3. 1.

Cc li trong HCI
3. 1. 1. Li v cc phm iu khin
Trong giao din vi ngi dng, chc nng iu khin th hin cch thc ngi dng tng tc vi cc chng trinh ng dng. Cht lng ca qu trnh tng tc ph thuc vo hai yu t sau y a. S thch hp ca chc nng iu khin i vi cc nhim v b. S nht qun ca cc quy tc di cc thao tc iu khin. Vic la chn nhm cng c cho cc cng vic, hay vic thay i cc quy tc di cc cng c iu khin, v ngi thit k c th to ra cc vn i vi ngi dng. Sau y chng ta s xem xt mt s v d nh sau 1. Li phm mi tn: Phm mi tn v cc bn phm lin quan c thit k nh trn. Trong phm mi tn ln v xung th di chuyn c tng dng mt t trn xung di. Trong khi th phm Page Up v Page Down li di chuyn xung n tn u trang hay cui trang. Vic ny c th gy nn s nhm ln v chc nng khi s dng hai loi phm trn.

Hnh 3. 1. 1. Li phm mi tn 2. Li chng trnh sp xp: Hp thoi di y cho php ngi dng c th chn la cc trng c th sp xp. Nh c thy hnh di y, hp thoi cho php ngi s dng sp xp cho ba trng. Nhng thc cht, ngi s dng phi chn c ba trng c th sp xp, khng c cch no sp xp mt trong ba trng mt cch ring bit. Ngi dng ch c th la chn cng mt trng theo cch sau Part ID, tip theo l Part ID v tip sau na l Part ID.

Hnh 3. 1. 2. Li trong chng trnh sp xp 3. Li trong chng trnh khi to Visual Studio v mua giy: Trong chng trnh khi to ny, ngi thit k s to ra mt hp hi kin ca ngi dng xem c ng hay khng. Thng tin ny khng mang li ch li g ngoi vic ngi s dng phi tch li thm mt ln na thng tin m h xc nhn.

Hnh 3. 1. 3. Li trong chng trnh Visual Studio Hn na mt s thng tin khng c s la chn no khc ngoi la chn m ngi thit k nu ra, nh trong v d sau y, thay vo ngi dng nn s dng mt hp ch ngi dng c th nh vo khi cn thit.

Hnh 3. 1. 4. S gii hn trong la chn 4. Li trong Microsoft Outlook: Trong chng trnh Microsoft Outlook, khi gii quyt mt nhim v chng trnh a ra hai thng bo v cc cng vic ang x l: chng trnh hoc l ang bn hoc l khng. Vic nhn mt tin nhn c kch c khong 340K thng thng mt khong 1 pht 45 giy. Trong khong thi gian ny, tin trnh s nu ln gi tr cc i ch khng ni ln tin trnh ang c tin hnh, i khi cn mang tnh gi nh. Ngi dng s thy rng chng trnh b treo v thc hin cc thao tc phm nng quay tr li cng vic.

Hnh 1. 3. 5 Li thng bo v thi gian ti cho ngi dng 5. Li trong Internet Explorer: Cc thanh cng c c thit k gip cho ngi dng c th cung cp s truy cp nhanh n cc danh mc hay c s dng, tuy nhin ngi thit k ca Microsoft chn thanh cng c hin th thc n. Nh chng ta nhn thy trong thc n Favorites, thanh cng c Favorites ch sao chp li thc n. Trn thc t ngi thit k khng cung cp thm bt k s hu ch no cho ngi dng. Hn na li cn tr ngi dng, khi m cc nt trn thanh cng c khng thc hin bt k mt chc nng no c m thay vo l mt thc n. iu khin cho ngi dng phi phn bit cc loi nt trn thanh cng c

Hnh 3. 1. 6 Dng thanh cng c hin th thc n 6. Li trong Microsoft Visual C++ : Chng trnh ny a ra cho ngi s dng iu khin khng bnh thng spin. Chc nng chnh ca iu khin ny l p ng cc yu cu ca ngi dng. Tuy nhin, mun tng gi tr ngi dng phi n mi tn xung, mun gim gi tr xung ngi dng phi n mi tn ln. Vic cc gi tr la chn cch xa nhau khin cho qu trnh chn la tr nn lu hn rt nhiu.

Hnh 3. 1. 7 Li khi chn gi tr 7. Li trong hp thoi Click & Print: Cc hp kim tra c tc dng gip cho ngi dng xc nh c cc hnh ng c bit. Hp thoi Click & Print s dng cc hp kim tra nh l s ch dn v nh cc nt lnh. Khi m ngi dng nhy vo trong cc hp

kim tra, mt hp thoi s c m ra ngi dng c th nhp cc thng tin vo c in trn s xc thc Hp kim tra ch thc s c tc dng nu nh ngi s dng nhy nt OK vo cc hp thoi lin quan.

