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a)

Chng 1. CAU TAO NGUYEN T 1.1 Chon cau sai: Phan t gam cua mot chat la: a) Khoi lng tnh bang gam cua chat o, co so o bang phan t lng cua no. b) Khoi lng cua mot phan t chat o, tnh bang n v cacbon. c) Khoi lng tnh bang gam cua mot mol chat o. d) La khoi lng tnh bang gam cua 22,4 lt chat o khi no the kh. 1.2 ien t chnh xac: ien vao khoang ... cum t chnh xac nhat. Mot mol chat la lng chat cha 6,023.1023 cua chat. a) Phan t c) Tieu phan cau truc b) Ion d) Nguyen t 1.3 Phan ng hoa hoc co nhng bieu hien nao trong cac bieu hien sau: 1) Bien oi trang thai tap 4) Bien oi dang cua chat hp cua mot chat rieng ran. le. 5) Bien oi mau. 2) Giai phong kh. 6) Phat nhiet hay thu nhiet. 3) Tao thanh ket tua. a) 1,2,3,4 b) 2,3,4,6 c) 1,2,3,6 d) 2,3,5,6 1.4 Chon cau sai : a) Quang pho nguyen t la quang pho lien tuc. b) Nguyen t c tao thanh t cac hat c ban la neutron, proton va electron. c) Knh thc cua hat nhan rat nho so vi kch thc cua nguyen t. d) Hat nhan cua nguyen t khong thay oi trong cac phan ng hoa hoc thong thng (tr phan ng hat nhan). 1.5 Trong cac phat bieu cho sau ay, cac phat bieu ung la: 1) Cac nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan Z va co so khoi A khac nhau c goi la cac ong v. 2) Hat nhan nguyen t cua cac ong v cua mot nguyen to co so ntron khac nhau. 3) Nguyen t lng cua mot nguyen to trong bang he thong tuan hoan la trung bnh cong cua nguyen t lng cua cac ong v theo ty le ton tai trong t nhien. 4) Tr ong v co nhieu nhat cua mot nguyen to X, cac ong v khac eu la nhng ong v phong xa. 5) Cac ong v cua cung mot nguyen to th giong nhau ve tat ca cac tnh chat ly, hoa hoc. 1,5 1, 2, 3 1,2 1,4,5

1.6 Chon phat bieu sai ve kieu nguyen t Bohr ap dung cho nguyen t Hidro hoac cac ion giong Hidro (ion ch co 1 electron) a) Khi chuyen ong tren quy ao Bohr, nang lng cua electron khong thay oi. b) Bc xa phat ra khi electron chuyen t mc nang lng Ed xuong mc nang lng Ec co bc song bang :
=
c)

Ed Ec h

Electron khoi lng m, chuyen ong vi toc o v tren quy ao Bohr ban knh r, co o ln cua momen ong lng: mvr =
nh 2

Electron ch thu vao hay phat ra bc xa khi chuyen t quy ao ben nay sang quy ao ben khac. 1.7 Chon cau ung: o dai song cua bc xa do nguyen t hidro phat ra tuan 1 1 1 theo he thc: = R H 2 2 . Neu n1 = 1 va n2 = 4, bc xa nay n 1 n2 ng vi s chuyen electron: a) T quy ao 1 len quy ao 4, bc xa thuoc day Lyman. b) T quy ao 1 len quy ao 4, bc xa thuoc day Balmer. c) T quy ao 4 xuong quy ao 1, bc xa thuoc day Lyman. d) T quy ao 4 xuong quy ao 1, bc xa thoc day Balmer. 1.8 Chon ap so ung: Tnh nang lng ion hoa (eV) e tach electron trong nguyen t hydro mc n = 3 ti xa vo cung. a) 1,51 eV d) Khong u d b) 4,53 eV lieu e tnh c) 13,6 eV 1.9 Thuyet c hoc lng t khong chap nhan ieu nao trong cac ieu sau ay : 1) Co the ong thi xac nh chnh xac v tr va toc o cua electron. 2) Electron va co tnh chat song va co tnh chat hat. 3) Electron luon chuyen ong tren mot quy ao xac nh trong nguyen t 4) Khong co cong thc nao co the mo ta trang thai cua electron trong nguyen t a) 1,3 b) 1,3,4 c) 1,2,4 d) 1,2,3 1.10 Chon chu giai ung cua phng trnh song Schrdinger:
d)

