PGS.

Phan Quang Minh (HUCE)

Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

H ni 2007

1 Chng I Kt cu b tng ng sut trc

I.1

Khi nim chung v b tng ng sut trc: B tng ng lc trc (BT ULT) l b tng, trong thng qua lc nn trc

to ra v phn b mt lng ng sut bn trong ph hp nhm cn bng vi mt lng mong mun ng sut do ti trng ngoi gy ra. Vi cc cu kin BT ULT, ng sut thng c to ra bng cch ko thp cng cao. B tng thng c cng chu ko rt nh so vi cng chu nn. l nhn t dn n vic xut hin mt loi vt liu hn hp l b tng ct thp (BTCT). Vic xut hin sm ca cc vt nt trong BTCT do bin dng khng tng thch gia thp v b tng l im khi u cho vic xut hin mt loi vt liu mi l b tng ng sut trc. Vic to ra mt ng sut nn c nh cho mt vt liu chu nn tt nhng chu ko km nh b tng s lm tng ng k kh nng chu ko v ng sut ko xy ra sau khi ng sut nn b v hiu. S khc nhau c bn gia BTCT v b tng ULT l ch trong khi BTCT ch l s kt hp n thun gia b tng v ct thp chng cng lm vic mt cch b ng th b tng ULT l s kt hp mt cch tch cc, c ch gia b tng cng cao v ct thp cng cao. Trong cu kin b tng ULT, ngi ta t vo mt lc nn trc to bi vic ko ct thp, nh tnh n hi, ct thp c xu hng co li v s to nn lc nn trc, lc nn trc ny gy nn ng sut nn trc trong b tng v s trit tiu hay lm gim ng sut ko do ti trng s dng gy ra, do vy lm tng kh nng chu ko ca b tng v lm hn ch s pht trin ca vt nt. S kt hp rt hiu qu tn dng c cc tnh cht c th ca hai loi vt liu, l trong khi thp c tnh n hi v cng chu ko cao th b tng l vt liu dn v c cng chu ko rt nh so vi cng chu nn ca n. Nh vy ng lc trc chnh l vic to ra cho kt cu mt cch c ch cc ng sut tm thi nhm tng cng s lm vic ca vt liu trong cc iu kin s dng khc nhau. Chnh v vy

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

2 b tng ULT tr thnh mt s kt hp l tng gia hai loi vt liu hin i c cng cao. So vi BTCT thng, BTCT ng sut trc c cc u im c bn sau: Cn thit v c th dng c thp cng cao. ng sut trong thp thng thng gim t 100 n 240Mpa , nh vy, phn ng sut b mt i ch l mt phn nh ca ng sut ban u th ng sut ban u ca thp phi rt cao, vo khong 1200 n 2000Mpa. t c iu ny th vic s dng thp cng cao l thch hp nht. Cn phi s dng b tng cng cao trong BTCT ULT v loi vt liu ny c kh nng chu ko, chu ct, chu un cao v sc chu ti cao. B tng cng cao t xy ra vt nt do co ngt, c m un n hi cao hn, bin dng do t bin t hn, do ng sut trc trong thp s b mt t hn. Vic s dng b tng cng cao s lm gim kch thc tit din ngang ca cu kin. Vic gim trng lng ca cu kin, vt nhp ln hn s lm tng hiu qu kinh t v k thut. C kh nng chng nt cao hn (do kh nng chng thm tt hn). Dng BTCT ULT, ngi ta c th to ra cc cu kin khng xut hin cc khe nt trong vng b tng chu ko hoc hn ch s pht trin b rng ca khe nt khi chu ti trng s dng. C cng ln hn (do c vng v bin dng b hn).

I.2

Cc phng php gy ng sut trc:

I.2.1 Phng php cng trc: Phng php ny thng s dng cho quy trnh sn xut cc cu kin c sn. Ct thp ULT c neo mt u c nh vo b cn u kia c ko ra vi lc ko N. Di tc dng ca lc N, ct thp c ko trong gii hn n hi v s gin di ra mt on, tng ng vi cc ng sut xut hin trong ct thp. Khi , u cn li ca ct thp c c nh nt vo b. b tng, i cho b tng ng cng v t cng cn thit th bung ct thp. Nh mt l so b ko cng, cc ct thp ny c xu hng co ngn li v thng qua lc dnh gia thp v b tng, cu kin s b nn vi gi tr bng lc N dng khi ko ct thp. u im ca phng php

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

3 cng trc l c th phn b lc nn u n trong cu kin. Nhc im ca phng php ny l phi lp t b t phc tp.

a)

b)

Hnh I.1: S phng php cng trc a- Trc khi bung ct thp ULT; b- Sau khi bung ct thp ULT 1- Ct thp ULT; 2 - B cng; 3 - Vn khun; 4 - Thit b ko thp; 5 - Thit b c nh thp. I.2.2 Phng php cng sau: Phng php ny thng s dng cho kt cu b tng ti ch. Trc ht t thp ULT v ct thp thng thng ri b tng. Khi b tng t n cng nht nh th tin hnh cng ct thp vi ng sut quy nh. Sau khi cng xong, ct thp ULT c neo cht vo u cu kin, thng qua cc neo , cu kin s b nn bng lc dng khi ko cng ct thp. Trong phng php cng sau, kt cu BTCT ULT c chia lm 2 loi: kt cu b tng ULT dng cp dnh kt v kt cu b tng ULT dng cp khng dnh kt. Loi kt cu b tng ULT dng cp dnh kt, khi thi cng phi t sn ng gen lun cp, sau khi ko cng ct thp, tin hnh bm pht va xi mng mc cao chn lp khe h gia cp thp v ng gen. u cp thp c neo cht bng nm vo b tng v tr thnh cc im ta truyn lc nn vo b tng. u im ca phng php cng sau l khng cn b t ring, c th d dng thi cng ko cng thp ti v tr kt cu ti cng trnh nh thn xi l, ng khi, dm, sn

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

4 a)

b)

Hnh I.2: S phng php cng sau a - Trong qu trnh cng; b- Sau khi cng 1- Ct thp ULT; 2 - Cu kin BTCT; 3 - ng rnh; 4 - Thit b kch; 5 - Neo. I.2.3 Mt s cng ngh khc to ng sut trc: Ngoi 2 phng php cng trc v cng sau, trong BTCT ng sut trc cn s dng mt s phng php sau: I.2.3.1 S dng xi mng n to ng sut trc trong b tng: Theo phng php ny, trong qu trnh ninh kt v pht trin cng , xi mng n lm tng th tch, cc ct thp trong b tng s ngn cn s dn n ca xi mng, kt qu l trong b tng c mt lc nn khong 600-700Mpa. Ngi ta c th s dng loi xi mng c bit cho s trng n ny. Song, thc t cng c th bin xi mng Pooclang thng thng thnh loi xi mng c bit ny bng cch trn thm ph gia aluminat v thch cao. Loi xi mng trng n t to ng sut trc ny dng ch to cc kt cu nh b cha, cu tu, cc, dm, panen mi che cho nh cng nghip. Phng php ny cn gi l phng php ho hc to ULT. I.2.3.2 Dng kch p ngoi to ng sut trc: Khc vi 2 phng php cng trc v cng sau, kch t 2 u kt cu khng dng ko cng ct thp ra m dng p cht cu kin b tng li, cp hoc ct thp c neo vo cc gi ta. Sau khi b kch ra, to ra trng ULT lun c duy tr trong kt cu.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

Hnh I.3: S to ULT bng kch p ngoi 1 - Cu kin BTCT ULT; 2 - Kch; 3 - B t

I.3

Vt liu s dng cho b tng ng sut trc:

I.3.1 B tng cng cao: B tng ng sut trc yu cu s dng b tng t cng chu nn cao trong thi gian ngn vi cng chu ko tng i cao hn so vi b tng thng thng, co ngt thp, tnh t bin thp nht v gi tr m un n hi ln. Theo tiu chun n IS:1343-1980, cng chu nn ca khi lp phng ti 28 ngy tui l 40Mpa i vi cu kin cng trc v 30Mpa i vi cu kin cng sau. Theo tiu chun ACI318, b tng t cng chu nn ti 28 ngy tui t 27.58 n 68.95 Mpa. I.3.1.1 ng sut cho php trong b tng theo tiu chun ACI 318-2002: ng sut cho php trong b tng c quy nh v khng ch tu theo tng tiu chun. Theo tiu chun ACI 318-2002 c quy nh nh sau: I.3.1.1.1 ng sut trong b tng ngay sau khi truyn lc ng sut trc (trc khi xy ra tn hao ng sut) khng c vt qu cc gi tr sau: + ng sut nn ln nht: 0.60fci. + ng sut ko ti 2 u mt ca cu kin c gi ta n gin: 0.5 f ci' + ng sut ko ti cc v tr khc: 0.25 f ci' Nu ng sut ko vt qu cc gi tr trn th cn b tr thm thp chu ko (thp thng hoc thp ng sut trc) vo vng chu ko chu tng lc ko trong b tng c tnh ton vi gi thit tit din khng b nt. I.3.1.1.2 ng sut ng vi ti trng lm vic (sau khi xy ra tn hao ng sut): + ng sut nn ln nht do ti trng di hn: 0.45fc.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

+ ng sut nn ln nht do tng ti trng: 0.60fc. + ng sut ko ln nht vi tit din khng cho php nt: 0.5 f c' + ng sut ko ln nht vi tit din cho php nt:
f c'

ng sut c th vt qu ng sut cho php nu phn tch v kim tra chng t c kt cu khng b h hng. I.3.1.2 M un n hi ca b tng: c trng ng sut - bin dng ca b tng khi chu nn khng phi l tuyn tnh nhng vi ti trng khng vt qu 30% cng ph hoi th c th gi thit bin dng l tuyn tnh. Cn xc nh c tnh bin dng ca b tng di tc dng ca ti trng ngn hn v ti trng di hn xc nh cng chu un v m un n hi, t tnh ton vng ca cu kin ng sut trc. M un n hi ca b tng tng ln cng vi cng chu nn trung bnh ca b tng nhng vi tc chm hn. Theo tiu chun ACI 318-2002, m un n hi ca b tng: Ec=4730 f c' (Mpa). I.3.2 Thp cng cao: Thp ng sut trc c th l si, cp hoc thanh thp hp kim. Thp si s dng cho b tng LT ni chung tun theo tiu chun ASTM A421. Si thp c qun thnh cun v c ct v lp nh my hay ti hin trng. Trc khi thi cng, si thp cn c v sinh b mt tng lc dnh kt vi b tng. Cp ng sut trc ph bin nht l loi cp 7 si, c cng chu ko ti hn Hin nay, ngoi loi cp n 7 si cn c loi cp bao gm nhiu cp n kt hp vi nhau . Loi cp ny c u im l mng, nh v do. Thp thanh s dng cho b tng LT tun theo tiu chun ASTM A-322 v A29, vi yu cu c ng sut ph hoi t ti 90% cng gii hn. Mc d cng gii hn thc t thng t ti 1100 MPa, nhng gi tr tiu chun nh nht thng ly l 1000 MPa. Hu ht cc tiu chun thng a ra gii hn chy nh fpu l 1720Mpa v 1860Mpa, kt dnh hoc khng kt dnh.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

7 nht l 896 MPa mc d gi tr thc t cn cao hn. gin di nh nht ti lc ph hoi v tr chiu di bng 20 ln ng knh l 4%, vi gim nh nht ca tit din ti lc ph hoi l 25%. Thp cng cao c sn xut t hp kim bao gm mangan, silic, cacbon,bng phng php cn ngui hoc bng phng php cn nng v c ti, lm cho cng. a) b) c)

Hnh I.4: Cc loi cp ng sut trc a-Cp 7 si(cp n) b-Cp dt c-Cp nhiu si

ng sut ko cho php trong thp theo ACI: + ng sut ln nht do cng thp (trc khi truyn ng sut) khng c vt qu s nh hn ca: 0.80fpu v 0.94fpy + ng sut ko ln nht ngay sau khi truyn lc ng sut trc khng c vt qu s nh hn ca: 0.74fpu v 0.82fpy + ng sut ln nht trong thp cng sau ti vng neo ngay sau khi neo thp: 0.70fpu Bng I.1 Mt s c tnh ca cp ng sut trc
Loi cp ng knh danh nh Din tch danh nh Khi lng danh nh Cng chu ct Cng chu ko Ti trng ph hoi nh nht M un n hi dn di mm mm2 kg/m Mpa Mpa kN GPa % 13mm 15mm EN318 hoc ASTM A416 EN318 hoc ASTM A416 BS 5896 super Grade 270 BS 5896 super Grade 270 12.9 12.7 15.7 15.2 100 98.7 150 140 0.785 0.775 1.18 1.1 1580 1670 1500 1670 1860 1860 1770 1860 186 183.7 265 260.7 195 ln nht 2.5

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

8 I.3.3 Cc vt liu khc: Ngoi 2 vt liu chnh l b tng cng cao v thp cng cao cn c mt s vt liu khc: I.2.3.1 ng gen: i vi b tng ULT cng sau dnh kt th cn t sn ng gen trong b tng. C 2 loi ng gen thng dng: Loi bng tn mng 0.2 - 0.3mm c pha ch lm gim ma st cun mp v cun theo kiu xon rut g. ng gen bng cc loi ng kim loi, ng trn trn c b dy 2 - 4mm. Yu cu ng gen l phi chng thm tt gi cho nc xi mng khng thm vo ng trong qu trnh b tng v bo v cp, ng phi bn khng b h hng bin dng trong qu trnh thi cng. Tuy nhin, ng li phi mm t cong theo thit k v ma st gia ng gen vi cp khng c qu ln.

Hnh I.5: Cu to ng gen 1-ng gen; 2- b cp; 3- l pht va I.2.3.2 Va pht: Sau khi cng cp v neo, cn lp y k h trong ng gen bng va xi mng. Va c pht vo ng gen di p lc khong 6atm. Cng ca va sau 7 ngy t nht phi t 2000Mpa.

I.4

Thit b s dng to ng sut trc:

I.4.1 Phng php cng trc: H thng to ULT bao gm hai khi neo t cch nhau mt khong cch no , thp ULT c cng gia hai khi neo ny trc khi b tng, lc cng c to bi cc kch thu lc hoc kch vt ln.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

9 I.4.1 Phng php cng sau: Cc thit b cn thit i vi phng php cng sau bao gm: Bm v kch to ULT Neo My lun cp Thit b ct cp Hn hp va v bm va My lun cp v thit b bm va ch cn thit i vi cu kin b tng ULT s dng cp dnh kt. Cp c th c lun vo ng dn trc khi t ng dn vo v tr hoc sau khi t ng dn vo v tr . Nu cp ngn th khng cn s dng my lun cp. Neo c thit k c nh cp c hai u cp. i vi cp khng di lm (di 30m), c th b tr mt u neo c nh v mt u neo cng tc. Khi cp qu di th b tr neo cng tc to ULT c hai u trnh tn hao ng sut do ma st. Cu to neo n gin, cp cn phi di qu u neo mt on v s c ct ngn sau khi truyn lc ng sut. Hin nay neo cng tc c s dng ph bin nht l h neo Freyssinet dng nm hnh cn kp cht si cp. Neo bao gm bn m bng thp c l cp lun qua, nm hnh cn v l xo trnh ng sut cc b trong b tng vng neo. Nm hnh cn s t ng dch chuyn v pha bn m kho cp v c tc dng nh mt b phn truyn ng sut t ng. Neo c ch to thun li cho vic o dn di ca cp v gia ti ULT. C 4 dng thit b cng thp Cng bng thit b c kh: thit b ny thng bao gm cc khi nng c hoc khng c b truyn lc n by, b truyn lc bnh rng kt hp vi khi rng rc c hoc khng c bnh rng v my cun si. Thit b ny c s dng ch yu sn xut cc thnh phm b tng ULT trong nh my vi quy m ln. Cng bng thit b thu lc: y l thit b n gin nht to ra lc ULT ln, c s dng rng ri. Cc kch thu lc thng dng c lc cng t 5-100 tn. Cc kch thu lc ln c lc cng t 200-600 tn. Khi s dng kch thu lc, quan trng nht l phi o chnh xc lc cng trong sut qu trnh cng.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