Hnh 3. 1. 8 Li trong qu trnh tch cc la chn Vic khi to ngy thng l khng hp l. Chng trnh mc nh i vi ngy thng hin ti, nhng ch sau khi chn v n OK. Vn nghim trng nht chnh l khi m ngi dng mun nhy vo Print in sau khi kim tra ton b cc phn trn. Mt thng bo s hin ln: vic kim tra cha hon tt, bn c mun in hay khng? Do vy, i vi hp kim tra nn di dang bt/tt cn i vi cc nt lnh th nn s dng di dng khi to cc hnh ng. 8. Li trong chng trnh Microsoft Visual SourceSafe: Nh hnh v di y, khi m ngi dng mun i su xung trong cy th mc, ngi dng cn phi s dng chut c th i n a im ca th mc cn tm. Nu nh ng dn qu di ngi dng c th qun cu trc ca ng dn. Mt cch tt nht l cung cp cho ngi dng thng tin ny cho v tr trn, tuy nhin ngi thit k li ch cung cp cho thng tin th mc cp thp nht. khc phc tnh trng ny, ngi dng cn phi chuyn dch sang bn tri xc nh li ng dn cn tm. Vic tit kim khng gian ca ngi thit k gy nn s kh khn nht nh cho ngi dng.

Hnh 3. 1. 9 Li khng hin th ng dn 9. Li trong chng trnh chnh sa thi gian: Trong mt s trng hp ngi dng thng thch s dng bn phm nhp d liu. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp

d liu nhp ny hon ton b b qua. Sau y chng ta xem xt trong chng trnh Automate Pro. Chng trnh ny khng nhng yu cu ngi dng nhp d liu trc tip m cn phi nhy vo Set Time v s dng iu khin Clock c bit vo. Nu nh khng c hng dn th ngi dng khng th bit c cch thc xc nh thi gian. Mt s chng trnh phn mm a ra cc tu chn ngi dng c th la chn ph hp hnh thc ph hp.

Hnh 3. 1. 10 Khng c hng dn v cc kiu ca trng 10. Li trong thc n Ewan Popup: Nh trong thc n di y, khi m chng ta n chut phi th s c mt thc n khc x xung. Ta s thy trong thc n ny c mt lot cc hnh ng khng lin quan, iu lm cho ngi dng cm thy kh khn xc nh v nh hng cho hnh ng ca mnh. Thc n trn qu d tha, v yu cu phi di chuyn chut c th xc nh c phng php.

Hnh 3. 1. 11 Li trong thc n 11. Li th t: Phm Tab c chc nng trong vic iu khin trong hp thoi. Tuy nhin cch thc di chuyn khi phi dng phm Tab l rt quan trng nu nh khng tun theo th t t trn xung di s gy ra nhng cn tr i vi ngi dng. Nh trong hnh di y, ngi thit k to ra trng Regarding trc sau mi to ra ln lt.

Hnh 3. 1. 12 Li th t ca cc trng. 12. Li khng nht qun: Tnh nht qun l mt trong cc yu cu ca thit k giao din. Tuy nhin ngi thit k ca IBM, chng trnh chy a CD li khng nm r c iu ny. Hnh nh c ly t chc nng Playlist trong ng dng ny, chng cho php ngi s dng la chn bi ht v th t bt. Hp thoi cung cp hai danh sch theo di: danh sch v danh sch bi ht ang bt. iu c bit l hai danh sch ny hot ng hon ton khc nhau. V d vic nhy p vo bi ht trong Tracklist s lm bi ht xut hin trong Playlist, tuy nhin vic nhy p vo bi ht trong Playlist s lm bi ht bin mt. Hn na, khi m Track List h tr a s la chn, ngi s dng ch c th la chn duy nht mt bi ht trong Playlist.

Hnh 3. 1. 13 Li khng nht qun trong phn mm. 13. Li thng bo tr gip qu nhiu: Thng thng chng ta bn khon vic tr gip bng ch vit l c hiu qu. Tuy nhin WebEditPro chng minh rng c s hn ch nht nh trong cch s dng nh vy. V mt tch cc, WebEditPro cung cp mt lot cc b quyt nh h tr cho ngi dng trong cc thao tc ng dng. Mt tiu cc chnh l, vic gip ny c din ra mt cch t ng v khng c cch no ngn n li c.

