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THE OXFORD ENGLISH ACADEMY

BI 2: MT S NGUYN TC PHT M CA NGUYN M V PH M

Khi vit, mt t c cu thnh bi cc ch ci, khi ni, mt t c to thnh bi cc m. Trong ting Anh, cch vit v cch c mt t c th khc nhau. V vy, vic nm c cc nguyn tc v mi quan h gia chnh t v cch pht m, tuy c rt nhiu ngoi l, l rt quan trng. I/ Quan h gia chnh t v pht m ca mt s nguyn m thng gp. 1. Cc nhm ch thng c pht m thnh /i:/ Rule(s) Nhm chea, hoc ea+ ph m trong cc t c 1 hoc 2 m tit thng c pht m thnh /i:/ Nhm chee, hoc ee+ ph m trong t mt m tit thng c pht m thnh /i:/ Nhm ch ie ng trc nhm ch ve hoc f thng c pht m thnh /i:/ Hu t -ese ch quc tch hay ngn ng thng c pht m thnh /i:/ Examples Sea, seat, please, heat, teach, beat, easy, mean, leaf, leave, breathe Exceptions Break, Breakfast, great, steak, measure, pleasure, pleasant, deaf, death, weather, feather, breath, ear /i/. Beer, cheer, deer eer /i/.

tree, green, teen, teeth, keep, wheel, feel, seed, breed, sheet, speed Believe, chief, brief, thief relieve, achieve,

Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. A. heal 2. A. break 3. A. feet 4. A. great p n: 1. A. heal /hi:l/ B. tear /ti/ C. fear /fi/ D. ear /i/ 2. A. break/breik/ B. heat/hi:t/ C. mean/mi:n/ D. weave/wi:v/ 3. A. feet/fi:t/ B. sheep/ i:p/ C. beer/ /bi/ D. fee/fi:/ 4. A. great /greit/ B. repeat/ri'pi:t/ C. East/i:st/ D. Cheat/ti:t/ 2. Cc nhm ch thng c pht m thnh // Rule(s) Nhm chall trong cc t mt hoc hai m tit thng c pht m thnh // Nhm ch au ng trc mt hoc nhiu ph m thng c pht m thnh // Examples Call, fall, small, tall, all Audience, August author, daughter, haunt, Exceptions Aunt, laughter laugh, B. tear B. heat B. sheep B. repeat C. fear D. ear C. mean D. weave C. beer D. fee C. East D. Cheat

Nhm ch aw hoc aw cng mt ph m thng c pht m thnh // Nhm wa ng trc hoc hai ph m thng c pht m thnh // Nhm ch or hoc ore ng cui t hoc trc mt ph m trong tthng c pht m thnh //

Law, lawn, awful, awesome, draw Wall, water, walk For, port, short, distort, report, therefore, foresee, core, mentor or, doctor, translator

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. A. hall B. charm 2. A. paw B. raw 3. A. transport B. afford 4. A. because B. aunt C. far D. calm C. war D. car C. horse D. hose C. auditory D. automobile

p n: 1. A. hall /h:l/ B. charm/t:m/ C. far/f:/ D. calm /k:m/ 2. A. paw /p:/ B. raw/r:/ C. war/w:/ D. car/k:/ 3. A. transport/trnsp:t/ B. afford/'f:d/ C. horse/h:s/ D. hose/houz/ 4. A. because/bi'kz/ B. aunt/:nt/ C. auditory/':ditri/ D. automobile/':tmbi:l/ 3. Cc nhm ch c pht m l /u/. Rule(s) Nhm choo hoc oo + ph m ng cui mt t thng c pht m l /u/. Nhm ch ue hoc oe ng cui t thng c pht m l /u/. Nhm ch ew ng cui t c 1 hoc 2 m tit, thng c pht m l /u/. Nhm ui ng trc mt ph m, thng c pht m l /u/. Examples Food, zoo, cool, fool, soon, tool, spoon, pool, goose Ngoi l oo // (examples: Blood, flood) oo /u/ (examples: book, hook, good, cook, wood) oe - /ou/ (Examples: Toe, hoe, coerce) oe - /ju/ (Examples: fuel, cue, due, duel) ew /ju/ (Examples: pew few)

Blue, shoe, clue, glue

drew, crew, flew, sewage, grew, Bruise, fruit, juice

ui /i:/ ( Examples: build)

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. A. fuel 2. A. flew 3. A. cruise 4. A. tooth B. blue B. few B. build B. booth C. hue C. crew C. bruise C. good D. cue D. chew D. fruit D. soon

p n: 1. A. Fuel/fjul/ B. blue/blu/ C. hue/hju/ D. cue/dju/ 2. A. flew/flu/ B. few/fju/ C. crew/kru/ D. chew/tu/. 3. A. cruise/kus/ B. build/bi:ld/ C. bruise/b ruz/ D.fruit/frut/ 4. A. tooth/tu/ B. booth/bu/ C. good/gud/ D. soon/sun/ 4. Cc nhm ch thng c pht m l /ei/. Rules Examples

Nhm chay ng cui mt t thng c pht m l /ei/. Nhm ch a + ph m+e ng cui t c mt hoc hai m tit thng c pht m l /ei/. Nhm ch ai + ph m ng cui t 1 hoc 2 m tit thng c pht m l /ei/. Ch a ng lin trc nhm ch kt thc t ion v ian thng c pht m l /ei/.