10 Cng bng nguyn l in hc: phng php ny to lc ULT bng cch nung

nng cp bng dng in, cp c neo trc khi b tng. Thp c nung nng nhit 300-4000C trong vng 3-5 pht. Thp s gin di ra khong 0.4-0.5%. Sau khi ngui, thp s co ngn li nhng b neo cn tr. Thi gian thp ngui khong 1215 pht. Phng php ny c th to ra ng sut cng ban u t 500-600 Mpa. Cng bng phng php ho hc: s dng xi mng trng n to ULT, gin n c iu chnh bng phng php bo dng.

a)

b)

Hnh I.6: Cu to neo a- Neo cng tc; b- Neo c nh 1-Cp ; 2- ai xon; 3- bn thp m; 4- neo; 5- va xi mng bt l neo; 6- cu kin b tng. I.5 Tn hao ng sut: ng sut ban u trong b tng s gim theo thi gian t khi truyn ng sut do nhiu nguyn nhn. Hin tng ny c gi l tn hao ng sut. Vic xc nh chnh xc ln ca tn hao ng sut rt cn thit khi thit k. C nhiu nguyn nhn gy tn hao ng sut. C loi hao ng sut xy ra ngay sau khi truyn ng sut, c loi hao ng sut xy ra theo thi gian.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

11 Bng I.2 l mt s loi hao ng sut trong b tng ULT s dng phng php cng trc v cng sau. Bng I.2 Cc loi hao ng sut
stt Cng trc 1 Do bin dng n hi ca btng stt Cng sau 1 Nu cc si cp c cng ng thi th khng xy ra hao ng sut do bin dng n hi.Nu cc si cp c cng ln lt th s xy ra hao ng sut do bin dng n hi ca b tng 2 Do chng ng sut trong 2 Do chng ng sut trong thp thp 3 Do co ngt ca b tng 3 Do co ngt ca b tng 4 Do t bin ca b tng 4 Do t bin ca b tng 5 Do ma st 6 Do bin dng neo

Tn hao ng sut tng cng cho php trong thit k: Khi thit k cc cu kin b tng ULT, ngi ta thng gi thit tng tn hao ng sut bng mt t l phn trm ca ng sut ban u. V hao ng sut ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh tnh cht ca b tng v thp, phng php bo dng, ln ca ng sut trc v phng php ULT nn rt kh xc nh chnh xc tng tn hao ng sut. C th a ra mt t l in hnh ca tng tn hao ng sut trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng nh sau: Bng I.7 T l hao ng sut
Loi hao ng sut T l hao ng sut (%) Cng trc Cng sau Co ngt n hi v un ca b tng 4 1 T bin ca b tng 6 5 Co ngt ca b tng 7 6 Chng ng sut ca thp 8 8 Tng cng 25 20

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

12 Chng II Cc phng php tnh ton sn b tng ng lc trc

II.1 sau:

Cc quan nim phn tch kt cu b tng ng lc trc: Hin nay, vic phn tch cu kin b tng ULT da trn ba quan nim c bn

II.1.1 Quan nim th nht: Quan nim ny coi b tng ULT nh vt liu n hi, tnh ton theo ng sut cho php. B tng l vt liu chu nn tt, chu ko km. Nu khng phi chu ng sut ko do c nn trc thng qua vic ko trc ct thp, trong b tng s khng b xut hin vt nt, nh vy c th xem nh b tng ULT l vt liu n hi. Vi quan nim ny, khi b tng t vo trng thi chu lc th ng sut ko gy ra do ti trng ngoi s b trit tiu bi ng sut nn trc, nh vy s hn ch c b rng vt nt v khi vt nt cha xut hin th c th s dng cc phng php ca l thuyt n hi tnh ton. II.1.2 Quan nim th hai: Quan nim ny coi b tng ULT lm vic nh BTCT thng vi s kt hp gia b tng v thp cng cao, b tng chu nn v thp chu ko v gy ra mt cp ngu lc khng li m men do ti trng ngoi gy ra. Nu s dng thp cng cao n thun nh thp thng th khi b tng xut hin vt nt, thp vn cha t n cng . Nu thp c ko trc v neo vo b tng th s c c s bin dng v ng sut ph hp vi c hai loi vt liu. II.1.3 Quan nim th ba: Quan nim ny coi ULT nh mt thnh phn cn bng vi mt phn ti trng tc dng ln cu kin trong qu trnh s dng, tnh ton theo phng php cn bng ti trng. y l phng php kh n gin v d s dng tnh ton, phn tch cu kin BT ULT. Cp ULT c thay th bng cc lc tng ng tc dng vo b tng. Cp to ra mt ti trng ngc ln, nu chn hnh dng cp v lc ULT ph

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

13 hp s cn bng c cc ti trng tc dng ln sn, do vng ca sn ti mi im u bng 0. II.1.3.1 Cc hnh dng cp v ti trng cn bng: Hnh dng cp Ti trng cn bng M=Pe S ti cn bng vng
ML2 8 EI

W =

4 Pe L

WL3 48EI

w=

8 Pe L2

5wL4 384 EI a (3 4a 2 )WL3 24 EI

W =

Pe aL

II.1.3.2 Quy trnh tnh ton theo quan nim th 3: 1- Tnh ton s b tit din ct v chiu dy sn, loi vt liu s dng. Kim tra chc thng sn do lc ct. 2- Xc nh ti trng cn bng (ch yu ph thuc iu kin kinh t). Thng thng, ti trng cn bng thng ly vo khong 0.8 - 1 ln trng lng bn thn sn. 3- Xc nh hnh dng cp, tnh ton lc ULT yu cu. 4- Phn tch sn vi cc ti trng: hot ti, tnh ti, ti ULT (sau khi k n cc hao ng sut). 5- Tnh ton ng sut, kim tra cc giai on lm vic ca sn, kim tra vng v kh nng chu lc.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

14 6- Tu thuc vo kt qu ca bc 5, c th iu chnh chiu dy sn v lc ULT. C th b sung ct thp thng hn ch vt nt v tng kh nng chu ct, lng thp ny thng b tr qua u ct hoc nhp bin. II.1.4 Nhn xt: Vic thit k sn b tng ULT u c th s dng cc quan nim phn tch trn. Mi phng php u c cc u nhc im ring. V vy, vn t ra i vi ngi thit k l la chn quan nim no n gin ho vic phn tch v tnh ton, ph hp vi cng c thit k hin c. Kt cu BTCT ni chung v kt cu b tng ULT ni ring c tnh ton theo hai trng thi gii hn: Trng thi gii hn th nht: v kh nng chu lc. Trng thi gii hn th hai: v iu kin s dng bnh thng (iu kin v bin Khi tnh ton kt cu b tng ULT, tu theo tng quan nim tnh ton c th xut pht t trng thi gii hn th nht hoc th hai ri kim tra kt cu vi trng thi cn li. Quan nim th nht v th ba d dng nh gi s l vic ca cu kin trong giai on s dng nhng khng tnh ton c trc tip kh nng chu lc. Vi quan nim th hai th vic kim tra trng thi gii hn th 2 phc tp hn. Phng php cn bng ti trng cho php ngi thit k d on c d dng vng ca cu kin ngay t khi chn ti trng cn bng, nht l i vi h kt cu siu tnh. ng vi cc giai on lm vic ca sn c cc trng hp kim tra nh sau: Kim tra lc bung neo: Lc bung neo, sn chu tc dng ca cc lc: lc ULT, trng lng bn thn sn. Kim tra trong giai on s dng: Vi cc ti trng: lc ULT, tnh ti tiu chun v hot ti tiu chun. Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca sn:

dng vng v nt)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

15 Kh nng chu ti ca sn bao gm kh nng chu ct v chu un. Lc ny, cu kin lm vic cu kin chu un BTCT thng. Ti trng tnh ton bao gm tnh ti tnh ton v hot ti tnh ton. Kim tra vng, nt: vng ca sn bao gm vng tc thi do hot ti v vng tng cng do ti trng thng xuyn. Do lc ULT s gy ra vng trong cu kin nn mt phn vng do ti trng bn thn ca sn c khng li bi vng do lc ULT. vng t bin do ti trng di hn c tnh gn ng bng cch ly vng do ti trng di hn nhn vi h s t bin.

