GIO N I S 11

GII HN CA HM S (Tit 1)
I. MC TIU BI DY:
1, V kin thc:
+Bit khi nim gii hn hu hn ca hm s v nh ngha ca n
+Bit cc nh l v gii hn ca hm s
2, V k nng:
+Bit vn dng nh ngha vo vic gii mt s bi ton n gin ca hm s
+Bit vn dng nh l v gii hn vo vic tnh cc gii hn n gin
3, V t duy:
Bit quan st, phn on, bit quy l v quen
4, V thi :
Tch cc hot ng tr li cu hi, cn thn, chnh xc
II. CHUN B CA GV V HS:
+GV:Cu hi trc nghim, phiu hc tp,bng ph vit nh l gii hn hu hn ca dy
s
+HS: nh ngha, nh l gii hn hu hn ca day s, dng c hc tp
III. PHNG PHP DY HC:
V c bn l gi m vn p an xen hot ng nhm
IV.TIN TRNH BI DY:
A. N NH LP:
B. KTBC: Pht biu nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca dy s
Nu nh l v gii hn h hn ca dy s
C. BI MI:
1/ H1: Tip cn nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti 1 im
Bi ton (SGK trang 122)
Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Tm tt ghi bng
+ Gi HS tr li cc yu
cu ca bi ton
+ Nhn xt, cng c
TL1 :
a/
1
) 1 ( 2
1
2 2
) (
2

n
n n
n
n n
x
x x
x
x x
x f
=
n
n
x
n
2 2
2
+

b/
2
2 2
lim ) ( lim
+

n
n
x f
TL2 :
, 1 , 1 ), (
n n n
x x x
ta c :
2 2 lim ) ( lim
n n
x x f
1/ nh ngha :
2/ H2 : nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti 1 im
Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Tm tt ghi bng
+ Gi HS pht biu nh
ngha (da vo tr li 2)
+ Nhn xt, cng c
TL3 :
+ HS pht biu nh ngha
+ HS khc theo di v nhn xt
a/ nh ngha 1 : (SGK
trang 124)
b/ Ch :
+ Cc khong (a;b),
(-;b); (a;+) hoc
+
0
lim
x x
x

= ?
+
0
lim
x x
c

= ? (c l hng s)
(-;1) ta vit chung l
khong K
+ f(x) khng xc nh ti
x=x
0,
nhng hm s f(x)
c th c gii hn ti
x=x
0
c/ Nhn xt :
0
lim
x x
x

= x
0
0
lim
x x
c

= c
3/ H3 : p dng nh ngha
+ Phiu hc tp s 1 : Cho hm s
1
1
) (
2
+

x
x
x f
n
. Tm gii hn ca hm s sau :
1
) ( lim
x
x f
+ Phiu hc tp s 2 : Cho hm s
4 3
9
) (
2

x
x
x f
. Chng minh rng :
2
) ( lim
x
x f
= -
2
5
Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Tm tt ghi bng
* Nhm 1, 3 : Phiu s 1
* Nhm 2, 4 : Phiu s 2
+ C i din mi nhm
trnh by
+ Cc nhm khc nhn xt
+ Cho im mi nhm
1/ TX : D=R\{-1},
1 ), (
n n
x x
v
1
n
x
khi
n
Ta c :
2 1 lim
1
1
lim ) ( lim
2

+

n
n
n
n
x
x
x
x f
Vy :
1
) ( lim
x
n
x f
= -2
2/ TX : D=R \ {
3
4
} =
(-;
3
4
)
) ;
3
4
( +
;
) ;
3
4
( +
n
x
v
2
n
x
khi
n
. Ta c :
2
5
4 3
9
lim ) ( lim
2

n
n
n
x
x
x f
Vy :
2
) ( lim
x
n
x f
2
5

VD1 : Tm cc gii hn
ca hm s :
1/
1
1
) (
2
+

x
x
x f
n
khi
1 x
2/
4 3
9
) (
2

x
x
x f
khi
2 x
4/ H 4 : nh l v gii hn hu hn
Hot ng ca gio vin Hot ng ca hc sinh Tm tt ghi bng
* Nhm 1, 3 : Cu 1, 3
* Nhm 2, 4 : Cu 2, 4
+ Gi bt k HS trong mi
nhm trnh by
+ Cc nhm khc nhn xt
+ Cho im mi nhm
* TL 1:
1/
4
lim
x
2
11
2
1 4
2