Hnh 3. 1. 14 Cc s tr gip khng cn thit Bt c khi no con tr tm dng mt iu khin th mt li gii thch di s c cung cp cho ngi s dng. Cc h tr ny xut hin trn cc v tr khng c bit ca mn hnh, ngn cn kh nng tng tc ca ngi dng, v gy ra cho ngi dng trnh hp thoi ny ngn chn khng cho cc tr gip xut hin. Hn na chng trnh ny ngn cn cho ngi dng cm thy h ang lm ch c qu trnh tng tc. Cung cp tr gip l iu tt nhng hy xut hin khi m c yu cu ca ngi dng. 14. Li trong PowerSearch: Vic khi to chng trnh PowerSearch yu cu bn phi xc nh r ng dn m chng trnh s khi to trn . Thng thng ngi dng s chn ng dn mc nh v vic ci t s din ra trn . Tuy nhin, nu nh ngi dng mun khi to chng trnh trn th mc khc, ngi dng s phi i din vi mt s kh khn m khng c s tr gip. Ngi dng phi nh li ng dn t trong tr nh ca mnh, v phi s dng mt s chng trnh khc xc nh cc ng dn thch hp. C trong hai ci, ngi dng phi g vo cc thng tin, iu cng ng ngha vi vic li s xut hin. Hn na chng trnh ny phi khi to trong ng dn Startup cho Word. Nu nh ngi s dng la chn mt ng dn khc, chng trnh s khng hot ng. iu i hi ngi s dng phi bit c v tr ca ng dn cn khi to.

Hnh 3. 1. 15 Li trong cch xc nh ng dn Vic khi to chng trnh PowerSearch yu cu bn phi xc nh r ng dn m chng trnh s khi to trn . Thng thng ngi dng s chn ng dn mc nh v vic ci t s din ra trn . Tuy nhin, nu nh ngi dng mun khi to

chng trnh trn th mc khc, ngi dng s phi i din vi mt s kh khn m khng c s tr gip. Ngi dng phi nh li ng dn t trong tr nh ca mnh, v phi s dng mt s chng trnh khc xc nh cc ng dn thch hp. C trong hai ci, ngi dng phi g vo cc thng tin, iu cng ng ngha vi vic li s xut hin. Hn na chng trnh ny phi khi to trong ng dn Startup cho Word. Nu nh ngi s dng la chn mt ng dn khc, chng trnh s khng hot ng. iu i hi ngi s dng phi bit c v tr ca ng dn cn khi to. 15. Li trong Microsoft's Internet Explorer: Trn y l mt hp cc danh sch c chc nng chng nhn trong Microsofts Internet Explorer. Ngi dng c th d dng lt t trn lt xung, t tri sang phi. Mc d cc danh sch ko xung l rt ph bin trong Windows, tuy nhin Microsoft vn chn cch yu cu ngi dng cn phi s dng cc thanh trt ngang. Khng ging nh khi s dng cc thanh trt dc, cc thanh trt ngang gy ra mt s thay i ng k th gic ca ngi quan st, sau li ngi dng li phi s dng th gic qut t trn xung di mt ln na.

Hnh 3. 1. 16 Li khi s dng cc thanh trt ngang. Trn y l mt hp cc danh sch c chc nng chng nhn trong Microsofts Internet Explorer. Ngi dng c th d dng lt t trn lt xung, t tri sang phi. Mc d cc danh sch ko xung l rt ph bin trong Windows, tuy nhin Microsoft vn chn cch yu cu ngi dng cn phi s dng cc thanh trt ngang. Khng ging nh khi s dng cc thanh trt dc, cc thanh trt ngang gy ra mt s thay i ng k th gic ca ngi quan st, sau li ngi dng li phi s dng th gic qut t trn xung di mt ln na. 16. Li trong Microsoft's File Manager: Hp thoi di y c cung cp bi chc nng lin kt trong Microsoft's File Manager, khi ngi s dng mun lin kt mt kiu file vi mt ng dng no .

Hnh 3. 1. 17 Li trong khi hin th Trong v d ny, c 133 ng dng cn lin kt, tuy nhin trong hp thoi li ch c 2 ng dng m thi. Kt qu y s l qu trnh tng tc s tr nn km hiu qu i rt nhiu. Hp thoi di y l trong Visual Basic, thay v cch s dng Combobox, ngi thit k chn cch s dng hp danh sch gm c 2 dng.