II.2

Cc phng php tnh ton ni lc trong sn phng: phn tch sn, tnh ton ni lc, ng sut trong sn c th s dng nhiu

cch khc nhau. Di y gii thiu 3 phng php thng dng hin nay. II.2.1 Phng php phn phi trc tip: Trong tnh ton bn sn theo phng php phn phi trc tip, mmen un M0 ca tng bn c phn phi cho cc min mmen m v mmen dng da trn bng tra cc h s c lp sn. Phng php phn phi trc tip mang tnh ng dng cao, d s dng v n gin. Tuy nhin phm vi s dng hi b hn ch. Phng php phn phi trc tip theo tiu chun ACI: m bo kh nng chu un ca sn trng thi gii hn chu c m men m v m men dng do ti trng bt li nht gy ra, tiu chun ACI a ra cc iu kin sau: Phi c t nht 3 nhp lin tc theo mi phng. Cc nhp phi u nhau. Theo tng phng, cc nhp k nhau khng c chnh Tt c cc ti trng u l ti trng ng, hot ti phi l ti trng phn b u Cc sn phi l hnh ch nht, t l nhp di v nhp ngn khng c vt

nhau qu 1/3 chiu di nhp ln hn. v nh hn 2 ln tnh ti. qu 2.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

16 Ct khng c lch v tr qu 10% khong cch gia cc ng tim ct ca cc Quy trnh tnh ton theo phng php phn phi trc tip: II.2.1.1 Xc nh m men tng cng: M men tng cng do ti trng tnh ton M0:
M0 =
2 wu l 2 l n 8

ct k tip nhau theo mi phng.

(II.1)

Trong :

wu: ti trng phn b l2: b rng dm - bn. ln: chiu di thng thu ca nhp, c tnh l khong cch gia

2 mt trong ca gi ta (ct, m ct, hoc vch) nhng khng c nh hn 0.65l1 (l1 l khong cch tm 2 gi ta). II.2.1.2 Phn phi m men cho cc bn: i vi cc nhp trong, m men M0 c phn phi 65% cho m men m v 35% cho m men dng. Gi tr ny xp x nh dm ngm 2 u chu ti trng phn b da trn gi thit gc xoay ca cc im lin kt pha trong l khng ng k. Tit din ti hn i vi m men m l tit din ti v tr mt gi ta (ct, tng, m ct) ca bn sn. Vi ct trn, tit din ti hn i vi m men m nm ti v tr cnh hnh vung tng ng. i vi cc ct bin, lc ch tc dng ln ct mt pha nn s gy ra m men khng cn bng. Gc xoay s lm gim m men m v tng m men dng gia nhp v gi trong u tin. ln gc xoay ca ct bin ph thuc vo cng ca ct tng ng. Nu cng ca ct ln so vi cng ca dm - bn, ct s ngn cn gc xoay ca bin ngoi ca sn v ng vai tr nh mt lin kt ngm, t l phn phi m men M0 s tng t nh cc nhp trong (65% ti gi v 35% ti nhp). Ngc li, nu cng ca ct khng ln, ct ng vai tr nh mt gi c nh. Lc ny, m men ti gi ngoi s bng 0, m men gia nhp l 0.63M0, m men ti gi trong u tin bng 0.75M0. Nu sn khng c dm bin, t l phn phi ln lt cho cc tit din trn s l 0.26M0, 0.50M0, 0.70M0. Nu sn c dm bin: 0.30M0, 0.50M0, 0.70M0.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

17 II.2.1.3 Phn phi m men cho cc di nhp v di ct: Sau khi phn phi m men cho cc bn, cn phn phi m men cho cc di nhp v di ct ca bn.
di nhp di ct di ct di nhp di ct

di nhp di nhp

di ct

di ct

di ct

L1<L'1

L2<L'2

Hnh II.1. S di ct v di nhp S phn phi m men m v m men dng cho cc di ct ph thuc vo t s l2/l1 v l2/l1, vi sn khng dm =0. Sau khi phn phi m men cho di ct, lng m men cn li s phn phi cho di nhp. i vi m men dng, 60% s phn phi cho di ct. i vi m men m: i vi nhp gia, 75% m men m phn phi cho di ct. i vi nhp bin, s phn phi m men ph thuc l2/l1, l2/l1, cng chng xon ca dm bin t .
t =
E cb C 2 E cs I s

(II.2)

Trong :

Ecb v Ecs: m un n hi ca b tng dm v b tng sn Is: m men qun tnh ca dm bn C: hng s lin quan n cng chng xon ca dm bin
x x3 y C = (1 0.63 ) y 3

(II.3)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

18 vi x l cnh ngn, y l cnh di ca tit din ch nht thnh phn trong tit din ngang chu xon trong phm vi chiu cao tit din ct. Nu t rt nh, gn bng 0, 100% m men m s phn phi cho di ct. Nu
t 2.5 th 75% m men m s phn b cho di ct.

II.2.2 Phng php khung tng ng: V lc ct v m men un trong sn l do ti trng thng ng tc dng ln tng sn nn c th phn tch c lp tng sn. Phng php khung tng ng c dng xc nh ni lc cho sn, s nhp bt k, nhp c th l u hoc khng u nhau. Theo phng php ny, tng tng ct ton b sn dc theo ng tim ca sn, to thnh khung theo c 2 phng, gi l khung tng ng. Khung tng ng c phn t ct bao gm 2 ct tng trn v tng di k tip nhau ca sn v phn t dm c chiu rng tnh t tm 2 nhp k tip nhau, chiu cao bng chiu dy sn. Ct c gi thit l ngm 2 u.

Hnh II.2. S khung tng ng II.2.2.1 M men qun tnh ca dm - bn: M men qun tnh ca dm - bn thay i dc theo trc dm - bn do nh hng ca kch thc cc b phn kt cu ct, m ct v bn m ct (nu c).

