TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG KHOA IN T VIN THNG

Bao cao thi nghim

Ki thut siu cao tn

LAB 1: Simple Frequency and Time Analysis
Sinh vin thc hin: TRN TRONG THUN Nhom :24A 07DT4

Dung orcad ve mach

R S V V 1 5 0 s o u r c
V

V T Z D 0 = 1

l o n

a
V

d C 1 1 n

1 V 0 V

a c d c

R 5

l 0

Tao simulation profile

Chay m phong ta cocac graph sau:

1. Source Current and Voltage:

2. Load Current and Voltage

Nhn xet: -Khi tn s tng ,in ap tai giam va in ap ngun tng .

- tn s rt cao ,in ap ngun va tai gn nh khng i - tn s rt cao ,dong tai va dong ngun gn nh khng i Giai thich : Ta co .khi tn s tng thi dung khang cua tu giam,keo theo tr khang tai giam.Tr khang tai thay i lam thay i h s phan xa. Tai khng nhn c tt ca nng lng ma ngun phat i .Phn mt mat c goi la Return loss.do o in ap tai giam khi in ap ngun tng khi phan xa t tai tng ln. tn s rt cao thi Zcl 0 va h s phan xa 1:phan xa toan b .Vi vy in ap ngun va in ap tai gn nh khng i (in ap tai gn bng 0)
3.
Real, imaginary, phase, magnitude terms of Source Voltage

4. Real, imaginary, phase, magnitude terms of Load Voltage

Cho hin ra gia tri cua cac ai lng mt s im (dung probe cursor ):

Ve thi bode :

Lp lai vic m phong vi khoang tn s 100kHz -100MHz:

Ta co thi Bode

Q&A Q: In this passive network, how can the voltage at the load be higher than the voltage at the source? A: The Load Voltage is higher than the Source Voltage at some high frequencies and is equal to each other at low frequencies. This is due to the effect of transmission line. At low frequencies the effect is not need to be concerned but at high frequencies it is necessary to use Transmission line. So the transmission line put the effect on the circuit: the presence of reflected signals that may have bounced back by the load toward the generator. So when the reflected signal bounds back it could cause the Vload to be higher than Vsource at some frequencies.

Thay th ngun Vac bng ngun song sin (VSIN )

R 0 A V V F O A R F M E F P Q V = L = = 0 2 0 1 . 5 5 0 G 0

S V s o u r c e 0 A 0 A
V

T 1

V lo a 0 A T D Z 0 = = 1 0n A 5 0
V

d C 1 1 n

R 0 A

l 5 0

Ta co f = 0.5 GHz .suy ra T = 1/f = 1/0.5 = 2(ns).

Ta cn cho ra dang song cua 5 chu ky tin hiu in ap tai va in ap ngun nn ta phai: Set Running Time 10ns Start Saving Data after 0ns and Maximum Step size 0.01ns.

Q&A

Q: Does this make sense, given the transmission line parameters? A: Given time delay of the transmission line is 1 ns ( TD = 1ns). The phase delay therefore will be :

The graph above shows that the phase delay is (corresponding to 180o). Because it takes half period to go through the transmission line, the voltage at the load is half period late compared to the voltage at the source. This makes sense with the given transmission line parameters.

Phn 2 BASIC TRANSMISSION LINE IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN Trong bai thi nghim nay chung ta s dung SPICE khao sat song sine trn dng truyn khng tn tht. 2.1 Basic transmission line model Mt dng dy khng tn tht truyn song khng tn tht c dc trng bi vai tham s .chung ta quan tm n 2 thng s : Z0 tr khang dc tinh TD tr Chiu dai cua dy quan h vi tr qua cng thc L = upTD up la vn tc pha Vi L la in cam trn mt dn vi chiu dai va C la in dung trn mt dn vi chiu dai ta co: up = va Z0 =

2.1.1 A standar coaxial cable Cho cap ng thng dung RG 58 ,co Z0 =50 va up = c

Cu hoi 1: vi ng dy trn ,tim in cam va in dung trn mt dn vi chiu dai?