+
+ +
x
x x
2/
3
lim
x
6
2 4
6 3
3
2

+
x
x
* nh l 1: (SGK trang
125)
VD2 : Tm cc gii hn
ca hm s :
1/
4
lim
x
2
1 4
2
+
+ +
x
x x
3/
1
lim
x

+
1
6 5
2
x
x x

1
lim
x

+
1
) 6 )( 1 (
x
x x
1
lim
x
7 ) 6 ( + x
4/
2
lim
x

+ +

) 3 1 4 )( 2 (
8 4
x x
x

2
lim
x
3
2
6
4
) 3 1 4 (
4

+ + x
2/
3
lim
x
x
x
6 3
3
2
+
3/
1
lim
x
1
6 5
2

+
x
x x
D. CNG C BI TP
H5 : Gi HS pht biu nh ngha, nh l
Trc nghim khch quan
LUYN TP
I. Mc tiu bi dy
1> V kin thc:
+ Hiu nh ngha gii, gii hn mt bn, gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti v cc
ca hm s
+ Nm cc nh v quy tc
2> V k nng:
+ Bit vn dung nh ngha tm gii hn ca hm s n gin
+ Tm gii hn cc hm s
3> V t duy:
+ Bit quy l v quen
4> V thi : Cn thn, chnh xc
II. Chun b:
1> Gio vin: Chun b bi tp phong ph, bng ph, phiu hc tp.
2> Hc sinh: Nm cc khi nim, nh l trong bi gii hn hm s
III. Phng php dy hc
S dng phng php gi m vn p thng qua cc hot ng iu kin tu duy an
xen hot ng nhm
IV.Tin hnh bi dy
A. n nh lp:
B. Kim tra bi c
1/ Hot ng 1
1: Pht biu nh ngha gii hn ca hm s ti 1 im. Dng nh ngha tm gii hn
ca hm s
3 2
1
lim
5
+

x
x
x

2: php biu nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti v cc. Dng nh ngha tm
gii hn ca hm s
2
1 3
lim

+

x
x
x
C. Bi tp
2/ Hot ng 2: Tm cc gii hn sau:
a,
3
3 4
lim
2
3

+

x
x x
x
c,
9 2 3
1 1
lim
0
+
+

x
x
x
b,
1
2 3
lim
2
1

+

x
x
x
d,
2
2 4
lim
3
2

x
x
x

Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
* Giao nhim v
+ Nhm 1, 2 cu a
+ Nhm 2, 4 cu b
* Theo di hot ng ca
HS, hng dn khi cn
thit
* nh gi kt qu hon
thnh nhim v ca HS
+ Bi ton c dng nh th
no?
+ Ta c th c ngay cch
gii khng?
+ c yu cu bi ton v
nghin cu cch gii
+ c lp tin hnh gii bi
ton
+ Thng bo kt qu cho
GV
+ Chnh xc ho kt qu
HS tr li:
+Dng
0
0
+ Khng. Ta phi lm xut
hin nhn t chung :
* Hoc l kh nhn t
S :
a=2
b=3/2
c=1/2
d=1/3
chung hoc a v dng
xc nh
* Hoc l kh nhn t
chung hoc a v gii hn
c bn quen thuc
3/ Hot ng 3: Tm cc gii hn sau:
a/
x
x
x

