Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA CNG NGH
--- oOo ---
BI GING MN HC
CNG TRNH
X L NC THI
(Wastewater Treatment Works)
GIO TRNH DNG CHO CC SINH VIN
CHUYN NGNH K THUT MI TRNG
Bin son
L ANH TUN
- 2005 -
LI M U
--- oOo --Con ngi l mt trong cc sinh vt sng trong t nhin v l mt phn ca h
sinh thi mi trng. Cc hot ng ca con ngi ngy cng tc ng n mi
trng sng cng r rt. Nc thi t cc hot ng sn xut, sinh hot ang l
mt trong cc nguy c lm nhim v hy hot mi trng sng. Vic hn ch
v ngn chn nhim do nc thi l mt trong cc yu cu quan trng ca k
thut mi trng. Bi ging mn hc CNG TRNH X L NC THI ny
dnh cho cc sinh vin chuyn ngnh K thut Mi trng. Bi ging t trng
tm cho sinh vin cc nguyn l tnh ton v thit k c bn cho mt s hng
mc cng trnh x l nc thi. Sinh vin hc mn hc ny cn bt buc thc
hin thm 1 n mn hc, c xem nh mt chuyn nghin cu thc t
(case study).
Mn hc c 2 phn: Phn l thuyt c 2 tn ch (30 tit) v phn n 1 tn ch.
Phn n s thc hin sau khi hc phn l thuyt. Trong iu kin cho php,
Khoa Cng ngh s phi hp vi ging vin t chc cho sinh vin i thm mt
s chuyn ving thm cc cng trnh x l nc thi trong khu vc.
Cc thut ng s dng trong bi ging l cc t tng i quen thuc trong
nc. trnh nhm ln, mt s thut ng c phn ch thch ting Anh i km.
Ngoi cc bi ging chnh, sinh vin c th tham kho thm mt s ti liu tham
kho trnh by cui gio trnh. Sinh vin c th s dng cc ti liu tham kho
nh mt ti liu th hai cho vic b sung kin thc ca mnh.
Ti liu ny bin son da vo nhiu ti liu tham kho v nghin cu khc
nhau m ngi vit tch ly c. Mt s v d, hnh v, cu gii thch ... trong
bi ging c trch dch t cc ti liu ca cc tc gi trong ti liu tham kho.
Do khng c iu kin tip xc, trao i xin php trch dn cc ngun khc
nhau, mong qu v vui lng min chp. Bi ging ny ch s dng trong ni b,
khng mang tnh kinh doanh v li.
Mc du c nhiu c gng nhng bi ging khng th trnh khi cc khuyt
im, sai st, tc gi mong c nhn cc ph bnh ng gp ca cc bn
hon chnh dn cho cc bin son k tip.
Trn trng.
L Anh Tun
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M U - MC LC
ii
MC LC
==========
trang ...
TRANG BA....................................................................................................
LI M U ................................................................................................. ii
MC LC....................................................................................................... iii
Chng 1 KHI QUT V CNG TRNH X L NC THI................ 1
1.1 NH NGHA V CC KHI NIM......................................................... 1
1.1.1 nh ngha Nc thi ........................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Gii thiu mn hc ............................................................................... 1
1.1.3 Khi nim v Cng trnh X l Nc thi ............................................ 2
1.1.4 Cc phng php c bn X l Nc thi .................................... 3
1.1.5 Cc yu cu chnh ca mt Cng trnh XLNT...................................... 7
1.2 CC BC HNH THNH MT D N X L NC THI .............. 7
1.2.1 Tin trnh tng qut............................................................................... 7
1.2.2 iu tra, kho st.................................................................................. 8
1.2.3 nh khi lng nc thi.................................................................... 8
1.2.4 xut Phng n ............................................................................. 9
1.2.5 Phn tch cc Phng n..................................................................... 9
1.3 H S CNG TRNH XLNT................................................................... 9
1.3.1 Yu cu................................................................................................. 9
1.3.2 Tm tt cng trnh................................................................................. 10
1.3.3 Tp thuyt minh Cng trnh .................................................................. 10
1.3.3 Cc s liu - Ph lc............................................................................. 11
Chng 2 XC NH KHI LNG V THNH PHN NC
THI LIN QUAN N CC CH S THIT K CNG TRNH ................. 12
2.1 NC THI SINH HOT........................................................................ 12
2.1.1 Khi lng ............................................................................................ 12
2.1.2 Thnh phn v tnh cht ....................................................................... 13
2.2 NC THI SN XUT ......................................................................... 17
2.2.1 Khi lng ............................................................................................ 17
2.2.2 Thnh phn v tnh cht ....................................................................... 18
2.3 CC V D C BN XC NH CH S THIT K THY LC........... 19
2.3.1 Phng trnh Manning v phng trnh Hazen-Williams .................... 19
2.3.2 Xc nh ng knh ti u cho my bm........................................... 20
2.3.3 p trn thnh mng ............................................................................ 21
2.3.4 o lu lng nc thi ........................................................................ 21
2.3.5 Cn bng dng chy............................................................................. 22
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M U - MC LC
iii
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M U - MC LC
iv
Chng
NC TH
H THNG
CP NC
CNG TRNH
LM SCH NC
MNG LI
S DNG NC
X L NC THI
TRIT (LN III)
X L NC THI
TH CP (LN II)
NC THI
CHA X L
X L NC THI
S CP (LN I)
H THNG X L NC THI
X l
tp trung
- Song chn rc
- B chn rc
- B lng t I
+ Sinh hc
- H sinh vt
- Cnh ng lc, ti
- Knh oxy ha
- Aeroten
- B lc sinh hc
- B lng t II
+ Kh trng
+ X l bn cn
- B metan
- Sn phi bn
- Trm x l c hc bn
cn
+ C hc
- B lc ct
+ Sinh hc
- B aeroten bc II
- B lc sinh hc bc II
- H sinh vt
- B kh nitrat
+ Ha hc
- B oxy ha
X l
trit
- Tch cc tp cht
rn v cn l lng
- Tch cc cht
hu c dng l
lng v ha tan
- Kh trng trc
khi x ra ngun
- n nh v lm
kh ngun cn
- Tch cc cht l
lng
- Kh nit v
phtpho
- Kh nit,
phtpho v cc
cht khc
H thng
thu gom
nc thi
Li chn
rc, si
ln
Li chn
rc nh hn
My bm
nc thi
B lng ct
+)
Thu gom rc, bn ct
v bi
X L S B
X L TH CP
X L S CP
X l bn s cp
B lng bn ct
v vng ni
X l bn th cp
B sc kh
Chlorire st
(Loi Phophorus)
My nn kh
Kh trng
X L TRIT
San lp/
Betn ha
B tip xc Chlorine
RA NGUN NC
Nc c c trung bnh
Lc
Thm thu
Lc chm qua ct
Nc c c cao
v c phng th nghim tt
Kinh ph?