Tra li : L = Z0 /up =50/(3108*2/3) = 2.5*10-7 (H/m) C =1/(Z0*up) =1/(50*2*3*108/3) =100pF . Vi cap ng truc khng tn tht ta co cng thc lin h gia L ,C va ban kinh ng dn trong a va ban kinh ng dn ngoai b : L = ln C= Cu hoi 2 Cho mt cap ng truc khac vi =0 va =30 . bng bao nhiu nu Z0 =50 ? Tra li : Z0 = = ln ) =4.235

Suy ra =e(Z0*2*

..

Cu hoi 3 nu b = 3mm vi ng dn cu hoi 2 thi a bng bao nhiu? Tra li : a = b/4.235 =3mm/4.235 =0.7084mm ..
2.2 A SPICE model of a transmission line problem.

S dung SPICE ve mach sau:

chng ta se iu chnh di ca dy dn v kim tra cc mu sng ng u vo trn ton mt bc sng tn s 200MHz

cu hoi 4 : tn s 200Mhz va up =2c/3 .tim bc song tra li : =up/f = 2/3 *3*108 /200000000 =1m cu hoi 5 tim TD ng vi tra li:

Cu hoi 6 : s dung SPICE,Excell ,hoc Matlab ve ham bin in ap u

vao nh la mt ham cua dai.tu o tinh VSVR =Vmax/Vmin va tinh|| Tr li: - kim tra cc thay i ca in p u vo l hm ca di, chng ta c th kim tra cc thay i ca in p u vo nh l mt hm ca thi gian tr. Chng ta c th m phng in p u vo nh l mt ham ca Thi gian tr v Thi gian tr v di ca ng dy lin quan vi nhau theo cng thc

L = upTD
Vi up l mt hng s, L tng n ln thi TD tng nln . V vy, kim tra s thay i ca in p u vo nh l mt ham ca TD tng t nh lm iu ny vi L. - Vi L = , ta c

Vi vy ta co th thit lp thng s trong SPICE vi 0 thi im bt u va 5ns thi im kt thuc va khoang thi gian gia cac dim la 0.3125ns S dung SPICE ta ve c thi sau:

T thi trn ta co:

Vmax = 666.667mV Vmin = 333.333mV Suy ra

Cu hoi 7 : s dung SPICE,Excell ,hoc Matlab ve ham bin dong in u vao nh la mt ham cua dai .t o tinh VSVR va tinh|| Tra li : S dung SPICE ta ve c ham bin dong in u vao nh la mt ham cua dai

T thi trn ta co :

Ta thy VSVR va || hai cu trn la nh nhau Cu hi 8: ve ln ca tr khng u vo nh l mt Hm cua chiu di bng cch s dng cc d liu bn thu thp vi PSPICE. V phn thc v phn ao ca tr khng bng cch s dng PSPICE v cng tr khng ve s dng mt biu Smith Tra li: thi bin tr khang vao nh la mt ham cua dai

V Phn thc ca tr khng bng cch s dng PSPICE

- ve Phn phn ao ca tr khng bng cch s dng PSPICE:

Cu hi 9: Tnh ton v VSWR trc tip s dng phng trnh (2.6) v (2.7) di y.kt qua nay co ging vi kt qua cu hoi 6 , 7&8hay khng?

Tra li:

Kt qua nay ging kt qua bai 6,7&8 Cu hi 10: ve bin in p ti ti nh l mt Hm ca chiu di. thay i in p thay i vi chiu di nh th nao? T , bn ngh rng nng lng truyn ti ti s thay i vi chiu di th no? Tra li :
- ve cng in p ti ti nh l mt hm ca chiu di:

 ln ca in p ti khng thay i theo chiu di. T , em ngh rng sc mnh truyn ti ti s khng thay i vi chiu di ve nng lng ti tai nh l mt hm ca chiu di:

..