Hnh 3. 1. 18 Li khi th hin danh sch 17. Li xut hin qu nhiu nt: Ngi thit k chng trnh chuyn i HTML chc hn c mi lin h mt thit vi cc nt lnh. Cc nt lnh c lp li khp ni, a ra mt s hn lon nht nh i vi qu trnh tng tc bng th gic. Ca s hin ln trn y cho php ngi s dng xc nh cc hnh nh khc nhau c s dng cho vicc nh cc nt trn trang Web. Nt Browse cho php ngi s dng xc nh tn file cn thao tc. Nt Gallery c s dng la chn mt nh t trong mt tp c sn. i vi thit k ca s khng nn c qu mt nt c cng chc nng nh nhau.

Hnh 3. 1. 19. Li khi xut hin qu nhiu nt 1. Li trong PowerBuilder: Trong chng trnh PowerBuilder cung cp nhng h tr nh gip cho ngi dng. iu ny c bit hu ch i vi ngi mi s dng. Chng trnh ny cng cung cp mt thanh trang thi nm ngang cho cc biu tng. Tuy nhin ch c vn l khi con tr chut ca ngi dng chuyn n biu

tng th phi mt mt khong thi gian th nhng s h tr mi xut hin. Nu ngi dng di chuyn chut qu nhanh th s khng hin ra c nhng tr gip . Hn na ngay c nhng s tr gip cng khng xut hin ng lc, dn n trng hp khi m con tr chut n mt ni khc th s hng dn vn l ca mt biu tng khc.

Hnh 3. 1. 20 Xut hin h tr lu 1. Li danh sch qu di: Khi danh sch qu di m khng c t chc mt cch hp l iu lm cho qu trnh tm kim tr nn c bit kh khn, nht l nu nh tn tm kim l di v kh nh. Di y l phn tm kim tn cn b cng nhn vin, ngi lp trnh mun ngi dng a vo thng tin chnh xc, do vy h mun ngi dng phi la chn t cc danh sch a ra. Cch thc trn ch c hiu qu nu nh danh sch bao gm khong t 30 n 50, qu hn s l mt s kh khn cho ngi dng. Cch thc gii quyt vn trn chnh l t chc cc danh sch theo th mc, a ch, ngh nghip hay bt k mt hnh thc no khc. Ngi dng s d dng truy cp v tm kim thng tin cn thit.

Hnh 3. 1. 21 T chc khng theo cu trc Li khi nhp s liu: Ngi lp trnh s dng danh sch ko th a ra cho ngi dng. Vic ny i hi ngi dng mi ln nhp mt s phi s dng danh sch ko th v tm kim mt s. Qu trnh ny xy ra lin tc trong mt thi gian ngn gy ra cho ngi dng s khng thoi mi v chn ngt. Trong khi ch cn mt trng s cho ngi dng t nh s ca mnh.

Hnh 3. 1. 22 Li khi nhp s lng qu nhiu 1. Li lng ph b nh v ti nguyn: Ngi thit k bng di y khng nghin cu chc nng ca thc n ko th. Ngi thit k khng c hiu bit v thit k giao din, ng thi thiu lun kinh nghim trong mi trng Windows. Vi cch b tr nh di y, mt s lng b nh v ti nguyn lng ph mt cch v ch.

Hnh 3. 1. 23 Li lng ph b nh 1. Li trong chng trnh Web Publishing Wizard: Sau khi kt ni Web, chng trnh Web Publishing Wizard s hi ngi dng cn phi la chn mt file lm trang chnh cho trang Web. Tht khng may, chng trnh yu cu ngi dng bn phi ti file ny mi ln bn mun thay i trang Web, mc d bn vn mun gi nguyn file . Nu nh bn qun khng a file ny vo trong danh sch th s khng c cch no quay li thm vo hay hu b qu trnh ti. Ngi dng phi la chn mt file trong danh sch d c l file li. Ngi dng phi ng hp thoi trn thanh ngang, nhng him khi c th tt c, ng dng vn hot ng theo hng sai lm .

Hnh 3. 1. 24 Li trong chng trnh duyt Web 1. Li trong chng trnh Uninstall FreeLoader : Khi nhn vo giao din trn, ngi dng s phi t cu hi Nt OK nm u. Khi m ca s chng trnh hin ln, ngi dng s hiu rng chng trnh cung cp cho h mt lot cc la chn. Sau khi tch vo cc phn chn, ngi dng tin rng cc phn h tch s b loi b. Tuy nhin khi m chng trnh chp nhn s la chn ca ngi dng, hnh ng ca ngi dng dng nh l v ngha. Cc hp trn y ch ni ln cho ngi dng bit c cc phn m ngi dng cn phi hon thnh c th tt c chng trnh. Khi m chng trnh bt u hot ng, chng s kim tra tt c cc hp m ngi dng thao tc v sau mi tin hnh xa b.

