TI U HO IU KIN X L G BNG MUI CROMAT V ANCOL

OPTIMIZATION OF WOOD TREATMENT CONDITIONS WITH BICHROMATE SALT AND ALCOHOL

O HNG CNG Trng i hc S phm, i hc Nng

TM TT Trong bi bo ny, chng ti trnh by kt qu nghin cu iu kin x l g bng mui bicromat v ancol. Bng phng php ti u ha hm a mc tiu tm c cc iu kin x l g thu c bn un ca g l ln nht, bao gm: khi lng bicromat 49,5 g; th tch ancol 225 ml. Vi iu kin ny thu c: bn un ln nht 3350. ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the research results of the condition for wood treatment using bichromate salt and alcohol. Using the optimal method of multi-target function, we determined the treating conditions to create wood with the highest curling endurance including bichromate mass of 49,5 g; alcohol volume of 225 ml. In these conditions, we obtain the highest curling endurance with content 3350.

1. M U Nc ta vng nhit i c iu kin thun li cho rng pht trin. Rng cung cp cho chng ta mt ngun lm sn v cng qu gi, trong c bit v ph bin nht l g. Vi s phong ph v a dng, g c s dng hu khp mi ni, t nhng vt dng n gin nht trong gia nh n cc cng trnh kin trc hin i. Ngoi ra, g cn c s dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip giy, si, cng nghip vn p, cng nghip ho cht, cng nghip tu bin... [1]. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh ch bin v s dng g chng ta thng gp mt s kh khn nh mt s loi g c bn c hc khng cao, s tn cng ca nm, mc, mt, h, m, vi sinh vt...lm cho g b thi, mc, nt n, cong vnh gi tr ca g. khc phc hin tng ny chng ti nghin cu ti u ho iu kin x l g bng mui cromat v ancol. 2. NGUYN LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 2.1. Nguyn liu Mu g x l thuc loi IV c hnh dng hnh hp ch nht mt ct vung, kch thc 20x20x300 (mm), trong 300 l kch thc dc th. Cc yu cu khc v hnh dng v chnh xc ca mu theo ng cc iu 15,16 ca TCVN 356:1970, ring sai lch v chiu di khng c vt qu 0,1mm. 2.2. Phng php th nghim [3] 2.2.1. Thit b My th vi o lc chnh xc n 10N; Thc cp, chnh xc 0.1mm; Dng c xc nh m [4] 2.2.2. Tin hnh th Mun xc nh modun n hi v gii hn bn khi un trn cng mt mu th xc nh modun n hi trc, sau mi xc nh gii hn bn;

o mu: mi mu (ti im gia chiu di) o chnh xc n 0.1mm chiu rng b theo phng xuyn tm v chiu cao h theo phng tip tuyn; * Th gii hn bn khi un tnh theo hnh v 2.1: Mu t 8 8 8 trn 2 gi ta sao cho lc gy un hng theo phng tip tuyn 0 0 0 24 vi vng nm (un tip tuyn) cn dao truyn lc v gi ta th i 0 30 xng qua trung im ca mu. 0 Khi th g m, c bit l g mm, bn di gi ta v dao truyn Hnh 2.1: S th mu lc phi t ming lt kch thc 20x20 (mm) lm bng g dn dy 5mm (hoc vt liu tng t). u my truyn lc phi di chuyn du n trong sut qu trnh th, ng vi tc tng ti 7.000 1.500 N/ph. Nu dng my truyn ng bng c kh th tc di chuyn ca u my l10mm/ph.Tng ti cho n khi mu b ph hoi, ngha l kim ng h o lc quay theo chiu ngc li. c ti trng cc i Pmax trn bng o chnh xc n 10N. * Xc nh m: Xc nh ngay m W ca tng mu (theo TCVN 358:1970) bng cch ct 2 khi vung kch thc chng 20x20x20(mm) gn hai bn ch gy lm mu o m. 3. KT QU V BN LUN xc nh iu kin ti u cho qu trnh x l g, chng ti tin hnh th nghim theo phng php leo dc ng vi hai yu t c kho st l hm lng mui cromat v th tch acol. Hm mc tiu c chn l bn un, ht nc, dn di v chng chu vi sinh vt. Phng trnh hi quy c dng nh sau: y = b0 + b1x1 + b2x2 + b12x1x2 (III.1) Vi : x1 - bin s m ho ca bin thc Z1- hm lng cromat; x2 - bin s m ho ca bin thc Z2 - th tch ancol; y hm mc tiu ; b0, b1, b2, b12 - cc h s ca phng trnh hi quy. Trong nghin cu ny hm mc tiu c chn kho st l bn un y1. 3.1. Xc nh phng trnh hi quy [TLKT] [2] 3.1.1. Lp ma trn quy hoch thc nghim v xc nh cc h s ca phng trnh Lng th nghim cn thit N khi hoch nh theo nhn t ton phn c xc nh bng cng thc: N = nk (n: s lng cc mc; k: s yu t). Vi mc tiu kho st hai yu t nh hng l hm lng mui cromat v th tch ancol th s th nghim cn phi tin hnh N = 2 x 2 = 4 th nghim. Cc gi tr cc bin Z1, Z2; gi tr tm phng n khong bin thin tnh theo [TLKT] c cho trn bng 3.1. Bng 3.1: Cc mc v khong bin thin Yu t Hm lng cromat Th tch ancol Mc di -1 40 100 Cc mc Mc c s 0 45 150 Mc trn +1 50 200 Khong bin thin 5 50