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

19 cng ca bn sn ti v tr ct hoc trong phm vi m ct c th xem nh cng tuyt i, ti gn v tr vi m ct hoc ct, cng ca dm - bn nh hn. T tim ct n mt ct hoc mp m ct, m men qun tnh ca dm - bn ly bng m men qun tnh ti mt ct hoc ti mt m ct chia cho (1 - c2/l2)2, trong c2 l kch thc ca ct hoc m ct, l2 l kch thc nhp theo phng ang xt. II.2.2.2 Ct tng ng: Trong khung tng ng, i vi sn khng dm, ton b phn m men trong sn gia cc cnh ct v dm - bn s truyn thng qua lc xon. m t phn ng ca kt cu i vi s truyn m men gia sn v ct do un v xon, gi thit rng ct c cnh tay n v 2 pha ca ct. Cnh tay n ny s truyn m men t sn vo ct thng qua xon. Ct pha trn v ct pha di sn cng vi cnh tay n ny c coi nh mt cu kin, c gi l ct tng ng.

cnh tay n

b rng dm - bn

Hnh II.3. Ct tng ng cng ca ct tng ng c tnh nh sau:

1 = K ec 1 1 + Kc Kt

(II.4)

Trong :

Kec:

cng ca ct tng ng
c

: tng cng ca ct pha trn v pha di sn Kc=kcEI/lc

cng ca ct:

Vi ct c tit din khng i: kc=4 lc : chiu di ca ct c tnh t tm sn tng di n tm sn tng trn. Kt: cng chng xon ca cnh tay n

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

20
9 E cs C l 2 (1 c 2 l 2 ) 3

Kt =

(II.5)

Ecs: m un n hi ca b tng sn c2: b rng ct l2: b rng ca dm - bn C: m men chng xon ca cnh tay n. Vi tit din hnh ch nht:
x x3 y C = (1 0.63 ) y 3

(II.6)

vi x l cnh ngn, y l cnh di ca tit din ch nht thnh phn trong tit din ngang chu xon trong phm vi chiu cao tit din ct. Nu c dm theo phng vung gc vi phng tnh ton chy qua ct th Kt nn tng ln Isb/Is vi Is l m men qun tnh ca bn khng k n thn dm, Isb l m men qun tnh ng thi ca bn v dm. Lc , cng thc (II.4) tr thnh:
1 = K ec 1 1 + K c K t ( I sb I s )

(II.7)

II.2.2.3 Tnh ton m men trong khung tng ng: C th s dng my tnh vi cc chng trnh tnh ton theo phng php phn t hu hn xc nh m men trong khung tng ng. II.2.3 Phng php phn t hu hn: Hin nay, vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v cc phn mm tnh ton theo phng php phn t hu hn (PTHH), vic tnh ton ngy cng tr nn thun tin v chnh xc. Phng php PTHH l mt cng c c hiu lc gii cc bi ton t n gin n phc tp trong nhiu lnh vc. Thc cht ca phng php ny l chia vt th bin dng thnh nhiu phn t c kch thc hu hn gi l phn t hu hn. Cc phn t ny c lin kt vi nhau bng cc im gi l nt. Cc phn t ny vn l cc phn t lin tc trong phm vi ca n, nhng do c hnh dng n gin nn cho php nghin cu d dng hn da trn c s ca mt s quy lut v s phn b chuyn v v ni lc. Kt cu lin tc c chia thnh mt s hu hn

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

21 cc min hoc cc kt cu con c kch thc cng nh cng tt nhng phi hu hn. Cc min hoc cc kt cu con c gi l cc PTHH, chng c th c dng hnh hc v kch thc khc nhau, tnh cht vt liu c gi thit khng thay i trong mi phn t nhng c th thay i t phn t ny sang phn t khc. Kch thc hnh hc v s lng cc phn t khng nhng ph thuc vo hnh dng hnh hc v tnh cht chu lc ca kt cu (bi ton phng hay bi ton khng gian, h thanh hay h tm v...) m cn ph thuc vo yu cu v mc chnh xc ca bi ton t ra. Li PTHH cng mau, ngha l s lng phn t cng nhiu hay kch thc ca phn t cng nh th mc chnh xc ca kt qu tnh ton cng tng, t l thun vi s phng trnh phi gii. Cc c trng ca cc PTHH c phi hp vi nhau a n mt li gii tng th cho ton h. Phng trnh cn bng ca ton h kt cu c suy ra bng cch phi hp cc phng trnh cn bng ca cc PTHH ring r sao cho vn m bo c tnh lin tc ca ton b kt cu. Cui cng, cn c vo iu kin bin, gii h phng trnh cn bng tng th xc nh gi tr ca cc thnh phn chuyn v. Cc thnh phn ny c dng tnh ng sut v bin dng.

II.3

Thit k sn b tng ng sut trc vi li ct u n: Cc phng php thit k: phn phi trc tip, khung tng ng v PTHH

u c th s dng trong thit k sn b tng ULT v u da trn quan nim b tng ULT l vt liu n hi. Phng php phn phi trc tip c phm vi p dng hp hn 2 phng php cn li v kh khn trong vic tnh ton bn sn theo trng thi gii hn th 2 (kim tra vng v nt). Phng php khung tng ng c phm vi p dng rng ri hn, c th xc nh c ti trng cc giai on lm vic v cho php ngi thit k nh gi c vng ca sn mt cch trc quan thng qua vic p dng cc chng trnh my tnh. Hin nay, phng php ph bin v hiu qu thit k sn b tng ULT l phng php cn bng ti trng, s dng khung tng ng phn phi m men do lc ULT v do cc ti trng tc dng ln sn.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

22 Quy trnh thit k: 1- S b chn chiu dy sn.

Bng II.1 dy ti thiu ca sn b tng ULT Ti trng Nh Trung bnh Nng T l nhp/chiu dy sn 40 - 48 34 - 42 28 - 36

Trong t l nhp/chiu dy sn th nhp l nhp di ca sn. 2- Xc nh ti trng cn bng w. 3- Chn hnh dng cp v tnh ton lc ULT yu cu. Hnh dng cp cng gn vi biu m men do ti trng ngoi gy ra cng tt. i vi sn lin tc chu ti phn b u, cp c th b tr nh sau:

Hnh II.4. S cp i vi sn lin tc Lc ULT yu cu:

Pyc = wL2 8s

(II.8)

vng s trong cng thc trn c th l s1 hoc s2. i vi bn cng xn:

Hnh II.5. S cp i vi bn cng xn Lc ULT yu cu:

Pyc = wL2 2s

(II.9)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

23 4- Tnh ton cc hao ULT: Chn ng sut cng ban u: Tnh cc hao ULT: Hao do ma st. Hao do bin dng neo. Hao do cc nguyn nhn khc: do co ngt ca btng, do t bin ca btng, do Sau khi tnh ton cc hao ULT f , tnh c ULT hiu qu:
f se = f pi f
f pi 0.8 f pu

(II.10)

s chng ng sut trong thp

(II.11)

5- Tnh s lng cp v b tr cp. Lc ULT ca mt cp:

P1cap = f se A1

(II.12)

Lc cng yu cu cho dm - bn rng l:

P = Pyc l

(II.13)

S lng cp cn thit:
n= P P1cap

(II.14)

Cp ULT qua ct hoc xung quanh mp ct gp phn ln hn vo kh nng chu ti so vi thp ULT xa ct. V vy nn b tr khong 65-75% cp cho di ct, cn li b tr cho di gia. 6- Kim tra cc giai on lm vic ca sn,kh nng chu lc, vng, nt: S dng khung tng ng tnh ton, kim tra sn. Kim tra cc giai on lm vic ca sn: Sn c kim tra lc bung neo v trong giai on s dng. Trong cc giai on lm vic ca sn, ng sut trong b tng khng c vt qu gi tr cho php trong phn I.3.1.1. ng sut trong b tng: Trong : M:
f = P M A W

(II.15)

m men do cc trng hp ti ng vi tng giai on

lm vic ca sn gy ra.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

24 W: m men khng un ca dm - bn.

8sP L2

Lc ULT P s gy ra ti trng cn bng:

w=

(II.16)

Hnh II.6. Ti trng cn bng + Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca sn: Kh nng chu un: Coi vt liu lm vic trong giai on n hi, m men do ti trng tnh ton gy ra khng c vt qu m men gii hn.
M f Mu

(II.17)

Ape As

Ape f pe As f y

Hnh II.7. Kh nng chu un ca tit din ch nht

P : h s ph thuc vo loi cp ULT, c cc gi tr

=0.55 nu (fpy/fpu) 0.80 =0.40 nu (fpy/fpu) 0.85 =0.28 nu (fpy/fpu) 0.90

1 : h s ph thuc vo cng chu nn ca b tng:
1 = 0.85 ( f ' c 30)0.008

As , bd

' =

As' , bd

p =

A ps bd p

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

25
f y
f c'

'=

' f y
f c'

p =

p f pe
f c'

i vi cp dnh kt:
f pe = f pu [1 f pu p d { p ( )+ ( ' )}] 0.50fpu f 'c dp 1

(II.18)