Hnh 3. 1. 25 Li khng xut hin phm iu khin 1. Li trong cc chng trnh iu khin lin quan n ngy thng hay chnh sa s : Sau y chng ta s xem xt mt s li lin quan n chng trnh chnh sa ngy thng. Trc ht l cch thit k ch s dng vo chut, c bit nu nh cc trng l gn nhau th cch s dng ny khng hiu qu, thay vo dng phm Tab nhanh gn v n gin hn nhiu.

Hnh 3. 1. 26 Li khi la chn ch da vo chut Tip sau y l li thit k m c phm Tab hay bt k mt phm no cng khng th s dng c, iu chnh cc con s mong mun ngi dng khng cn cch no khc chnh l s dng chut n.

Hnh 3. 1. 27. Li khi la chn ch da vo chut Cng tng t nh li trn, khi m ngi lp trnh quy nh ngy thng nm sinh ca ngi dng phi s dng mi tn tr xung pha bn di thay i. Thay i thng phi mt 12 ln bm, thay i ngy phi mt 30 ln. Nu nh ngi no m xa ngy gi tr mc nh th s phi bm rt nhiu ln.

Hnh 3. 1. 28. Li khi la chn ch da vo chut

Hnh 3. 1. 29 Li khi thao tc vi thc n i khi thc n h tr nhng rt kh khn thot ra, ngi dng hoc phi dng cc phm tt trn bn phm hoc phi n vo mt v tr thch hp trong thc n. Ngi dng thng la chn cch thc khng s dng n thc n ny. Tip theo l li trong chng trnh ResSched, khc vi cc tiu khc trn thanh tiu , khi ngi dng n vo tiu Calendar, mt hp thoi la chn s xut hin. khng phi l mt thc n Calendar.

Hnh 3. 1. 30 Li trong chng trnh sp lch. Tuy nhin cch s dng cc thanh tiu l cc lnh trc tip cng khin cho ngi dng cm thy khng thoi mi, v lun lun nhn thy cc hnh ng trc tip.

3. 1. 2. Li cc hp thoi
1. Li ca la chn cc thanh : Cc hp thoi rt tin dng. Chng cho php ngi thit k t chc thng tin v cung cp hnh nh trc quan trong vic tm kim thng tin. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thit k vi s thiu nh hng khin cho hp thoi cng d dng khng hiu qu v gy bi ri cho ngi s dng. Sau y chng ta s xem xt mt s li trong qu trnh thit k cc hp thoi

Hnh 3. 1. 31 Thit k thiu s nh hng

Hp thoi Font trong Microsoft Word 6. 0 l mt trong nhng li d nhn thy trong cc li v hp thoi. Bng cch thay th nt iu khin trn hp thoi, ngi dng cm thy bi ri v ging nh ang la chn mt lot cc nt. Vic thay th ny ch cho ngi dng cn phi kch vo nt OK sau mt s iu chnh no trc khi chuyn sang cc hp thoi no . Ngi thit k thy rng nu nh cc nt iu khin t ra ngoi hp thoai, ngi dng c th hiu rng cc nt l iu khin cho ton b cc hp thoi, nh ch ra trong hp thoi Properties t phin bn Windows 95 ca Microsoft Word

Hnh 3. 1. 32 Li trong chng trnh Microsoft Word Microsoft thit k ra vic thay th cc nt iu khin trong Window 95, nhng khng may, vic khng ci thin c cc vn ang tn ti. V d ngoi cc thay i nh, hp thoi Font trong phin bn Windows 95 khng c nhiu khc bit so vi cc phn bn trc. Cc hp thoi cng gy kh khn cho ngi dng bit c s thay i c hiu qu nh no. Hu ht cc hp thoi c cc quy tc: s thay i s din ra khi m ngi dng la chn nt OK. Hp thoi Option ca Microsoft Word 6. 0 tun theo cc quy tc mt cch ri rc: mt vi la chn c thit k c tc dng khi ngi dng chuyn sang mt hp thoi khc.