2.3 A shortcut, and more load impedances

SPICE c mt c ch tt qut tn s, nhng khng trc tip qut theo chiu di ca dy dn."chiu di in " ca mt ng truyn l l

Do o vic thay i chiu dai cua dy truyn t l thanh 10l cung tuowng t nh vic thay i tn s t 10f xung f.Noi cach khac ,nu mt dy truyn co bc song tn s f0 thi no se co bc song 0.5 tn s 0.5f0 va bc song 2 tn s 20 . Cu hoi 11: nu ta co mt oan dng truyn nh trong cu hoi 4 . tn s nao thi no co dai in 0.5 ? tn s nao no co d dai in la 2.5? Tra li :trong cu hoi 4 ta co tn s 200MHz va up = c .theo nhn xet o trn ta co

ng truyn co chiu dai in 0.5 khi no tn s 0.5f0 . Vy tn s 0.5*200MHz =100MHz thi dai in cua ng truyn la 0.5 Tng t tn s 2.5*200MHz = 500MHz thi ng truyn co dai in la 2.5
S dng mt ca ng truyn di 1-mt, iu chnh m phng SPICE ca bn, qut tuyn tnh tn s 0,5-2,5 bc sng. Trong m phng ny, chng ta khng iu chnh di ca ng. Chng ta ang iu chnh tn s ca h thng to ra hiu ng tng t nh iu chnh di ca ng dy
Z G in p V a c d c G 5 0 u t T 1 l o a T D Z 0 = 5 n 0 Z l 1 0 0 d

1 V 0 V

Cu hoi 12: Cu hi 13: ve ln ca in p ti u vo i vi "chiu di" khc nhau (hy nh rng bn c thc s ch iu chnh tn s) ng nhn li theo trc ngang.iu nay co ging vi hinh ve cu hoi 6 ? VSVR bng bao nhiu ?Tra li:

ve ln ca in p ti u vo i vi "chiu di" khc nhau ng nhn theo trc ngang.

iu nay tuonwng t nh cu hoi s 6 VSVR =2

Thay th tai 100 bng tai 20

Z G in p V a c d c G 5 0 u t T 1 lo a d T D Z 0 = 5 n 0 Z l 2 0

1 V 0 V

Cu hoi 13 : ve bin in ap tai u vao (input) ,va so sanh vi trng hp tai 100. T hinh ve ,tinh VSVR? Tra li: ve bin in ap tai u vao

Ta thy khi tai giam thi Vmax tng va Vmin giam . VSVR =714.160/286.610=2.492 Gia tri nay khac vi VSVR khi tai =100 . Thay th tai bng ngn mach , 0.001.
Z G in 0V A G a c d c 5 0 p u
V

l o a T D Z 0 = 5 n 0

d
V

1 V 0 V

l 0 . 0 0 1

Cu hoi 14: ve bin in ap tai u vao (input) ,va so sanh vi trng hp tai 100. T hinh ve ,tinh VSVR? T phng trnh (2.6) v (2.7) tnh VSWR.hai kt qua nay ging nhau khng? Tra li: ve bin in ap tai u vao

Ta thy khi ngn mach thi song c phan xa v ngun gn ht . Vi ZL =0.001 ta co : Vmax =1 Vmin =4.717m VSVR =Vmax /Vmin =1/4.717m=220 Tinh toan : =(Z0-Zl)/( Z0+Zl)=(50-0.001)(50+50.001)=0.99996 VSVR = =1.99996/0.00004=50000.00002

Hai kt qua nay khng ging nhau vi trong m phong chung ta a thc hin ly mu nn gia tri nho nht se khac nhiu so voi gia tri nho nht thc t

Thay th tai bng h mach ,Zl =1M(1Meg)

Cu hoi 15: ve bin in ap tai u vao (input).tim VSVR.tinh toan VSVR. Hai kt qua nay ging nhau khng? Tra li: ve bin in ap tai u vao (input)

Ta co Vmax =0.9999 Vmin =2.7522m VSVR =0.9999/2.7522m =363 Tinh toan ta co : =(Z0-Zl)/( Z0+Zl)=(50-1M)/(50+1M)=-0.999900005 VSVR = =20000.00005

Hai kt qua nay khng ging nhau vi trong m phong chung ta a thc hin ly mu nn gia tri nho nht se khac nhiu so voi gia tri nho nht thc t. Cu hoi 16 : hai hinh ve cu hoi 14 va 15 tng t nhau nh th nao ? Tra li:hai hinh ve cu 14&15 ging nhau bin nhng khac pha .khoang chnh lech nay la /4