Nu k n thp chu nn ( ' >0) th

f pu p d { p ( )+ ( ' ) 0.17 v d<0.15dp. f 'c dp 1

Hm lng thp phi tho mn cc iu kin sau:

p 0.36 1

p +

d ( ' ) 0.36 1 dp

Nu tit din tho mn iu kin trn th cng chu un gii hn c xc nh nh sau: Tit din ch c thp chu ko (cp dnh kt):
a a M u = 0.9[ A pe f pe ( d p ) + As f y (d )] 2 2

(II.19)

vi

a=

A pe f pe + A p f y 0.85 f ' c b

Tit din hnh ch nht c thp chu nn: Nu th

A pe f pe + A p f y A' s f y bd
600 d' 0.85 1 f ' c ( )( ) d 600 f y

a a a M u = 0.9[ A pe f pe ( d p ) + As f y ( d ) + A' s f y ( d ' )] 2 2 2

(II.20)

vi Nu

a=

A pe f pe + A p f y A' p f y 0.85 f ' c b

d' 600 < 0.85 1 f ' c ( )( ) , ng sut trong thp chu d 600 f y

A pe f pe + A p f y A' s f y bd

nn nh hn fy, c th b qua hiu qu ca thp chu nn v c th xc nh m men nt theo (II.19).

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

26 i vi cp khng dnh kt: Nu t l (nhp/chiu cao tit din) 35, ng sut ph hoi trong cp:
f pe = f se + 70 + f 'c 100 p

(II.21)

nhng khng c ln hn fpy v (fse+400) Nu t l (nhp/chiu cao tit din)>35, ng sut ph hoi trong cp:
f pe = f se + 70 + f 'c 300 p

(II.22)

nhng khng c ln hn fpy v (fse+200) Nu hm lng thp vt qu 0.36 1 , m men gii hn:
2 M u = 0.9 f ' c bd p (0.36 1 0.08 12 )

(II.23)

Kh nng chu ct: iu kin chu ct:

vc = V Mc u Ac Jc

(II.24)

Trong :

V:lc ct Ac: din tch tit din gii hn bao quanh ct. Jc: m men qun tnh ca tit din gii hn bao quanh ct M: tng m men truyn vo ct : h s truyn m men do ng sut ct
= 1
1 2 1+ (c1 + d ) /(c 2 + d ) 3

(II.25)

c: khong cch t trc trung ho ca tit din gii hn n im tnh ng sut.

=0.75: h s an ton.

u : ng sut ct ti hn. u = p f ' c + 0.3 f pc +

Vp b0 d

(II.26)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

27
0.29 p =min 0.265 s d / b0 + 0.4

s :

40 i vi ct gia 30 i vi ct bin 20 i vi ct gc

b0: chu vi ca tit din gii hn fpc: ng sut nn do lc ULT hiu qu gy ra tm tit din Vp: thnh phn thng ng ca ULT hiu qu. c trng ca tit din chu ct: Tit din chu ct c tnh l phn tit din m rng ra mt khong d/2 tnh t mp ct.

Hnh II.8. S xc nh tit din gii hn Xt ct tit din hnh ch nht: Ct gia:
Ac = 2d (c1 + c 2 + 2d ) d (c1 + d ) 3 (c1 + d )d 3 d (c 2 + d )(c1 + d ) 2 Jc = + + 6 6 2

(II.27) (II.28)

Ct bin:
trc trng tm ca tit din gii hn trc trng tm ct

d (c1 + ) 2 2 c= d 2(c1 + ) + (c 2 + d ) 2
Ac = 2d (c1 + d ) + (c 2 + d ) d 2

(II.29)

(II.30)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

28
d d d d (c1 + ) 3 (c1 + )d 3 c1 + d 2 + 2 2 c + (c + d )dc 2 Jc = + 2d (c1 + ) 2 6 6 2 2
2

(II.31)

Ct gc:
trc trng tm ca tit din gii hn trc trng tm ct

d (c1 + ) 2 2 c= d d 2(c1 + ) + (c 2 + ) 2 2
Ac = d (c1 + d ) + d (c 2 + d ) 2

(II.32)

(II.33)

d d d d (c1 + ) 3 (c1 + )d 3 c1 + d 2 + 2 2 c + (c + d )dc 2 Jc = + d (c1 + ) 2 12 12 2 2 2

(II.34)

Kim tra vng: vng c xc nh t khung tng ng v b qua nh hng ca gc

xoay v kh nh. i vi sn lm vic theo 2 phng, vng ti gia sn s l tng vng theo tng phng. e1: e 2: e= e 1+ e 2 : dh1: dh 2: dh = dh 1+ dh 2 : vng tng cng: F: h s vng di hn vng do tng ti trng theo phng l1. vng do tng ti trng theo phng l2. tng vng do tng ti trng. vng do phn tnh ti khng c cn bng bi lc ULT theo phng l1. vng do phn tnh ti khng c cn bng bi lc ULT hot ti theo phng l2. tng vng do phn tnh ti khng c cn bng bi lc ULT. =e+Fdh (II.35)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

29 II.4 cp. Vi trng hp cn bng ti trng cho dm lin tc, ti trng cn bng c trnh by hnh II.9. M hnh cp trong phng php cn bng ti trng: Nh trnh by II.1.3.1, ti trng cn bng th thuc vo qu o b tr

wb1 =

8s1 P L2

Hnh II.9. M hnh cp v ti trng cn bng trong tnh ton Tuy nhin, trong thc t, cp khng th b tr ti gi B nh m hnh tnh ton trn hnh II.9 m phi nh hnh II.10. Do , ti trng cn bng c s sai s gia m hnh tnh ton v m hnh thc t.

wb1 =

8s1 P L2

wb 3 =

8e2 P (0.1L + 0.1L' ) 2

wb 2 =

8s 2 P L' 2

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

30 Hnh II.10. M hnh cp trong thc t Phng php PTHH c th d dng m hnh c ti trng cn bng tng ng theo qu o cp. II.5 Thit k sn b tng ng sut trc vi li ct ngu nhin: i vi mt bng sn c li ct ngu nhin th khng th p dng phng php phn phi trc tip v phng php khung tng ng. Trong trng hp ny, cn xt n s lm vic tng th ca ton b sn v p dng phng php PTHH vi s h tr ca cc phn mm thit k tnh ton. Do vic m hnh ho cp trong phng php PTHH l rt kh khn, nht l vic tnh ton, phn tch phi tri qua cc giai on lm vic khc nhau ca kt cu nn lun vn s dng phng php cn bng ti trng nh trnh by trong II.4. Cc ti trng cn bng c quy v ti phn b trn 1m2 ca sn. Sn c chia thnh cc di c b rng tu thuc vo quy nh ca ngi thit k. Tu thuc vo hnh dng cp, lc ULT s gy ra ti trng cn bng tc dng ln sn hng xung hoc hng ln, ti cn bng c gi tr: Ti nhp, lc hng ln: Ti u ct, lc hng xung: P: lc ULT s: lch tm ca cp nhp e2: vng ca cp ti u ct bd: b rng di l: khong cch gia 2 im un ca cp.
w= 8 P s (kG / m 2 ) 2 l bd

(II.36) (II.37)

w=

8 P e2 (kG / m 2 ) 2 l bd

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

31

Hnh II.12. Ti trng cn bng trong sn do lc ULT gy ra Quy trnh thit k: Quy trnh thit k v c bn vn theo cc bc ca phng php cn bng ti trng v c b sung thm mt s bc ph hp vi vic tnh ton theo phng php PTHH. 1- Tnh ton s b chiu dy sn, loi vt liu s dng, c th tham kho theo bng II.1 2- Xc nh ti trng cn bng. Ti trng cn bng thng chn vo khong 0.8-1 ln trng lng bn thn sn. 3- Tnh ton cc hao ng sut. 4- Xc nh hnh dng cp, tnh ton lc ULT yu cu, tnh s lng cp cn thit. Coi ti trng cn bng l ti trng hng ln, phn b trn 1m2 ca sn. Ti trng ny s gy ra m men M trong cc di sn. Vic xc nh cc m men ny c thc hin bng cch s dng cc phn mm tnh ton sn. Cn c vo biu m men b tr cp. Vi li ct ngu nhin, vic b tr cp c th phi tin hnh nhiu ln tm ra cch b tr thch hp. Lc ULT yu cu cho di:
Pyc = M s