Ma trn m rng sau khi a thm ct bin o x0 = +1 v h s tng tc i b12 c th hin bng 3.2

Bng 3.2: Ma trn m rng STN 1 2 3 4 x0 1 1 1 1 x1 -1 -1 1 1 x2 -1 1 -1 1 x1x2 1 -1 -1 1 y1 2560 3030 2840 3320

Cc h s phng trnh hi quy c xc nh theo cng thc [TLKT] 1 N 1 N b j = xi j y i b12 = ( x1 x 2 ) i y i N i =1 N i =1 Suy ra gi tr cc h s hi quy i vi hm mc tiu y1: b0 = 2937.5; b1 = 142.5; b2 = 237.5; b12 = 2.5. Thay gi tr cc h s hi quy vo (III.1) thu c phng trnh hi qui ca cc hm mc tiu: y1 = 2937.5 + 142.5 x1 + 237.5 x2 + 2.5x1x2 3.1.2. Kim nh s c ngha cc h s theo tiu chun Student: kim nh s c ngha cc h s theo tiu chun Student chng ti lm thm 3 th nghim tm thc nghim v thu c gi tr y trn bng 3.3. Bng 3.3: Gi tr thc hin ti tm phng n STN 1 2 3 Z1(g) 45 45 45 Z2(ml) 150 150 150 y1(kN/cm2) 2970 2965 2945 2960 S =
2 th

y2(%) 129.12 129.27 128.68 129.023

y3(%) 3.5225 3.5125 3.4995 3.5115 (III.2)

Gi tr trung bnh: Phng sai ti hin:

( y
m u =1

0 u

y0

, u = 1,2,3

m 1 S th N

Sai s tnh cho bi:

S bi =

(III.3)

Trong y0u : gi tr y thu c ti tm thc nghim; y 0: gi tr trung bnh ca cc ln o gi tr y0u; m: s th nghim lm ti tm thc nghim, y m=3 Cc gi tr tnh ton theo s liu thc nghim ca phn b Student c tnh theo cng thc [TLKT]: bj tj = (III.4) Sbj Thay y0, y 0 vo phng trnh (III.2), ta c kt qu trn bng 3.4

Bng 3.4. Gi tr phng sai v phn b theo Student

2 S th 175

Sth 13.23

S BJ 6.61

t0 444.11

t1 21.54

t2 35.91

t12 0.38

Gi tr bng ca tiu chun Student i vi mc ngha p = 0,05; bc t do l f = 2. Tra bng ta c tb(p;f) = t(0,05;2) = 1.18 i chiu vi cc tr s Student tnh ta thy t12 < tb nn h s b12 khng c ngha v sau khi loi b h s ny, phng trnh hi qui ca hm y1 l: y1 = 2937.5 + 142.5x1 + 237.5x2 3.1.3. Kim tra tnh tng thch ca cc phng trnh hi qui: * Kim tra s tng thch ca phng trnh theo tiu chun Fisher. 2 S du? F= 2 (III.5) S th vi
2 S du? =