Day, play, ashtray, stay Plate, cake, pale, whale, safe, inhale Mail, nail, sail, sailor, maid, paid, wait, gain, maintain, grain, Nation, explanation, preparation

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li Odd one out 1. A. take 2. A. tail 3. A. hate 4. A. creation B. say C. brake D. national B. fail C. explain D. B. made C. cake D. sad B. translation C. examination D. librarian

p n: Cu 1, p n l D. national /'nnl/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/ Cu 2, p n l D. Britain /'britin/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /i/, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/ Cu 3, p n l B. sad /sd/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/ Cu 4 p n l D. librarian /laibrerin/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /e/, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /ei/ II/ Cch pht m ca mt s ph m trong ting Anh Do cch vit v cch pht m cc ph m trong ting Anh tng ng hn, nn chng ta s ch n cch pht m ca mt s ch ci thuc nhm ph m m cc em thng gp kh khn. 1. Cch pht m ca ch ci c Rules C c pht m l /k/ khi ng trc cc ch ci a, o, u, l v r C c pht m l /s/ khi ng trc cc ch ci e, i, v y C c pht m l // khi ng trc cc nhm ch ia, ie, io v iu Examples Carry, crowd, comedy, cat, score, cage, cake, camera, combat, curl, custom, class, clap, create Cigarette, circle, center, certain, scenery, sincere Social, official, articifial, musician

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li Odd one out 1. A. century B. canteen C. continue D. computer 2. A. cook B. city C. notice D. intelligence 3. A. face B. mice C. rice D. car 4. A. create B. case C. grace D. cruise 5. A. technician B. physician C. commercial D. officer p n: Cu 1, p n l A. century /'senturi/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /s/cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /k/

Cu 2, p n l 2. A. cook/kuk/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /k/, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /s/ Cu 3, p n l D. car /k:/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /k/, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /s/ Cu 4 p n l C. grace /greis/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /s/, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /k/ Cu 5 p n l D. officer/'fis/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /s/, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /k/ 2. Cch pht m ch cig Rules g c pht m l // khi ng trc cc ch ci e, v y v trong nhm ch ge cui t g thng c pht m l /g/ khi ng trc cc ch ci a, o, r v u g c khi c c l // , c khi c c l /g/ khi ng trc ch ci i. Cm ng thng c c l // Examples Gem, germ, gentle, good, google, god, go Girl, give, ginger, forgive Long, song, hang Exceptions Forget, get, gear

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li Odd one out 1. A. gate B. green C. ground 2. A. great B. big C. dog 3. A. grace B. manage C. glove 4. A. drug B. engineer C. grey D. Egypt D. intelligence D. August D. grow

p n: Cu 1, p n l D. Egypt /'iipt/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /g/ Cu 2, p n l D. intelligence/in'telidns/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /g/ Cu 3, p n l B. manage /'mni/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /g/ Cu 4 p n l B. engineer /,endi'ni/v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l //, cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m l /g/ 3. Trng hp khi cc ph m c vit ra, nhng khng c pht m khi ni. Mt s ph m cm: Rules h khng c pht m khi ng u t sau g , r, ex, trc our v khi ng cui mt t sau mt nguyn m hoc ph m n khng c pht m khi ng sau m cui mt t b khng c pht m khi ng trc t hoc sau m t khng c pht m trong cm ch -sten v -stl cui t Examples Ghost, exhaust, exhale, exhibition, oh, ah, hour, honest Autumn, column, condemn Climb, comb, doubt, subtle, debt Listen, fasten, castle, whistle

k khng c pht m khi ng u t v trc n

Knee, know, knife, knit, knock

Bi tp thc hnh: Hy chn t c phn c gch di pht m khc vi nhng t cn li Odd one out 1. A. hour B. hand 2. A. column B. known 3. A. bomb B. thumb 4. A. whistle B. cat C. hit D. hide C. phone D. kind C. lamb D. blue C. ten D. hat

p n: Cu 1, p n l A. hour /'au/v phn gch di ca t ny khng c pht m cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m. Cu 2, p n l A. column /'klm/ v phn gch di ca t ny khng c pht m cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m. Cu 3, p n l D. blue /blu:/ v phn gch di ca t ny c pht m l /b/ cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li khng c pht m. Cu 4, p n l A. whistle /'wisl/ v phn gch di ca t ny khng c pht m cn phn gch di ca cc t cn li c pht m.