ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP - Giang - -NEW

n Tt Nghip : Chuyn iu Tc Nh My Thy in aNhim
GVHD: TS L K Trang SVTH: Nguyn Vn Giang 1

Li m u

Trc s pht trin ca cc nn kinh t x hi, trong khng th khng ni
n s pht trin mnh m ca ngnh nng lng in p ng nhu cu cng
nghip ha, hin i ho t nc. Song song vi s p ng nhu cu v s pht trin
kinh t ca x hi th ngnh in ng mt vai tr cc k quan trng trong cuc sng
x hi cng nh trong an ninh quc phng. Trong xu hng hi nhp quc t, s
pht trin ca ngnh nng lng in th khng th b qua c cht lng ca in
nng. m bo c s tin cy cung cp in lin tc, an ton v hiu qu cao
nht nh mong mun, ngoi tiu chun cht lng v in p th tn s cng l mt
iu kin rt quan trng v quyt nh ti cht lng ca in nng.
Vi mc ch nhm cng c cc kin thc trong cc nm hc v bc u cho
sinh vin nghin cu c lp em xin nhn ti nghin cu v b iu tc ca nh
my thy in a Nhim nhn nhn r s dao ng cng sut v tn s trong h
thng in.
thc hin thnh cng n ny, em xin chn thnh cm n qu Thy, C
gio trong trng i hc Nng v c bit l cc Thy, C gio trong khoa in
nhit tnh cung cp cho em nhng kin thc c bn trong cc nm hc em c c
s thc hin n ny. Trong qu trnh thc hin n em xin chn thnh cm n
Thy gio Tin S L K nh hng v tn tnh gip cho em trong sut qu
trnh nghin cu thc hin v hon thnh n.
Mc d c nhiu c gng nhng cng khng th trnh khi nhng sai st.
Rt mong c s gp ca cc Thy, C gio v cc bn n ca em c
hon thin hn. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n.
Nng, ngy thng nm 2011
Sinh vin thc hin

Nguyn vn Giang
MC LC
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V IU TC ............................................................. 5
I. DAO NG TN S V CNG SUT TRONG H THNG IN ..................... 5
1.1 Gii thiu chung: ................................................................................................. 5
1.1.1 Giai on bin i nhanh : ................................................................................. 5
1.1.2 Giai on bin i chm : .................................................................................. 6
1.1.2.1: iu chnh s cp: .......................................................................................... 6
1.1.2.2 iu chnh th cp ......................................................................................... 7
1.2 nh hng ca s thay i tn s ln turbin my pht ....................................... 9
1.2.1 nh hng ca s thay i tn s ln my pht ................................................. 9
1.2.2 nh hng s thay i tn s ln turbin .......................................................... 10
1.3 Xy dng c tnh iu chnh ca b iu tc .................................................... 11
II. IU CHNH TN S V CNG SUT TRONG NH MY IN ................. 15
2.1. Tng quan......................................................................................................... 15
2.2 iu chnh tn s s cp: .................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Khi nim v iu chnh tn s s cp: ............................................................ 15
2.2.2 Khi nim chung v nguyn l iu chnh tc turbin: ................................. 16
2.2.3 Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng iu tc turbin: ............................................. 17
2.2.4 Cc dng c tnh iu chnh tc turbin: ..................................................... 21
2.2.4.1 c tnh iu chnh tc turbin c lp:..................................................... 23
2.2.4.2 c tnh iu chnh tc turbin ph thuc: ................................................ 24
2.2.4.3 p ng ca ph ti i vi s thay i tn s: ........................................... 26
2.2.4.4 Dao ng cng sut, tn s trong qu trnh iu chnh s cp. ...................... 28
2.2.4.5 Nhng yu cu v iu chnh tn s s cp: ................................................ 29
2.3 iu chnh th cp: ............................................................................................ 30
2.3.1 Khi nim : ...................................................................................................... 30
2.3.2 iu khin tn s th cp trong h thng in c lp: .................................... 31
CHNG II: KHO ST H THNG IU TC NH MY THY IN A
NHIM 32
I.GII THIU TNG QUAN V NH MY ..................................................... 33
1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v hot ng .......................................................................... 33
1.2 Cng trnh ca nh my ...................................................................................... 35
1.2.1. Cac cong trnh thuyl c: ................................................................................. 35
1.2.2. Cong trnh i en :............................................................................................. 41
1.2.3. Thit b in, my in thng s v c tnh k thut ...................................... 42
1.2.3.1. Phan c : ...................................................................................................... 42
a. Turbi ne: ................................................................................................................ 42
b. Van chnh (i nl et val ve): ....................................................................................... 43
c. Hethong dau ap l c: ............................................................................................ 43
d. Hethong dau boi trn, nang truc: ........................................................................ 44
e. Goi truc: gom 2 goi pha turbi ne & pha SSG ...................................................... 45
f . Hethong nc l am mat tomay. ............................................................................ 45
g. Boi eu toc: .......................................................................................................... 45
1.2.3.2 Phan i en: .................................................................................................... 46
a. May phat .............................................................................................................. 46
b. May bi en ap chnh ................................................................................................ 47
c. MBA kch t: ........................................................................................................ 48
d. Hekch t: ............................................................................................................ 48
II /.TNG QUAN V B IU TC NH MY THY IN A NHIM ............. 49
2.1 B iu tc: ......................................................................................................... 49
2.1.1. Cc thng s k thut ca b iu tc .............................................................. 49
1. Hiu ...................................................................................................................... 49
2. Kiu ...................................................................................................................... 49
3. Cu trc ................................................................................................................ 49
4. Cu trc 1 PLC ..................................................................................................... 49
5. C cu chp hnh: ................................................................................................. 49
6. Ngun cung cp: ................................................................................................... 50
7. My pht tc: ........................................................................................................ 50
8. Final speed drop: ................................................................................................... 50
9. Di t mc tc (speed level): .......................................................................... 50
10. Bin in p iu khin .................................................................................. 50
11. Thi gian ng m kim ....................................................................................... 50
12. Thi gian ng/m cn gt .................................................................................. 50
2.1.2. Cc thnh phn, cu trc ca b iu tc ......................................................... 50
1. Mch cm nhn tc ......................................................................................... 50
1.1. My pht tc:(Speed Signal Generator : SSG) .................................................... 50
1.2. Relay tc ....................................................................................................... 50
2. LVDT: (linear variable differential transformer ..................................................... 51
3. Governor unit: ....................................................................................................... 52
4. Ngun cung cp: .................................................................................................. 53
5. Hp iu khin (control box): ............................................................................... 54
5.1 T iu khin ...................................................................................................... 55
5.2 Ngun cho dng c bo dng. ........................................................................... 57
III.PHN THY LC CA B IU TC. .............................................................. 57
1.1 H thng kim, cn gt nc & servo cn gt ....................................................... 57
1.2 Converter valve: (van chuyn i) c 3 ci: ......................................................... 57
a. ac i em chung: .................................................................................................. 57
b. ac i em kythuat: ............................................................................................... 58
c. Cau tao vanguyen l yhoat ong: .......................................................................... 58
d. Hoat ong bao dng: .......................................................................................... 60
1.3 Van phan phoi cho van chnh: ............................................................................ 60
1.4 Van phn phi cho cn gt (distributing valve) .................................................... 61
1.5 Van 65S .............................................................................................................. 61
2. Ngun cp du cho b iu tc: ............................................................................ 61
IV. PHN IN CA B IU TC ......................................................................... 62
1. Chc nng h thng iu tc: ................................................................................ 62
a. Cu hnh h thng b iu chnh khi iu tc c m t nh hnh sau: .............. 62
b. M t chc nng:................................................................................................... 62
c. S nguyn l ca b iu tc. ........................................................................... 62
d. Nguyn tc u khin ca b iu tc ................................................................... 63
1. Kim tra u vo v mc chuyn i:............................................................... 63
2. iu khin bng tay Turbin: .................................................................................. 63
3. iu khin khi ng: ........................................................................................... 63
4. iu khin tc : ................................................................................................. 64
5. iu khin tc theo yu cu: ............................................................................ 65
6. iu khin ti: ....................................................................................................... 65
7. iu khin PID: .................................................................................................... 66
8. u im ca b iu tc........................................................................................ 72
9. Kt ni my tnh vi b iu khin: ...................................................................... 66
CHNG III. VAI TR CA IU TC TRONG CC CH VN HNH
CA NH MY THY IN A NHIM .......................................... 68
I. Khi Qut .............................................................................................................. 68
II. Chc nng v vai tr ca b iu tc. ................................................................... 68
2.1 Chc nng ca b iu tc .................................................................................. 68
2.2. Vai tr ca b iu tc ....................................................................................... 68
2.2.1. T ng n nh cng sut (auto load regulator: ALR) .................................... 68
2.2.2 iu chnh hu cng ........................................................................................ 69
2.2.2.1 iu tn ......................................................................................................... 69
2.2.2.2 C nh.......................................................................................................... 69
CHNG IV: TNG KT ........................................................................................... 72
1. ngha ca h thng iu tc trong nh my thy in a Nhim
2. Nhng c trng chnh ca khi iu tc
3. Cc lu khi vn hnh h thng iu tc

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V IU TC

I. DAO NG TN S V CNG SUT TRONG
H THNG IN
1.1 Gii thiu chung:
H thng in bao gm: Nh my in, ng dy, trm bin p, ph ti to thnh h
thng nht thc hin nhim v pht in v truyn ti phn b in nng n h tiu th
in.Cht lng in nng c nh gi bi cc thng s k thut sau:
Tn s, in p v tin cy cung cp in. Trong hai thng s tn s v in p th
gi tr lch tn s khc vi gi tr lch in p l ti cc im trn h thng gi tr
lch tn s l ging nhau, trong khi gi tr lch in p ch mang tnh cc b ti
tng im trn h thng.
Khi vn hnh h thng, gi tr lch tn s phi lun lun c duy tr gi tr
cho php l: Lin tc ti gi tr 50 0.1Hz v c cho php trong cc dao ng thi
gian ngn l 50 0.2Hz.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh tn s ca h thng thng xuyn dao ng. Qu trnh dao
ng tn s ca h thng c phn thnh cc giai on sau:
a. Giai on bin i trung bnh v nhanh: Trong giai on ny s thay i tn s
din ra trong sut qu trnh qu v lin quan n s bin i tc khi turbin- my
pht do s mt cn bng gia m men c l Tm v m men in l Te
b. Giai on bin i tng i chm: l nhng thay i ca tn s c lin quan
n qun tnh ca tt c cc my in trong h thng v tc p ng ca cc b phn
iu tc, iu tn .
1.1.1 Giai on bin i nhanh :
Nu m men c Tm v mmen in Te ca mi my pht trong h thng cn bng
nhau: Tm=Te v rto ca mi my pht quay vi tc ng b
r
=
o
th sc in ng
, in p v dng in bin thin cng mt tn s f
o
=
o
/2, tuy nhin trong qu trnh vn
hnh cng sut ca h thng thay i lin tc dn n s thay i ca tn s trn h thng
l s mt cn bng cng sut gia tng cng sut c ca cc ng c s cp (turbin) v
ph ti ca cc my pht trong h thng.
iu ny c miu t bi phng trnh:

e m tt pt m
P P P P P
dt
d
= + =
}
) (
(1.1)
Trong :
P
m
: Tng cng sut c ca cc tur bin
P
pt
: Tng cng sut ph ti h thng
P
tt
: Tng cng sut tn tht ca h thng
P
e
: Tng cng sut in
J: M men qun tnh tng ca cc t my trong h thng
Trong ch xc lp: P
m
(P
pto
+P
tto
) = 0
Lc = const
giai on u ca qu trnh qu do ph ti dao ng t ngt nn cc b iu
tc v iu tn cha kp tc ng .
1.1.2 Giai on bin i chm :
Trong giai on ny tn ti hai qu trnh iu chnh.
1.1.2.1: iu chnh s cp:
iu chnh tn s s cp c thc hin bi cc b iu chnh tc ca turbin (cc
b iu tc) n cho php thay i lng hi hay lng nc qua turbin theo t l vi s
bin i ca tc turbin (trong h n v tng i chnh l tn s).p ng ca vic
iu chnh tn s c biu din bng t s Mw/Hz v gi l h s dc ca c tnh
iu chnh tn s (R). Nh vy vi s thay i c gii hn ca ph ti th s mt cn bng
cng sut c th b li bng vic t ng iu chnh tn s s cp.
Khi tn s dao ng nm ngoi vng cht ca b iu tc, b iu tc s bt u p
ng iu chnh cng sut pht ra bng vi cng sut ph ti yu cu. Qu trnh ny s to
ra mt lch tn s nht nh do c tnh iu chnh ca b iu tc. Thi gian thc hin
ca b iu tc t (0.3 2)s k t thi im bt u dao ng vt ra ngoi vng cht v
ph thuc vo bin ca dao ng. Gi tr tc gii hn an ton c ly t s hot
ng bnh thng ca turbin: bng 112% gi tr tc nh mc i vi turbin ca cc
my pht nhit in ( tc cao) v 130% gi tr tc nh mc vi turbin my pht thy
in ( tc thp).
+ Mc ch ca iu chnh s cp.
- Nhanh chng km ch s mt cn bng gia cng sut pht ra v s thay i ca
ph ti nhng vn cn tn ti mt tc lch tn s .
- Lm thay i tro lu cng sut trn li
- Hiu qu ca vic iu chnh s cp ph thuc vo dc ca ng c tnh iu
chnh, nu dc cng ln hiu qu iu chnh cng ln ( lch tn s cng nh).
Ghi ch: Vng cht ca b iu tc l khong gii hn v lch tc ( tn s) so vi
gi tr danh nh m trong khong khng mt dao ng tn s no c b iu tc p
ng iu chnh.
1.1.2.2 iu chnh th cp.
giai on cui ca qu trnh qu , khi lch tn s vt qu vng khng nhy
ca b iu tn th b iu tn bt u tc ng lm thay i gi tr ti tham chiu ca b
iu chnh s cp. Ch c th phc hi tn s ca h thng v gi tr danh nh khi h
thng c cng sut d tr.
Thi gian p ng ca b iu chnh tn s c th mt vi chc giy (3040)s k t thi
im bt u dao ng vt ra ngoi vng cht ca b iu chnh s cp. Qu trnh iu
tn din ra rt chm so vi qu trnh iu tc, nn trong nhiu trng hp hai qu trnh ny
c th c phn tch c lp.
Khi xc nh lch tn s do s mt cn bng cng sut tc dng trong h thng c th
phn tch theo ba giai on sau:
Giai on 1. y l giai on bin i tng i nhanh v lin quan n qu trnh
in t v qu trnh in c xy ra trc khi b iu tc v b iu tn tc ng.
Giai on 2. y l giai on bin i trung bnh v c lin quan n qu trnh in
c do hot ng iu chnh s cp ca b iu tc.
Giai on 3. y l giai on bin i chm v c lin quan n hot ng iu
chnh th cp.
Nhng dao ng tn s trong qu trnh qu ph thuc vo cc thng s chnh ca
h thng. Khi c s mt cn bng cng sut trong h thng s xut hin lch tn s f =
f - f
o
v

nh vo hot ng iu chnh ca b iu tc kt hp vi iu tn s a tn s
ca h thng v li gi tr danh nh f
o
.
Tng ng vi ba giai on trn, cc dao ng ca tng cng sut ti P
L
lm tn s
h thng thay i c chia lm ba nhm nh sau:
Nhm 1. Bin i nhanh:
l nhng dao ng ti trong thi gian t (13)s v c bin b hn (0.001 P
L
),
nhng dao ng ny ph thuc vo qun tnh rto my pht ngha l ph thuc vo qu
trnh in c ca cc my pht.
Dao ng tn s sinh ra do nhng dao ng ca ti trong trng hp ny thng
thng trong khong ( 0.010.02)Hz
.
Nhm 2. Bin i vi tc trung bnh
l nhng dao ng ti trong thi gian t (1030)s vi bin bng khong
(0.01P
L
). Nguyn nhn gy ra cc dao ng ny thng thng do cc ph ti dng ko
ti trng nng, cc l luyn kim, dao ng ny trong khong (0.10.2)Hz.
Nhm 3. Bin i chm

Thi gian dao ng t vi pht n vi chc pht, nguyn nhn gy ra nhng dao
ng l nhng thay i ti trong ngy do cc ph ti cng nghip v cc thit b in gia
nh.
Trong h thng in lin kt c hai hay nhiu khu vc c lin kt bng cc ng
dy lin lc, ngoi b iu chnh tn s ngun pht trong mi khu vc (iu khin tn s-
ti : load frequency control) cn phi c s iu chnh duy tr lng cng sut pht gia
cc khu vc (iu chnh cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy lin lc tie line control).
Chng ta c th m t tng qut qu trnh iu khin tn s v phn phi cng sut
tc dng trong h thng in nh hnh 1.1:

1.2 nh hng ca s thay i tn s ln turbin my pht
1.2.1 nh hng ca s thay i tn s ln my pht
Trong h thng in khi mt ti v bt k mt l do no, tt c cc my pht trong h
thng s ri vo tnh trng mt cn bng cng sut v lm tc t my tng ln mt cch
nhanh chng (lng tc).
Gi s rng thng s t ca dc c tnh iu chnh ph thuc ca b iu tc
khng thay i ( dc ph thuc ca b iu tc s xc nh s thay i ca tc my
pht hay tn s theo s thay i ca ti) khi tnh trng vt qu tc vn tn ti, my
pht s khng b nguy him nu c hot ng thp hn cng sut nh mc v cc iu
kin v lm mt, lc c kh vn c tha mn. Tuy nhin khi mt ti t ngt in p u
Hnh 1.1 S iu khin tn s v phn b cng sut tc
dng
H thng iu
khin th cp
H thng ti in
H thng truyn ti
Cc t my khc

H thng cp nng
lng s cp nc
hi
My
pht
Tuabin Van hay
cng nc
H thng
iu khin
TB s cp
ng c
thay i
tc
chun
lch tn s trn h thng trn f

T
n

h
i
u

A
C
E

(
A
r
e
a

c
o
n
t
r
o
l

e
r
r
o
r
)
=
P
+
f

lch cng sut trn DLL
P

r

cc my pht s tng cao dn n phi gim kch t. Ty thuc vo nhy v gi tr
chnh nh ca cc r le bo v m my pht c th b ct do qu p.
Trong khu vc tn s thp s gy ra tnh trng ngc li vi tnh trng trn. y cc
my pht s ri vo tnh trng qu ti v tc my pht s gim thp hn nh mc. in
p ca h thng s gim dn n kch t tng v c th t n gi tr gii hn, iu ny
lm qu ti stato v rto dn n bo v qu kch t, tn s thp s tc ng.
1.2.2 nh hng s thay i tn s ln turbin
Turbin nc khng b nh hng nhiu khi tn s dao ng. Turbin hi c cu to
vi nhiu tng cnh, t nhng cnh rt ngn trong phn p sut cao n nhng cnh di
trong phn p sut thp. Mi cnh l mt l thp c gn cht gc v vy n c th chu
c s un cong khi xy ra dao ng nh, tn s dao ng t nhin ca cnh turbin gm
2 phn:
+ Phn 1 ph thuc vo tn s dao ng t nhin khi cnh turbin trng thi n nh.
+ phn 2 ph thuc vo tc ca s dao ng v cc yu t khc nh ng knh
trc, di cnh.