C tin
Xy dng nh my
x l nc thi theo
tiu chun
t tin
C ct?
t
Lc nhiu lp:
Mng lc bng tro
tru/ x da / ct
Qui hoch
D n
Cng trnh
iu tra, Kho st
Chn la phng n
Thit k cc hng mc
D ton cng trnh
Duyt, iu chnh
Thi cng, Xy dng
Bn giao, Qun l
Hnh 1.3. Cc bc c bn trong thc hin mt cng trnh
1.2.2 iu tra, kho st
Trc khi tin hnh vic xy dng mt n x l nc thi, cn thit phi c
bc iu tra, kho st v nh gi hin trng ca khu vc cng trnh cn
thc hin. Mt nhm iu tra kho st s c thnh lp nhm mc ch thu
thp cc d liu sau:
Bn t nhin khu vc vi cc im hoc ng ng cao vi t l
xch 1/500 - 1/5 000.
S liu v biu cc din bin tnh hnh kh tng thy vn khu vc.
S dn v s h trong khu vc cng trnh: s c dn hin ti v s c
dn phng on cho 5, 10 v 15 nm sau.
S lng v qui m cc hot ng sn xut trong vng: tiu th cng
nghip, cng nghip, ch bin nng thy hi sn, ...
Mc nc thi do sinh hot v sn xut: lu lng thi, thi on
thi v thnh phn lng nc thi.
Phng vn v nh gi ngun thu nhp v sc kho ca cng ng c
dn. nh gi s b theo cm tnh nh hng ca lng nc thi ln
cc hot ng v sc kho cng ng cng nh cnh quan mi trng.
Cc ch trng ca chnh quyn (nh hng pht trin, cc qui hoch
trc , qui nh chung v mi trng, ...) v nguyn vng nhn dn
khu vc.
Din tch xy dng cho php v cc ngun nguyn vt liu xy dng
cng nh ngun nng lng cho cng trnh v sau.
c lng kh nng cung cp ti chnh cho d n.
Cc d liu c tp hp v hnh thnh mt bo co s b nh gi ban u.
1.2.3 nh khi lng nc thi
Lu lng nc thi trong mt ngy m (m3/day) v lu lng nc thi cn
lm sch qua cng trnh (l/s hoc m3/h) ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh s ngi,
thi im, ma v, giai on sn xut... T hp cc iu kin bt li nht c s
liu thit k.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chng 1: KHI QUT V CNG TRNH X L NC THI
8
Tn cng trnh
V tr, a danh
C quan ch tr
+ Kho st
+ Thit k
+ Xy dng...
Thi gian
Kinh ph
+ a phng
+ Quc gia
+ Quc t
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
M s :
Chng
BOD5
(kg/ngy)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.1
0.14
0.02
002
Cht khong
290 mg/L
Cht khong
10 mg/L
Cht keo
50 mg/L
Cht hu c
40 mg/L
Cht khong
15 mg/L
Cht hu c
40 mg/L
Cht khong
40 mg/L
Cht rn l lng
C th lng c
160 mg/L
Cht hu c
120 mg/L
Cht rn lc c
500 mg/L
Cht rn l lng
khng th lng c
60 mg/L
Cht rn l lng
220 mg/L
Mc thi
(m3/ngy)
150 000 x 0.225
1 000 x 0.6
1 600 x 0.03
15 000 x 0.06
30 000 x 0.04
Lu lng
(m3/ngy)
33 750
600
48
900
1 200
= 36 498
BOD5
(kg/ngy)
BOD5
(kg/ngy)
15 000
40
48
450
600
= 16 238
BOD5 (mg/l)
525
350
475
200
250
300
Ngy th
7
8
9
10
11
12
BOD5 (mg/l)
300
375
425
525
475
400
BOD5
200
250
300
300
350
375
V tr im
4.17
12.50
20.80
29.20
37.50
45.80
Th t
7
8
9
10
11
12
BOD5
400
425
475
475
525
525
V tr im
54.20
62.50
70.80
79.20
87.50
95.80
PE =
vi
C cn Q cn
Tp
(2-1)
200 . mg
1g
2500 . m
l
1000 . mg
ngay
= 5263 ngi
95 .g
1m 3
x 1 000 lt sa
x 1 000 lt sa
x 1 con b (=2,5 con heo)
x 1 tn tht
x 1 000 lt bia
x 1 tn bp hoc la m
x 1 tn da
x 1 tn len
x 1 tn sn phm
x 1 tn vt liu
x 1 tn vi git
x 1 tn du
30 - 80
50 - 250
70 - 200
150 - 450
150 - 400
500 - 1 000
1 000 - 4 000
2 000 - 5 000
1 000 - 4 000
2 000 - 3 500
370 - 1 000
12 000
Hnh 2.3
V = 0,849.CR 0, 63 S 0,54
V =
(2-3)
--------------------------------H US
V = 1,318.CR 0, 63 S 0,54
Q = 0,432.CD 2, 63 S 0,54
(2-4)
0,397 2 / 3 1 / 2
D S
n
0,312 8 / 3 1 / 2
Q=
D S
n
(2 -5)
----------------------------------H US
0,590 2 / 3 1 / 2
D S
n
0,463 8 / 3 1 / 2
Q=
D S
n
V =
(2-6)
TRONG KNH H
H SI
1
V = R 2 / 3 .S 1 / 2
n
(2-7)
-------------------------------------------------
H US
V =
1,468 2 / 3 1 / 2
R .S
n
(2-8)
Q
( . D 2 / 4 )
suy ra tn tht ct nc
10 , 7 Q 1 , 85 L
10 , 7 ( 0 , 25 ) 1 , 85 1000
hf =
=
2 , 96 m
C 1 , 85 D 4 , 87
130 1 , 85 ( 0 , 5 ) 4 , 87
1
AR
n
2/3
.S 1 / 2
vi
1
d
Q max =
2.d 2 .
0,012
2
2/3
d (m)
(0,001)
1/ 2
b (m)
=2
d = 0,8 m
b = 1,6 m
d opt
(2-9)
= 7 300 gi
d opt =
dopt = 0.57391 m
Nhiu trng hp ta phi dng nhiu my bm thot nc, vic tnh ton mt
h thng nhiu my bm tr nn phc tp hn, ( ngh xem li cc Gio trnh v
sch v Bm v Trm bm).
2.3.3 p trn thnh mng
Ngi ta c th s dng p trn thnh mng c mt ct hnh ch nht hoc p
trn thnh mng hnh tam gic khng ch mc nc trong knh dn hoc
dng n o lu lng dng chy.
