VD:1) C 6 thy gio tham gia hi thi, mi phng thi gm 2 gim kho.

Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cc thy thnh tng cp hi thi? A: 6C2 = 15. 2) Mt hp gm 10 vin bi v 12 vin bi xanh. Rt ngu nhin t hp ra 9 vin bi. Hi c bao nhiu trng hp rt c 4 bi v 5 bi xanh? A: 10C4.12C5 = 166320. 3) Mt l hng gm N sn phm trong c M ph phm. Rt ngu nhin t l hng ra n sn phm. Hi c bao nhiu trng hp rt c m ph phm? A: MCm.(N-M)C(n-m) (Quy tc hp kn)

CHNG I: XC SUT V CC CNG THC TNH XC SUT

1. Php th v bin c (s kin): Php th l s thc hin 1 hot ng vi quy tc nh trc, nhm tc ng ln 1 i tng no v ghi nhn kt qu. Php th ngu nhin l php th m nu thc hin nhiu ln di nhng iu kin nh nhau th kt qu l khng th bo trc. Tuy nhin ta c th lit k c cc kt qu ca n. Ta ch nghin cu php th ngu nhin nn n gin ta gi cc php th ngu nhin l php th. Bin c l kt qu c ghi nhn sau khi thc hin cc php th (ngu nhin). Cc bin c thng gp c k hiu bng cc ch ci in hoa. 2.