Khi tn s thay i, vt liu ch to turbin phi chu rung ng ng sut cao dn n h
hng phn c ca turbin. ng sut tc dng ln cnh turbin khi tn s thay i quanh nh
mc c th biu din nh hnh 1.2.
Vng an
ton
Vng nguy
him
Vng nguy
him
Hnh 1.2 ng sut tc dng ln cnh Turbin
q
f
Hot ng ca turbin tn s thp nguy him hn hot ng tn s cao. Tuy nhin
khng nn ct turbin nu c th iu chnh v vn hnh. Turbin cn c bo v bng rle
bo v tn s thp chng li s gim thp v tn s s lm gim tui th ca turbin.
Bo v tn s thp phc tp v p ng tn s ca h thng ph thuc vo ln ca
s mt cn bng do mt ngun pht no v cc c tnh iu chnh. Nu thiu ht cng
sut pht ln, tn s s suy gim rt nhanh lc ny cn sa thi ph ti trnh s sp v
tn s.
1.3 Xy dng c tnh iu chnh ca b iu tc .
thun tin cho s kho st v xy dng c tnh iu chnh ca b iu tc, chng
ta chia qu trnh iu chnh tn s thnh hai giai on c lp:
- iu chnh s cp (p ng ca b iu tc)
- iu chnh th cp (p ng ca b iu tn)
Gi tr tn s n nh i vi turbin khng c iu khin (khng c s tham gia
ca b iu tc) l giao im ca ng cong P
L
(f) v P
L
(f) c miu t trong hnh 1.3
trong : P(f) c tnh ca turbin khng c iu khin ng vi mt cng sut nht nh
( m cnh hng hoc s van l c nh ).

iu chnh
kch t

P
L
PL
PL
P
P
0

P
1

P
P
f

V
G
= V
L
=Const
Hnh 1.3 Tn s thay i mt lng f do thay i ti t P
o
P
1,
P
L
(f) v P
L
(f)
cc c tnh ca ti c v vi gi thit ln in p u cc my pht
khng i V
G
= V
L
= hng s .

1.2
3'
3
2
1
1'
0.4
1.0
0.8
0.6
f
P(f)
PL(f)
44 46 48 50 52 54
Khi tc my pht c iu khin bng b iu tc, c tnh P(f) ca turbin c iu
khin c xy dng da trn cc ng c tnh P(f) ca turbin khng c iu khin bng
cch ni cc im hot ng tng ng vi cc m cnh hng nc hoc s van khc
nhau.
.

Trong on 1-2 ca ng c tnh trn hnh 1.4 : Cng sut ti cng tng th tn s cng
gim, on 1-2 l c tnh P(f) c th c tuyn tnh ha thnh on thng 1-2 vi gi
thit P= P
o
+ P.
Khi my pht hot ng ti im 2(van/ cnh hng nc t m ti a ) th hot
ng ca b iu tc khng cn c tc dng. Do cng sut my pht vn cha p ng
cng sut ti nn tc turbin - my pht gim.
Khi tn s gim theo ng c tnh tn s ca turbin khng iu chnh (on 2-3),
on 2-3 c th thay th bng on thng 2-3 vi gi thit cng sut ca turbin khng i
ti m (van/ cnh hng) t ti a. Tng t cc c tnh ti tng hp c th c
tuyn tnh ha vi gi thit: P
L
= P
Lo
+ P
L
.
Hnh 1.4: H cc ng c tnh tn s ca ti P
L
(f) v h cc c tnh tn s
ca turbin khng iu khin P(f) t xy dng ln c tnh ca turbin c iu
khin (ng cong 1-2)

Cc ng c tnh P(f) trn hnh 1.4 l c tnh ca mt my pht c trang b mt
b iu tc. Hot ng iu chnh da trn vic dch chuyn im lm vic t c tnh P(f)
ny n c tnh khc ng vi cc gi tr ti khc nhau.
T chng ta xy dng c c tnh ca turbin c iu khin nh on 1- 2 trn
hnh 1.4 thnh c tnh ca turbin my pht c iu chnh nh hnh 1.5.

Nu ti thay i mt lng P
L
, nh hot ng iu tc, h thng s n nh ti mt tn s
mi f1 tng ng vi giao im ca tng c tnh ti mi v ng c tnh cng sut my
pht.
Qu trnh qu t a b tng ng vi tn s gim t fo n f1 ko di t (520)s
bt u t thi im lch tn s nm ngoi vng cht ca b iu tc.
Cc b iu tc c kh thng thng c thi gian tr t ( 0,22)s. Tuy nhin do hng
s thi gian tr ca Secvomotor (ng c tr lc), tc ng thy lc trong turbin thy in
hay s gin n kh trong turbin hi lm cho thi gian khi ng ca cc b iu tc t
(13)s.
Sau qu trnh iu khin ca cc b iu tc th b iu tn bt u lm vic, hot
ng iu chnh ca b iu tn c m t nh hnh 1.6
P
L
(f)
2
a
b
3
P1
P0
P
P
L
P(f)

1
f
1 f
0 f

Hnh1.5: c tnh vn hnh ca my pht
c b iu tc khi p ng li s thay i ti

Trong :
ASG(Automatic Speed Governor): B iu tc t ng.
AFR(Automatic Frequency Regulator): B iu tn t ng.
Hot ng iu chnh l tng: iu chnh tn s h thng v gi tr ban u nh vo
hot ng iu chnh s cp v th cp.
Vng cht ca b iu tn hp hn nhiu so vi vng cht ca b iu tc, thng
thng nm trong di (0,050,3)%.
B iu tn bt u hot ng sau khi b iu tc ngng hot ng. i khi b
iu tn khi ng trong sut qu trnh hat ng ca b iu tc nhng tc ng sau
b iu tc. Nh tc ng ca b iu tn c tnh P(f) dch chuyn t ng 1-2 sang
ng 1-2 (hnh 1.6) qu trnh ny din ra trong khong t (1040)s.
Khi tng ti tn s s gim i xung gi tr f1 ph thuc vo kh nng iu chnh ca
b iu tc. B iu tn thc hin iu chnh ( hnh 1.6) phc hi tn s v gi tr fo. S
iu chnh ny gi l iu chnh l tng khi trong h thng c s thay i ti.
2

2

b

a

1

1
P(f)

f

P

P

P
0
f
0
f
1
ASG
AFR
P
L

Hnh1.6: Hot ng iu chnh l tng ca b iu chnh tn s
khi ti thay i mt lng P
L
II. IU CHNH TN S V CNG SUT TRONG
NH MY IN
2.1. Tng quan
Cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng trong mng truyn ti gn nh c lp
vi nhau v c iu khin theo cc phng thc khc nhau. V vy thun tin cho
vic kho st v iu khin, thc t ngi ta thng gi thit:
- Mi bin i v cn bng cng sut tc dng ca my pht v ca ph ti ch dn
n bin i v tn s.
- Mi bin i v cng sut phn khng ch dn n s bin i v in p.
Tn s l thng s chung ca ton h thng v l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng
nh gi cht lng in nng. duy tr tn s h thng nh mong mun ta thc hin
thng qua iu chnh cng sut pht.
1. Tn s ph thuc vo tc quay ca rto nn cn gi tc truyn ng ca rto
l khng i, iu ny ph thuc vo s truyn ng ca tt c cc thit b iu tc v
lng nhin liu cung cp( nc/hi)
2. Tn s ph thuc vo cng sut pht ca nh my v ph ti k c tn hao trn
ng dy v my bin p
P
e
= m P
PT
+ mPmd + Ptd + Pdt
Thay i P s c phn nh qua s bin i tn s ca h thng.
Trong mng lin kt gia cc vng c iu khin c lp, ngoi vic iu chnh
tn s, my pht trong mi vng phi c iu khin duy tr cng sut trao i d
kin. S iu khin cng sut v tn s gi l iu khin ti - tn s.
2.2 iu chnh tn s s cp:
2.2.1 Khi nim v iu chnh tn s s cp:
Khi trong h thng c s mt cn bng gia tng cng sut c trn cc ng c s
cp (turbin) v tng cng sut tc dng ca ph ti (k c tn tht trn h thng) do cc
nguyn nhn nh: s tng ti, mt ti hay ct my pht t ngt ra khi li th tn s li
s dao ng xung quanh gi tr nh mc. Lc ny nhanh chng n nh tn s, a tn
s v gi tr nh mc th b iu tc cc nh my phi thc hin qu trnh iu chnh t
ng theo c tnh dc ca tng b iu tc. Qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh iu chnh
tn s s cp. Qu trnh iu chnh s cp s nhanh chng p ng li s mt cn bng
cng sut tc dng trong h thng. Tuy nhin qu trnh ny cha th a tn s v gi tr
nh mc m vn cn tn ti mt lch tn s gi l lch tn s ca iu chnh s
cp.
2.2.2 Khi nim chung v nguyn l iu chnh tc turbin:
B iu tc l mt h thng t ng, phn hi vng kn, c tc dng khng ch tc
quay ca turbin n nh tn s khi my pht cha ha vo li hoc khi thay i
cng sut tc dng lc my pht nm trong li in. iu ny th hin nh s thay i
gc m ca cnh hng nc (i vi nh my thu in) hoc s van (i vi nh my
nhit in)
Nguyn l iu chnh tc turbin c minh ha bng m hnh t my pht c
lp cung cp cho ti nh hnh 2.1:

G
Mm
M
e
P
e
Pm
Hi hay
nc
Van hay
cng nc
Tuabi n
Bi u
tc
Tc
phan hi
Tai
Tc
chun

Hnh 2.1 Nguyn l iu chnh tc turbin.
Khi ti ca my pht thay i th mmen in u cc my pht cng thay i theo
tc thi. iu ny lm chnh lch gia mmen c Mm v mmen in Me sinh ra s thay
i tc turbin.
Qu trnh thay i tc c th biu din qua phng trnh (1.1).Trong h n v
tng i ( e
o
= 1; Pm - Pe = Mm - Me) phng trnh c vit li nh sau:
e m
P P
dt
d
J A A =

V c th biu din di dng s khi hm truyn nh hnh 2-2 :

(2.1)

- T
M
: hng s thi gian q un tnh ca my pht; s: l ton t Laplace

2.2.3 Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng iu tc turbin:
Trong nhiu nm, h thng iu tc turbin c s dng l loi c kh thy lc v
mt loi trong s l b iu chnh tc kiu con lc ly tm.
B iu chnh con lc ly tm ny dng 2 qu vng p ng li s thay i tc .
n nay cc b iu tc th h mi th c cu c kh thy lc ny c thay th
bng cc c cu in thy lc.
Tuy nhin vic hiu c nguyn l lm vic ca cc b iu tc dng c cu c kh
thy lc ny vn cn thit v nh n m ta c th m t c mt cch trc quan nguyn l
c bn ca qu trnh iu chnh tc turbin.
S ca b iu tc dng c cu c kh thy lc c m t trn hnh 2.3.
Trong b iu tc ny c cu phn hi tc ca turbin chnh l c cu ly tm. N
gm 2 qu vng c ko bi mt l xo.
C cu li tm ny c quay bi mt c cu quay nhn mmen quay t trc turbin.
Ty theo tc ca turbin m ta s c s cn bng gia lc cng ca l xo v lc ly
tm ca 2 qu vng cc gi tr khc nhau.
Khi mmen c trn trc turbin cn bng vi mmen in th tc ca turbin l
hng s v v tr ca 2 qu vng l khng thay i.
-
r
A
m
P A
A
+

s T
M
1

Hnh 2.2 S hm truyn biu din s thay i tc turbin theo s thay
i cng sut.
May
phat
Dong
hi ra
Tuabi n
Dong
hi vao
Van hi
Xi l anh
thuy l c
Van
i u
khi n
Du ap
sut cao
vao
Du ra
Banh
rng gi a
tc
Qua
vng
Tc
vao
Thi t b
o tc
A B
C
H G
I
F D
E

Hnh 2.3 C cu b iu tc dng c cu c kh thy lc.

Nu mmen in tng ln do s thay i ca ti v ln hn mmen c, tc tuabin
s b gim xung v 2 qu vng di chuyn mt cch nhanh chng vo bn trong v lc
cng ca l xo thng lc ly tm. iu ny lm im A c y ln v 3 im A,B,C quay
quanh im C. Kt qu ca vic quay ny l im B v van iu khin i ln cho du p
sut cao vo bung trn ca xilanh thy lc chnh.
S sai khc p lc to mt lc y y pittng i xung, qua c cu truyn ng van
hi (hay cng nc cnh hng nc) c m thm ra tng lng hi vo turbin v
tng cng sut ca turbin ln. S dch chuyn v tr ca pittng trong xilanh thy lc chnh
lm cho cc im D, E, I v H i xung v cc cn truyn ng ny quay quanh im G.
S i xung ca im C v v c cu A,B,C l c cu quay nn mt phn ca van iu
khin ng li gim bt lng du p sut chy vo bung trn ca xilanh thy lc chnh.
B iu tc ny c 2 vng phn hi m: Vng phn hi tc chnh thng qua thit
b o tc turbin v c cu iu chnh ly tm, vng phn hi th 2 chnh l v tr van
thng qua van hi, pittng, cc im D,E,I,H v C. Vng phn hi sau chc chn rng c
tnh tc cng sut ca turbin l c s iu khin turbin, cng nh n chc chn rng
bt k mt s gia tng tc no cng c p ng bi mt s gim xung hp l ca
mmen c trn trc turbin v ngc li.
dc hay h s khuych i ca c tnh c th thay i bng cch di chuyn im
E theo phng ngang trn cn truyn ng l ng thng DEF.
Mc ch ca b bnh rng gia tc (speeder gear) gm 2 nhim v: iu khin tc
ca my pht khng ng b v iu khin cng sut ra ca my pht ng b tng ng
vi vic thay i im chun ti.
bit r b bnh rng gia tc ny lm vic nh th no ta cho rng my pht l
my pht ng b v n s p ng li s thay i ca ti.
V my pht l my pht ng b nn tc ca n l hng s v bng tc ng
b. Nu b bnh rng gia tc ny c dng nng im G i ln th sau im B, C
v m van iu khin cng s tng ln.
Du p sut cao s vo khoang trn ca xilanh thy lc chnh, pittng s i xung v
van hi (hay cnh hng nc) s m tng cng sut pht ca turbin. ng thi khi
pittng i xung cng lm cc im D,E,I,H i xung theo, s dch chuyn ny cng lm
im C i xung v van iu khin s tr v v tr cn bng.
S ca b iu tc dng c cu c kh thy lc trn hnh 2.3 vi v tr ca b bnh
rng gia tc s tng ng vi vic t cc gi tr ca im chun ti nh s khi trn
hnh 2.4.