Cng thc c bn tnh cho tt c cc loi p trn l:
Q = mb . 2 g . H
2/3
o
vi
v2
Ho = H +
2g
(2-10)
H
P
Q ave =
b=
Q
Qma
1
n
Q
i =1
(2-11)
Qavg Qmin
Qmax Qmin
Vs
x(1 ngay)
a = Qmax - Qavg
Qavg
b
Qmin
6:00
18:00
6:00
Gi
Hnh 2.5: M hnh sng vung cho dng nc thi trong 1 ngy
V d 2.7:
Hnh 2.5 cho dng nc thi trong 1 ngy (t 6:00 sng hm nay n 6:00 sng
ngy hm sau) theo m hnh ny. Vng din tch c gch sc th hin s thay i
ca lng chy thi trong 24 gi so vi tr trung bnh Qavg. Theo s cn bng khi
lng, ta c:
Q avg Q min
(2-12)
Q max Q min
a = Qmax - Qavg
(2-13)
Vs = a.b
(2-14)
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
359.2
475.2
604.8
864.0
18:00
20:00
22:0
24:00
777.6
691.2
429.0
418.0
thiu cn bng lng nc thi hng
Th tch thi
(m3)
(3) = (2) x 2
1036.8
891.2
718.4
950.4
1209.6
1728.0
1814.4
1641.6
1555.2
1382.4
958.0
836.0
Ly tch th tch
(m3)
(5)
0.0
1036.8
1728.0
2246.4
3196.8
4406.4
6134.4
7948.8
9590.4
11145.6
12528.0
13489.0
14325.0
Ly trc honh l thi gian trong ngy (ct 1), trc tung l lu lng nc thi ly
tch (ct 5). Chm cc im tng ng t bng tnh. V ng cong ni lin cc
im ly tch vi nhau. Ni im 0 vi im tch ly trong 24 gi, ta c ng
trung bnh, v 2 ng thng x-x' v y-y' song song vi vi ng trung bnh v
tip xc vi im lm v im li ca ng ly tch ln lt ti A v B (hnh 2.7).
Khong cch thng ng gia x-x' v y-y' l th tch b cha cn c.
y'
14000
12000
Lng nc
thai luy tch
(m3)
10000
Th tch b
y
8000
6000
x'
4000
2000
Gi
Hnh 2.7:
0:00
22:00
20:00
18:00
16:00
14:00
12:00
10:00
8:00
6:00
4:00
2:00
0:00
Chng
Hnh 3.1:
S trm x l c hc
Co rc bng c hc
0.2 - 0.6 (5.08 - 15.24)
1.0 - 1.5 (25.4 - 38.1)
0.6 - 30 (15.24 - 72.6)
0 - 30
2.0 - 3.25 (0.6096 - 0.9906)
6 (152.4)
hL = B( s / b) 4 / 3 .hv . sin
(3-1)
trong :
s l b dy thanh chn
b l khong h gia 2 thanh
hV l ct nc dng chy on gn n song chn rc, hV = V2/2g
l gc nghing ca thanh chn so vi chiu dng chy
B l h s hnh dng ca thanh chn, ly theo bng sau:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chng 3: CNG TRNH X L NC THI BNG C HC
26
n=
W
2 .m 100 .cm
=
=
= 40 khong h
b 5.cm
1.m
B = 2,00 + 39
= 2,195 2,2 m (lm trn)
1000
ce =
n.b
40 50
=
= 0,91
B 2,2 1000
Yu cu xc nh
(1) vn tc trung bnh dng chy trong ng.
(2) s thanh chn cho b phn song co rc theo cc s liu trn.
(3) tn tht ct nc qua song chn ng vi Vavg.
Gii : Trng hp nc chy y ng, lu lng ln nht s l (p dng
phng trnh Hazen-Williams):
8/3
1/ 2
0,312.D 8 / 3 .S 1 / 2 0,312.(1,25) .(0,00064 )
Qmax =
=
= 1,10 m3/s
n
0,013
Vn tc ln nht ca dng chy trong ng:
Q
1,10
= 0,9 m/s
Vmax = max =
A
.(1,25)2 / 4
(1): Vn tc trung bnh dng chy nc thi trong ng
Vavg = 0,8 Vmax = 0,8 x 0,9 = 0,72 m/s
(2): S thanh chn yu cu tng ng vi knh thc khong h 25 mm
n = (b rng song chn - 1 khong h)/(1 khong h +b dy 1 thanh chn)
(1,5 1000 25) = 42,1 ==> Chn 42 thanh chn
n=
(25 + 10)
(3): Tn tht ct nc ng vi Vavg
hL = B( s / b) 4 / 3 .hv . sin
trong : thanh ch nht B = 1,83, s = 10 mm = 0,01 m, b = 25 mm = 0,025 m
hV l ct nc dng chy on gn n song chn rc, hV = Vavg2/2g
l gc nghing ca thanh chn so vi chiu dng chy, ly = 90
0,72 2
. sin 90 = 0,014 m
hL = 1,83.(0,01 / 0,025) 4 / 3
2 9,81
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
Q 0,450
=
= 1,5 m2
V
0,3
A 1,5
H= =
= 1,0 m
B 1,5
A=
l = 0,15 m
xc nh hnh dng ca mt hnh loe, ta tnh ton theo tin trnh sau:
Q = 4,17 l.h1/2.h
Xem l.h1/2 = 0,15.(0,8)1/2 = 0,13 l mt hng s;
ta c Q = 4,17(0,13) h 0,56 h
Q
h=
0,56
Lp bng tnh:
su trn
h = Q/0,56
(m)
(2)
0,803
0,714
0,625
0,535
0,446
0,357
0,267
0,178
su
H = h + 0,20
(m)
(3)
1,003
0,914
0,825
0,735
0,646
0,557
0,467
0,378
B rng
l = 0,13/h1/2
(m)
(4)
0,145
0,153
0,146
0,177
0,194
0,217
0,254
0,307
Vn tc
V = Q/BH
(m/s)
(5)
0,298
0,291
0,282
0,271
0,257
0,239
0,213
0,176
Hnh 3.7:
B lng ct nc chy vng
1. Tm phay
2. Nc k thut (cho bm phun)
3. ng dn ct (
1 H
1
<
< )
8
R
6
Khong p dng
Khong
chun
2-5
7 - 16 (2,133 - 4,867)
25 - 65 (7,620 - 19,812)
8 - 23 (2,438 - 19,507)
1:1 - 5:1
3:1 - 5:1
2 - 5 (0,1855 - 0,4645)
0,5 - 27 (0,0037 - 0,2019)
1,5 : 1
4:1
2 (0,0149)
A (m2)
L (m)
H (m)
Q (m3/s)
W (m)
Xc nh lu lng kh cn thit
Qair = 0,6 m3/pht. m x 8,5 m = 5,1 m3/pht
Xc nh cng sut:
Tnh ct p nc
h = (my khuy kh) + ( ngp my khuy kh) + (tn tht ng khuy v van)
h = 300 mm + 2500 mm + 30% (2800 mm) = 3,64 m
h = 3,64 x 9790 N/m2/m = 35.700 N/m2 (1 m p nc 20C = 9 790 N/m2)
Cng sut my bm kh P:
Q h 5,1 35.700
=
= 303.450 N.m/60 giy = 5058 Watt (1 W = 1 N.m/s)
P = air
0,60
b
P 5,06 kW
Chi ph bm kh mi thng Cm t ng c
T C e P 24.h / d 30.d / mo 0,03$ / kW .h 5,06kW
Cm = m
=
= 121.$ / mo
m
0,90
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39
Khong
chun
1,5 - 2,5
2,0
2.500 (101,75)
20.000 (248)
1,5 - 2,5
2,0
1.500 (61,05)
20.000 (248)
Khong chun
10 - 15 (3,048 - 4,572)
50 - 300 (15,24 - 91,44)
10 -80 (3,048 - 24,384)
2 - 4 (0,6096 - 1,2192)
12 (3,6576)
80 - 130 (24,384 - 39,624)
16 - 32 (4,8768 - 9,7536)
3 (0,9144)
10 - 15 (3,048 - 4,572)
10 - 200 (3,048 - 60,96)
0,75 - 2 (62,5 - 166,6)
0,02 - 0,05
12 (3,6576)
40 - 150 (12,192 - 45,72)
1 (83,3)
0,03
0,1
10
0,81
0,08
0,08
15
0,52
0,042
0,07
35
0,40
0,028
0,06
65
0,30
0,018
0,04
90
0,13
0,005
0,02
98
0,03
0,0006
0,01
100
0,008
0,00008
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
Q
36.400
=
= 3.033 m2
SOR
12
B hnh vung L = W = 3033 = 55,072 m, ly trn 56 x 56 m
Ap =
Q
5000
=
= 143 m2
SOR
35
Vday
Q
429.m 3 24.h
= 2.06 h
5000.m 3 / m 2 .ngay
2.5 5000
= 87 m3/ day.m2.