+
4
6 2
lim
b/
1
17
lim
2
+
+
x
x
c/
x
x x
x
+
+
+
3
3 2
lim
2
Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
* Giao nhim v
+ Nhm 1, 2 cu a
+ Nhm 2, 4 cu b
* Theo di hot ng ca HS,
hng dn khi cn thit
* nh gi kt qu hon thnh
nhim v ca HS
+ Bi ton c dng nh th
no?
+ Ta c th c ngay cch gii
khng?
+ Bi ton c dng nh th
no?
+ Ta c th c ngay cch gii
khng?
Tng qut :
0
1
1
0
1
1
...
...
) (
b x b x b
a x a x a
x R
m
m
m
m
n
n
n
n
+ + +
+ + +

C th xy ra khi tm gii hn
? ) ( lim
+
x R
x
+ c yu cu bi ton v
nghin cu cch gii
+ c lp tin hnh gii
bi ton
+ Thng bo kt qu cho
GV
+ Chnh xc ho kt qu
+ Khng. Ta chia c t v
mu cho lu tha bc cao
nht ca x c mt trong
phn thc
HS tr li:
Dng

'

<

> t
m n khi
n m khi
b
a
m n khi
n
0

S :
a/ -2
b/ 0
c/ -
4/ Hot ng 4: Tm gii hn ca cc hm s sau:
a/
) 1 ( lim
2
x x x
x
+ +
+
c/
) 3 (
5
2
lim
2
2
x x
x
x
+
+
+

b/
) 1 1 ( lim
2
+

x x
x
d/
) 1
1
1
(
1
lim
2 2
0

+

x x
x
Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
* Theo di hot ng ca HS,
hng dn khi cn thit
* nh gi kt qu hon thnh
nhim v ca HS
+ Bi ton c dng nh th
no?
+ Ta c th c ngay cch gii
khng?
* Nhn xt :
) (
) (
lim
x V
x U
x t
Khi :
t

) ( lim
0
x U
x x

t

) ( lim
0
x V
x x
) ( ). ( lim x V x U
+ c yu cu bi ton v
nghin cu cch gii
+ c lp tin hnh gii
bi ton
+ Thng bo kt qu cho
GV
+ Chnh xc ho kt qu
HS tr li:
+ dng
,
+ Khng. Thng qua php
nhn lin hp (nu c biu
thc cha bin s di du
cn thc) hoc quy ng
mu s a v cng 1
phn thc (nu cha nhiu
phn thc)

S :
a/ 1/2
b/ -1
c/ 6
d/ -1
TIT 2
5/ Hot ng 5: Tm gii hn ca cc hm s sau:
a/
9
7 2
lim
2
3

x
x
x
c/
) 1 ( lim
2 4
+
+
x x x
x

b/
1
1
lim
1

+

x
x
x
d/
5 2 ( lim
2
+

x x
x
Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
+ Nhm 1, 2 : cu a, c
+ Nhm 2, 4 : cu b, d
* Theo di hot ng ca HS,
hng dn khi cn thit
* nh gi kt qu hon thnh
nhim v ca HS
* Nhn mnh quy tc du
+ c yu cu bi ton v
nghin cu cch gii
+ c lp tin hnh gii
bi ton
+ Thng bo kt qu cho
GV
+ Chnh xc ho kt qu
S :
a/ -
b/ +
c/ +
d/ +
6/ Hot ng 6: Bi tp 5 (SGK trang 133)
Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
+ Quan st hnh v. Yu cu
HS tr li
+ Nhn mnh cng c kin
thc
+ Kim tra li bng cch tnh
cc gii hn (bi tp v nh)
Da vo hnh v tr li
HS khc theo di v nhn
xt
0 ) ( lim

x f
x

) ( lim
3
x f
x
+

) ( lim
3
x f
x
Bi 5 : Bng ph
0 lim
n
U
0 lim
n
V
1 1
1
lim ) ( lim +
n
U f
n
0
2
lim ) ( lim
n
V f
n
7/ Hot ng 7: Bi tp 2 (SGK trang 132)
Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
* Hng dn hot ng ca
HS
* nh gi
* a ra li gii cho c lp
+ nh hng cnh gii bi
ton
+ Thng bo kt qu cho
GV
+ Chnh xc ho kt qu
Bi 2 : SGK trang 132
8/ Hot ng 8: Cho cc hm s :
a/