Vtrvan
e
e
chuan
Ae
C cu i u
chnh l y tm
Tc cua
khi o tc
Tc
chun
i m t
chun tai
Van i u
khi n
C cu
phan hi
Xi l anh
thuy l c
Van

Hnh 2.4 S khi b iu tc dng c cu c kh thy lc.

im bt li ca b iu tc dng c cu c kh thy lc l s c mt ca vng
cht v chnh xc tng i thp.
rng ca vng cht cng c xu hng tng ln theo thi gian do s mi mn (ma
st) ca cc thit b c kh khi chuyn ng.
Trong cc h thng ny tc ca turbin c o bi cc thit b in vi chnh
xc cao. Kt qu l cc tn hiu in c khuych i iu khin cc van iu khin
thng qua cc b bin i in thy lc.
S khi ca h thng iu tc in thy lc trong hnh 2.5 ch ra rng n hot ng
cng khng khc so vi h thng c kh thy lc ch trn hnh 2.4 nhng tnh mm do ca
b iu chnh in t cng sut cho php ta thm mt vng iu khin vo lin kt ni
hi v h thng iu khin turbin.

Van
Xi l anh
thuy l c
C cu
phan hi
Van i u
khi n
Bchuyn i
i n thuy l c Vtr
van
Bi u chnh
i n tcng sut
Tc
chun
e
chuan
Tc cua
khi o tc
e
i m t
chun tai
Phan hi
dong hi
Ap sut
dong hi
u vao

Hnh 2.5 S khi b iu tc dng c cu in thy lc.
ng nt t trn hnh s khi 2.5 k hiu cho phn hi dng hi, chc nng ca
n l ngn chn van b m bi b iu tc khi dng hi vo turbin c p sut qu thp.
im t tc c ci t bng tn hiu in trong b ci t tc chun. N dng
thay i cng sut t ca turbin. i vi cc loi turbin cn lc ln thao tc cc van
ng m nh turbin nc th b iu tc thng s dng xilanh thy lc 2 tng
khuych i lc c gi tr ln ng m cc ca van.
2.2.4 Cc dng c tnh iu chnh tc turbin:
c tnh ca turbin chnh l s thay i cng sut ca turbin tng ng vi s thay
i ca tc . cho turbin lm vic mt cch n nh th turbin phi c mt c tnh
cng sut tc m bo rng nu tc turbin tng ln th cng sut ca turbin phi
gim xung, iu ny s phc hi li gi tr cn bng gia cng sut in v cng sut c.
V tng t mt s gim xung ca tc th cng sut ca turbin s tng ln.
Hnh 2.6 trnh by cc ng c tnh ca turbin trong ng nt t l ng
c tnh khi khng c iu chnh v khi c iu chnh l ng nt lin. im A l im
lm vic ng vi cng sut cc i ca turbin n c tnh ton ph hp vi s lm
vic ti u ca dng hi qua turbin v c xc nh bi cc nh ch to turbin. u tin
ta xt ng c tnh khng hiu chnh (ng nt t 1,3), cho rng ban u turbin ang
lm vic ti im A, van iu khin m hon ton. My pht cho rng ng b vi h
thng v tc ch c th thay i nu tn s h thng thay i.

Hnh 2.6 c tnh cng sut tc ca turbin

Pmax
0
e
en
1
2
3
4
A
Nu do mt nguyn nhn no m tn s h thng tng ln tc l tc ca rto
cng s tng ln. V khng c iu chnh tng cng sut gim tc nn khi tc
tng ln s lm tng thm tn tht trong turbin v hiu sut ca dng hi gim xung,
tng ng cng sut ca turbin cng s gim nh ng nt t 1 trn hnh 2.6. Tng t
khi tn s gim xung th tc quay ca roto cng s gim v tng ng vi lng gim
cng sut nh ng nt t 3. Trong thc t khi xy ra gim tc th s gim cng sut
ca turbin s ln hn s thay i c biu din trn ng 3, bi v dng hi i qua
turbin cn ph thuc vo cu to lm vic ca ni hi v bm cp hi nc. S lm vic
ca bm ph thuc vo tn s nn tc ca bm s gim khi tn s h thng gim. iu
ny lm gim lng dng hi chy qua turbin do vy gim cng sut ca turbin s ln
hn (ng 4). Nu khi phn hi dng hi (khi nt t) trong h thng iu tc in
thy lc (hnh 2.5) c b qua, p ng ca b iu tc ch b chi phi bi hng s thi
gian ca xilanh thy lc. C b iu tc c thy lc v in thy lc c th c biu din
bng s khi n gin nh hnh 2-7a
H s hiu qu K
A
trn hnh 2.7a tng ng vi h s khuych i ca xilanh thy
lc, trong khi h s R tng ng vi h s khuych i ca vng phn hi. Bin i s
khi chuyn R vo nhnh chnh ta thu c s khi nh hnh 2.7b y TG =
1/KAR : l hng s thi gian ca b iu tc.

K
A
1
s
Ae
K
E E
E
i m
chun tai
Tc
chun
servomotor
Vtr
van, c
Turbi ne
e
c
1
1+TGs
E
1
R
Ae
E
Tc
chun
e
Tc
chun
E
Ae
1
R
i m
chun tai
e
E
c
i m
chun tai
(a)
(b)
(c)

Hnh 2.7 M hnh n gin ca h thng iu tc turbin.

S khi hnh 2.7b cho php phn tch mt cch gn ng thuc tnh tnh v ng
ca h thng iu tc. trng thi xc lp 0 , s t v s khi turbin c th c
n gin nh hnh 2.7c, P
chun
l im t ti chun c hiu nh l gi tr tng i ca
cng sut nh mc.
2.2.4.1 c tnh iu chnh tc turbin c lp:
iu chnh tc turbin c c tnh iu chnh c lp c ngha l lun gi tc
turbin l hng s c lp vi cng sut pht ra. B iu tc ny s iu khin van hi ca
turbin hi hay cng nc ca turbin nc a tn s v nh mc khi c s thay i
cng sut ti.
Tuabi n
G
Tc chun
1/s -K
A X
er
Pm
Pe
Van hi hay
cng nc
Hi nc
(nc)
e
0
Aer

Hnh 2.8 S khi b iu chnh c tnh c lp.

Tc quay rto
r
c so snh vi tc chun
0
. Tn hiu sai s
r
A ( lch tc
) c khuch i (vi h s khuych i K) v tch phn ln (khi 1/s) v cho ra tn
hiu iu khin X A tc ng ln b truyn ng ca van hi ca tuabin hi (hay cng
nc). X A s t n gi tr n nh ch khi 0 = A
r
.
Hnh 2.9 cho p ng thi gian ca mt t my pht c b iu chnh tc c c tnh
iu chnh c lp. Khi tng cng sut in P
e
lm tn s gim vi tc v mc gim
ph thuc vo qun tnh ca t my. Khi tc gim, cng sut c trn trc turbin bt u
tng.
iu ny lm gim mc gim ca tc turbin v sau gia tng tc khi cng sut
c turbin ln hn cng sut ti.Tc turbin s quay v gi tr nh mc v cng sut
turbin xc lp c gia tng mt lng bng vi lng cng sut thay i.
c tnh iu chnh tc turbin c lp c dng thch hp khi t my pht cung
cp cho mt ti c lp hay khi ch c mt my pht trong h thng c yu cu p ng
thay i ca ph ti.
phn phi cng sut gia cc t my trong h thng ta phi s dng c tnh iu
chnh tc ph thuc (c dc).

Hnh 2.9 p ng thi gian ca b iu tc c c tnh iu chnh c lp.

2.2.4.2 c tnh iu chnh tc turbin ph thuc:
c tnh iu chnh tc c lp khng th c dng khi cc t my lm vic
song song v khng th phn b cng sut n nh gia cc t my. phn phi cng
sut n nh gia hai hay nhiu my pht lm vic song song, cc b iu tc phi c c
tnh iu chnh ph thuc tc tc gim khi ti tng v ngc li.

e
0
Hi nc
(nc)
Van hi hay
cng nc
Pe
Pm
er
A X
K/s
Tc chun
G
Tuabi n
R

Hnh 2.10 S khi ca b iu chnh c c tnh ph thuc.

c tnh iu chnh ph thuc c thc hin bng cch thm vo khu phn hi tch
phn c dc R nh hnh 2.10. dc R c xc nh l t s gia lch tc
(
r
A ) hay lch tn s ( f A ) trn s gia cng sut pht ra ca t my ( P A ) hay v tr van
hi hay cng nc. R c tnh theo cng thc sau:
100 %
0
1 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

R m hay
G
P
f
R
A
= (2.2)
trong :
2
- tc xc lp khng ti

1
- tc xc lp lc y ti

0
- tc nh mc
V d: c tnh iu chnh c dc R=5%, ngha l mt lch tn s 5% lm thay
i 100% v tr ca van hi (cng nc) hay lng cng sut tc dng pht ra.
p ng thi gian ca b iu tc c c tnh ph thuc khi ti tng ln nh Hnh
2.11. V c tnh c dc nn khi tng cng sut pht ra, tc hay tn s n nh mi s
gim so vi tc lc ban u mt lng
r
f A = A
(trong n v tng i).

Hnh 2.11 c tnh iu chnh v p ng thi gian ca t my pht c c tnh iu
chnh ph thuc.
Gi tr lch ph thuc vo gi tr ca h s iu chnh R ca b iu tc. H s R cng
nh th lch ti thi im xc lp s cng nh.
2.2.4.3 p ng ca ph ti i vi s thay i tn s:
Ph ti ca h thng l tp hp tt c cc thit b in. Trong c nhng ph ti
khng thay i theo tn s nh: chiu sng, nhit v nhng ph ti thay i theo tn s
nh cc ng c ng b v khng ng b. Do xt mt cch tng qut cho h thng c
th biu din c tnh thay i ca ph ti h thng theo tn s nh sau:

r L e
D P P A + A = A (2.3)
Trong :
L
P A - thay i ca ti khng theo tn s

r
D A - thay i ca ti thay i theo tn s
D - hng s c tnh ti theo tn s, c hiu nh l s phn trm
thay i cng sut ti i vi 1% thay i tn s. D c gi tr khong t 1 n 2. Gi s D
= 2 ngha l khi tn s thay i 1% th lm cng sut ti thay i 2%.
Thay cng thc (2.3) vo cng thc (2.1) ta c:

L m
P P
dt
d
J A A = A +
r
D
(2.4)
S khi hm truyn ca phng trnh (2.4) nh sau:

Hnh 2.12: S khi m t s thay i ca tn s theo s thay i ca cng sut c
xt n nh hng ca ph ti.

-
A

m
P A

e
P A

+
E

D s T
M
+
1

Khi khng c b iu tc, p ng ca h thng theo s thay i ti ph thuc vo
hng s qun tnh v h s iu chnh ph ti. lch tc khi ti thay i s c cn
bng bi s thay i cng sut ph ti khi tn s thay i, ngha l tn s h thng s n
nh vi tn s mi khc vi tn s nh mc ban u. Gi s vi s thay i ca ti l
L
P A th lch tn s mi l :
r
= P
L
/D

Hnh 2.13 lch tn s xc lp khi khng c b iu tc.

Qu trnh dao ng tn s v cng sut trong qu trnh iu chnh s cp nh hnh
2.14. Trong ng P
G
- l ng c tnh iu chnh cng sut pht trc khi c dao
ng xy ra v ng P
G
+ l ng c tnh iu chnh cng sut pht sau khi dao ng
xy ra.
Dao ng y c xt l trng hp khi mt t my pht trong h thng b ct ra
khi li. Qua trnh dao ng xy ra bt u t im 1 l im lm vic xc lp trc khi
dao ng xy ra. Khi my pht b ct ra khi li th ng c tnh iu chnh cng sut
pht thay i tuy nhin do c qun tnh nn tn s cha gim t ngt v im lm vic
chuyn sang im 2, sau tn s ca h thng bt u gim.
Nh c ca ng c tnh iu chnh cng sut pht ca h thng m cng sut
pht ca h thng s tng ln nh d tr quay ca h thng. ng thi do h s hiu chnh
P
L

t
P
L
/D

ti theo tn s D m ti cng s b gim khi tn s gim. Hai qu trnh dao ng ny gp
nhau ti im 3 ng vi gim tn s ln nht.
Khi cng sut pht tng ln hn cng sut ti th tn s h thng s tng ln v gim ti
theo tn s cng s ht v ti li tng tr li. Do qun tnh cng sut pht tng ln ln hn
cng sut ti lm cho tn s tng ln. Sau khong thi gian qu th cng sut pht v
cng sut ti cn bng ti im 5, qu trnh iu chnh s cp kt thc.
2.2.4.4 Dao ng cng sut, tn s trong qu trnh iu chnh s cp.

0
2
3
4
5
f
P
f
t
0
1
1
3
4
3
4
2 1 P
t
P
L
P
G
-
P
G
+
A P
G
A P
L
Af
P
L P
G

Hnh 2.14 Dao ng tn s v cng sut trong qu trnh iu chnh s cp

Nh vy sau qu trnh iu chnh th cp ta thy tn s s b lch khi gi tr nh mc
mt lng f A v cng sut pht tng ln mt lng l
G
P A ng thi ph ti b gim mt
lng
L
P A . a tn s v nh mc ta cn c qu trnh iu chnh th cp a tn s
v gi tr nh mc ban u.
2.2.4.5 Nhng yu cu v iu chnh tn s s cp:
a. iu chnh s cp l bt buc:
Qua cc phn tch trn th xt v gc li iu khin s cp l bt buc. V bt c
gii php iu khin no c xem l tt nht cng khng th thc hin nu nh ngng
iu khin s cp.
b. iu khin s cp khng th hy b gii hn ph ti:
Gii hn ti lun ngn cn vic iu chnh f k A , do thao tc iu chnh theo
f k A c th b hy b bi gii hn ti. V d: Gi thit ta c mt t my vi cng sut
danh nh l 200 MW, v h s trt s = 4%.

200
50
0
0
P
f
P
P
f
f
s
A
A
=
A
A
= f P A = A 100 = f k A
By gi gi thit t my ang vn hnh ti 100 MW v gii hn cng sut ti 100
MW. Nu xut hin tt tn s (v d 0,1 Hz), v l thuyt cng sut mi s l 100 +
100 f A = 110 MW, nhng do rng buc ca gii hn ti nn iu chnh s cp s khng
thc hin c. Do vy cn trnh vn hnh nh my vi gii hn ti gn vi im t. Nh
vy gii hn ti phi nm pha trn, ty thuc vo tng loi nh my cng cao cng tt. Tt
nhin gii hn ti c s dng bo v t my chng li nhng mt cn bng chnh.
Nu nh tn s b gim qu ln, th t my khng c kh nng p ng c nu gii hn
ti khng c iu chnh ng.
c. iu chnh s cp cng nhanh cng tt: Xt t gc li th iu chnh s cp
cng nhanh cng tt. Trong trng hp mt cn bng gia cng sut pht v ti tiu th,
thao tc iu chnh nhanh s gim c tt tn s. Nng cao tnh n nh cho h thng.
d. Cn phi trnh di cht v vng lc:
Vng cht v tnh lc phi loi b trong iu chnh s cp v n l ngun gc ca
tnh tr trong iu khin s cp. Phn ng ca cc thit b ny cng l ngun gc ca s
mt n nh ca h thng in.
e. iu chnh s cp phi c thc hin tng t my:
Yu cu chung l mi t my phi tham gia vo iu khin s cp vi trt t
(2 8%), vi d tr s cp l 2,5%.
2.3 iu chnh th cp:
2.3.1 Khi nim :
Khi ph ti h thng thay i, di tc ng iu chnh s cp ca tt c cc b iu
tc. Ty thuc vo c tnh iu chnh ca turbin v c tnh ti m tn s h thng s c
mt lch no so vi tn s nh mc. a tn s v gi tr nh mc, cn thit c
nhng tc ng ca iu chnh th cp kh i nhng sai s ny. Hot ng iu chnh
th cp thc cht l iu chnh cng sut pht ca my pht hay iu chnh im t chun
ti tc l iu chnh ng c tnh iu chnh ca turbin theo h ng thng nh hnh

0
P(vt)
f (Hz)
1 0,5
C B A
48
49
50
51
52

Hnh 2.15 H c tnh iu chnh ng vi cc gi tr khc nhau ca im chun ti.

tn s 50 Hz, cng sut pht ra ca c tnh A l 0, c tnh B ng vi ti 50% v c
tnh C ng vi ti 100%. Nh th, t my lm vic tc cho trc c th iu chnh
c lng cng sut pht ra mt lng bt k bng cch thay i gi tr ca im chun
ti thng qua ng c thay i tc chun.
Khi ti h thng thay i lin tc th cng sut pht ra ca cc my pht trong h
thng cng phi t ng thay i lin tc. Do vy vic thay i im t chun ti cng
phi thc hin mt cch lin tc. Thi gian gia cc ln thay i im chun ti trong cc
h thng t ng iu chnh my pht (AGC-Automatic Generator Control) hin nay
khong vi giy.
nghin cu qu trnh iu chnh th cp ta chia vic iu chnh th cp trong h
thng in thnh hai trng hp l: trng hp h thng in c lp v h thng in
lin kt. Trong h thng in c lp th chc nng iu chnh th cp ch c tc dng l
a tn s h thng v gi tr nh mc, trong khi h thng in lin kt gia nhiu
khu vc th chc nng iu khin th cp ngoi chc nng l a tn s cc khu vc v gi
tr nh mc n cn thc hin chc nng l iu khin dng cng sut trao i gia cc
khu vc theo mt gi tr nh trc.
Mc ch ca chc nng iu chnh th cp:
- a tn s h thng v gi tr nh mc.
- iu chnh tro lu cng sut trao i gia cc khu vc theo mt k hoch xc
nh, bng cch iu chnh cng sut pht ca mt s my pht c la chn trc.
2.3.2 iu khin tn s th cp trong h thng in c lp:
Trong h thng in c lp s khng c rng buc v trao i cng sut gia cc khu vc.
Do nhim v ca chc nng iu chnh th cp l phc hi tn s v gi tr nh mc v sau
hot ng iu chnh s cp ca b iu tc (theo c tnh iu chnh ca b iu tc c dc
ca c tnh iu chnh R v h s thay i ti theo tn s D) th tn s ca h thng vn cn mt
lch so vi gi tr nh mc. Qu trnh iu chnh th cp c thc hin bng cch thm mt
tn hiu t qua khu iu khin tch phn vo b iu tc ca turbin tham gia iu chnh th cp.
c th thay i gi tr cng sut pht hay chnh l thay i im t chun ti. S
khi hot ng iu chnh th cp trong h thng in c lp nh hnh sau:

Hnh 2.16 iu chnh tn s th cp trong h thng in c lp
vi my pht 2 c la chn thc hin chc nng iu khin th cp.