143
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
18
trong :
d - ng knh ht du, cm
n, d - ln lt l trng lng ring ca nc thi v du, g/cm3
- nht ca nc thi, 20C c th ly = 0,01 g/cm3.s
Chiu di ca b thu du c th xc nh theo cng thc:
v
(m)
(3-8)
L = . tt .h
U min
trong :
vtt - tc tnh ton ca dng chy
h - chiu su cng tc ca b
- h s chy ri theo quan h gia vtt/Umin, c th ly theo
vtt/Umin
20
1,75
15
1,65
10
1,5
w
48
=
=2m
B 64
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
Si
40 - 100
3-6
50 - 70
Mt s
Si
10 - 40
1-3
80 - 85
C
Cao
Rt cao
Lc trn
Si
100 - 400
6 - 12
40 - 80
Khng
Plastic
150 - 900
< 30
65 - 85
t
Plastic/ Si
600 - 1800
> 20
40 - 85
Khng
Et = E20 .a t 20
trong :
(3-9)
E=
trong :
100
1 + 0,448. W / VF
(3-10)
L1
1
=
t 15
Lo 1 + K
A.s m / Q n
trong :
)]
(3-11)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44
360 25
= 93%
360
Vi R = 1:1 = 1, s dng phng trnh NRC:
E=
H s hon lu:
1+ R
1+1
F=
=
= 1,65
2
(1 + 0,1R)
1 + 0,1.1) 2
Lng ti BOD5 ban u:
W = 20.000 x 225 x 360 x 10-6 = 1620 kg/ngy
Phng trnh NRC:
100
100
E=
= 93 =
1 + 0,448. W / VF
1 + 0,448. 1620 / V (1,65)
V = 34.793 m3
Nu hiu sut hu dng l 80 % th V' = 34.793/ 80% = 43.491 m3
Vi R = 2:1 = 2
H s hon lu:
1+ R
1+ 2
F=
=
= 2.083
2
(1 + 0,1R)
1 + 0,1 2) 2
Phng trnh NRC:
100
100
E=
= 93 =
1 + 0,448. W / VF
1 + 0,448. 1620 / V (2,083)
3
V = 26.550 m
Nu hiu sut hu dng l 80 % th V' = 26.550/ 80% = 31.212 m3
3,1416 40 2
D 2
Kim tra: Vtk = n.(
.h) = 10
2,5 = 31.416 m3 > 31.212 m3 (tha).
4
4
V d 3.8:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46
Chng
Hnh 4.2 : Khong cch ti thiu tham kho khi b tr h x cng cng vng
nng thn
Nh v sinh nn b tr ni thp nht, cn cch xa ging v cc ngun nc khc
t nht 30 m, hng chy ca nc ngm phi chy theo hng t ging h x
trnh nc thi ngi chy vo ging. y h x phi cao hn mc nc
ngm tng trn. Lng phn thi tnh trung bnh cho mi ngi l 0,06 m3/nm.
H x dnh cho mt gia nh trung bnh t 4 - 6 ngi trong 5 nm, cn c khi
tch khong 1,5 m3 - 1,8 m3 (o su 1,5 - 1,8 m + 0,5 m, y rng 1 x 1 m2). Nu
c iu kin nn xy thnh xi mng - gch ngn mt phn nc phn tiu thm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chng 4: CNG TRNH LM SCH NC DI T
49
Dng
nh v sinh
Dng kh
Dng ny khng
dng nc,
thng dng tro
bp, tro tru hoc
ct mn ph lp
phn.
C th thit k
phn v nc tiu
i n nhng
thng cha ring
bit.
Thch hp cho cc
vng t thm nc
tt nh cc vng
cao, vng i ni,
vng ging ct ven
bin
c UNICEF
xut xy dng kh
nhiu ni kh hn.
R tin
Phn ngi sau
mt thi gian trn
vi tro bp c th
dng lm phn
bn cho cy trng.
C th nh
hng phn no
i vi nn t
ni t nh v
sinh.
Khng c v
sinh v thm m
C mi hi
Nu khng che
y cn thn,
rui c th n
sinh sn.
Dung tch
3.000 - 4.000 lt
4.000 - 10.000 lt
1.000 lt/ngi
1.000 lt/ngi
Ngoi ra ngi ta cn phn loi theo kiu nh x c hay khng s chia tch phn
v nc tiu cho cc mc tiu x l v s dng khc nhau.
Nu xem xt n vic vn chuyn, x l v ti s dng phn th c th theo s
hnh 2.2 sau. Quan h ny l mt phn ca m hnh canh tc sinh thi khp kn
VACB (Vn - Ao - Chung - Biogas) nng thn.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chng 4: CNG TRNH LM SCH NC DI T
52
H X
Thng
cha
S DNG&
TI S DNG
VN CHUYN
& X L
THU GOM
Khng dng nc
H
tm
Dng nc
Hm
c nh
Nui
trn
B cha phn/
B t hoi
Cng
rnh
Xe ht
hm cu
Xe b
chuyn phn
H
Biogas
Xung ao, h *
Nui
to
Nui
c
Ao tr
H tr
Ti, bn rung
/ Trng c
Nui tru,
b, d,
Nui
g, vt
Thc phm
Hnh 2.2: M hnh VACB lin quan n vic s dng h x
Ghi ch:
* Nh x thi cht bi tit xung ao h (nh nh x ao c), trong mt s phn loi,
c xem l loi nh x khng dng nc.