( y
N i =1

yi

(III.6)

N N' trong : N: s th nghim; N: s h s c ngha trong phng trnh; yi: gi tr o c trong thc nghim; y i : gi tr tnh ton theo phng trnh. Cc gi tr thu c trn bng 3.5 Bng 3.5: Bng gi tr tnh phng sai d 1 2 3 2557.5 3032.5 2842.5
_

(y

STN yi
i

4 3317.5 6.25

yi

6.25

6.25

6.25

* Kim tra tnh tng thch ca phng trnh hi qui y1: Phng sai d theo cng thc (III.6) c gi tr bng:
2 S du? =

(y
N i =1

yi

=25

N N'

= 0.143 S So snh gi tr F vi Fb = F(1 p )( f 2 , f1 ) trong p:mc ngha; f1: bc t do ca phng sai d f1 = N - N' = 4 -3 =1; f2: bc t do ca phng ti hin f2 = m-1 = 2 Tra bng ta c Fb = 5.3, suy ra Fb>F, phng trnh ph hp vi cc s liu thc nghim. Vy phng trnh hi qui l: y1 = 2937.5+ 142.5x1 + 237.5x2 3.2. Ti u ho thc nghim [TLTK] Ti u ti ho qu trnh kho st cc hm mc tiu bng phng php leo dc (phng php Box-Wilson), chn bc nhy ca yu t Z1 l 1 = 2, da vo 1 tnh 2 ca Z2 theo cng thc:

Tiu chun Fisher: F =

2 ? du 2 th

bi i b1 1 Trong i l bc nhy ca yu t th i; bi : l h s hi qui ca cc yu t tng quan; i l khong bin thin ca tng yu t tng ng. Cc gi tr tnh ton th hin trn bng 3.6.

i = 1

Bng 3.6: Bng thng k cc h s bi v i Khong bin bi i Tch bii i thin i 1 142.5 5 712.5 712.5 1.5 2 237.5 50 11875 11875 25 Tin hnh th nghim theo hng gradient thu c cc gi tr bn un trn bng 3.7. STT H s (bi) Bng 3.7: Bng qui hoch th nghim theo hng gradient ca bn un U Th nghim tm1 2 3 4 5 2 3 Z1(g) 45 46.5 48 49.5 51 46.5 48 Z2(ml) 150 175 200 225 250 175 200 y (kN/cm2) 2970 3105 3240 3350 3350 3105 3240

Kt qu trn bng 3.7 cho thy bn un tt nht thu c th nghim th 4. Khi tip tc leo dc th bn un khng thay i, v vy th nghim th 4 cho kt qu tt nht theo hng gradient chn vi bn un 3350 kN/cm2. 4. KT LUN xc nh c phng trnh hi quy ti u ho: y1 = 2937.5 + 142.5x1 + 237.5x2 vi cc h s h s b1=142.5 > 0, b2= 237.5 > 0 iu ny c ngha l khi x1, x2 tng th y tng v ngc li khi x1, x2 gim th y gim, tc l tng hm lng bicrmat v tng th tch ancol trong dung dch th bn un s tng . G tr ph hp nht trong qu trnh x l c bn un ln nht 3350 kN/cm2 l khi lng bicromat 49.5g v th tch ancol 225ml. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nguyn Th Ngc Bch (2003), K thut xenlulo v giy, Nh xut bn i hc Quc Gia TP. H Ch Minh. [2] Nguyn Cnh (1993), Quy hoch thc nghim, Nh xut bn i hc Bch khoa TP. H Ch Minh. [3] L Thun ng (2001), Hng dn ly mu v th cc tnh cht c l vt liu xy dng, Nh xut bn Giao thng Vn ti. [4] TCVN tnh cht c l ca g 358, H Ni 1970.