Hot ng iu khin ca khu tch phn m bo lch tn s xc lp 0 ~ A
ss
f , n s
thay i cc gi tr ca im t chun ti dch chuyn ng c tnh iu chnh ca
my pht ln hay xung theo s thay i ca ph ti, nh m kh c sai s cn li
trong qu trnh iu chnh s cp. kh i lch ny th cc ng c tnh my pht
s c dch chuyn ln pha trn theo tng nc. Sau mt s bc dch chuyn ta c im
lm vic mi s l im 6. Ti im lm vic mi ny tn s h thng s bng gi tr nh
mc v qu trnh iu chnh th cp cng kt thc.
Bi u tc cua
tmay 1
Bi u tc cua
tmay 2
Tuabi n 1
Tuabi n 2
E
1/(2Hs+D)
E
1/R
1
1/R
2
-K
I
/s
E
A P
m1
A P
m2
A P
L i m chun
tai cua may
phat 1
May phat 1
May phat 2
Ae
CHNG II:
KHO ST H THNG IU TC NH MY THY IN A
NHIM
I. Gii thiu tng quan v nh my
1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v hot ng
- Nh my thy in a Nhim l mt cng trnh thy in ca Vit Nam c xy dng
trn sng a Nhim. y l cng trnh thy in u tin, nm nc thang trn cng, khai
thc tim nng thy in ca h thng sng ng Nai, nm gip ranh gia tnh Lm
ng v Ninh Thun.

Hnh 2.1 H cha ca nh my thy in a Nhim
- Nh my thy in a Nhim c khi cng xy dng vo thng 1 nm 1962 n thng
12 nm 1964 vi s ti tr ca Chnh ph Nht Bn. Nh my c tng cng sut thit k
lp t l 160 MW gm 4 t my, sn in lng bnh qun hng nm khong 1 t kWh.
Tuy nhin theo thi gian, cc thit b v ng dy ca nh my c dn khin cho n
khng th hot ng vi y cng sut thit k. Nm 1996, Chnh ph Vit Nam quyt
nh xut 66,54 triu USD ci to li thit b v ng dy trong c 7 t Yn (48,6
triu dollar) l vn vay u i t Nht Bn, 2,9 triu Dollar l vn i ng trong nc, cn
li l ca cc nh ti tr quc t khc.
- Ti ch hp lu ca sng Krng Lt vo sng a Nhim th trn n Dng (Lm
ng), ngi ta xy h a Nhim ( cao trn 1000 m so vi mc nc bin, rng 11-12
km v dung tch l 165 triu m nc) cung cp nc cho nh my. p ngn nc ca
h di gn 1500 m, cao gn 38 m, y p rng 180 m, mt p rng 6 m. y h c mt
ng hm thy p di 5 km xuyn qua lng ni ni ti hai ng thy p bng hp kim dc
45, di 2040 m v ng knh trn 1 m mi ng. Nc t h a Nhim theo h thng thy
p ny xung ti h thng 4 tuc bin sng Krng Pha (sng Pha) cao 210 m.
- Nh my cung cp in cho cc tnh Lm ng, Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun v Khnh
Ha thng qua cc ng dy 110 kV v ha vo h thng quc gia thng qua ng dy
230 kV. ng thi, nc t thy in a Nhim cung cp mi nm hn 550 triu mt khi
nc phc v ti tiu cho hn 20.000 ha t canh tc ca tnh Ninh Thun, vn l mt
tnh c lng ma trung bnh hng nm thp nht Vit Nam.

Hnh2.2 Trm v ng dy 110kV, 220kV ca nh my

1.2 Cng trnh ca nh my
1.2.1. Cac cong tr nh thuylc:
a. Hocha:
+ Hocha nc cho nhamay a nhi m nam huyen n Dng tnh Lam ong
cach nhamay khoang 20 km vehng Tay. Hocha l ay nc thai con song chnh l a
song a nhi m va song Krongl et.
+ ac tnh tong quat cua hocha:
- Di en tch l u vc : 775km2.
- Thetch ho: * Ln nhat : 165 tri eu m3 (ng vi MNH 1042m)
* Hu dung : 150 tri eu m3.
- Di en tch hoEL1042m : 9,7km2.
- Mc nc dang bnh thng : EL1042m.
- Mc nc chet : EL1018m.
- Mc nc gi a cng : EL1043,2m
- Lu l ng l uthi et ke : 4500m3/s.
- Lu l ng l uti han : 5500m3/s.
- ocao cot nc: * Cao nhat : 799m.
* Hu dung: 741m.
- Ki eu i eu ti et hocha : i eu ti et nam
b/ K et cau ap:
ap ngan nc c xay dng engan chan dong nc tao hocha. ap phai c
tnh toan eam bao oben vng di tac dung cua mc nc hotrong ap.
ac tnh tong quat cua ap:
- Ki eu : ap at nen chat.
- Chi eu cao:* Ln nhat : 38m.
* Trung bnh : 34m.
- Chi eu dai (tren nh) : 1450m.
- Chi eu rong: * Tren nh : 6m.
* Chan ap : 180m.
- Cao trnh nh ap : 1045,500 m
- odoc : * Thng l u: 1:2,51:3
* Hal u : 1:1,81:2
- Thetch ap :3.609.000m3.
- Lu l ng nc tham thau at c sau khi xay dng 70l t/s.

20500
nh ap
E
L
= 1045,5
6000
Khoi l ang
tru
65000
40000
Soi vacat l n hat tao
thanh ng xanc
tham thau trung tam
Hang cthep
Kenh dan nc at cach
nhau 20000
Lp cat & soi cho
chan ap 1000
80 cm aat tren 30cm ava
soi (l p l oc)
Kenh thoat nc sn ap
Cac l p 15cm cat,
at set, at nen chat
2000
H nh 2.3 Ket cau ap.
V ap coket cau chuyeu l aat nen cohi en tng tham thau nc qua than ap.
engan nga hi en tng nay ngi ta l am nh sau:
- Pha thng l u cua ap c l p mot l p at khong tham.
- Doc theo chi eu dai cua ap cong xanc tham thau trung tam bang soi va
cat l n hat, kch thc ng xal a6000 2000. Tcac kenh nay cocac kenh dan nc
tham thau en ong dan nc ngam at chan ap pha hal u. Cac kenh dan cach nhau
20 m.
- Cac gi eng c xay dng doc chan ap pha ha l u etap trung nc tham
thau, tranh s phahoai hay an mon ap. Sol ng gi eng l a26, l am bang betong uc,
ng knh 3m, chi eu cao 1m.
- etang cng oben ap, ngi ta cau tao mot hang coc thep doc theo than
ap. Cac coc nay ac bi et hu hi eu oi vi nhng vtr yeu, ni nc tham thau nhi eu.
c. ap tr an:
ap tran nam pha btrai cua ap. el i dung nen asan copha di , ket cau ap
tran c chon l al oai bengang hep, chi eu cao l n.
Cac thong sochnh cua cong trnh xal u:
- Ca tran : rong 51,5m; Dai : 142 m; Cao trnh ngng tran : 1029,2m.
- Ca xatran : gom co4 ca hnh cung, ban knh cong : 15m, kch thc moi
ca: (11,0m x13,7m). Cao trnh canh tren cua ca khi ong hoan toan : 1042,8 m; om
ca max : 11m. Van toc ong mca : 0,5 m/phut.
- Lu l ng xathi et ke: 4500 m
3
/s tng ng mc nc ho1042,8m vaom
ca max.
- ong c keo ca: moi ca comot ong c AC ekeo ca 19kW, 3| 380V.
El =1042

1
3
6
0
0
El =1029,2
El =1045,5

E
l
=1035
El =992
Knh vo

Hnh 2.4 : Ca ap tr an.

Ca tran l adang xoay vacotheong mbang i en tphong i eu khi en hay tai
cho, trng hp can thi et cotheong mbang tay. ong c keo ca gan ong truc vi
trong ti cogan cap thep thong qua bol y hp.
Phan ha l u ap tran keo dai 86,221m, odoc 12
0
vacuoi l ahoti eu nang. Hai
ben l atng betong cot thep engan nga s phahoai cua dong nc conang l ng
l n.
Bang 1.1: ac tnh vekhanang xacua cac ca mc nc ho1042m:
omca (m) 1 ca (m
3
/s) 4 ca (m
3
/s)
1,9 230 920
4,7 500 2000
11 1050 4200
d. K enh dan nc :
- Xay bang betong, chi eu rong : 18m; chi eu dai : 310 m; cao trnh ay kenh :
1014,5m.
e. Thuykhau :
Gom hai ca l ay nc, kch thc moi ca : cao 10m, ngang 8m. Cao otren cua
ca nhan nc: 1024,5m; Cao odi cua ca nhan nc: 1014,5m. Moi ca c gan
mot ca chan rac conh cao 10m, ngang 8m gom nhi eu thanh sat 12 x100 mm, cach
khoang 100mm.
Ham l ay nc nam hal u ca chan rac, dai 25m, ti et di en hnh mong nga, odoc
: 1/ 2.
+ Gi eng i eu khi en : gi eng i eu khi en ca thuy khau va2 ca chan rac di ong
c xay bang betong cot thep, hnh ong tron. Kch thc u4,8m cao 49m. Cao oay
gi eng : 1002,5m. Cao ophong i eu khi en : 1051,5m.
+ Hethong ca rac di ong gom 2 l i rac : trong omot cai l am nhi em vu chan
vavt rac, con mot cai cotac dung chan rac khi cai ki a c keo l en.
Ca rac di ong cokch thc 3,6m x 3,6m, gom nhi eu thanh thep pl ate 90mm x
9mm, xep cach nhau 60mm, c nang ha bang ong c 380V, 3u, 2,2Kw hoac quay
tay, moi l an i eu khi en mot ca.
- Tai trong nang : 4,93 tan.
- Toc onang : 0,7 m/ ph.
- Chi eu cao nang : 43 m.
Mot ong c i en c trang bchung cho hoat ong cua 2 ca rac, thong qua 2 he
thong ti nang, cothechuyen oi vi ec noi ket vi phan dan ong.
Mot c cau quay tay cung c trang bchung cho 2 ca rac. S chuyen oi hoat
ong gi a ong c vabang tay, cung nh ththoat ong cua 2 l i rac c thc hi en
nh4 l y hp i eu khi en bang tay gat, at 2 au vao va2 au ra cua HGT banh rang.
+ Ca Thuy khau : cao 4,02m rong 4,2m nang 18,3 tan. Lam bang thep tam
day 14mm. V cot nc tac dung cao, nen ca c thi et ketheo dang ca coxch con
l an, l am kn bang j oi nt cao su 4 canh pha thng l u. Ca covan can bang u300mm,
i eu khi en bang ong c 380V, 3u; 7,5Kw hoac quay tay.
Toc onang : 0,7 m/ ph
Chi eu cao nang : 5m va43m.
Xch truyen ong nang ca gom mot HGT truc vt vahai botruyen ong banh rang
ong c en hai trong quay. Mot trong quay c trang bmot cdng khoa l i en ong.
Mot khoa l i en ong khac trang bcho tay quay nang.
+ Ham thuy khau : dai 102,95m, chi a l am 2 oan :
- oan thng l u : tham l ay nc en truc gi eng i eu khi en, ti et di en hnh
mong nga dai 50m, cao 3,6m, rong 3,6m.
- oan ha l u : ttruc gi eng i eu khi en en au ham dan nc, ti et di en hnh
tron u3,4m , dai 52,95m, odoc : 1/ 3.
e. Ham dan nc - Ham xa- Gieng giai ap:
+ Ham dan nc:
ng ham noi l i en gi a Thuy khau vi ng ong thuy ap, cochi eu dai tong cong
4.840,5m. ng ham coti et di en hnh tron vi ng knh u3,4 m.
ng ham co3 oan, vi chi eu dai :
- oan ham so1 : 2216,77 m.
- oan ham so2 : 2307,73 m.
- oan ham so3 : 316,02 m.
Cao otam truc au ham : 993,2m , cuoi ham 990,4m. odoc cua ng ham 1/
1000.
Do chu ap l c nen nhng chomai eu ki en abphan huy vakhong chac chan
th c obetong vi beday t25 en 45 cm, chi a l am 7 l oai tuy theo i eu ki en a
chat. Phan ham phai obetong gi a co: 1.100,7 m.
Nhng phan maocol p abao quanh khong bnt nevakn an toan th ch
phun va xi mang. Chi eu dai phan nay : 614 m.
+ Ham xa
Renhanh tng ham chnh ti bthung l ung ben trai , nham xavara ng
ham. ng ham xac dung en, khi phai ngng ng ham eki em tra ben trong
ng ham hay sa cha van bm tai nhavan.
- Chi eu dai ham xa: 169,3 m.
- Ti et di en ham : hnh mong nga rong 2 m, cao 2,5 m.
- Ong xa: gom 2 ong vao bang thep d = 0,6 m, l = 23,9 m, moi ong vao co: mot van
bm / k : d = 0.6 m vamot van ca d = 0.6 m. Mot ong xachnh d = 1,2 m , l = 151,9
m dan nc xathai ong tren ra khe nui .
+ Gieng giai ap :
Gi eng thuy gi ao oan cuoi cua ng ham dan nc, conhi em vu bao veng
ham khoi tac dung cua hi en tng thuy kch vacung nham i eu hoa ap l c trong ng
ong trong thi gi an gi ao thi khi cat tai hay ong tai ot ngot.
Nobao gom : khoang tren, truc gi ao vakhoang di .
- Mc nc gi ao cao :EL 1049,15m
- Mc nc gi ao thap :EL 995,00m
- nh cua bon :EL 1049,15m
- Tam khoang di :EL 996,70m
- ay ng ham ben di bon: EL 989,00.m
Khoang tren : bon tron l othi en d = 18 m, h = 10 m, col i ay kn.
Truc dang nc : hnh trutron, d = 4 m, h = 55,2 m tnh ng ham.
Khoang di : nam ngang thang goc vi ham dan nc, hnh tru tron ngam trong
at, d = 3,4 m, l = 40 m (moi ben 20m)
Buong tren cokhanang cha unc eap ng khi cat tai ot ngot. Khoang di
cokhanang ap ng sgi a tang tai tphan na cho en ay tai .
Gi eng thuy gi ao c xay bang betong, chi eu day betong cua khoang tren vatruc
gi ao : 30 cm, cua khoang di 40 cm.
ng ham chu ap ben di gi eng gi ao bat au ti em 10m ben di tng
ham xati i em au cua ng ham ong thuy ap, coten l ang ham thuy gi ao. Noco
chi eu dai l = 58.593 m val p betong ay day 35 cm.
f. Ham ong thuy ap Nhavan:
+ Nhavan :
Do oan ng ham tgi eng thuy gi ao trxuong col p at t nhi en mong cosc
chong yeu hn ap l c nc nen ngi ta phai xay dng mot ng ham ong thuy ap
dai khoang 86 m bat au ti em cach gi eng thuy gi ao 24,65 m vamot ng ong thuy
ap c at trong o. ng ham codang hnh mong nga cao 4 m, rong 4 m vac
vi en l p betong day 35 cm.
Ong thuy ap at ben trong dai 86m, cong knh trong 2.8 m vachi eu day 11mm,
l am bang l oai thep JI S SM 41B.
oan ong nay c gi bi Bl ock neo betong N
0
1 va2 goi ta cach nhau 36m, cuoi
ong corenhanh Y vao 2 van bm.
Nhavan c xay dng au ra cua ng ong thuy ap tren, trong obotr 2 van
bm cho 2 ng ong thuy ap, chung conhi em vu mnc cho Nhamay phat vacat
nc cap cho ben di khi ng ong bh hong hoac khi can sa cha ben trong ong.
Nhavan c xay dng bang betong, cao 6 m, rong 6 m, dai 10 m.
Trong nhavan moi ong thuy ap c trang bmot i em gi an n, mot van thong kh
tong d = 600mm vamot van bm d = 2000mm, van bm covan can bang d = 300
mm enap nc vao ng ong can bang ap l c trc khi mvan bm. Van bm
c i eu khi en ong txa tnhamay vaong mtai nhavan.Vi ec ong van bm l a
nhoi trong vaml anhhai bobm dau 70 Kg/cm
2
c keo bi hai ong c i en
380V, 750 W. oi trong l am bang gang uc vanonoi bang xch vi canh tay on. Canh
tay on c gan tren truc van sao cho moment xoan gay ra l anhonhat khi pi ston m
val n nhat khi pi ston ong.
+ ng ong thuy ap :
ng ong thuy ap dan nc tnhavan en nhamay. Thac nc tao ra tren ng
ong dan nay l akhoang 800 m.
Hai ng ong c l am bang thep vi chi eu dai moi ong : 2250 m. Lu l ng thi et
kechay trong ong l a13.2 m
3
/ s.
Tnhavan en Bl ock 4 ng ong coodoc khoang 23
0
, tBl ock 4 en Bl ock 6 co
odoc 45
0
vagi am nhi eu khi en gan nhamay.
ng knh trong cua ong gi am dan t: 2m 1.9m 1.8m 1.7m 1.65m 1.6m
1.55m - 1.5 m thong qua 7 noi gi am knh ong tai cac v tr gi a BL3-BL4, BL4-BL5,
BL5-BL6, BL7-BL8, BL9-BL10, BL11-BL12, BL13-BL14. en nhanh rehnh cau th
ng knh trong cua ong nhanh : 1.050m, gi am xuong 1m tai van chnh moi tomay. Be
day ong tang dan t9 en 38 mm doc theo ng ong.
ng ong thuy ap c neo tai nhng chouon cong bang cac bl ock betong. Cotat
ca15 bl ock, anh sot2 16 ttren xuong. Ngoai ra, ong thuy ap con c chong
bang cac vong at tren cac goi ta cach khoang 20 m, phan bonh sau :
BL 2 BL 3 : 5 goi ta
Moi ong c l ap at :
- 15 khp noi co gi an va15 l ochui tai cac Bl ock neo.
- 1 van thong gi o( Van xakh tong ) tai ngay sau van bm.
- 1 van xakh tai ngay nga3 revao 2 tomay.
- 1 van xang ong tai trc van chnh cua moi tomay.
- Thanh trong ong c bao vechong rvagi am ma sat bang l p sn ac bi et ( coal tar
enamel hoac epoxy ) day 3 4mm. Ben ngoai ong c sn phu4 l p sn l an l t t
trong ra : o nau nau bac bac.
1.2.2. Cong tr nh ien :
- Nhamay bao go4 to may moi tococong suat 45MW . i en ap phat ra 13,2kV qua 4
may bi en ap chnh T1 ,T2 ,T3 ,T4 bi en oi thanh i en ap 230kV tthanh cai TC21
(TC22 )
- 2 phat tuyen 230kV i Nha Trang , Bao Loc
+ 271: a Nhi m- Bao Loc
+ 272: a Nhi m - Nha Trang