Hnh 3. 1. 33 Li khi th hin Font .V d nh trong la chn Show, tt c cc la chn ngoi tr Picture Placeholder u c tc dng khi ngi dng chuyn sang mt hp thoi khc. Hn na, khi m ngi dng chuyn sang hp thoi khc sau khi c bt k mt s thay i la chn no, nt Cancel thay i thnh Close. Chc nng th hai c ngha l mi s thay i u khng b hu b m khng c s khi to li cc gi tr ban u. Cc la chn khc trn hp thoi

v cc hp thoi khc c t tn trn cc ng dng khng nht qun v s khng nht qun ny cn tip tc trong cc phin bn sau na. S khng nht qun cn ngn cho ngi dng khng th tham gia vo cc ng dng, lm cho qu trnh hc kh khn hn v s khng thoi mi.

Hnh 3. 1. 34 Li khng nht qun v li chn la Trong Word 6. 0, Microsoft n lc tng tnh hu dng ca cc thanh trn hp thoai bng cch tng cc s lng cc thanh trn hp thoi. Tuy nhin vic tng ny li cn tr vn v tnh hu dng. 2. S lng ca cc thanh trn hp thoi : S lng cc bng trn cc hp thoi cn tr ngi mi s dng, lm cho ngi s dng kh xc nh v tr ca cc thanh cn thit cho cc thao tc. Vic sp xp cc thanh dng nh khng ph thuc vo cu trc c ngha. Mt cch trc quan, thm vo cc thanh s to thm s hn lon, nh hng ng k n th gic ngi dng.

Hnh 3. 1. 35 Li s lng cc thanh qu nhiu trn hp thoi Li nghim trong nht chnh l vic chn bt k mt thanh no cng s to thm s mt th t ca cc thanh. Cc thanh la chn s y ln trc, v con tr s nm v tr thanh khng lin quan lm gim tnh tp trung ca ngi dng. Hn na s lng cc thanh trn cc hp thoi l khc nhau, vic kch vo mt thanh s lm thay i ton b th t ca cc thanh t tri sang phi, t trc ra sau, m khng c bt k s nh hng no cho ngi dng.

Hnh 3. 1. 36 Li s lng cc thanh qu nhiu trn hp thoi i khi vic thit k cn tch hp nhiu thanh cho nhiu cc chc nng khc nhau, v d nh Device and Device-2, Window and Window-2. Trn thc t vic mt nhm cc thanh phn chia thnh cc hng khng mang theo tnh th t v d nh Modti v Modti-2.

Hnh 3. 1. 37 Li s lng cc thanh qu nhiu trn hp thoi Vn cng nghim trng hn nu thm vo l c biu tng v mu sc m khng tun theo bt k mt quy tc no thc s lm nhiu lon th gic ca ngi dng. Khi m ngi dng c th nhn thy ton b hp thoi th mt vn tip theo chnh l vic s dng cc thanh trn hp thoi (ch n cc thanh khc nhau c t sng)

Hnh 3. 1. 38 Li s lng mu sc qu nhiu Sau y chng ta s xem mt hp thoi c thit k tt

Hnh 3. 1. 39 Mt giao din c thit k tt Thit k cc thanh n trn cc hp thoi : Vic thit k nhiu thanh trn nhiu hng ca cc hp thoi l mt li thit k. Mt trong nhng cch khc phc chnh l thit k cc thanh n trn cc hp thoi. Tuy nhin cch thit k ny cng c nhiu vn .

Hnh 3. 1. 40 Li khi thit k cc thanh n trn hp thoi Khi m hp thoi SourceSafe cung cp nhiu thanh c hin th hn trn mt hng, ngi pht trin s dng mt thanh iu khin cun. Mi tn iu khin bn phi trn thanh cng c cho php ngi s dng c th ko th cc thanh. Vic ko cc thanh khng lm thay i cc thanh hin ti, cho php ngi s dng nhn cc thanh khc ang b n. Cc thanh n i vi ngi dng l mt trong nhng thit k c nhiu li. Cch thc ny quy nh ngi dng phi kch chut nhiu ln c th nhn thy cc thanh ang n m khng bit th t ca thanh n , tng t nh vy i vi cc hnh ng quay li t pha trc. iu cng t hi hn nu nh cc thanh trn hp thoi khng c sp xp theo th t u tin. Li khi khng hin th y thng tin : Mt trong nhng u im chnh ca hp thoi chnh l gip cho ngi dng thy c ton b ni dung ca hp thoi. Mt iu quan trng chnh l cc thanh phi c quan h vi nhau theo mt cch no . Tuy nhin i khi iu khng phi lc no cng xy ra. Chng ta hy xem xt trong hp thoi Add/Rtolove Program Properties trong Control Panel ca Windows 95. Trong ba thanh pha trn th ch c thanh Install/Unistall l c lin quan n chc nng. Trong khi Windows Setup ngha khi to hay xo b cc chng trnh, thut ng ny lin quan n cch thc ci t cc tham s cho h thng m khng lin quan n vic thm vo hay b i cc chng trnh. Cui cng, khng c s lin quan no gia Startup Disk vi vic khi to hay xa b cc chng trnh.. Vi cch b tr nh trn ngi dng s khng bao gi tm kim Windows Setup di tiu Add/Rtoiove Programs.