'

+
>

1 3 5
1
1 2
) (
x khi x
x khi
x
x
x f
b/

'

+ +
>

1 1
1
1
2
) (
2
2
x khi x x
x khi
x
x x
x f
Tm cc gii hn bn tri, bn phi v gii hn (nu c) ca hm s f(x) khi x1
Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
* Giao nhim v
+ Nhm 1, 2 cu a
+ Nhm 2, 4 cu b
* Theo di hot ng ca HS,
hng dn khi cn thit
* nh gi kt qu hon thnh
nhim v ca HS
+ c yu cu bi ton v
nghin cu cch gii
+ c lp tin hnh gii
bi ton
+ Thng bo kt qu cho
GV
+ Chnh xc ho kt qu
a/
8 ) ( lim
1

x f
x

1 ) ( lim
1

+

x f
x

1 ) ( lim
1

+

x f
x

) ( lim
1
x f
x
+

khng tn ti
b/
3 ) ( lim
1

+

x f
x

3 ) ( lim
1

+

x f
x
Suy ra
3 ) ( lim
1

x f
x
9/ Hot ng 9: ng dng gii bi tp 7 (SGK trang 133)
Hot ng gio vin Hot ng hoc sinh Ghi bng
* Hng dn hot ng ca
HS
* nh gi
* a ra li gii cho c lp
+ nh hng cnh gii bi
ton
+ Thng bo kt qu cho
GV
+ Chnh xc ho kt qu
Bi 7 (SGK trang 133)
a/ Biu thc xc nh
hm s : d=(d)=
f d
df

b/
+
+

) ( lim d
f d

) ( lim d
f d

D. CNG C V BI TP
- Nhc li cc dng

. 0 , , ,
0
0
- Nhc li khi nim gii hn 1 bn, quy tc tri du
- Bi tp trc nghim khch quan.
KIM TRA 1 TIT
CHNG IV GII HN
A. TRC NGHIM (4 im) nh du x vo thch hp
1/
9 2
9
7 2
7 2
lim
n n n
n n
+
+
bng
0 1 -1/7 +
2/
3 4
4 3
lim
1
1
+

+
n
n n
bng
-4 -1 1/4 Kt qu khc
3/
) 2 3 ( ... 7 4 1 (
) 2 ( ... 4 2
lim
2 2 2
+ + + + +
+ + +
n n
n
bng
0 2/3 8/9 9/8
4/ Hm s
x x
x x
y
sin
3 2
2

gin on ti
x=0 x=k x=/2+k x=0v
x=/2+k
5/
2 3
5 3
lim
2
2
2
+
+
+

x x
x x
x
bng
0 1 - +
6/
Hnh trn biu din th ca hm s no sau y :

2
1 2
+
+

x
x
y

2
1 2
+
+

x
x
y

2
1 2

x
x
y

2
1 2
+

x
x
y
7/
1
2
lim
2
3 2
+
+
+
x
x x
x
bng
0 1 - +
8/ Cho hm s f(x) = x
3
- 3x + 2. Chn mnh sai
f(x) lin tc trn R
Phng trnh f(x) =0 c nghim trn khong (-;-1)
Phng trnh f(x) =0 c t nht mt nghim trn khong (-1;-2)
Phng trnh f(x) =0 c nghim trn khong (2;+)
B. T LUN (6 im)
1/ Bi 1 (3 im) : Tm cc gii hn sau :
a/
9
9 3
lim
2
3
3

x
x
x
b/
x x x
x
+
+
1 3 ( lim
2
c/
1
]
1

+
+ + +
) 1 4 )( 3 4 (
1
...
9 . 5
1
5 . 1
1
lim
n n
2/ Bi 2 (2 im) : Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s sau

'

>

1
1
2 2
1 2
) (
2
x khi ax
x khi
x
x x
x f
(a : hng s)
3/ Bi 3 (1 im) : Chng minh rng, vi mi m phng trnh : x
3
+ mx
2
-1 = 0 lun c 1
nghim dng.