- Qua may bi en ap 9T , 10T cho ra 5 phat tuyen 110kV khac nh :
+ 171: a Nhi m- aLat
+ 172: a Nhi m- c Trong
+ 173: a Nhi m- Thap Cham
+ 174: a Nhi m- Song Pha
+175: a Nhi m- Cam Ranh
- Ngoai ra con cocac phat tuyen khac nh :
+ 471: a Nhi m- Can Rang (n Dng), Suoi vang
+ 571: TSP-Ni nh Sn
+ 671: TN-TSP
+ 672: TN-(c xaa Nhi m + NhaVan)
+ 673: TN-Tram Loc

1.2.3. Thit b in, my in thng s v c tnh k thut
1.2.3.1. Phan c :
a. Tur bine:
- Hi eu: Toshi ba.
- Ki eu: Pel ton truc ngang, 1 banh xe cong tac, 2 ki m.
- Cot nc tnh toan: 720 m.
- Cong suat nh mc: 42.000 KW (cot nc 720 m).
- Toc onh mc: 500 rpm.
- Toc ol ong toc cho phep cot nc 799 m: 920 rpm.
- Lu l ng nh mc qua turbi ne: 6,65 m3/s
- Hi eu suat nh mc: 89,5 %.
- Ap l c gi a tang toi a trong ong thuyl c khi cat tai 168 MW:120m.
- Banh xe cong tac (runner):
+ Hi eu: Toshi ba.
+ ng knh: 2040 m.
+ Socanh gau: 21.
+ Trong l ng: 8.1 tan.
+ Cao trnh tam banh xe cong tac: 244.02 m
+ Cao trnh cua i em thap nhat cua banh xe cong tac: 243 m
+ Cao trnh mc nc ho: 1042 m - 1018 m
+ Cao trnh mc nc tai l race: max 240 m; mi n 237,4 m
- omtoi a cua can gat (def l ector): 380 mm
- omcan gat khi may khong tai : < 234 mm (# 62 %)
- omcan gat khi may 40 MW: khoang 367 mm (# 97%)
- omtoi a cua ki m: 135 mm
- omki m khi may 40 MW: khoang 92 mm (# 68%)
b. Van chnh (inlet valve):
- Ki eu van cau gom 3 phan: van bypass; van seat & mai n val ve
- Hi eu: Toshi ba.
- ng knh: 1000mm.
- Chi eu dai : 1960mm.
- Van bypass: ki eu ki m 80 mm.
- Thi gi an ong/mvan cau hoan toan: 70s 100 s.
- Thi gi an ong/mvan bypass hoan toan: 30s + 5s.
- Chu trnh m: Bypass - Seat - Mai n val ve.
- Chu trnh ong: Mai n val ve - Seat Bypass.
c. Hethong dau ap lc:
- Loai dau: I SO VG-46
- Dung l ng dau: 2400 l
- Bon dau ap l c:
- Thetch: 1500l t (dau 500 l t, kh 1000 l t).
- Di en tch mat cat ngang (ben trong): 785,4 cm2. (D = 1000 mm)
- Chi eu cao: 2224 mm
- Ap l c dau toi a bnh thng: 7,0 Mpa
- Ap l c dau toi thi eu bnh thng (63Q1): 6,6 Mpa (reset 6,2 Mpa)
- Ap l c dau toi thi eu cho phep: 4,7 Mpa (van cokhanang i eu khi en)
- Ap l c dau thap bao ong (63Q2): 6,0 Mpa (reset 6,6 Mpa)
- Ap l c dau cao bao ong (63QH): 7,45 Mpa (reset 6,8 Mpa)
- Ap l c dau thap tri p may (63Q3): 5,6 Mpa (reset 6,6 Mpa)
- Ap l c dau cao mvan an toan & ngng bm (63QPH): 8,0 Mpa (reset 7,1
Mpa)
- Ap l c dau chay bm chnh (63Q5): 6,6 Mpa (reset 7,0 Mpa)
- Ap l c dau chay bm dphong (63Q4): 6,4 Mpa (reset 6,8 Mpa)
- Ap l c dau nap kh (63QAP): 6,7 Mpa (reset 7,1 Mpa ket hp vi mc dau cao
33QPA)
- Mc dau thap nhat bnh thng: 816mm.
- Mc dau cao bao ong (33QPH): 1020 mm (reset 995 mm).
- Mc dau cao cho nap kh (33QPA): 895 mm (reset 876 mm).
- Mc dau thap bao ong (33QPL1): 615 mm (reset 640 mm).
- Mc dau thap tri p may & ngng 2 bm (33QPL2): 517 mm (reset 532 mm).
- Lng dau rcho phep: < 10 l /ph (bnh thng < 2l /ph)
- Bon dau xa(sump tank):
+ Thetch: 2500 l t.
+ Kch thc (dai x rong x cao): 2620 x 1320 x 900 mm
+ Nhi et ocao bao al arm: 500C.
+ Mc dau cao bao ong (33QSH): 465 mm (reset 462 mm).
+ Mc dau thap al arm (33QSL): 250 mm (reset 252 mm).
+Lu l ng nc l am mat dau (69WQ): 30l /ph (al arm: 10 l /ph; reset 13,5 l /ph)
- Bon dau r:
+ Kch thc (dai x rong x cao): 880 x 700 x 950 mm (khong kechan e)
+ Mc dau cao bao ong (33QLH): 800 mm (tnh tay bon)
- Bm ong c:
+ ong c: 380V- 3P-30KW-59A-1455 rpm.
+ Bm : truc vt - 7 Mpa - 116 l t/ph.
- Bm Turbi ne nho:
+ Turbi ne nho: 1000 rpm - cot ap 350 m - l u l ng 0,0131 m3/s
+ Bm: truc vt - 7 Mpa - 85 l t/ph.
- Bm dau r:
+ ong c: 380VAC - 4P - 0,75 kW - 1,76A- 1430 rpm
+ Bm: banh rang an khp trong - 0,3Mpa 37l /ph
d. Hethong dau boi tr n, nang tr uc:
- Loai dau: I SO VG-46
- Dung l ng dau: 1600 l
- Thetch bon dau: 1800 l t
- Trong l ng vo: 630 kg
- Ap l c dau boi trn: thi et ke0,5 Mpa; nh mc 0,3 Mpa al arm 0,2Mpa
- Ap l c dau nang truc: thi et ke13 Mpa; nh mc 6,8 Mpa.
- Lu l ng nc l am mat dau: nh mc 28 m3/h (al arm 17m3/h reset 19,5m3/h).
- Bm AC (master):
- ong c: 380 VAC- 3P-3,7 KW- 8,3A - 1450 rpm.
- Bm: banh rang 0,3 Mpa - 220 l t/ph.
- Bm DC (stanby):
- ong c: 220 VDC - 3 KW- 18A - 1450 rpm.
-Bm: banh rang 0,3 Mpa - 220 l t/ph.
-Bm nang truc: moi goi 1 bm.
- ong c: 220 VDC 1,5 KW- 8,2 A- 1500 rpm.
-Bm ban h rang 13 Mpa - 3 l t/ph.
e. Goi tr uc: gom 2 goi pha tur bine & pha SSG
- Goi turbi ne:
+ Kch thc (d x r x c): 1018 x 1400 x 1719 mm.
+ ng knh truc: 850mm.
+ Lng dau trong goi : 190 l i t
+ Lu l ng dau boi trn: nh mc 165l t/phut; al arm 99 l /ph (60% m)
- Goi SSG:
+ Kch thc (d x r x c): 836 x1146 x 1554 mm.
+ ng knh truc: 650mm.
+ Lng dau trong goi : 184 l i t
+ Lu l ng dau boi trn nh mc: 60l t/phut; al arm 36 l /ph (60% m)
+ Nhi et ol am vi ec cho phep cua goi : 65
o
C.
f. Hethong nc lam mat tomay.
-Nhi et otoi a cho phep cua nc l am mat : 30 oC
- sol ng bm cap nc (CWP): 4
- Bm: ki eu l y tam 8,9m3/ph 42 m.
- ong c: 380VAC 3P - 95KW 175A 1275 rpm
- ong c xoay l i l oc: 380VAC - 0,4KW.
- ong c xaay bol oc: 380VAC - 0,2KW.
- ong c van goc nc: 220VDC - 0,27KW 2,3 A.
- Tram l oc 1:
+ 1 Bon tron chnhat: 25m x 3m x 2,1m.
+ 5 Bon l oc bang thep hnh trungang: 2,8m x 9,25m.
+ 2 Bon cha hnh trung: 11,6m x 3 m (# 317 m
3
/bon).
+5 Bm l oc: 380V - 3P - 22KW- 43A.
+1 Bm suc: 380V 3P - 37KW- 71A.
- Lu l ng nc l am mat trung bnh cho 1 tomay (may phat + boi trn +
sumptank): 80 + 28 + 1 = 109 m3/h
- Thi gi an duy tr cap nc bnh thng cho 4 tomay khi truc trac hel am mat
ma2 bon cha ay: 634 109 x 4 # 1h30mn
g. Boieu toc:
- Hi eu: TOSMAP-GS/RE0XP phi en ban 5.2E cua Toshi ba
- Ki eu: US 19AG29
- Cau truc: 2 PLC 1 master & 1 standby
- Cau truc 1 PLC:
+ 1 board CPU: DDCP03G011
+ 1 board anal og i nput: DI FS02G002 : nhan tn hi eu toc o
+ 3 board anal og i nput/output: XVGX02G008: gi ao ti ep & i eu khi en 2 ki m, can
gat, van i eu khi en can gat
+ 1 board anal og output: AOC15G003
+ 1 board di gi tal i nput: DI C10G021
+ 1 board di gi tal output: DOS10G021
- C cau chap hanh: servo dau ap l c
- Nguon cung cap: 2 nguon 220 VAC 1 pha & 220 VDC cho tng PLC
- May phat toc: gan ong truc vi may phat: 500 rpm 1 kHz; 2 output: xung vuong
& si n.
- Fi nal speed drop: 12% => Permanent speed drop # 4,4%
- Dai at mc toc o(speed l evel ): 0 + 110% khi hoa l i (65P) & +15% khi khong
hoal i (65F)
- Bi en oi en ap i eu khi en: + 2V
- Thi gi an ong mki m: 50 + 5 sec
- Thi gi an ong/mcan gat: 2 + 0,2 sec / 20 + 10 sec
1.2.3.2 Phan ien:
a. M ay phat
- Hi eu: Mi tsubi shi .
- Ki eu: ong bo3 pha, truc ngang, cc tl oi .
- Socc t: 12.
- Tan so: 50Hz.
- Toc onh mc: 500 rpm
- Chi eu quay (nhn tpha turbi ne): ngc chi eu ki m ong ho
- Cong suat bi eu ki en nh mc: 45.000KVA.
- i en ap nh mc: 13,2KV.
- Hesocong suat nh mc: 0,89.
- Dong i en stator nh mc: 1968A.
- Dong i en rotor nh mc: 580A.
- Momen quan tnh (GD2): 365,72 ton.m
2
.
- Hi eu suat nh mc: 98,33%.
- Tsongan mach: > 1,2
- omeo dang song khi hmach: <5%
- i en khang:
+ i en khang ong bodoc truc X
d
: 77,3%
+ i en khang thtnghch X
2
: 21,3%
+ i en khang thtkhong X
0
: 9,7%
+ i en khang quaodoc truc X
d
: 25%
+ i en khang si eu quaodoc truc X
d
: 17%
+i en khang ong bongang truc X
q
: 23%
- ng knh ben ngoai stator: 4900 mm
- odai l oi thep stator: 1850 mm
- i en trcuon day stator 75
o
C: 0,0072 Ohm
- Mat odong i en l n nhat trong day dan tai & ap nh mc: 2,3A/mm
2

