THE OXFORD ENGLISH ACADEMY - VIETNAM C8, 343 Doi Can St., Ba Dinh Dist.

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THE OXFORD ENGLISH ACADEMY

BI 16: MNH TRONG TING ANH (CLAUSES IN ENGLISH)

Cc mnh ng vai tr quan trng trong cu Ting Anh, bao gm c ngn ng ni v ngn ng vit. Ni mt cch n gin nht, mnh l mt cu nm trong mt cu ln hn. Tc l, n phi c t nht mt ng t hu hn ( l ng t chia theo ngi v theo thi.) Chng ta cng phn tch cu sau. When I heard the noise, I dropped the files that I had been examining, then ran out into the corridor. Cu trn c th chia lm 4 phn nh sau: When I heard the noise, I dropped the files that I had been examining, then ran out into the corridor. Mi phn trn l mt cu hay mt cm ch ng v ng t c chia theo ngi v theo thi, c ni li theo nhng quan h khc nhau. Ta gi mi phn ny l mt mnh . Trong ting Anh, c 2 loi mnh : Mnh c lp, tc l bn thn n l mt cu hon chnh khi ng mt mnh. N bao gm mt ch ng v mt ng t v hon chnh c v mt ng ngha. Cc mnh c lp c th c ni vi nhau bi cc t ni (ng ng) nh: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet V d: The door opened and a a pretty woman walked in. Cu ny gm hon ton c th tch lm hai cu trn vn v l: The door opened. A pretty woman walked in. Mnh c lp c th ng mt mnh thnh mt cu n (simple sentence). V d: I gave him my address. hay ng trong cu gm nhiu mnh c lp, c ni vi nhau bi t ni. V d: I gave him my address but he didnt contact me. N cng c th ng trong cu c c nhiu mnh c quan h chnh ph v ng vai tr mnh chnh trong cu. V d: When I came, she was listening to music. Loi mnh th 2 l mnh ph (subordinate clause). Mnh ph khng th ng ring mt mnh thnh cu n. Mnh ph lun ng trong cu c t nht 2 mnh v ngha ca n ph thuc vo mnh chnh (main clause). V d: When I came, she was listening to music. Trong v d trn, mnh chnh l she was listening to music v mnh ph l When I came. Mnh ny khng th ng mt mnh v to thnh cu c ngha hon chnh. Bi tp thc hnh: Hy xem mt on li trong bi ht This is me di y v gch di cc cu a mnh . I've always been the kind of girl that hid my face (I have been) so afraid to tell the world what I've got to say But I have this dream right inside of me I'm gonna let it show, it's time to let you know To let you know

This is real, this is me. I'm exactly where I'm supposed to be, now. Gonna let the light, shine on me. Now I've found who I am. There's no way to hold it in, no more hiding who I want to be. This is me Trong on bi ht trn, cc cu a mnh gm: 1. I've always been the kind of girl that hid my face 2. (I have been) so afraid to tell the world what I've got to say. 3. I'm exactly where I'm supposed to be, now. 4. Now I've found who I am. 5. There's no way to hold it in, no more hiding who I want to be Tip theo, hy xem li on trn v cho bit, u l mnh chnh v u l mnh ph trong cc cu trn. Nu , ta thy trong bi ny, cc mnh ph u bt u bng cc i t lin h that, what, where v who Trong cu a mnh c quan h chnh ph, cc mnh ph c th c ni vi mnh chnh bng cc i t quan h nh trong cc v d trn, khi n c gi l mnh lin h (relative clause) Mnh chnh I've always been the kind of girl (I've always been the kind of girl thats) so afraid to tell the world I'm exactly There's no more hiding Mnh ph that hid my face what I've got to say. where I'm supposed to be, now. who I want to be

Cc mnh ph cng c th c bt u v ni vi mnh chnh bng cc t ni ch quan h khc nhau. V d: 1. If you try your very best to prepare for it, you will surely pass the exams. 2. Tidy up your room before you go swimming. Trong v d th 1, t if l t ni ch quan h iu kin. trong v d 2, t before l t ni ch quan h thi gian. Xt v chc nng ng php, cc mnh trong ting Anh chia lm 3 nhm chnh: Mnh tnh t Mnh danh t Mnh trng t Mnh tnh ng l mnh ng vai tr ca mt tnh t, tc l b ngha cho mt danh t hoc ng sau ng t lin h. V d: 1. You're the voice (that) I hear inside my head, the reason that I'm singing Trong cu trn, mnh (that) I hear inside my head b ngha cho danh t voice v mnh that I'm singing b sung ngha cho danh t reason, v u l mnh tnh t. Mnh danh t l mnh ng vai tr ca mt danh t, v d nh lm ch ng hay tn ng trong cu hoc ng sau ng t lin h. V d: 1. What you are doing is wrong. 2. Where you are is where I want to be 3. I dont want to know who you are Trong v d th 1, mnh danh t What you are doing l ch ng