Hnh 3. 1. 41 Li khi khng hin th y cc thng tin 3. S khng rnh mch v chc nng : Thanh trn hp thoi c chc nng lm gim s ln xn bng cch t chc cc thng tin vo cc mc khc nhau. Trn thc t i khi cc chc nng ging nhau li c sp xp vo cc thanh khc nhau, gy nn s bi

ri nht nh cho ngi dng. Sau y chng ta xt mt hp thoi tm kim c li khng rnh mch v chc nng

Hnh 3. 1. 42 Li khng rnh mch v chc nng Ngi dng phi nh dng cho kiu file bng cch nh thm vo phn m rng ca tn file v chn tn file trong hp Name, hoc l c th chn Of Type trong thanh Advance ko xung. Vic thay i mt trong cc trng ny s khin cho cc trng khc cng phi thay i theo, tuy nhin chng nm trn cc thanh khc nhau nn s thay i ny khng hin ln cho ngi dng. Vic thay i Of Type c nh hng n cc c im ca file cn tm m trc ngi dng nh dng. Kt qu y s l ngi dng cm thy bi ri i vi kt qu tm kim.

Hnh 3. 1. 43 Li khng rnh mch v chc nng Ngha ca thanh Advance l ti ngha hn c. Liu trong vic tm kim mt chui cc k t trong on c cn thit phi c chc nng ny? iu ny khin cho ngi dng cm thy cn phi tm hiu chc nng ca thanh ny. Khi m hp thoi a ra t cc tiu ch tm kim th khng c l do g m li khng cung cp thnh cc v tr ring bit. Vic thit k ny trnh cho ngi dng nhn thy c cc tiu ch khc nhau mt cch ng thi v trnh c hin tng nh trn. 4. Tnh khng nht qun v chc nng : Sau y chng ta s xem xt mt li khng nht qun trong Contact Master, y l mt chng trnh ng dng qun l trong thanh trn hp thoi c s dng sp xp d liu. Vic sp xp da vo kiu ca ct c sp xp. Th t gia cc ct s thay i khi m ct c sp xp lun lun c t u tin. Vic khng nht qun c ch thch trong phn tr gip trong a ra mt nh ngha v thanh trn hp thoi Tab cho php bn thay i ngay

lp tc th t ca d liu trong cc hp hay c th truy cp nhiu trang trn mt biu mu. Thanh trn hp thoi l cng c h tr, gip t chc thng tin v truy cp nhanh nht. Bng cch cung cp cho thanh mt chc nng k l. Ngi dng s cm thy bi ri i vi chc nng ca thanh trn hp thoi.

Hnh 3. 1. 44 Li v chc nng Tng t nh vy l trong phn mm MediaBlaze. Phn mm ny c 4 thanh trn hp thoi c chc nng thay i kiu ca file ang nm trong cc ng dn. Thanh MediaAgent c chc nng tm kim file trn my tnh c nhn, ngoi ra cn c thm chc nng xc nh kiu ca file. Thanh About hin th cc thng tin ca file. 5. Li sch a ch ca IBM : Trong rt nhiu cc thanh trong quyn sch, ch c cc thanh dc bn phi ca mn hnh l thch hp vi hp thoi. Chng cho php ngi dng nhanh chng m n cc trang cn thit. i vi hai hp thoi bn tri, giao din rt kh nhn ra, chng cho php ngi dng chuyn sang hai ch Address Book v Speed Dial Trong 9 thanh trn th ch c 2 thanh Add v Change khi n vo s lm hin th mt thanh khc. Thanh Change c chc nng cc bn ghi la chn s hin th ln trn mn hnh, cn thanh Add c chc nng hin th cc bn ghi trng ln trn mn hnh. Cn 7 thanh cn li ch l cc nt lnh v d nh khi to mt hnh ng no

Hnh 3. 1. 45 Li sch a ch ca IBM 6. Li hp thoi Properties : Vi cc tnh nng ca Windows 95, Microsoft gii thiu mt phin bn hp thoi mi: hp thoi Properties. Mi mt i tng trong h iu hnh nh file, th mc, my in hay a u c lin quan n hi thoi Properties, trong miu t cc thng tin v cc c tnh ca thc th. Thng tin trong hp thoi lun c hin th thng qua cch s dng cc thanh.