- Cam ng tl n nhat rang stator: 14700 gauss
- Somach song song trong 1 pha: 1
- Soranh: 126
- Cach i en: l p F
- ng knh ben ngoai l n nhat cua rotor: 2889 mm
- Trong l ng rotor: 117 tan
- Chi eu dai truc: 8.110m.
- ng knh truc l n nhat: 1080 mm
- Lu l ng gi otrong may phat: 2.300m
3
/phut.
- Lu l ng nh mc nc l am mat gi omay phat: 2.400l /phut (#144m
3
/h).
- Lu l ng toi thi eu nc l am mat gi omay phat: 80 m
3
/h.
- ogi a tang nhi et ocho phep cua cuon day: 75 K
- Nhi et otoi a cho phep cua gi ora bol am mat: 40
o
C
- Cong suat bosi : 27KW.
b. M ay bien ap chnh
- Hi eu: DAI HEN.
- Cong suat nh mc: 45.000KVA
- Sopha: 3
- Tan so: 50Hz
- i en ap/dong i en nh mc:
+ Pha cao ap: 230KV/113A.
+ Pha haap: 13,2KV/1968A.
- Trong l ng tong: 75.100 Kg.
- Khoi l ng dau: 19.400 l t.
- Tonoi day: Ynd1.
- Cac nac i en ap pha cao ap: (oi nac khong tai )
Nac 1 2 3 4 5
U
m
(KV ) 242 236 230 224 218
I
m
(A) 107 110 113 116 119
- Mc cach i en:
+ Xung: pha 230kv: 1050KV, pha 13,2 kv: 95KV.
+ Tan so50Hz
- Ki eu l am mat: dau tuan hoan cng bc, quat cng bc (ODAF)
+ Bm dau: 3KW 380V (3 bm).
+ Quat: 2,5KW 380V (3 quat).
- Nhi et omoi trng cho phep: -25
o
C +45
o
C
- Dung l ng dau: 19400 l i t
- Loai dau: Jomo
- Ki eu l am kn: tui cao su
- Bi en dong au s:
+ Pha trung tnh cuon 230 kV: 100/A, 30VA, 25KA trong 3s, 5P20
+ Pha B cuon 230 kV: 119/4.3, 5.0, 5.7, 6.4, 7.1 A dung eo nhi et ocuon day
c. M BA kch t:
- Hi eu: ABB
- Ni san xuat: Korea.
- Loai kho, trong nha
- Cong suat nh mc: 450 KVA.
- Sopha: 3.
- Tan so: 50Hz.
- i en ap nh mc:
+ Pha cao ap: 13,2 KV + 2 x 2,5% (oi nac khong tai )
Nc 1 2 3 4 5
U
m
( V ) 13860 13530 13200 12870 12540
+ Pha h p: 410 V
- Dong i en nh mc (HV/LV): 19,7/633,7 A
- Trong l ng tong: 2500 kg.
- Tonoi day: Ynd1.
- Mc cach l y: F/F
+ Xung: pha 13,2 kv: 75 KV .
+ Tan so50Hz: pha 13,2 kv: 28KV, pha 410V: 3KV.
- Ki eu l am mat: gi otnhi en (AN)
- otang nhi et ocuon day cho phep: 100 K (F cl ass)
d. Hekch t:
- Loai : MEC 600 di gi tal AVR cua Mi subi shi el ectri c corp
- Ki eu kenh kep: 1 master 1 reduntdant
- Cac thong sonh mc 128,1 KW; 183V; 700 A
- i en ap & dong kch tnh mc (UF = 13,2 KV & S = 45MVA): 158,7V/614A
- Cap chnh xac cua i en ap: 0,5 %
- Thi gi an l ay mau: 10 ms
- Chnh l u:
+ Sobochnh l u: 2 (1 dphong: redundant)
- Ki eu: chnh l u toan cau 3 pha dung thyri stor l oai FT1000BV70
+ Dong i en thuan trung bnh: 1000A.
+ i en ap ngc chu ng: 3.500V
- May cat kch t:
+ Ki eu: AT12 (may cat kh AC)
+ i en ap nh mc: 690V.
+ Dong i en nh mc: 1250A.
+ Dong cat: 45KA.
- Quat l am mat: 2 x 1,5 kW - 200 VAC (1 dphong)
- Nguon cung cap:
+ AC cho i eu khi en: 220 V 2 kVA
+ DC cho i eu khi en: 220 V 3 kW
+ AC cho si , chi eu sang: 220 V 3 x 120 W.
+DC cho mach kch moi : 220 V 11 kW
- Pham vi i eu chnh i en ap:
+ CheoAuto: + 5% Uf m(13,2kv) khi mang tai & t50% - 110% Uf m khi khong
tai .
+ CheoManu: 25% khong tai en 120% tai nh mc.
+ Cap chnh xac i en ap: + 0,5%.
II /. Tng quan v b iu tc ca nh my thy in a Nhim
2.1 B iu tc:
2.1.1. Cc thng s k thut ca b iu tc
1. Hiu: TOSMAP-GS/RE0XP phin bn 5.2E ca Toshiba
2. Kiu: US 19AG29
3. Cu trc: 2 PLC 1 master & 1 standby
4. Cu trc 1 PLC:
- 1 board CPU: DDCP03G011
- 1 board analog input: DIFS02G002 : nhn tn hiu tc
- 3 board analog input/output: XVGX02G008: giao tip & iu khin
2 kim, cn gt, van iu khin cn gat.
- 1 board analog output: AOC15G003
- 1 board digital input: DIC10G021
- 1 board digital output: DOS10G021
5. C cu chp hnh:
- Servo du p lc
6. Ngun cung cp:
- Gm 2 ngun 220 V
AC
1 pha & 220 V
DC
cho

tng PLC
7. My pht tc:
- c gn ng trc vi my pht: 500 rpm 1 kHz,
- 2 output: xung vung & sin.
8. Final speed drop:
12% => Permanent speed drop # 4,4%
9. Di t mc tc (speed level):
- 0 + 110% khi ha li (65P)
& +15% khi khng ho li (65F)
10. Bin in p iu khin: + 2V
11. Thi gian ng m kim : 50 + 5 sec
12. Thi gian ng/m cn gt: 2 + 0,2 sec / 20 + 10 sec
2.1.2. Cc thnh phn, cu trc ca b iu tc.
1. Mch cm nhn tc :
- Bao gm my pht tc & cc relay tc
1.1. My pht tc:(Speed Signal Generator : SSG)
- c lp t ti v tr trn cng ca trc my pht. SSG bao gm cc phn chnh: mt
bnh rng d, v 3 b cm nhn t l thit b o tc quay ca trc my pht nh m
s lng cc rng i qua b cm nhn trong mt n v thi gian. 2 b cung cp cho 2
knh ca b iu tc, 1 b cung cp cho relay tc & qua transducer 0-2 KHz / 4-20mA
cp tn hiu cho ng h tc & PLC. Tn hiu 0-500 rpm s c bin i thnh tn
hiu hnh sin tn s 0Hz -1000 Hz cp cho 2 knh ca b iu tc. Tn hiu cp cho relay
tc dng xung vung 0 Hz - 1000 Hz.

Hnh 2.5 Cu to my pht tc SSG vi 3 u d
1.2. Relay tc : c 2 dng c & in.
- Relay c: dng tip im ly tm b contact gn ng trc my pht cng pha vi SSG.
Khi tc t my > 128% nh mc. tip im ny m, relay 12-2MX reset, gi tn
hiu vt tc n relay 029XR (t 0*GTA002AR).
- Relay in: gm 2 ci, nhn tn hiu t xung vung t SSG qua b cp ngun PWS-N
( loi YDCS-02A ). B ny nhm gip cho bin xung ra n nh ( 13V ) khi bin
xung u vo thay i (+30-(-20)% nh mc).


Hnh 2.6 Hai Relay tc trn t iu khin

- Cc tn hiu ca relay in :
12 : khi tc N > 600 rpm (120 % nh mc), 12X ON
13 : khi tc N > 450 rpm (90 % nh mc), 13X ON
14-1 : khi tc N < 380 rpm (76 % nh mc), 14-1X ON
14-2 : khi tc N < 15 rpm ( 3 % nh mc), 14-2X ON

2. LVDT: (linear variable differential transformer: bin p vi sai tuyn tnh):
- Mi servo kim, cn gt & van phn phi cho cn gt u c lp 2 b LVDT truyn
tn hiu v tr n 2 knh ca iu tc
- Mi b LVDT trn cng 1 thit b ni vi 1 knh khc nhau ca b iu tc.
- in p ra ca LVDT tuyn tnh vi dch chuyn ca li MBA ny.
- C 3 dng khc nhau: TS2937EN18 cho van phn phi cn gt; LS-450TM cho cn gt
& LS-150TM cho kim.


Hnh 2.1 S nguyn l ca b LVDT: (linear variable differential transformer

Hnh 2.2 M t cu to v hot ng ca b LVDT

3. Governor unit:
- Gm 2 knh iu khin hot ng theo ch master/standby. Vic chuyn i ny, va
thc hin t bn ngoi controller qua cc tip im cc relay 43GOVXx, va thc hin
bng vic chuyn i d liu trn giao tip gia 2 knh qua cp quang. Khi c chn,
knh master s c ni vi cc thit b ngoi nh cc convertter ca kim, cn gt, cc
ng h ch th (balancing, m kim, cn gt, gi tr ca 77); mn hnh gim st..
- Mi PLC gm cc card nh sau:
+ CPU card: (DDCP03G011) cha cc chng trnh iu khin & thc thi chng. 2 card
CPU ca 2 knh c ni vi nhau bng cp quang. Trn card c cc nt & n hiu
nh sau:
- Nt reset: khi nhn s reset cc LED ch bo li trn card (nu cc li khng cn duy
tr ) .
- Kha WRITE: v tr OFF, hot ng GHI t dng c bo tr s b cm (thng
thng v tr OFF)
- Kha HALT/IO: Khi v tr ON, PLC chuyn qua ch th (TEST MODE)
(thng thng v tr OFF)
- LED Run: sng khi CPU lm vic bnh thng
- LED ERR: sng khi c CPU b li nng.
- LED 0: ng h ca CPU 1 b treo (CPU 1 clock halt)
- LED 1: CPU 1 ngng lm vic (CPU 1 WDT)
- LED 2: li b nh ca CPU 1 (CPU1 parity error)
- LED 3: hot ng t chun on ca CPU 1 b li
(CPU 1 seft diagnostic operation error )
- LED 4: CPU 1 b treo ( CPU 1 task stall ) - LED 5: ng h ca CPU 2 b
treo (CPU 2 clock halt)
- LED 6: CPU 2 ngng lm vic (CPU 2 WDT)
- LED 7: li b nh ca CPU 2 (CPU2 parity error)
- LED 8 : hot ng t chun on ca CPU 2 b li
- LED 9 : CPU 2 b treo (CPU 2 task stall)
- LED 10: in p pin CMOS thp (battery voltage low)
- LED 11: d phng (reserved)
- Khi b s c nng card CPU reset tip im b contact cng alarm, bo tn hiu CPU
fault.
- Analog input card: (DIFS02G002) dng thu thp tn hiu tc t SSG qua knh A
t cng CNJ hoc t PT (hay PMG) qua knh B t cng CNG (hin khng dng
cng ny). Mi knh u c cc LED ch bo :
- TEST: sng khi pht hin iu kin vt tc trn ng vo th (test input).
- OVER SPEED: sng khi pht hin iu kin vt tc trn ng vo thc t (Actual
input).
- Ghi ch : hin khng dng chc nng ny.
- Analog input/output card: (XGVX02G008): c 3 card dng giao tip vi cc
converter & servo ca cn gt & 2 kim. Card cha cc mch sau:
+ Mch chuyn i tn hiu iu khin t dng digital sang analog. 1 ng xut qua
port CNH n hin th trn balancing metter & 1 ng n b khuch i cng sut
ilmnu di y
+ B khuch i cng sut iu khin cc cun dy converter (qua port CNK)
mch pht tn hiu rung bin nh to rung cho cc converter (nhm chng kt
c kh)
+ 2 mch cp ngun cho cun s cp ca LVDT & chuyn tn hiu tn hiu phn hi t
th cp ca LVDT t v tr sang dng in p (qua 2 port CNG)
+ Trn card c kha chnh VIB hiu chnh bin tn hiu rung (tng khi vn theo
chiu kim ng h)
- Analog output card: (AOC15G003) gm 16 knh chuyn tn hiu digital sang analog
(0-5V).
- Cc tn hiu ny c qua transducer 0-5V/4-20 mA gi n PLC iu khin & cc
ng h ch th. Mt kho chn trn card thng v tr NORMAL. nu v tr
MAINTE s b bo li nng (GOV major fault)
- Digital input card: (DIC10G021): c 64 knh. Ta c th xem cc trng thi ca mi
knh thng qua 16 LED ring & 4 LED nhm. Vic chn nhm nh nt nhn LED
DISPLAY CHANGE.
- Cc input nhn tn hiu iu khin t control box, t TCP & t PLC iu khin. Mt
kho
chn trn card thng v tr NORMAL. nu v tr
MAINTE s b bo li nng (GOV major fault)
- Digital output card: (DOS10G021) c 64 knh, gi cc tn hiu n bng bo s c,
n nt nhn control box, mn hnh monitor gim st ti t & n PLC iu khin.
Card c nt & cc LED nh card digital input.
4. Ngun cung cp:
- C 4 ngun cung cp n t governor & turbine control:
+ Ngun DC ly t t 20LAA001TB (cho H1, H2) & t 20LAA002TB
(cho H3 , H4) n NFB DC.
+ Ngun AC 220V, 1 pha ly t t 20DNM001TB (cho H1, H2) & t 20DNM002TB
(cho H3, H4) n NFB AC.
+ Ngun AC 220V, 1 pha ly t t 20DNM001TB (cho H1, H2) & t
20DNM002TB (cho H3, H4) n NFB AC.
- MCB 52RECEPT1: qua MBA 220V/100V cp ngun 100V
AC
cho cm
RECEPT1 & monitor (qua nt 8GOV).
- Qua MCB 52RECEPT2 n cm RECEPT2.
- Qua MCB 52RECEPT3 n cm RECEPT3.
- Qua MCB 52LAMP cp cho n chiu sng & n hiu van cu trn nc t.
- Ngun AC 220V, 1 pha ly t t 20DNM001TB (cho H1, H2) & t 20DNM002TB
(cho H3, H4) n NFB SPH cp cho b si & qua ch cp cho mch o di trc.
- Ngun AC & DC sau 2 NFB AC & NFB DC nu trn qua nt 8GOV, cng cung
cp cho 2 b ngun loi MEP-TAJ223 qua 2 MCB ng vo (input MCB) ca chng.
- B ngun ny c 6 card, 1 card input & 5 card to ngun +5V (2 card); +15V; -15V;
+24V. Mi b ngun cung cp cho 1 knh iu khin. Trong b ngun, c trang b cc
bo v qu p, km p, qu dng. Khi c s c s trip cc input MCB. Nu c 2 input
MCB b trip, 1 bo ng trn knh s xut hin. Trn mi card ngun c n
ngun, n sng khi ngun ng ra ca card bnh thng.
- Ngun 220 VDC sau NFB DC, qua nt 8G, cp cho:
+ Ngun PG1/NG1:
- Mch relay ca ca t REG.
- Qua converter 220/24VDC cp ngun LP24/LN24 cho mch n hiu & ch th,
s c, mch reset s c ti control box ca t REG.
+ Ngun PW1/NW1:
- Mch relay ca TCP.
- Qua converter 220/24VDC cp ngun LP24W/LN24W cho mch n hiu & ch
th trng thi, s c, mch reset s c ti TCP.
- Qua converter 220/48VDC cp ngun PW48/NW48 cho mch ca SSG & relay tc
c, in
- n t bm du p lc QPP qua converter 220/24VDC cp ngun LP24QP/LN24QP
cho mch n hiu & ch th trng thi, s c ti QPP
5. Hp iu khin (control box): nm mt ngoi ca t bao gm cc nt nhn & cc
n hiu ch bo s c
- n bo: C 2 hng n bo s c cho 2 knh. Ngoi tr n LIGHT FAULT
(BAT.COM) cc s c khc u l s c nng dn n knh ngng hot ng. Khi s c
xy ra, cc dng v s c lin quan trn mn hnh gim st cng chuyn sang mu vng.
- Nh vy khi s c v card hay s c nh, ta c th tham kho chi tit hn.