4.1.4 B t hoi
B t hoi (septic tank) thng c thit k theo dng hnh trn bng cc cu
kin lp ghp sn, mt s ni c xu hng xy theo hnh ch nht (hnh 4.4). Cn
lu rng, b t hoi khc b lng ch l nc thi khng chy lin tc vo b
t hoi nn tnh n nh thy lc khng ng dng c.
(4-1)
= 4,8 m3
D2
3.1416
1,25 2
4
= 1,23 m2
4,8
1,23
= 3,91 m
Bng 4.7 v 4.8 l bng tnh th tch cho cc h cha kh (h x khng di nc)
v h cha t (h x c di nc) theo cng thc 4-1.
S nm
s dng
(nm)
4
6
8
10
12
15
1,92
2,88
3,84
4,79
5,32
6,40
2,56
3,84
4,84
5,80
6,76
8,20
3,20
4,60
5,80
7,00
8,20
10,0
3,84
5,32
6,67
8,20
9,64
11,8
1,92
2,80
3,84
4,60
5,32
6,40
2,88
4,20
5,32
6,40
7,48
9,10
3,84
5,32
6,67
8,20
9,64
11,8
4,60
6,40
8,20
10,0
11,8
14,5
5,32
7,48
9,64
11,8
13,96
17,2
1,28
1,92
2,56
3,20
3,84
4,60
1,71
2,5
3,41
4,20
4,84
5,80
2,13
3,20
4,20
5,00
5,80
7,00
2,56
3,83
4,84
5,80
6,76
8,20
1,28
1,92
2,56
3,70
3,84
4,60
1,92
2,88
3,84
5,80
6,76
8,20
2,56
3,84
4,84
5,80
6,76
8,20
3,20
4,60
5,80
7,00
8,20
10,0
3,88
5,32
6,76
8,20
9,64
11,9
(Ngun: ESIC, Bangkok, 1987)
Bng sau cho th tch h cha phn theo mt ct ngang v chiu su, tnh theo
cng thc 4 - 2.
Bng 4.9: Th tch h cha phn theo kiu v kch thc
Th tch h cha phn (m3)
Kiu v kch
Chiu
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
thc
su 1,0
Hnh trn, 1,00 m
Hnh trn, 1,25 m
Hnh trn, 1,50 m
Hnh vung, cnh 1,00 m
Hnh vung, cnh 1,25 m
Hnh vung, cnh 1,50 m
0,785
1,23
1,77
1,00
1,56
2,25
1,18
1,84
2,65
1,50
2,34
3,38
1,57
2,45
3,53
2,00
3,13
4,50
1,96
3,07
4,42
2,50
3,91
5,63
2,36
3,68
5,30
3,00
4,69
6,75
2,75
4,29
6,18
3,50
5,47
7,88
3,14
4,91
7,07
4,00
6,25
9,00
4,5
5,0
3,66
5,71
8,22
4,66
7,28
10,48
4,18
6,53
9,40
5,32
8,31
11,97
Th tch (m3)
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
4,8
A
0
N
2
8 10 12
3
2
1
O
14
16
S nm s dng (nm)
18
15
14
13
12
20
E
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
P
C
D 0.09 0.06
0.04
Theo nghin cu ca Vin Pasteur Nha Trang, c tch th tch ngn cha
phn qui m gia nh, c th dng cng thc kinh nghim sau (Dng Trng
Ph, 2003):
Th tch ngn cha V (m3) = S ngi trong h x 0.04
(4-4)
Cng thc ny cng tng i ph hp vi mc thi phn theo s liu bng 2.3
ca Kalbermatten et al. (1980).
4.1.4.2 Kt cu v vn hnh b t hoi
Chiu su nc trong b t hoi ly khong chng 1,2 - 2,0 m. Lu cn b tr
tng chn gia cc ngn nhm gi li cc cht cn y v ngn cc vng bt
ni pha trn mt nc. Tm ngn ch T phi t ngp trong nc t nht 300
mm v nh ln khi mt nc 200 mm. Trn np b t hoi cn c np y nh
ht cn (ht hm cu) thng k (khong 3 - 5 nm). Cc hm v sinh t hoi
phi c ng thng kh thi cc kh hydrogen-sulfide (H2S), carbon-dioxite (CO2)
v methane (CH4) trnh n mn ph hoi cu kin b tng ct thp ca b.
Hnh 4.10: Xe ht hm cu
Hnh 4.15:
S mt ging thm
qs
1200
2 , 5 .t + 6 , 2
(4-5)
trong :
qs - lu lng thm (l/m2/ngy)
t - thi gian (pht) cn thit
mc nc h xung 10 cm
V d 4.5: o t trung bnh = 2 pht
qs = 107 l/m2/ngy
Hnh 4.16: B tr o thi gian thm
Lu : Khi mi o ging khng nn o ngay m phi nc nhiu ln ri o th
chnh xc hn.
Hnh 4.17:
Hnh 4.12:
nhim tng
nc ngm tim
nng
S hi phc v tr
ca nc ngm
S s dng t
hin ti
S s dng t
tng lai
Qui m ca tuyn
cng trnh
c cht do l
mang i
dc
Quyn s dng
nc
K thut p dng
Mc ti hng nm (m)
Din tch yu cu (ha) b
Mc ti hng tun chun (cm)
Tin x l ti thiu M
Hng x l nc thi
Cy trng
Ti phun/trn mt a
0.5 - 6
23 - 280
1.3 - 10
Lng s cp d
Bc thot hi & thm
Theo yu cu
Trn mt
6 - 125
3 - 23
10 - 240
Lng s cp e
Thm ch yu
Chn la
Ti phun/trn mt
3 - 20
6.5 - 44
6 - 40 c
Lc qua si & phn tn e
Trn mt, bc thot hi & thm
Theo yu cu
LW ( P ) = ET P + W P
trong :
LW(P)
ET
P
WP
(4-6)
LW ( N ) (mg / l ) =
2,54.C p ( P ET ) + 4,32.U
(1 f )(C N ) C p
(4-7)
trong :
LW(N) - mc ti thy lc cho php theo mc ti nitrogen hng nm, mg/l.
- tng s nitrogen tp trung trong lng nc thm, mg/l.
Cp
ET
- lng bc thot hi tnh ton, cm/yr.
P
- lng ma tnh ton, cm/yr.
U
- lng nitrogen hp thu bi cy trng, kg/ha.yr (xem bng 4.8)
2,54 v 4,32 - h s qui i n v
CN
- tng lng nitrogen tp trung trong nc thi, mg/l
f
- h s xc nh tng nitrogen loi ra do cch kh nitrit v bay hi.