2 2 2 82 m + + + ( E V) = 0 x 2 y 2 z 2 h2

1) E la nang lng toan phan va V la the nang cua hat vi mo phu thuoc vao toa o x, y, z. 2) ay la phng trnh song mo ta s chuyen ong cua hat vi mo cua he co s thay oi theo thi gian. 3) la ham song oi vi cac bien x, y, z mo ta s chuyen ong cua hat vi mo iem co toa o x, y va z phu thuoc vao thi gian. a) 2,3 b) 1,3 c) 1,2 d) 1 1.11 Chon cau ung: Dau cua ham song c bieu dien tren hnh dang cua cac AO nh sau: a) AO s co the mang dau (+) hay dau (-). b) AO p co dau hai vung khong gian giong nhau ( cung mang dau (+) hoac cung mang dau (-)). c) AO s ch mang dau (+). d) AO p ch co dau (+) ca hai vung khong gian. 1.12 Chon cau ung : Ocbitan nguyen t la: a) Vung khong gian bat ky cha 90% xac suat co mat cua electron. b) Ham song mo ta trang thai cua electron trong nguyen t c xac nh bi 3 so lng t n, , m. c) Quy ao chuyen ong cua electron trong nguyen t. d) Ham song mo ta trang thai cua electron trong nguyen t c xac nh bi 4 so lng t n, , m va ms. 1.13 Chon phat bieu ung: 1) Cac orbital nguyen t s co tnh oi xng cau. 2) Cac orbital nguyen t pi co mat phang phan oi xng i qua tam va vuong goc vi truc toa o i tng ng. 3) Cac orbital nguyen t pi co mat o xac suat gap electron la cc ai doc theo truc toa o i tng ng. 4) Cac orbital nguyen t d nhan tam O cua he toa o lam tam oi xng. a) 1,2,4 b) 1,3,4 c) 2,4 d) 1,2,3,4 1.14 Chon trng hp ung: Chon tat ca cac tap hp co the ton tai trong cac tap hp cac so lng t sau: 1) n = 3, = 3, m = 3 2) n = 3, = 2, m = +2 3) n = 3, = 1, m = +2 4) n = 3, = 0, m = 0 a) 2 & 4 b) 2 , 3 c) 1 & 4 d) 1,3 & 4 1.15 Chon trng hp ung: Trong cac ky hieu phan lp lng t sau, ky hieu nao ung: a) 1s, 1p, 7d, 9s, 3f b) 1s, 7d, 9s, 4f 3

c) 1s, 7d, 9s, 2d d) 1s, 7d, 2d 1.16 Chon phat bieu sai: a) So lng t chnh n co the nhan gia tr nguyen dng (1,2, 3) , xac nh nang lng electron, kch thc ocbitan nguyen t; n cang ln th nang lng cua electron cang cao, kch thc ocbitan nguyen t cang ln. Trong nguyen t a electron, nhng electron co cung gia tr n lap nen mot lp electron va chung co cung gia tr nang lng. b) So lng t phu co the nhan gia tr t 0 en n1. So lng t phu xac nh ten va hnh dang cua am may electron. Trong nguyen t a electron, nhng electron co cung gia tr n va lap nen mot phan lp electron va chung co nang lng nh nhau. c) So lng t t m co the nhan gia tr t en + . So lng t t ac trng cho s nh hng cua cac ocbitan nguyen t trong t trng. d) So lng t t spin ac trng cho thuoc tnh rieng cua electron va ch co hai gia tr 1/2 va +1/2. 1.17 Chon cau sai: 1) Nang lng cua orbitan 2px khac cua orbitan 2pz v chung co nh hng khac nhau. 2) Nang lng cua orbitan 1s cua oxy bang nang lng cua orbitan 1s cua flo. 3) Nang lng cua cac phan lp trong mot lp lng t co gia tr khac nhau th khac nhau. 4) Nang lng cua cac orbitan trong mot phan lp co gia tr m khac nhau th khac nhau. a) 1,4 b) 1,2,4 c) 2,3,4 d) 1,2 1.18 Chon cau sai: a) Cac electron lp ben trong co tac dung chan manh oi vi cac electron lp ben ngoai. b) Cac electron trong cung mot lp chan nhau yeu hn so vi khac lp c) Cac electron trong cung mot lp, theo chieu tang ga tr se co tac dung chan giam dan. d) Cac electron lp ben ngoai hoan toan khong co tac dung chan oi vi cac electron lp ben trong. 1.19 Chon phat bieu ung: 1) Hieu ng xam nhap cang nho khi cac so lng t n va l cua electron cang nho. 2) Mot phan lp bao hoa hay ban bao hoa co tac dung chan yeu cac lp ben ngoai. 3) Hai electron thuoc cung mot o lng t chan nhau rat yeu nhng lai ay nhau rat manh. a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) 1,2,3 4