Hnh 2.7 Mn hnh t iu khin
5.1 T iu khin
Gm cc thit b sau ( c m t nh hnh).
a. ng h hin th: (K hiu A trn hnh)
- Nhng ng h o c lp t trn t iu chnh bao gm cng sut tc dng, tc
tuabin, m cn gt nc, kim phun trn v di.
b. Ngn iu khin: (K hiu B trn hnh)
- Hin th li ca b iu tc (li cc, n), cn gt nc v kim nc (li v tr).
c. Mn hnh kim tra: (K hiu C trn hnh)
- Mn hnh th hin s gim st, s o lng, ch th li ca cc, gim st tn hiu s vo
ra v ch th gi tr ci t cho b iu tc.
d. B ngun cho h thng iu khin ca iu tc: (K hiu D trn hnh)
- Gm 2 b ngun cho hai CPU, mi b ngun c hai ngun vo 220AC v 220VDC.
- Ng ra +5v,-15,+15,+24VDC .
Ngun ph:
K hiu chng loi in p vo in p ra
PWS-L1: 24V cho ch th. bng bo JWS100
N-L :
239.8VDC
S+,S-:
23.99VDC
PWS- RY :24VDC Cho r le ph JWS100
N-L:
239.8VDC
S+,S-:
23.95VDC
PWS-N: 13V cho cm bin tc YDCS-02A
1-2:
48.03VDC
5-6: 13.63VDC
PWS-SPR: 48 V cho r le tc JWS100
N-L:
239.8VDC
1-3:
48.033VDC

e. B iu khin ca iu tc: (K hiu E trn hnh)
N a ra tn hiu kim tra n ca ch th (1) v (2).
f. Ngn thay i h thng: (K hiu F trn hnh)
Cung cp ngun cho b iu khin iu tc, mn hnh kim tra, rle ph...
g. B chuyn i: (K hiu G trn hnh):
Tranducer tc kiu TRD N chuyn tn hiu tc ra 4-20mA cung cp tn hiu
cho mch o lng (cn gt, gii hn ti, tc , kim trn, di).
h. Cng tc ngun: (K hiu H trn hnh)
+ 8 GOV : cho mch b iu khin iu tc.
+ 8G : cho mch iu khin iu tc:
- Bin p ph: (K hiu I trn hnh)
- B lc: (K hiu J trn hnh)
- Khoang trng: (K hiu K trn hnh)

Hnh 2.9 Mt ct cc thit b trn t iu tc
5.2 Ngun cho dng c bo dng.
- Bin p ph: (K hiu L trn hnh) Cho ngun dng c bo dng.
- My ct cho mch cp ngun: (K hiu M trn hnh)
+ DC: cung cp cho iu tc v b iu khin iu tc.
+ AC: cung cp cho iu tc.
III. Phn thy lc.
1.1 H thng kim, cn gt nc & servo cn gt
- Tn hiu iu khin cn gt s c bin i theo quan h ca c tnh kim - cn gt
thnh tn hiu iu khin kim a n converter ca kim. sai lch tn hiu ny vi tn
hiu phn hi ca m kim c chuyn n converter kim.
- Tn hiu iu khin kim di ch a n converter kim di sau khi CB chnh ng.
1.2 Converter valve: (van chuyn i) c 3 ci:
a. ac iem chung:
- Sdi chuyen cua truc van chuyen oi phuthuoc vao ol n cua dong i en a vao
cuon day. Hoat ong i eu khi en cuon day chuyeu phuthuoc vao nam cham vnh cu va
sdi chuyen cua cuon day (tn hi eu i en a vao cuon day).
- Sthay oi tn hi eu vao cua bochuyen oi sel am cho cuon day i eu khi en vacuon
day chnh dao ong nham ngan nga sngan ng dau i eu khi en.
b. ac iem kythuat:
- Model :PG902
- Ap l c l am vi ec l n nhat :21Mpa
- Lu l ng dau qua van chuyen oi l a90l /ph tai ap l c thap nhat cua van 7Mpa.
- Dong i en qua van : 200 mA
- i en trcua cuon day :20O
- Chu c ap l c :28Mpa
- Ap l c tren ng dau ve :1Mpa
- Lu l ng ben trong van l a3,5l /ph tai ap l c 14Mpa.
c. Cau tao vanguyen lyhoat ong:
1. Cau tao:

Hnh 2.10 Cu to Van chuyn i
- Than van gom coong l ot, cuon day chnh, sdi chuyen theo phng ng cua ong
l ot vacuon day i eu khi en chnh. c noi vi cuon day chnh ei eu khi en vtr cua
no.
- Tai ben trai pha cuoi cuon day i eu khi en, l c chuyen oi v tr ochu tac
ong bi nam cham vnh cu (Permanent magnet), cuon day di chuyen. Sesi nh ra mot
l c ay cuon day en ong i eu khi en chnh , vanoc ay qua ben phai . Tai ben phai
(i em cuoi ) cua ong i eu khi en, vtr nay l oxo sechong l ai s di chuyen cua ong
i eu khi en => ay ong i eu khi en qua ben trai .
- Bi v l c l oxo cothei eu chnh c tben ngoai , i eu chnh vei em 0. Tn
hi eu c truyen ra ngoai .
(ng
(ng
(ng iu
khin)
(Cun dy di chuyn)
(Nam chm vnh cu)
(Phn thn chnh ca
(L xo iu
(L)
2. Nguyen lyhoat ong:

Hnh 2.11 Cu to chi tit bn trong van chuyn i

- Dau ap l c c noi tl oP en i eu khi en ap l c cho khoang B vaC tai cuoi ong
chnh thong vi bol oc vac gan conh vi l oA.
- Trong hnh vetren th ap l c i eu khi en tai khoang B bang ap l c i eu khi en tai
khoang C, th l uc nay ong vtr can bang.
- Chang han, khi di chuyen cuon day vepha ben trai th tn hi eu nhan c ong i eu
khi en sedi chuyen vepha ben trai .
- Bi v ong i eu khi en di chuyen en ben trai trong squan heoen ong chnh ap
l c i eu khi en khoang B sec noi vi ng dau xaR
1
noi vi l oD cua ong i eu
khi en vathong qua l oF cua ong chnh. Cho nen, ap l c dau i eu khi en khoang B
gi am dan, mat duap l c i eu khi en trong khoang C c gi ung bang ap l c cung
cap, bi v l oE cua ong i eu khi en val othong G cua ong chnh ong. Vanh vay ap
l c trong khoang B thap hn ap l c trong khoang C.
Vay ong chnh sedi chuyen vepha ben trai . Ap l c i eu khi en trong khoang B tang
l en khi l oxaD cua ong i eu khi en vaqua l oF cua ong chnh ong. Ap l c trong khoang
B trnen bang ap l c trong khoang C vaong chnh dng.
- vtr maong chnh dng th nosebang sdi chuyen cua ong i eu khi en.
- Trc o, l o1 mvac noi vi l oP vacho phep dau ap l c tl oP en xy l anh
qua l o1.
- Cung gi ong nh vay, dau xavetxy l anh en l oxa2, vaket thuc vi ec xadau ve
qua l oxaR
2
. l u l ng dau can bang cho en khi m. Tai i em can bang oen s di
(L du p lc P)
(L du v R
1
, R
2
)
(L du cp cho xy lanh 1,2)
(L ni A)
(p lc iu khin khoangB,C)
chuyen cua ong, cho nen dong en cac cuon day tao nen scan xng vi l u l ng dau
qua van, bi v xung quanh l o, quan hegi a chung l akhong tng xng nhau.
- Ben canh o, khi cotn hi eu vtr noi tren en cuon day ap l c dau tP, en l o2
cua xy l anh vaxadau vequa R
2
qua l o1. Hn na, sthay oi l u l ng dau tuythuoc
vao sthay oi cua dong i en qua cuon day.
d. Hoat ong bao dng:
Trong i eu ki en hoat ong bnh thng ot nhi en ap l c dau gi am vasthay oi tren
cac van sol ei nod do ophai i eu khi en bang tay, khi otren ng dau i eu khi en
hoat ong t ong cua cac van setao ra nhng can, ban gi a ong i eu khi en vaong
chnh cua van chuyen oi . Vay ta ti en hanh bao dng nh sau:
- Thao ong i eu khi en vaong chnh tpha counter spri ng cua van chuyen oi vave
si nh l au chung bang Sol vent.
- Ki em tra ben trong phan than cua ong boc ngoai chnh vavesi nh cac chat ban.
- Ki em tra cac vet nt, tray xt, vet ban ben trong ong i eu khi en vaong chnh.
Van chuyen oi khong trvebnh thng khi ap l c dau gi am vasthay oi tren cac
van sol enoi d. Dau hi eu nay cho bi et rang ong i eu khi en cua van chuyen oi btray
xt, bemat l am vi ec bhong mot cach nghi em trong. Vay ta ti en hanh bao dng
nh sau:
- Thay mi ong i eu khi en vaong chnh.
- Thay thecaphan than chnh neu thay sphahuytren bemat hoac bi en dang tren
bemat cua no.
- Thay thebol oc. Neu hoat ong xadau vetrong i eu ki en bnh thng, bi sthay
oi tren ng l oc dau veth bol oc keben sec sdung.
1.3 Van phan phoi cho van chnh:
+ Hoat ong khac nhau cua Pi ston trong xy l anh:
- Vec ban vi ap l c dau phuhp c cung cap en ong pha xy l anh. Trong
hoat ong khac, dau ap l c cung cap en mpha xy l anh c i eu khi en bi van
chuyen oi . Cac ong noi ap l c en ng mpha xy l anh, bl ock, thoat dau i eu
khi en tuythuoc vao vtr cua van chuyen otng ng.
- Khi van chuyen oi vtr m: Dau ap l c cung cap en qua van chuyen oi en
mpha xy l anh. Vanh vay, th dau ap l c cung cap en caxy l anh, cho en khi l c
tng ng tac ong l en xy l anh l n en khu vc macoschenh l ech ap l c dau tren
pi ston trong khi mpha xy l anh, con pha pi ston th i xuong trong khi i eu khi en m
l i en tuc.
- Khi van chuyen oi vtr ong: Ong dau c noi en mpha xy l anh vac
ni vi ong xachnh cua van chuyen oi . Vanh vay pi ston bnen xuong l i en tuc va
c i eu khi en ong bi dau ap l c pha xy l anh, vatrong khi mxy l anh c xaqua
van chuyen oi vebon au.
- Khi van chuyen oi vtr ngang: Ong dau c noi en mpha xy l anh bngang
vi van chuyen oi . Nh vay, vtr c gi odau c mvao xy l anh khong the
xac, mat du, van codau ap l c cung cap ong pha xy l anh.
- Mt cho cn gt (deflector control valve : DF-CV)
- Mt cho kim trn (upper needle con trol valve : UN-CV)
- V mt cho kim di (lower needle con trol valve : LN-CV).
- Van c 3 v tr c iu khin bng in vi bin tn hiu l + 2V.
- Nh lc l xo 2 u, nn khi khng c tn hiu van v tr trung ho,
tt c cc ng du b chn li.
- Hnh trnh van l +25 mm (# +1pu)
1.4 Van phn phi cho cn gt (distributing valve):
Pha trn ca piston iu khin lun c cp du t van 65QS:
- Nu pha di piston iu khin thng vi ng x, piston s i xung theo hng
to ng du ng cn gt.
- Nu pha di piston iu khin b chn, piston s gi nguyn v tr nh trc .
- Nu pha di piston iu khin thng vi ng du p lc, nh tit din pha di
ln hn nn piston s i ln theo hng to ng du m cn gt.
1.5 Van 65S: lm nhim v khi ng & trip b iu tc:
- Khi 65S trip, pha di ca piston iu khin van phn phi cn gt s thng vi
ng x.
- Cn gt s ng cho n v tr ng hon ton. Tn hiu trip 65S hoc do lnh ngng
my t PLC hoc do lnh trip t relay master trip 86-1; 86-2 hoc nt 3-65S v tr
trip(khi 43-20 MANU).
- Khi 65S ON, pha di ca piston iu khin van phn phi cn gt s thng vi ng
iu khin ca DF-CV. Cn gt s hot ng theo tc ng ca b iu tc. Tn hiu
ON 65S hoc do lnh chy my t PLC hoc do nt 3-65S v tr ON (khi 43-20
MANU).
- Tn hiu trng thi 65S c a n 2 knh ca iu tc:
- 65S ON: khi ng hot ng ca b iu tc
- 65S TRIP: b iu tc ngng iu khin theo cc tn hiu khc m ch xut lnh
ng kim, cn gt hon ton.
2. Ngun cp du cho b iu tc:
2.1 Du p lc cp cho kim, cn gt & servo cn gt:
c ly t bn du p lc thngqua van gc du.
Van ny c iu khin bi solenoid 65QS.
2.2 p lc du ca b iu tc c gim st bi ng h & relay 63-65QSO.
- 65QS ON khi giai on u tin chy my (0*GREG_1AX_START = 1 gi n t
TCP kch hot relay cht 1AX ln trng thi SET).
- 65QS trip khi cui giai on ngng my (0*GRE_1AX_STOP = 1).

IV. Phn in
1. Chc nng h thng iu tc:
L c cu in thy lc. C kh nng d phng cao, s dng 2 h thng PLC (1 master,
1standby).
- Khi ng t my t trng thi dng hon ton n khi t tc nh mc.
- Dng my trong trng hp dng bnh thng v dng s c.
- Duy tr cng sut mt gi tr t xc nh.
- iu chnh hu cng duy tr tn s nm trong khong t trc (iu tn).
2. S khi v s nguyn l ca b iu tc
a. S khi ca b iu tc nh sau:

b.

b. M t chc nng:
S ni dy n gin ca b iu khin my iu tc c m t nh hnh
- thc hin vic iu khin tc , mt sai lch ca tn hiu tc thc t so vi tn
hiu tc t l c tnh ton bng b x l AF.
- Sau thi gian cht do b x l di cht thc hin, tn hiu s c cng vi gi tr ca b
t tn s (65F) tnh ton lch tc.
- Bn cnh thc hin vic iu chnh ti, mt lch ca v tr cn gt so vi b t
ti (65P) c nhn bit v c nhn ln bi b Speed droop c lch ca v tr cn
gt. lch v tr cn gt ny c th c dng khi vn hnh song song.
- Khi , lch iu khin thu c bi tng hp lch tc v lch v tr v b
PID bt u hot ng a ra tn hiu.
c. S nguyn l ca b iu tc.

- Gi tr nh nht gia tn hiu ra ca b x l PID v b gii hn ti (77) s c chn v
a ra tn hiu khng ch v tr cn gt (B gii hn ti (77) c t ng ci t v tr
khi ng khi h thng c khi ng).
- Tn hiu iu khin bng tay cn gt (tn hiu vn hnh van iu khin) c tnh ton t
lch ca v tr cn gt so vi v tr c yu cu. Tn hiu vn hnh van iu khin c
tnh ton t lch ca v tr van c yu cu v v tr van iu khin thc t.
- iu khin ng c servo kim nc, gi tr mong mun ca v tr kim nc c tnh
ton trn c s gi tr t c ca cn gt nc, iu ny ph thuc vo chc nng ca b
DF/ND.
- Gi tr ca lch ny c tnh ton da trn v tr m kim nc cn t c v v tr
thc ca kim nc, trn c s tn hiu c a n van iu khin kim nc v chnh
kim nc n gi tr mong mun.
- S lng kim nc vn hnh ph thuc vo iu kin ho li. C hai kim nc cng
vn hnh khi t my ho song song cn ngoi ra ch c kim trn lm vic.
d. nguyn tc u khin ca b iu tc
- iu khin b iu tc c da trn ngng nguyn tc sau:
1. Kim tra u vo v mc chuyn i:
- Nhng phn ny kim tra du vo v v mc chuyn i ca tng tn hiu d liu.
Khi d liu no vt qu gi tr t (ngng cao hoc thp) li s c nhn v a ra
tn hiu cnh bo. Cc cnh bo c hin th trn hp iu khin.
2. iu khin bng tay Turbin:
- Khi vn hnh tuabin bng tay, ng m cn gt nc v kim nc th trc tin phi
kho b iu khin khi ng ca h iu tc (#43GOV,auto; manual). Sau m
(#65S). Lc ny cn gt nc v kim nc c th c iu chnh bi b 77.

3. iu khin khi ng:


- Vi iu kin #43-20 Auto v #65S On, gi tr ci t ca b 77 c t ng ci
t mt gi tr xc nh (v d 50%) v cn gt nc bt u m.
- Khi v tr cn gt nc t ti gi tr ca n, gi tr ci t ca b 77 c t ng thay
i n gi tr ca v tr khi ng sau mt thi gian chc chn. V tr cn gt nc c
iu khin tu thuc vo gi tr ci t ca b 77, v v tr kim nc trn c iu khin
tu thuc vo v tr cn gt nc.
- Trc khi v tr cn gt nc t ti v tr khi ng th tuabin bt u quay.
- Sau khi tc ca tuabin t ti 85%, c th dng tn hiu 77 Raise/Lower. Sau khi
tc t ti 100%, servo motor cn gt nc c iu khin gi mc tc ca
tuabin.
- Bng s iu khin ,v tr cn gt nc thay i t v tr khi ng n v tr khng
ti.
4. iu khin tc :
- V tr ca cn gt nc c th iu chnh v vy tc thc c mi lin h vi tc
c ci t trong b iu tc (gi tr ci t b 65F tng ng vi mc tc ).
- Khi my ct chnh 52 v tr OFF, tc ca Turbine uc u chnh bi gi tr t
ca 65F. Gi tr ny c th thay i nh sau:
- Thao tc bng tay : 65Raise/ Lower ti t iu tc
- Lnh 65 Raise/ Lower t b ho t ng (#15)
- Sau khi MC 52 ON, gi tr t ca 65F s t ng tr v v tr gia ( v tr bng vi
tc nh mc).
5. iu khin tc theo yu cu:
- Vi iu kin 52-Off, tc thc ca tuabin nc c iu chnh bi gi tr ci t
ca b 65F. gi tr ci t ca b 65F c th c thay i bi thao tc :
+ Thao tc bng tay cng tc 65 Raise/Lower.
+ Yu cu 65 Raise/Lower t khi t ng b.
5. iu khin ti:
- Cng sut thc c iu khin n mt gi tr yu cu bng cch thay i gi tr ca
b 65P v do thay i v tr ca cn gt nc. Ngoi ra, iu chnh v tr cn gt nc
vi dc khng i gp phn iu khin s thay i ca tn s.
dc c gii thch bng biu sau:

V d: nu tn s tng ln 10% vi iu kin gi tr t ca 65P=100% , v tr cn gt
c iu khin n 0% (ng hon ton)
Trong vng cht ca cn gt, cc kim nc u ng hon ton . V th khng th
iu chnh tn s khi v tr cn gt di mc v tr khng ti ca cn gt.
Mc iu chnh c tnh bi cng thc:
Mc iu chnh= dc
% 100
0 (%)
*
L DF RL DF

7. iu khin PID:
- Phn ny thc hin vic iu khin PID (t l, tch phn, vi phn) da trn tn
hiu sai lch t mi s kim tra, so snh v a ra yu cu v tr van. thng s PID c th
chuyn sang gi tr xc nh trc bi iu kin ho(#52) ph thuc vo iu kin mang
hoc khng mang ti.
- Thm vo , vi iu kin tn hiu vo cch ly, b PID c ci t nhng thng
s cch ly.
8. Kt ni my tnh vi b iu khin:
Chng trnh gim st v iu khin TOMAP-GS/RE300XP (Release 5-2E)
Kt ni my tnh trc tip vi b iu khin (CPU DDCP03) thng qua cp RS-232C nh
hnh v:

* Chc nng chnh:
+ Project:
Ln k hoch nh cu hnh d liu ca h thng
Trong chc nng ny ngi vn hnh c th:
- To project mi.
- M project c.
- Xa project.
- Copy project.
- Upload hay download (controller project)
+ Controller:
iu khin v gim st trng thi hot ng ca b iu khin. Chc nng ny bao gm
hin th v iu khin:
Cho php hay khng cho php vic upload d liu t cng c vo b iu
khin.
Cng tc test.
hot ng ca rom.
Hot ng ca b Test IO.
+ Monitor:
- Gim st v kim tra d liu:
- Hin th gi tr ci t v gi tr ca mt bin bt k ti thi im hin
ti
- Thay i gi tr ci t
- Li ghi d liu (c th ghi ra a, ti ln t a).
- Bo v trnh vic ci t thng s khng ng (qu ln hoc qu nh).
- Ghi li nhng p ng tc thi ca phn t m ngi vn hnh mong mun.
Ngoi ra vi cc chc nng ca phn mm, ngi vn hnh c th xut d liu ra di
dng th (analog, digital), ghi li li.