H s f ph thuc vo mc ti v c trng ca thnh phn nc thi, cng nh
iu kin vi sinh vt trong vng hot ng ca t. Trong t thong kh, lng
thi nitrit c th t chng 15 - 25% lng nitrogen trong nc thi. Lng ny
c th cao hn nu t l carbon/nitrogen trong nc thi ln hn 2,0. Lng bay
hi amoniac s khng ng k khi pH nh hn 7,0 hoc khi nc thi c nng
nitrat cao (theo: George T., Franlin L. B., Wastewater Engineering, 1995).
Nu gi tr LW(N) tnh theo cng thc trn cao hn LW(P) th ly tr LW(P) lm gi tr
200 - 480
116 - 200
350 - 600
180 - 240
210 - 250
300 - 400
180 - 250
158
135 - 290
230 - 250
20 - 30
35 - 50
30 - 40
40
27 - 41
36 - 40
55 - 75
16
26
20 - 50
155 - 200
220
200
180
245
280
240 - 290
90
267
225 - 315
63
155 - 172
66 - 100
120
205
94 - 128
50 - 81
15
17 - 25
12
14
20
11 - 18
15
20
96
34
62
220 - 288
29 - 48
18 - 4
LW ( N ) (mg / l ) =
C p ( P ET ) + 4,4.U
(4-8)
(1 f )(C n ) C p
Lng ma (in.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2,3
2,3
2,1
1,6
0,4
0,2
0,1
khng ng k
0,2
0,6
1,0
2,2
0,7
1,5
3,1
3,9
5,2
6,5
7,0
6,5
4,4
3,9
1,5
0,8
ET
(2)
0,7
1,5
3,1
3,9
5,2
6,5
7,0
6,5
4,4
3,9
1,5
0,8
45,0
Wp
(3)
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
120,0
(ET+Wp)
(4) = (2) + (3)
10,7
11,5
13,1
13,9
15,2
16,5
17,0
16,5
14,4
13,9
11,5
10,8
165,0
Lng nc phi x l, in
P
(5)
2,3
2,3
2,1
1,6
0,4
0,2
0,1
0,0
0,2
0,6
1,0
2,2
13,0
LW ( P ) =
R=
Tng qut:
ET P
1 ( LR / 100)
(4-9)
trong :
R
ET
P
LR
+ Cy n tri, ng c,
nho, rau mu thp cy
+ dc dc = 20%
+ C bnh xe
ln
+ Cc loi cy trng c
chiu cao di 1 m
+ dc dc = 15%
+ t c nh
+ Khng hn ch
+ Khng hn ch
+ Bn c nh
+ Tt c cc loi hoa
mu tr cy vn cao
+ dc dc = 15%
+ Sng phun di
ng
+ ng c, ng cc, cy
mu, vn rau
+ dc dc = 15%
Ti mt
+ Bin hp n
15 in.
+ ng c, ng cc,
vn nho
+ dc dc = 7%
dc ngang = 0,2%
+ Bin rng n
100 in.
+ ng c, ng cc,
vn cy n tri
+ dc dc = 0,5 1,0%
dc ngang = 0,2%
+ Ti trn b
+ Ng cc, cy mu, la
+ dc dc = bng
Nc
Hiu sut
ti
+ SL : Khng hn ch
CL : Nc c TDS cao
c th gy chy l
+ SL : Khng hn ch
CL : Nc c TDS cao
c th gy chy l
+ SL : Khng hn ch
CL : Nc c TDS cao
c th gy chy l
+ SL : Cn dng chy
ln.
CL : Nc c TDS cao
c th gy chy l
+ SL: 100 - 1000
gal/min-unit
CL : Nc c TDS cao
c th gy chy l
+ SL : Cn dng chy
trung bnh.
CL : cn dng chy ln
70 - 80 %
65 - 85 %
75 - 90 %
70 - 80 %
70 - 80 %
70 - 80 %
70 - 80 %
65 - 85 %
75
Cy trng
Nc
Hiu sut
ti
nc, cy n tri
phng
dc ngang = 0,2%
WHC = 6,0 in
Chiu su phi tha
dc ngang
trung bnh
+ Ti di
(lung)
+ dc dc = 3%
dc ngang = 10%
(xi mn mnh)
70 - 85 %
+ Ti theo
ng ng
mc
+ dc dc = 8%
(gn sng)
dc ngang = 10%
(xi mn mnh)
+ SL: khng hn ch
70 - 85 %
Ti nh git
+ Vn cy n tri, vn
nho, rau, vn m cy
+ Khng hn ch
Ghi ch:
Min IR = Minimum Infiltration Rate = thm ti thiu ca t
WHC = Water-Holding Capacity = Kh nng gi nc ca t
TDS = Total Dissolved Solids = Tng cc cht rn khng ha tan trong nc
70 - 85 %
1 in = 25,4 mm
1 ft = 0,3048 m
1 gal = 3,7854 lt
76
1
-3,69
2
-2,59
3
-1,82
4
1,34
5
1,02
6
4,74
7
8,56
8
6,68
9
2,05
10
1,06
11
-2,10
LW(R)
(5)=(2)(3)(4)
1.86
1.42
6.58
11.89
9.28
2.85
1.47
35.35
Ghi ch:
Gi tr tnh ton ca LW(R) cn phi c so snh vi mc ti thy lc cho php
trn c s gii hn LW(N) nh trong v d 4.1. Nu LW(N) > LW(R) th lng nitrogen
tp trung cho nc thi dng ti phi c lm gim thng cc bin php
tin x l nhm t gi tr LW(N) = LW(R), hoc cn phi thm lng nc sch vo
lng nc thi c tng lng nc ti yu cu. Trong thc t, cn phi c
khu tr nc thi c iu chnh v lng khi lng nc thi x ra nhiu hn
lng nc m cy trng cn.
12
-2,98
Aw =
40,6945.[(365.Q ) + Vs ]
Lw
(ha)
(4-12)
(xem v d 4.9)
Nu bit su t cho php nhn nc thi trong nm hay cn gi l mc s
dng an ton (safe application rate) th ta cng c th xc nh din tch t cn
thit tng i n gin nh v d 4.3.
V d 4.8 : X l nc thi qua t cho 1 khu dn c. Cho bit:
1. Dn s khu vc P
= 5.000 ngi
2. Mc s dng an ton = 1,5 m/nm
( su t cho php nhn nc thi/nm)
3. Mc x nc thi
= 150 l/ngi.ngy
4. Lng BOD5 u vo = 210 mg/l
Tnh din tch cn thit cho cnh ng ti, ng thi xc nh mc ti cc cht
hu c.
Gii:
Tnh din tch ti
Mc x nc thi ton khu = 150 l/ngi.ngy x 5.000 ngi = 750.000 l/ngy
Mc x trong 1 nm
= 1,5 m/nm
Mc ti BOD
273.750
= 182.500 m2 = 182,5 ha
1,5
210
=
= 1,15 mg/l.ha
182.5
Aw =
(Q. ft 3 / d )(365.d / yr ) + V s . ft 3 / yr
( Lw .in / yr )(1,0. ft / 12.in)(43.560. ft 2 / ac)
Aw =
Thng
(1)
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Tng
Mc ti
thy lc
(Lw)
(2)
10,5
8,6
8,4
9,2
11,0
12,3
14,8
16,3
16,9
16,5
14,2
13,3
152,0
Th tch
tch ly
( S)
(6)
0,0
16,0
46,0
77,4
103,0
115,4
118,1
102,3
75,5
44,3
16,0
4,9
3. Da vo kt qu tnh ton ca bng trn, trong ct (6) cho thy gi tr tnh ton
th tch ly tch theo thng ln nht l 118,1 acres-ft, xy ra vo thng 5.