Hnh 3. 1. 46 Li trong hp thoi Sounds Properties Trong hp thoi m ch c mt thanh duy nht th iu cng tng ng vi vic tm ra c mt bn ghi duy nht. Mt thanh duy nht ni ln rng cc thanh khc cng tn ti nhng trn thc t th khng phai nh vy. Thanh tab ny khng cung cp thm mt thng tin hu dng no cho ngi dng c, chng ch chim khng gian v gy kh khn v vn th gic i vi ngi dng.

Hnh 3. 1. 47 Li khng h tr ngi dng

Hn na vic s dng t Properties s gy nn s nhm ln nht nh cho ngi dng v d nh gia Properties Dialogs v Standard Dialogs. Ngoi ra chng ta cng c th thy c mt s hp thoi c duy nht mt thanh nhng ngha ca chng li hon ton tri ngc nhau. Nh v d di y, t Properties Sheet l hon ton v ngha i vi ngi dng. Hn na ngi dng cng cm thy bi ri khi gp phi thanh Option. Trong khi thanh ption ny c th hon ton khng cn thit. Do vy trong hp thoi di y th thanh Option nn c loi b cn tn ca hp thoi nn thay th bng Option.

Hnh 3. 1. 48 Li khi t tn hp thoi Chng trnh khi to trong Lotus ScreenCam cng gp phi vn tng t nh trn. Ngi thit k c nh h tr cho ngi dng. Tuy nhin tht khng may, khi m hp thoi ch c duy nht mt thanh, th nhng li hng dn li lm ri tr ngi s dng. Vi cch thit k nh vy, ngi pht trin lm cho ngi s dng phi hiu c li hng dn trc khi nhy vo thanh cng c thay i.

Hnh 3. 1. 49 Li khi t tn hp thoi 7. Li trong chng trnh Visual Portfolio Manager

Hnh 3. 1. 50 Li trong cch thit k chc nng y l mt chng trnh qun l ngi dng. Chng trnh ny th hin mt lot cc li trong qu trnh thao tc. Th nht, mc ch chnh ca cc thanh cng c trong chng trnh chnh l cung cp s truy cp vo cc nt ca h thng. Trong hu ht cc phn, thanh cng c hot ng nh mt thc n, mi phn li c cha mt lot cc danh mc nh hn. Hn na thit k y khng mang tnh nht qun. Vic trn ln nhiu vo trong cc thanh cng c ging nh l cc hp thoi la chn. Cc thanh nh Backup v Utilities th hin mt chc nng t khi s dng, tuy nhin vn c sp xp vi quyn u tin cao nh khi vn c s dng thng xuyn. Khng mt thanh cng c no c lin quan n cc thanh cng c cn li, ngoi tr mt thc t rng ngi thit k t ngi s dng vo trong cng mt mu. Thc n c l l cch thit k hiu qu nht cho chng trnh ng dng ny. Mt trong nhng cch l cung cp cch truy cp thng qua cc biu tng, phm nhanh v c l cc thanh c s dng mt cch thng xuyn. 8. Li trong Oracle : Trong chc nng Add Database ca Oracle, thanh cng c c s dng cho php ngi s dng xc nh cc c tnh ca mt c s d liu mi. Tuy nhin, cch thit k hp thoi nh vy ngn cn cho ngi dng khai thc cc thanh cng c trong hp thoi. Nh ch ra di y, nu nh ngi dng n con tr chut vo trong thanh cng c Tab, ngi dng s nhn c mt thng bo li. Oracle ngn cn cho ngi dng c th khai thc hp thoi mt cch hiu qu. Hp thoi c thit k vic xc nhn ch din ra sau khi n OK. Hn na ngi dng khng th c lng c sau khi n OK s nh th no.

Hnh 3. 1. 51 Li ngn cn ngi s dng 9. Li ca cc nhn: Vic gn nhn khng hn l mt li nghim trng ca thit k thanh cng c trn hp thoi, tuy nhin i khi cch gn nhn cng gy nn mt s s khng hiu qu trong vic thit k

Hnh 3. 1. 52 Li gn nhn Trong hi thoi Text Properties trong Lotus, hnh nhn kh hiu t v tr trong hp thoi gy nn s kh hiu nht nh cho ngi dng. Ngi s dng s phi da vo cc ln th khc nhau hiu c ngha ca biu tng trong hp thoi m khng c s m bo iu c c thc hin hay khng.