CHNG III. VAI TR CA IU TC TRONG CC CH VN
HNH CA NH MY THY IN A NHIM
I. Khi Qut
1. Trong vn hnh bnh thng: Kha 43-20 AUTO, nt 43M REMOTE; kha
WRITE & kha HALT/IO trn card CPU v tr OFF; kha NORMAL/MAINTE
trn cc card khc v tr NORMAL.
1. giai on chy my, sau khi van cu m hon ton, kha cn gt m, 65S ON
GOV hot ng khi ng t my ln tc nh mc.
2. Tn hiu tng, gim t relay ho a n thay i gi tr 65F, iu chnh tc
t my ch khng ti.
4. Sau khi ha in, GOV s lm vic ch iu tn hay c nh l do h iu khin
trung tm quyt nh.
5. Khi dng my, hay s c 86-1, 2 PLC iu khin gi tn hiu trip 65S, GOV tin
hnh ngng my.
II. Chc nng v vai tr ca b iu tc.
2.1 Chc nng ca b iu tc
- Khi khi ng t my, n kim tra s gia tc ca turbine ngn nga hin tng vt
tc v nhanh chng n nh t my tc nh mc;
- Khi my chy khng ti hay chy c lp n lun gi tc turbine nh mc vi cc
gi tr ti khc nhau;
- Khi my vn hnh song song vi li in, n iu chnh cng sut theo tn s, cng
nh pht gii hn cng sut mt gi tr no ;
- Cho php dng t my turbine my pht v khi mt ti t ngt, n gi cho vt
tc ca turbine v gia tng p sut nc trong ng ng thu p mt gii hn cho
php sau nhanh chng phc hi li tc nh mc cho turbine.
2.2. Vai tr ca b iu tc
2.2.1. T ng n nh cng sut (auto load regulator: ALR)
a/ nh ngha: Khi t my ha li (CB chnh ng) & khi tn s li thay i trong
phm vi cho php (vi a nhim di tn lm vic l 50,6Hz>f > 49,4Hz), ALR l chc
nng gip cho b iu tc gi cho cng sut thc ca t my n nh 1 gi tr t trc
(active power set point).
- ALR c 2 kiu (mode) thc hin (c th hin bng 2 bin 0*GRE_ALR_USE_MD:
ALR in use mode & 0*GRE_ALR_LOCK_MD: ALR in lock mode).
- USE: s dng chc nng ALR (0*GRE_ALR_USE_MD = presence &
0*GRE_ALR_LOCK_MD = asbsence). Cng sut pht ca t my c duy tr bi gi tr
t cng sut (0*GTAS001MW: active power effective setpoint).
- LOCK: khng s dng chc nng ALR (0*GRE_ALR_USE_MD = asbsence &
0*GRE_ALR_LOCK_MD = presence). Cng sut pht khng ph thuc vo gi tr t m
ph thuc vo gi tr t ca chn ti ( load limit: 77) & mc tc (Speed level: 65P).
b/ Nguyn l lm vic ca ALR:
- Khi ang LOCK mode, USE mode c thc hin khi cc iu kin sau y cng
tha:
- C lnh chn USE mode (0*GRE_ALR_USE =1 # ALR use order = request).
- T my khng ang 1 trnh t dng my no (sequence 4, 5E, 6Q, 7R).
- 50,6Hz > tn s li f > 49,4Hz .
- Khi ang USE mode, LOCK mode c thc hin khi 1 trong cc iu kin sau y
tha:
- C 1 lnh chn LOCK mode (0*GRE_ALR_LOCK =1 # ALR lock order = request).
- Tn s li f > 50,6 Hz hay f < 49,4 Hz sau 1sec.

- T my ang 1 trnh t dng my no (sequence 4, 5E, 6Q, 7R).
+ Hot ng ca iu tc khi ALR chuyn t LOCK mode sang USE mode:
- Gim gi tr 77 cho n khi 77 < m cn gt nc (deflector).
- iu chnh gi tr 65P sao cho 77 x 1,18 < 65P < 77 x 1,23 vi iu kin:
- 2% < m deflector < 99% (vi H
1,2,3
& 100% vi H
4
)
- 59% < 65P < 109,5%
- So snh gi tr cng sut t vi cng sut hin hnh, iu chnh 77 & 65P sao cho:
- cng sut trung bnh t my cng sut t|< 0.5MW (dead band).
- 59% < 77 < 97 %.
- 77 x 1,18 < 65P < 77 x 1,23.
+ Hot ng ca iu tc khi ALR chuyn t USE mode sang LOCK mode:
+ Gim gi tr 65P cho n khi 65P < m cn gt nc ngay trc .
+ iu chnh gi tr 77 cho n khi 77 = 93%
+ Trong qu trnh gim 65P & tng 77, nu 1 trong cc nt 77, 65P RAISE hoc
LOWER b kch hot qu trnh gim 65P & tng 77 s c ngng ngay. Gi tr ca 65P &
77 s gi gi tr c c ti thi im .
c/ Cc lu khi s dng chc nng ALR.
- Khi chuyn ALR t mode ny sang mode khc v qu trnh iu chnh cc thng s
cha kt thc m chuyn ngc tr li s lm cho cc qu trnh ny thc hin s khng
nh mun.
- Nu gp trng hp trn, chuyn ALR sang LOCK mode, nhn vo1 trong cc nt
77,65P RAISE hoc LOWER ngng qu trnh iu chnh t ng cc tr s 65P & 77,
ri hiu chnh cc tr s 65P, 77 bng tay.
2.2.2 iu chnh hu cng
C 2 phng thc iu chnh hu cng:
2.2.2.1 iu tn:
- Cng sut t my thay i ph thuc vo tn s li. Trong h thng in, phng
thc ny c gi l iu tn cp I, c p dng khi c yu cu ca QG
hay khi tch li chy c lp. Mc ch ca iu tn l iu chnh cng sut pht ca t
my duy tr tn s li nm trong phm vi t 50 Hz + 0,2 Hz.
2.2.2.2 C nh: Cng sut t my khng thay i & bng gi tr t trc khi tn s li
thay i trong phm vi cho php. y l phng thc thng dng khi t my ha
li. C nh chia lm 2 trng hp:
+ C nh thng thng: Cng sut pht ca t my c duy tr n nh theo gi tr
t trc c yu cu bi QG.
+ iu tn cp II: Khi tn s li vt qu gii hn 50 + 0,5 Hz, cc t my phi
c ch ng iu chnh cng sut trong kh nng c th c gng a tn s li v
phm vi 50Hz + 0.5Hz.
- Phng thc iu tn:
. Phng php t ng chuyn sang ch iu tn:
- Khi ALR ang USE mode, chuyn ALR sang LOCK mode.
- Khi 77 tng n 93%, tng 77 ln gi tr tng ng vi gi tr ca deflector khi
cng sut nh mc (40 MW).
- iu chnh 65P tng hoc gim a tn s v gi tr nh mc.. Thng thng
nn kt hp vi vic iu chnh cng sut ca cc t my c nh a cng sut t my
iu tn v xp x 50% nh mc (# 20MW).
. Phng php bng tay chuyn sang ch iu tn:
- Khi ALR ang LOCK mode, gim gi tr 65P cho n khi 65P < m cn gt
nc ngay trc .
- Tng 77 ln gi tr gi tr tng ng vi gi tr ca deflector khi cng sut nh
mc.
- iu chnh 65P nh nu im a.3 khon 2 iu ny.
- Phng thc c nh:
. Phng php t ng chuyn sang ch c nh:
- Khi ALR ang LOCK mode, chuyn ALR sang USE mode.
- t gi tr cng sut t theo yu cu
. Phng php bng tay chuyn sang ch c nh:
- Khi ALR ang LOCK mode, gim gi tr 77 cho n khi 77 = m cn gt nc
ngay trc .
- Tng 65P ln gi tr gi tr max.
- iu chnh 77 cng sut t my = gi tr yu cu.
. Cc lu khi iu chnh hu cng:
-Trong vn hnh bnh thng, gim tn tht trn ng ng, ta nn phn chia hu
cng trn 2 ng ng l bng nhau & mi my trn cng 1 ng ng l bng nhau.
- Khi c QG yu cu iu tn, nu cng sut d tr ch cn < 20MW th phi
bo cho QG bit.
- ngn nga bo v 64S tc ng nhm, khng cho php vn hnh t my lu di
nu cng sut pht yu cu < 3MW (<2MW l nguy him, 3MW phng nga sai s).
Trong trng hp bt kh khng phi vn hnh cng sut < 3MW th phi ch tng
in p my pht khng nhn v cng nhiu hn -5MVAr.
- T my m cp ngun cho t dng chung khng c vn hnh vi cng sut <
8MW
- Khi iu chnh cng sut, phi ch dng in khng vt qu nh mc. Nu in
p t my gim < 95% nh mc (12,5 kV) m dng in vt qu nh mc, phi gim
cng sut t my & bo co cho QG.
- Khi b tch li quc gia nhng cc t my vn ha vi nhau th ch duy tr duy nht
1 my hot ng ch iu tn, cc t my khc phi ch c nh trnh dao
ng.
- Khi b s c r li, tn s li thay i ln & dao ng:
- ALR mode ca cc t my s t ng chuyn sang LOCK.
- Nhanh chng nhn vo 1 trong cc nt 77, 65P RAISE hoc LOWER ca tt c cc
t my.
- Chuyn qua c nh bng tay cc t my & ch 1 my duy nht ch iu tn.
- Vic gim dao ng li c thc hin bng vic iu chnh gim dn 77 ca cc
my c nh.
- Theo di bin dao ng ca tn s gim dn cn < + 0,2Hz, sau iu chnh cng
sut cc t my a tn s v 50 Hz.

CHNG IV: TNG KT

1. ngha ca h thng iu tc trong nh my thy in a Nhim
- B iu tc l mt thit b quan trng khng th thiu trong bt k nh my thy
in no. y l mt h thng t ng iu chnh tc ca t my lun gi tr nh
mc khi t my ch vn hnh bnh thng, ng thi m bo c cc chc nng
sau:
- Khi ng t ng hoc bng tay t my.
- Chy khng ti t my.
- m bo t my lm vic trn li cc ch : "Cng sut", "Tn s", "iu khin
nhm" v "B ng b".
- m bo chuyn i t my t ch cng sut sang ch b v ngc li.
- T ng chuyn t cc ch "cng sut", "iu khin nhm" sang ch "tn s" khi
tn s li vt qu gi tr cho php.
- Dng t my trong ch b.
- Dng bnh thng v dng s c t my.
Ngoi cc chc nng trn, qua kho st em nhn thy y l b iu tc lm vic
ht sc tin cy, t xy ra s c trong qu trnh vn hnh, an ton, kh nng d phng cao do
c 2 PLC 1 master & 1 standby.
2. Nhng c trng chnh ca khi iu tc:
+ Khi iu tc l mt b iu khin s c tnh hiu qu v n nh cao vi cng ngh
phn cng mi nht s dng tt cho vic iu khin h thng my pht in.
+ Vic iu khin tc cao c c nh s dng b iu khin iu chnh c thch
tng thch vi b vi s l 32 bt cho hot ng ca tng phn v c s d liu vo ra
tng t cho iu khin b iu tc.
- tin cy cao, d vn hnh vi hai ch l t ng v bng tay.
- D dng trong vic bo tr:
- Nhng b ci t 65F, 65P, 77 c lp phn mm v vy nhng bin tr, chi than, b
chuyn mch ng c in trc y tr nn khng cn thit, vic thay i, bo dng
chng v vy cng khng cn na.
- Ci thin trong tin cy v bo tr:
+ Phn iu khin tun t c lp phn mm.
+ Thay i v ci t thng s bng cng c bo tr.
- C thm nhng c trng mi:
+ Chc nng ghi li nhng hin tng bt thng thong qua (c th chp ra a mm v
reset).
+ Chc nng t chn on. S bo tr v vy c ci thin nh s dng hiu qu nhng
s liu ny (vi cng c bo tr)
- To bn sao s liu ca b iu tc
PLC c kh nng t ng ghi nhn cc i lng iu khin theo chu k, nh vy n c
th to 1 bn sao chnh xc cc hin tng chuyn tip xy ra khi s c nng (86-1 & 86-2)
& cung cp d liu ny phn tch s c trn my tnh bo tr vi dng biu . Vic ghi
c th hon tt ngay c khi PLC b mt ngun.

3. Cc lu khi vn hnh h thng iu tc
- Sau khi CB chnh ng giai on ha li, kim tra tn hiu 52 Close & 52 OPEN &
m ca kim di ti monitor.
- Khi b iu tc trng thi n nh, balcance meter c gi tr dng khong 0,2 V. Nu
balance meter c gi tr khng hoc m trong thi gian di, th phi tm hiu r nguyn
nhn qua cc thng s lin quan.
- Sau khi s c 86-1 hay 86-2 xy ra, n MANU SAVE TEST DATA sng, nu khng
xc nhn r nguyn nhn s c, phi tin hnh ghi nhn s c bng my tnh bo tr trc
khi nhn nt MANU RESET TEST DATA
- Vic thao tc chy my bng tay phi tin hnh theo phiu thao tc mu .
- Khi thao tc tho rp cc card, phi off ngun.
- Lu v relay 12MX ngm in thng xuyn.


LI CM N

Vi thi gian hn ba thng tm hiu thc hin chuyn tt nghip vi s gip
ca qu Thy gio, C gio trong b mn v c bit di s hng dn ch bo tn
tnh ca Thy gio TS. L K. Cng vi s c gng ca bn thn n nay em hon
thnh cc phn m trong chuyn yu cu.
Sau thi gian c hc tp ti trng vi lng kin thc v l thuyt v thc hnh
m bn thn em c tip thu cng vi vic thc hin n tt nghip ny em tin
rng y s l vn kin thc c bn m em gt hi c, y s l hnh trang vng
chc em t tin tip cn vo cng vic sau khi tt nghip ra trng.
Trong qu trnh thc hin chuyn ny mc d c gng ht sc mnh, song
khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca
qu thy, c n em c hon thin hn na.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n su sc n cc thy, c gio trong khoa,
trong b mn v thy gio hng dn L k tn tnh ch bo em hon thnh n tt
nghip ny .

Nng, ngy thng nm 2011

Sinh vin thc hin

Nguyn Vn Giang


PH LC

Cc s trnh by trong qu trnh bo v n:

1. S KHI CA B IU TC
2. S NGUYN L CA B IU TC
3. H THNG DU IU KHIN CA B IU TC
4. C TNH SPEED DROOP CA B IU TC
5. C TNH KHI NG CA B IU TC CH T NG
6. C TNH KIM - CN GT NC

TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Vn hnh h thng in ( Trn Quang Khnh Nh xut bn khoa hc & k
thut).
2. Bi ging Vn hnh h thng in ( Trng HBK Nng B mn h
thng in ).
3. Quy trnh vn hnh v x l s c Nh my thy in a Nhim ( Nh my
thy in a Nhim Hm Thun a my ).

1. S KHI CA B IU TC :


2. S NGUYN L CA B IU TC


4. C TNH SPEED DROOP CA B IU TC :

5. C TNH KHI NG CA B IU TC CH T NG :

6. C TNH KIM - CN GT NC :

ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP - Giang - -NEW

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GVHD: TS L K Trang SVTH: Nguyn Vn Giang 1

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