(II.38)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

32 Khi c trn ct trong li ct kh u n, vn tn ti cc di trn ct v di gia nhp. M l m men do ti cn bng gy ra trn cc di sn. S lng cp cn thit: n=
Pyc P1cap

(II.39)

5- Vo s tnh ton vi cc ti trng: hot ti, tnh ti, ti ULT (sau khi k n cc hao ng sut). Cc ti trng c quy v ti phn b trn m2.Ti trng cn bng do lc ULT gy ra c tnh theo cng thc (II.36) v (II.37) 6- Phn tch sn vi cc ti trng (s dng phn mm tnh ton sn). 7- Kim tra sn ng vi cc giai on lm vic, kim tra kh nng chu lc v vng. S dng cc cng thc tnh ton t (II.15) n (II.35) Ti cc giai on lm vic ca sn: ng sut trong b tng:
f = P M A W

Trong : M: gy ra. M men ny c tnh ti v tr mp ct. ng vi giai on bung neo th M l m men do lc ULT sau khi hao ma st v bung neo v trng lng bn thn sn gy ra. ng vi giai on s dng th M l m men do lc ULT hiu qu sau khi hao ng sut v cc ti trng tnh ti, hot ti gy ra. P: lc ULT ng vi tng giai on lm vic ca sn.
M f Mu

m men do cc trng hp ti ng vi tng giai on lm vic ca sn

Kim tra kh nng chu lc:

+ Kh nng chu un:

Mf: m men ti mp ct hoc m men ti gia nhp. Mu: m men gii hn c tnh theo cc cng thc t (II.18) n (II.23) + Kh nng chu ct:
vc vu vc u

: ng sut ct ti mp ct : ng sut ct ti hn

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

33
vc v vu c tnh ton theo cc cng thc t (II.24) n (II.34)

Kim tra vng: =e+Fdh

e: vng tc thi do tng ti trng gy ra. dh: vng tc thi do ti trng di hn gy ra l vng do phn tnh ti khng c cn bng bi lc ULT gy ra. F: h s vng di hn Vi kt cu BT ULT, lc nn trc nh hng n c ni lc tnh ton, do vy quy trnh thit k thng phi thc hin theo mt quy trnh lp.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

34 Chng III Th d tnh ton

III.1. Th d: Sn phng b tng ULT cng sau vi mt bng nh trn hnh III.1, thit k theo tiu chun ACI 318-2002.

Hnh III.1: Mt bng sn. III.1.1 Tnh theo phng php PTHH: 1. Vt liu: -Btng M350 fc=22.75MPa. -Cp ULT khng kt dnh loi T15, ng knh d=15.24mm, t trong ng nha 20. fpu=1860Mpa 2 Ap=140mm2 Eps=2.105 Mpa. -Thp thng AIII: fy=400MPa Tit din cc cu kin:
s = 330mm .

Chiu dy sn

Kch thc ct 1.2x1.2 (m) PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

35 Kch thc m ct 1.4x1.4x0.15 (m) Kch thc dm bin 30x70 (cm)

Ti trng tc dng ln sn: Chiu dy (mm) 10 40 330 15 g (kG/m3) 1800 1800 2500 1800 TT tiu chun (kG/m2) 18 72 825 27 942 200

Cc lp sn Gch CERAMIC 300x300 loi 1 Lp va lt XM 50# Sn BTCT Lp va trt trn XM 50# Tng tnh ti Hot ti

Ti ULT cn bng: w=0.9TLBT sn=0.9 825=743kG/m2. 4 Tnh hao ng sut:

f pi 0.8 f pu = 0.8 1860 = 1488( Mpa ) f pi 0.94 f py = 0.94 1670 = 1570( Mpa )

Chn ng sut cng ban u:

Ly

f pi = 0.75 f pu = 0.75 1860 = 1395( MPa )

-Hao US do ma st: ng sut trung bnh sau khi hao ma st:

f p = 1333.97( MPa )

-Hao US do bin dng neo: Sau khi th neo, cho php neo bin dng 6mm: f = 34.35( MPa ) ng sut trung bnh sau khi hao ma st v bin dng neo:
f 2 = f p f = 1333.97 34.35 = 1299.62( MPa )

Hao ng sut do cc nguyn nhn khc ly bng :18%f2=18% 1299.62=234(MPa)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

36

- ng sut hiu qu:

fse=f2-18%f2=1299.62-234=1065.62(MPa)

Hnh dng cp: Cn c vo biu m men do ti trng cn bng gy ra b tr cp. Vic

xc nh m men ny c thc hin bng chng trnh SAFE 8.08

Hnh III.2: Hnh dng cp di CSX1, CSX5

Hnh III.3: Hnh dng cp di CSX2, CSX4, MSX1, MSX4, MSX2, MSX3

Hnh III.4: Hnh dng cp di CSX3

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

37

Hnh III.5: Hnh dng cp di CSY1, CSY5

Hnh III.6: Hnh dng cp di CSY2, CSY4, MSY1, MSY4, MSY2, MSY3

Hnh III.7: Hnh dng cp di CSY3 -Lp bo v: 30mm. -Cp un cch tm ct 0.1L i vi nhp 9m: i vi nhp 8.5m: i vi nhp 17.5m: i vi nhp 17m: Theo phng X: 0.1 9=0.9 (m) 0.1 8.5=0.85 (m) 0.1 17.5=1.75 (m) 0.1 17=1.7 (m)

-Cp lch tm ln nht ti gia nhp.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

38
330 20 30 20 = 105(mm) 2 2 330 20 30 = 125(mm) 2 2

- lch tm ca cp ti nhp: - lch tm ca cp u ct:

e1 = e2 =

- lch tm tng ng ca cp:

s1 = 167.5(mm) s2 = 230(mm)

Theo phng Y: - lch tm ca cp ti nhp: - lch tm ca cp u ct:

e1 = e2 = 330 20 30 = 125(mm) 2 2 330 20 30 20 = 105(mm) 2 2

- lch tm tng ng ca cp:

s1 = 177.5(mm) s2 = 230(mm)

Lc ULT yu cu cho di:

Pyc = M s

M: M men do ti cn bng gy ra Lc ULT ca 1 cp:

P1cap = f se 140 140 = 1065.62 = 149.2(kN ) 1000 1000

S lng cp cn thit: n= Kt qu lp thnh bng.