4. Th tch khu cha thit k cui cng c xc nh bng cch lp li cc bc
tnh ton trc vi gi tr chnh lch th tch nc nm Vs trong phng trnh (413) v chnh lch th tch nc theo thng Vs trong tnh ton thay i th tch
nc theo thng, (S = Vs + Qm - Vw), nhm tnh s thay i lng nc do
ma, bc hi v thm. xc nh (Vs, cn thit phi xc nh din tch mt ban
u As ca khu cha nc, bng cch xc nh th tch ban u v gi thit chiu
su nc. S dng phng trnh sau tnh Vs:
Vs = (P - Epond - thm)(As)
(4-14)
Vi Epond l bc hi mt thong ca ao h.
==============================================================
Chng
0,2
150
150
200
150
200
150
70
15
0,2 - 5
400
200
200
200
200
200
100
20
5 - 50
400
400
500
400
20
50
500
500
1.000
1.000
30
Di
50
n
300
n
5.000
n
10.000
n
30.000
n
50.000
Hn
50.000
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Phng php x l c hc
+ Song chn rc
+ B lng ct ng
+ B lng ct ngang
+ B lng ct nc chy vng
+ B lng 2 v
+ B lng ng
+ B lng ngang
+ B lng trn
+ B Metanten
+ Sn phi bn
+ B lc chn khng
+ B lc ly tm
+ Trm kh trng
Ch thch:
Du cng (+): kin ngh s dng Du tr (-): kin ngh khng nn s dng
Ngun : Hong Hu, X l nc thi, 1996
Lu : Trng hp lu lng nc thi nh hn 5.000 m3/ngy nhng lng
BOD5 cao th vn nn s dng b mtaten.
2,5l
(5-3)
V = 2 2.g.D.S f log10 s +
3,7 D D 2.g .D.S f
trong
D - ng knh ng, m
Sf - gradient thy lc, m/m
ks - chiu cao ca g nhm, m. y ly ks = 0,3 mm cho ng btng.
- nht ng lc ca cht lng = 1,003 x 10-6 m2/s ti 20C
Gii:
Thit lp bng tnh ton gm 17 ct tnh nh phn di, trong
Ct (1)
: nh s cm phn b
Ct (2)
: nh s cm phn b trc
Ct (3)
: nh s tng cm phn b (cng dn)
Ct (4)
: nh s lu lng t thng lu (l/s)
Ct (5)
: nh s ngi nh cho mi cm (ci)
Ct (6)
: nh lng nc thi t cc ngi nh (l/s)
Ct (7)
: nh din tch khu k ngh cho mi cm (ha)
Ct (8)
: nh loi k ngh cho mi cm (nh/ trung bnh /nng)
Ct (9)
: nh lu lng n v nc thi t khu k ngh mi cm (l/s/ha)
Ct (10)
: nh lu lng cho nc thi k ngh, (10) = (7) x (9)
Ct (11)
: nh s tng lu lng t cc nh v khu k ngh, (11) = (6)+(10)
Ct (12)
: Gi tr tng dng chy t ct (11) cng dn t thng lu
Ct (13)
: Gi tr gradient ng ng
Ct (14)
: Gi nh kch thc ng knh ng dn
Ct (15)-(16) : Vn tc v lu lng tnh theo phng trnh Colebrook - White
: Nu kch thc ng knh khng tha s gi nh kch thc li
Ct (17)
: Ghi ch
So snh lu lng dng chy tnh ct (12) vi lu lng thc ct (16) xem
c tng xng hay khng. Nu khng, knh thc ng ng phi gia tng, v.v...
(1)
Cm
trc
Tng
cm
(2)
Lu
lng
trc
(l/s)
(3)
(4)
S
ngi
nh
(5)
Lu
lng
(l/s)
(6)
Din
tch
khu
k
ngh
(ha)
Loi
k
ngh
(7)
Lu
lng
n
v l/s/
ha
(8)
(9)
Lu
lng
nc
thi
k
ngh
(10)
Tng
lu
lng
cm
(l/s)
(11)
Tng
dng
chy
nt
(l/s)
(12)
Gradi
ent
thy
lc
(13)
1
2
3
4
1
1-2
1-2
1-3
200
12.5 *
0.3
Nh
0.6 **
13.1
13.1
1/180
1-2
1-2
1-3
13.1
32.6
32.6
280
17.5
0.5
TBnh
2.0
19.5
140
8.75
1.1
Nng
8.8
17.6
32.6
32.6
50.2
1/180
1/120
1/200
1-4
50.2
200
12.5
1.8
Nng
14.4
26.9
77.1
5
6
1-6
7
1-5
1-6
110
6.975
0.9
Nh
1.8
8.8
8.8
1/250
160
10.0
2.3
TBnh
9.2
19.2
1-7
105.1
350
21.9
2.1
Nng
16.8
38.7
19.2
105.1
38.7
1/238
1/100
1/53
Kch
thc
ng
(mm)
(14)
Vn
tc
trong
ng
(m/s)
(15)
Lu
lng
trong
ng
(m/s)
Ghi
ch
(16)
(17)
150
225
225
225
225
300
0.81
1.06
0.96
1.16
1.01
1.21
14.9
43.6
39.3
47.8
41.3
88.2
tng
150
225
225
300
300
0.7
0.9
0.92
1.72
2.38
12.6
36.8
37.8
125.0
174.0
tng
t
t
tng
t
tng
t
t
Ghi ch::
* Cho vic s dng dn dng: 4 ngi/ngi nh vi mc s dng 225 l/ngi/ngy.
Mc thi max trong ma = 6 DWF, Q = 0,0625 l/s/h
**
Mc thi max t cc khu k ngh = 6 DWF trung bnh
(theo s liu ca Brassil, 1981)
89
Q = 0,0146.h 2 / 3
(l/s)
(5-4)
Hnh 5.5:
Ch dn chung.
S phng lm vic, phng iu khin thit b, phng th nghim, hng
mc cng trnh, ng i, v tr cc ca ra vo, cu thang, chiu sng.
Cc thit b o lng in, my n v kim sot cc ng ng, b cha,
knh dn, ca van, ...
Qui trnh vn hnh, thao tc v theo di.
S nht k hot ng.
Lch bo dng my mc v thit b.
K hoch s cu v d phng vic x l tai nn.