Trong v d th 2, mnh danh t where you are l ch ng v mnh where I want to be ng sau sau ng t lin h is lm b ng. Trong v d th 3, mnh danh t who you are ng vai tr tn ng ca ng t know Mnh trng ng l mnh ng vai tr ca mt trng t, tc l b ngha cho ng t,V d: 1. We were both young when I first saw you 2. We keep quiet because we're dead if they knew Trong v d 1, Mnh trng ng ch thi gian l when I first saw you . Trong v d 2, tng th nht, mnh trng ng ch nguyn nhn because we're dead if they knew b sung ngha cho cm ng t keep quiet , cp th 2, cm t trng ng ch iu kin if they knew b ngha cho cm ng t lin h v tnh t were dead. Nh chng ta thy v d 2 trn, trong mt cu ting Anh, c th c nhiu mnh , mi mnh ng vai tr ng php v c quan h khc nhau. Mi cc em xem v d di y trch t bi ht gotta find you Everytime I think I'm closer to the heart of what it means to know just who I am, I think I've finally found a better place to start. Cu ny, cp phn tch th nht, c th chia lm 2 mnh l: Mnh ph ch thi gian: Everytime I think I'm closer to the heart of what it means to know just who I am, V: Mnh chnh: I think I've finally found a better place to start. cp phn tch th 2, mi mnh li c th phn nh hn nh sau: Mnh ph Everytime I think (that) I'm closer to the heart of what it means to know just who I am, Gm Mnh danh t : who I am lm tn ng cho ng t know; Mnh tnh t what it means to know just who I am b ngha cho danh t heart Ton b mnh danh t(that) I'm closer to the heart of what it means to know just who I am b ngha cho ng t think Bi tp thc hnh. Cng xem mt on li trong bi ht No matter what v gch di cc mnh ph. No matter what they tell us No matter what they do No matter what they teach us What we believe is true No matter what they call us However they attack No matter where they take us We'll find our own way back I can't deny what I believe I can't be what I'm not I know our love forever I know, no matter what If only tears were laughter (ooh) If only night was day (ooh) If only prayers were answered (hear my prayers) Then we would hear God say (say)

No matter what they tell you (ooh) No matter what they do (ooh) No matter what they teach you What we believe is true Cha bi: Cc mnh c gch di c trong li bi ht thuc hai nhm l: Mnh danh t: what they tell us what they do what they teach us What we believe what they call us where they take us what I believe what I'm not Mnh trng ng: However they attack If only tears were laughter (ooh) If only night was day (ooh) If only prayers were answered (hear my prayers) Khi s dng cc mnh trng t ting Anh, chng ta ch l c bao nhiu nhm trng t chnh, th cng c ngn y nhm mnh trng ng. Di y l bng lit k mt s nhm mnh trng ng thng gp v cc t ni ng trc chng: Kind of clause time clauses conditional clauses purpose clauses reason clauses common conjunctions when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till if, unless in order to, so that, in order that because, since, as, given example Her father died when she was young. If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards. They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard. I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much. My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed. I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now.

result clauses

so..that

concessive clauses

although, though, while

place clauses

where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question He said he was happy where he was. "where?") as, like, the way I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.

clauses of manner

Mt s lu v s kt hp thi gia mnh chnh ph. Th nht: khi thi ca ng t mnh chnh mt trong cc thi hin ti.

Th ng t ca mnh ph c th chia bt c thi no, ty theo mun din t v quan h v thi gian gia hai hnh ng c din t hai mnh . V d: 1. She doesnt like him because he is a liar. 2. I am happy because I did well in the final exams. 3. The staff has performed well since the new management system was adopted. 4. I know that there will be an exam soon. Th 2, khi ng t ca mnh chnh c chia thi qu kh, th ng t mnh ph cng chia mt trong cc thi qu kh, ty theo mun din t v quan h v thi gian gia hai hnh ng c din t hai mnh . V d: 1. He said that he had made a mistake. 2. When she came, I was cooking. Th 3, khi ng t ca mnh chnh c chia thi tng lai n gin, th ng t mnh ph c th chia thi hin ti n, thi qu kh n hay thi hin ti hon thnh, ty theo mun din t v quan h v thi gian gia hai hnh ng c din t hai mnh . V d: 1. She will pass the exam, even though she didnt have much time to prepare for it.. 2. If you try hard, you will past the exam. 3. There will be much to do even though we have done quite a lot. Th 4, nu ng t ca mnh chnh c chia thi tng lai hon thnh, th ng t mnh ph thng chia thi hin ti n. V d: By the time he arrives, she will have gone. Bi tp trc nghim: Chn phng n ng (ng vi A, B, C, hoc D) hon thnh mi cu sau. Question 1: , we couldn't have continued with the project. A. Provided your contribution wouldn't come B. Unless we had your contribution C. If you hadn't contributed positively D. Even if you didn't like to contribute Question 2: She told him that . A. she had left the tickets at home B. the tickets at home would be left C. she was leaving the tickets at home D. she would have left the tickets at home Question 3: Alex did not do very well in class . A. because he failed to study properly B. although he was not hard-working C. as long as he had studied badly D. therefore he was a good student Cha bi: Cu 1, c 4 mnh cho in vo cu u l mnh ph v u bt u bng cc trng t ni ch quan h chnh ph. Tuy nhin, quan h ca mnh ph vi mnh chnh li khc nhau. La chn A. bt u bng provided, do th hin quan h nguyn nhn v h qu. La chn B. bt u bng t unless v do n th hin quan h iu kin hoc gi nh nghch: Nu khng th La chn C. bt u bng t if v do n th hin quan h iu kin hoc gi nh thun: Nu th La chn D. bt u bng cm even if, v do n th hin quan h iu kin hoc gi nh ph nh: thm ch nuth vn. Xt ng cnh ta thy, cu ny th hin quan h gi nh, do la chn A. b loi, ch cn la chn B, C v D. Tip tc xt cm ng t mnh chnh couldnt have continued, ta thy, cm ng t ny th hin iu kin khng c tht trong qu kh, do thi mnh gi nh phi l qu kh hon thnh. Vy, ch c p n C. C. If you hadn't contributed positively l p n ng. Xt v ng ngha, y cng l mnh ph ph hp nht: Nu anh khng ng ghp tch cc th, chng ti khng th tip tc c d n ny.