Pyc P1cap

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

39 Bng III.1 Tnh ton s lng cp cn thit Tn di lch tm M do ti B rng di ca cp cn bng (mm) (kGm) (m) 167.5 64956.25 4.375 167.5 55218.15 4.5 230 16207 2.125 167.5 5636 4.5 167.5 20505 4.25 177.5 13741 2.25 177.5 23066 4.5 177.5 68688.5 4.375 177.5 33795.5 4.25 177.5 5325 4.25 Pyc (kN) 3877.99 3296.61 704.65 336.48 1224.18 774.14 1299.49 3869.77 1903.97 300.00 P1cp (kN) 149.2 149.2 149.2 149.2 149.2 149.2 149.2 149.2 149.2 149.2 S cp

CSX2 v CSX4 CSX3 CSX1 v CSX5 MSX2 v MSX3 MSX1 v MSX4 CSY1 v CSY5 MSY1 v MSY4 CSY2 v CSY4 CSY3 MSY2 v MSY3

38 42 5 3 8 5 8 38 42 3

6. Kim tra ng sut trong sn: 6.1. Lc bung neo: Lc bung neo, sn chu tc dng ca cc lc: lc ULT, trng lng bn thn sn. -Lc ULT: n Acap=140mm2 f2=1299.62MPa S cp Din tch 1 cp ng sut sau khi hao ma st v bung neo P=nAcapf2

Tu thuc vo hnh dng cp, lc ULT s gy ra ti trng cn bng tc dng ln sn hng xung hoc hng ln, ti cn bng c gi tr: Ti nhp, lc hng ln: Ti u ct, lc hng xung: bd: b rng di l: khong cch gia 2 im un ca cp. Gi tr ca ti cn bng c lp thnh bng.
w=

8 P s (kG / m 2 ) 2 l bd

w=

8 P e2 (kG / m 2 ) 2 l bd

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

40 Bng III.2 Ti trng cn bng do lc ULT sau khi bung neo gy ra Tn di CSX2 v CSX4 CSX3 S cp 38 42 F (kN) 6913.98 7641.77 bd (m) 4.375 4.5 V tr nhp AC, CE trc C nhp AB, DE nhp BD trc B, D nhp AB, DE nhp BC, CD trc B, D trc C nhp AC,CE trc C nhp AC, CE trc C nhp 12, 45 nhp 23, 34 trc 2, 4 trc 3 nhp 13, 35 trc 3 nhp 13, 35 trc 3 nhp 12, 45 nhp 24 trc 2, 4 nhp 13,35 trc 3 l (m) 17.5 3.5 9 17 2.6 9 8.5 1.75 1.7 17.5 3.5 17.5 3.5 8.5 9 1.75 1.8 17.5 3.5 17.5 3.5 8.5 18 2.65 17.5 3.5 w (kG/m2) 691.48 12209.24 2809.32 1081.19 24039.67 708.23 1090.27 13270.87 13723.23 53.07 937.11 149.86 2645.97 794.66 918.47 10295.43 9564.06 149.98 2068.04 949.49 9887.11 3533.91 1021.12 20486.50 59.55 821.13

CSX1 v CSX5

909.73

2.125

MSX2 v MSX3 MSX1 v MSX4 CSY1 v CSY5

3 8 5

545.84 1455.57 909.73

4.5 4.25 2.25

MSY1 v MSY4 CSY2 v CSY4 CSY3

8 38 42

1455.57 6913.98 7641.77

4.5 4.375 4.25

MSY2 v MSY3 ng sut cho php:

545.84

4.25

+ ng sut nn: 0.6fci lc bung neo, cng btng: fci=0.8fc=0.8 22.75=18.2(MPa)

0.6fci=0.6 18.2=10.92 (MPa)

+ ng sut ko: ti u ct: 0.5 f ' ci = 0.5 18.2 = 2.13( MPa) ti nhp: 0.25 f ' ci = 0.25 18.2 = 1.01( MPa)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

41

ng sut trong b tng:

f = P M A W

6.2. Trong giai on s dng: Trong giai on s dng, sn chu tc dng ca cc lc: lc ULT, tnh ti, hot ti. -Lc ULT: n Acap=140mm2 fse=1065.62 MPa S cp Din tch 1 cp ng sut hiu qu sau khi hao ng sut P=nAcapfse

Tu thuc vo hnh dng cp, lc ULT s gy ra ti trng cn bng tc dng ln sn hng xung hoc hng ln, ti cn bng c gi tr: Ti nhp, lc hng ln: Ti u ct, lc hng xung: bd: b rng di l: khong cch gia 2 im un ca cp. Gi tr ca ti cn bng c lp thnh bng.
w=

8 P s (kG / m 2 ) l 2 bd

w=

8 P e2 (kG / m 2 ) 2 l bd

ng sut cho php: + ng sut nn ln nht: 0.6fc=0.6 22.75=13.65 (Mpa) + ng sut ko: ti u ct: 0.5 f ' c = 0.5 22.75 = 2.38( MPa) ti nhp:
f ' c = 22.75 = 4.77( MPa)

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

42 Bng III.3 Ti trng cn bng do lc ULT gy ra Tn di CSX2 v CSX4 CSX3 S cp 38 42 F (kN) 5669.10 6265.85 bd V tr (m) 4.375 nhp AC, CE trc C 4.5 nhp AB, DE nhp BD trc B, D 2.125 nhp AB, DE nhp BC, CD trc B, D trc C 4.5 nhp AC,CE trc C nhp AC, CE trc C nhp 12, 45 nhp 23, 34 trc 2, 4 trc 3 l (m) 17.5 3.5 9 17 2.6 9 8.5 1.75 1.7 17.5 3.5 17.5 3.5 8.5 9 1.75 1.8 17.5 3.5 17.5 3.5 8.5 18 2.65 17.5 3.5 w (kG/m2) 566.98 10010.93 2303.49 886.52 19711.27 580.71 893.97 10881.42 11252.32 43.52 768.38 122.87 2169.55 651.58 753.10 8441.71 7842.03 122.98 1695.68 778.53 8106.91 2897.62 837.27 16797.85 48.83 673.29

CSX1 v CSX5

745.93

MSX2 v MSX3 MSX1 v MSX4 CSY1 v CSY5

447.56

8 5

1193.49 745.93

4.25 2.25

MSY1 v MSY4 CSY2 v CSY4 CSY3

8 38 42

1193.49 5669.10 6265.85

nhp 13, 35 trc 3 4.375 nhp 13, 35 trc 3 4.25 nhp 12, 45 nhp 24 trc 2, 4 4.25 nhp 13,35 trc 3

4.5

MSY2 v MSY3

447.56

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

43 6.3. t ct thp thng: Vi nhng v tr c ng sut vt qu ng sut cho php cn t thm thp thng: fc: ng sut nn ft: ng sut ko
= s : i vi tit din gia nhp. = s + mc : i vi tit din trn ct. mc : chiu dy m ct.

Lc ko: Din tch thp yu cu: 6.4. Kim tra kh nng chu lc:

T=

1 ft y 2

As =

T fy /2

Ti trng tc dng: tnh ti v hot ti tnh ton. Theo ACI 318 2002, h s vt ti ca tnh ti l 1.2, ca hot ti l 1.6. cp:
f pe = f se + 70 + f 'c 100 p

Kim tra kh nng chu un: i vi nhp c t l (nhp/chiu cao tit din) 35, ng sut ph hoi trong

nhng khng c ln hn fpy=1670Mpa v (fse+400)=1065.62+400=1465.62 (MPa) i vi nhp c t l (nhp/chiu cao tit din)>35, ng sut ph hoi trong cp:
f pe = f se + 70 + f 'c 300 p

nhng khng c ln hn fpy=1670MPa v (fse+200)=1065.62+200=1265.62(MPa)

p =
A pe bd d p
M f Mu

iu kin chu un:

Mf: m men ti mp ct hoc m men ti gia nhp.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc

44 M men gii hn:

a a M u = 0.9[ A pe f pe (d p ) + As f y (d )] 2 2

vi -

a=

A pe f pe + A p f y 0.85 f ' c bd
V Mc u Ac Jc

Kim tra kh nng chu ct: iu kin chu ct:

vc =

Cc c trng ca tit din chu ct c tnh theo cng thc t (II.29) n (II.36) + Ct gc: + Ct bin: + Ct gia: + Ct gia bin: c=0.4467m; c=0.4316m; c=0.74 m; c=0.74 m; Ac=0.7896 m2; Ac=1.1648 m2; Ac=1.6576 m2; Ac=1.1648 m2; Jc=0.1522 m4 Jc=0.2262 m4 Jc=0.6105 m4 Jc=0.4915 m4

Kt qu c lp thnh bng (xem ph lc). 6.5. Kim tra vng: vng di hn: =e+Fdh vi F=2
= 4.5(cm) < [] Tho mn.

PGS Phan Quang Minh(HUCE) - Thit k sn b tng ng lc trc