==============================================================
0.1069
1.0551
2.3241
5.6735
2.4711
0.3048
18.2880
0.0929
0.0283
7.4805
0.0929
0.0624
7.04805.10-3
407.4611
0.3048
7.04805. 10-3
1.6990
2.8317.10-2
0.001
3.7854
0.0094
0.0124
0.0407
0.0017
0.0283
40.7458
2.4448
40.7458
58.6740
12.4193
0.1970
26.3342
25.4
3.3768
0.4536
1.1209
0.1198
0.6083
0.1198
1.1983.10-4
4.8824
6.8948
16.0185
0.0160
0.5000
0.9354
3.7854.103
4.3813.10-2
3.9370
2.2417
9.3536
0.9478
0.4303
0.1763
0.4047
3.2808
0.0547
10.7639
35.3147
0.1337
10.7639
16.0185
133.6805
0.0025
3.2808
133.6805
0.5886
35.3145
1,000.0
0.2642
106.9064
80.5196
24.5424
589.0173
35.3420
2.4542. 10-2
0.4090
0.0245
0.0170
8.052.10-2
5.0763
0.0380
3.9370.10-2
0.2961
2.2046
0.8922
8.3452
1.6440
8.3454
8345.4
0.2048
0.1450
0.0624
62.4280
2.0000
1.0691
0.264.10-3
22.8245
0.2540
0.4461
SI units
ha/(103m3/d)
kJ
kJ/kg
W/m2 . 0C
bu/ha . yr
m/h
m/h
m2/capital
m3/capital
m3/ m3
m3/ m . min
m3/kg
m3/103 m3
m2/103 m3 . d
m3/ m2 . h
m3/ m3 . min
m3/h
m3/s
m3/ m3 . min
L
m3/ha .d
m3/m . d
m3/m2 . d
m3/ m2. h
L/ m2 . min
L/ m2 . d
m/h
L/ m2 . min
m3/ m2. d
L/min . m
kW/ m3
kW/ 103 m3
mm
kPa Hg (600F)
kg
kg/ha
kg/m3
kg/kW . h
g/ m3
kg/m3
kg/m2
kPa (gage)
kg/m3 . h
kg/m3 . d
kg/tonne
m3/ m2 . d
m3/d
m3/s
min/102 mm
Mg/ha
PH LC
B XY DNG
TIU CHUN XY DNG
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.37
4.38
Thng s
Nhit
pH
BOD5
COD
Cht rn l lng
Arsen
Cadimi
Ch
Clo d
Crom (V)
Crom (II)
Du m khong
Du m thc vt
ng
Km
Mangan
Niken
Photpho hu c
Photpho tng
St
Tetracloetylen
Thic
Thy ngn
Tng nit
Tricloetylen
Amoniac
Florua
Phenol
Sunfua
Xyanua
Coliform
Tng hot phng x
Tng hot phng x
n v
0
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100ml
Bq/l
Bq/l
Gi tr gii hn
A
B
C
45
40
40
5-9
5.5 - 9
6-9
100
50
< 20
400
100
50
400
100
50
0.5
0.1
0.05
0.5
0.02
0.01
1
0.2
0.1
2
2
1
0.5
0.1
0.05
2
1
0.2
5
1
KPH
30
10
5
5
1
0.2
5
2
1
5
1
0.2
2
1
0.2
1
0.5
0.2
8
6
4
10
5
4
0.1
0.1
0.02
5
1
0.2
0.01
0.005
0.005
60
60
30
0.3
0.3
0.05
10
1
0.1
5
2
1
1
0.05
0.001
1
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.05
10000
5000
0.1
0.1
1
1
Ghi ch
KPH: Khng pht hin c
A: X vo khu vc nc c dng lm ngun cung cp nc sinh hot.
B: X vo nc dng cho giao thng thy, ti tiu, tm.
C: X vo cng thnh ph hoc nhng ni quy nh.
1 Phm vi p dng.
Tiu chun ny p dng i vi nc thi ca cc loi c s dch v, c s cng
cng v chung c nh nu trong bng 2 (sau y gi l nc thi sinh hot) khi
thi vo cc vng nc quy nh.
Tiu chun ny ch p dng cho nc thi sinh hot ti cc khu vc cha c h
thng thu gom, x l nc thi tp trung.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho nc thi cng nghip nh quy nh trong
TCVN 5945 1995.
2 Gii hn nhim cho php.
2.1 Cc thng s v nng thnh phn nhim trong nc thi sinh hot khi
thi ra cc vng nc quy nh, khng c vt qu gii hn trong bng 1.
2.2 Cc mc gii hn nu trong bng 1 c xc nh theo cc phng php
phn tch quy nh
trong cc tiu chun tng ng hin hnh.
2.3 Tu theo loi hnh, qui m v din tch s dng ca c s dch v, cng cng
v chung c,
mc gii hn cc thnh phn nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c p dng c
th theo bng 2.
Bng 1 Thng s nhim v gii hn cho php
TT
Thng s nhim
n v
Mc I
1
2
3
4
pH
BOD
Cht rn l lng
Cht rn c th lng
c
5 Tng cht rn ho tan
6 Sunfua ( theo H2S)
7 Nitrat (NO3-)
8 Du m (thc phm)
9 Phosphat (PO43-)
10 Tng coliforms
KQ: Khng qui nh
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
5-9
30
50
0,5
Mc
II
5-9
30
50
0,5
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100 ml
500
1.0
30
20
6
1000
500
1.0
30
20
6
1000
Mc V
5-9
40
60
0,5
5-9
50
100
0,5
5-9
200
100
KQ
500
3.0
40
20
10
5000
500
4.0
50
20
10
5000
KQ
KQ
KQ
100
KQ
10 000
Bng 2
TT
Loi hnh c s
Dch v/ Cng
cng/ Chung c
Khch sn
Nh tr, nh khch
Mc p
dng cho
php
theo
bng 1
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
T 10 n 50 phng
Trn 50 n 250 phng
Trn 250 phng
Mc IV
Mc III
Mc II
T 10 n 30 ging
Trn 30 ging
Mc II
Mc I
Mc I
Tr s c quan nh
nc , doanh
nghip, c quan
nc ngoi, ngn
hng, vn phng
10
Ch thc phm ti
sng
Nh hng n ung,
nh n cng cng,
ca hng thc phm
Khu chung c
T 5000 m2 n 10000 m2
Trn 10000 m2 n 50000 m2
Trn 50000 m2
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
T 5000 m2 n 25000 m2
Trn 25000 m2
Mc II
Mc I
T 5000 m2 n 25000 m2
Trn 25000 m2
Mc II
Mc I
T 500 m2 n 1000 m2
Trn 1000 m2 n 1500 m2
Trn 1500 m2 n 25000 m2
Trn 25000 m2
Mc IV
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Di 100 m2
T 100 m2 n 250 m2
2
2
Trn 250 m n 500 m
Trn 500 m2 n 2500 m2
Trn 2500 m2
Mc V
Mc IV
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Di 100 cn h
T 100 n 500 cn h
Trn 500 cn h
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Ghi ch