Cu hai, mnh chnh ca cu c chia qu kh n v l cu tng thut. mnh cn in l mnh danh t lm tn ng ca ng t tell. Cu ny miu t 2 hnh ng: c y ni v c y qun v nh. Da trn ng cnh, ta thy, vic c y v nh xy ra trc, nn n phi thi qu kh hon thnh. Do , la chn ng l A. she had left the tickets at home Cu 3, c 4 mnh cho in vo cu u l mnh ph v u bt u bng cc trng t ni ch quan h chnh ph. Tuy nhin, quan h ca mnh ph vi mnh chnh li khc nhau. La chn C. bt u bng t as long as (chng no cn..). V hp thi ca ng t, ng t trng mnh ph bt u bng as long as lun ng thi vi ng t ca mnh chnh Nhng trong p n cho, ng t ca mnh ny li qu kh hon thnh, tc l din ra trc ng t ca mnh chnh. Do n sai v hp thi ca ng t. l cha k, v mt ngha, mnh ny cng khng ph hp. p n ny b loi. Xt v ngha gia mnh chnh vi cc mnh ph c cho sn, ta thy la chn B v D u khng logics. Ta khng th ni: anh ta khng hc tt trn lp d anh ta khng chm ch, cng khng th ni: anh ta khng hc tt trn lp v do anh ta l hc sinh gii. Ch c la chn A l ph hp v thi ca ng t, v quan h chnh ph ca 2 mnh ( y l quan h nguyn nhn v kt qu) v v ngha. Do p n l A. because he failed to study properly Thc hnh: Cng c mt bi vit v ngh din vin ng cc pha mo him. Cc em hy gch di cc cu a mnh , xc nh nhng cu no c cc mnh thuc nhm quan h ng ng v nhng cu no c quan h chnh ph. i vi nhng cu c quan h chnh ph, cc em ch n quan h ca 2 mnh , v vic kt hp thi ca chng. Movie Stunts A stunt actors job looks exciting, but it is often difficult and dangerous. Stunt actors jump off high building, fall off mountains, get shot, crash cars, or catch on fire. They need special training to do these stunts safely, and they need good acting skills to make the stunts look real. Stunt actors have to know different punches and kicks for stunt fighting. They have to make the audience believe the fight is a real fight. If they receive a punch or a kick, they have to make the pain look real. Sometimes stunt actors have to fall or jump from very high places. They usually fall onto an airbag. But while they fall they have to act. For example, maybe someone shoots the character while he is falling. The stunt actor has to pretend he is really in pain. Stunt actors often have to do driving stunts like making the car spin around, turn over, and finally crash. Then they have to run away from the burning car before it explodes. Fire stunts are very risky. Stunt actors use real fire. Even though they use fire suits, gloves, powder, and other things to protect themselves during fire stunts, the flames are still hot. Cha bi: Cc cu mnh c quan h ng ng gm: 1. A stunt actors job looks exciting, but it is often difficult and dangerous. 2. They need special training to do these stunts safely, and they need good acting skills to make the stunts look real. Cc cu a mnh c quan h chnh ph gm: 1. If they receive a punch or a kick, they have to make the pain look real. 2. But while they fall they have to act. 3. For example, maybe someone shoots the character while he is falling. 4. The stunt actor has to pretend he is really in pain. 5. Then they have to run away from the burning car before it explodes.

Even though they use fire suits, gloves, powder, and other things to protect themselves during fire stunts, the flames are still hot.