1.20 Chon trng hp ung: Ten cac ocbitan ng vi n = 5, = 2; n= 4, = 3; n =3, = 0 lan lt la: a) 5p, 4d, 3s c) 5s, 4d, 3p b) 5d, 4f, 3s d) 5d, 4p, 3s 1.21 Thuyet c hoc lng t ap dung cho nguyen t nhieu electron khong chap nhan ieu nao trong 4 ieu sau ay (chon cau sai): a) trang thai c ban, cac electron chiem cac mc nang lng sao cho tong nang lng cua chung la nho nhat. b) Cac electron trong cung mot nguyen t khong the co 4 so lng t giong nhau. c) Nang lng cua ocbitan ch phu thuoc vao so lng t chnh. d) Trong moi phan lp, cac electron sap xep sao cho so electron oc than la toi a. 1.22 Chon trng hp ung: Trong cac cau hnh electron sau, nhng cau hnh nao tuan theo cac nguyen tac ngoai tr va vng ben cua Pauli: 1) 1s32s22p6 3) 1s22s22p43s13p1 2 2 5 2) 1s 2s 2p 4) 1s22s22p63s23p63s10 5) 1s22s22p63s23p63d144s2 a) 2 b) 1,2,3 c) 3,4,5 d) 2,5 1.23 Chon trng hp ung: Cho biet so electron toi a va so lng t chnh n cua cac lp lng t O va Q: a) lp O: 2 e, n = 1; lp Q: 32 e, n = 4 b) lp O: 18 e, n = 3; lp Q: 50 e, n = 5 c) lp O: 32 e, n = 4; lp Q: 72 e, n = 6 d) lp O: 50 e, n = 5; lp Q: 98 e, n = 7 1.24 Chon trng hp ung: So orbital toi a co the co tng ng vi ky hieu sau: 5p, 3d z , 4d, n = 5, n = 4. a) 3, 5, 5, 11, 9 c) 1, 1,1, 50, 32 b) 3, 1, 5, 25, 16 d) 3, 1, 5, 11, 9 1.25 Chon trng hp ung: Cac nguyen t trang thai c ban co cau hnh electron hoa tr nguyen t nh sau co so electron oc than lan lt la 1) 4f75d16s2 2) 5f26d77s2 3) 3d54s1 4) 4f86s2 a) 1) 4 ; 2) 5 ; 3) 6 ; 4) 5 c) 1) 4 ; 2) 5 ; 3) 2 ; 4) 5 b) 1) 8 ; 2) 4 ; 3) 6 ; 4) 6 d) 1) 8 ; 2) 5 ; 3) 6 ; 4) 6 1.26 Chon phat bieu ung trong cac phat bieu sau: 1) Trong cung mot nguyen t, ocbitan np co kch thc ln hn ocbitan (n-1)p. 2) Trong cung mot nguyen t, nang lng cua electron tren AO ns ln hn nang lng cua electron tren AO (n-1)s.
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a)

3) Xac suat gap electron cua mot AO 4f moi hng la nh nhau. 4) Nang lng cua electron tren AO 3dzx ln hn nang lng cua electron tren AO 3dxy 1,2 1,2,3 2,3 1,4 Chng 2. HE THONG TUAN HOAN 2.1 Chon phat bieu ung: Nguyen ly xay dng bang he thong tuan hoan, dang bang dai, la: 1) Cac nguyen to c sap xep t trai sang phai theo chieu giam dan cua so th t nguyen t Z. 2) Trong moi chu ky t n > 1 luon bat au t phan lp ns va ket thuc bang phan lp np, nguyen to cuoi chu ky la kh tr. 3) Cot 1 va 2 bao gom cac nguyen to s, thuoc phan nhom chnh. 4) T cot 3 en ct 12 gom cac nguyen to d va f, thuoc phan nhom phu. 5) T cot 13 en ct 18 gom cac nguyen to p, thuoc phan nhom chnh. a) 2,3,4,5 b) 1,2,3,4 c) 1,3,4,5 d) 1,2,4,5 2.2 Chon cau ung: So th t cua phan nhom bang tong so electron lp lng t ngoai cung. Quy tac nay: a) ung vi moi nguyen to phan nhom chnh. b) ung vi cac nguyen to phan nhom chnh va phan nhom phu tr phan nhom VIIIB, VIIIA va VIIA. c) ung vi moi nguyen to phan nhom chnh, phan nhom IB va IIB tr He phan nhom VIIIA va hydro phan nhom VIIA. d) ung vi moi nguyen to trong bang he thong tuan hoan. 2.3 Chon phng an ung va ay u nhat: Cong thc electron hoa tr tong quat cua cac nguyen to : 1) Phan nhom IIIB : (n-2)f0-14(n-1)d0-2ns2 2) Phan nhom VIIIA : ns2np6 3) Phan nhom VIIIB : (n-1)d6-10ns0-2 a) 1,2,3 b) 2,3 c) 2 d) 3 2.4 Electron cuoi cua nguyen t 15P co bo cac so lng t sau (quy c electron ien vao cac ocbitan theo th t m t + en ) a) n = 3, = 2, m = ms = 2, c) n = 3, = 1, m = ms = 1, +1/2 +1/2 b) n = 3, = 2, m = +2, ms d) n = 3, = 1, m = +1, ms = 1/2 = 1/2 6

a) b) c) d)

a)

2.5 Trang thai cua electron lp ngoai cung trong nguyen t co Z = 30 c ac trng bang cac so lng t: n = 3, = 2, m = -2, ms = +1/2 n = 4, = 0, m = 0, ms = +1/2 va -1/2 n = 3, = 2, m = +2, ms = -1/2 n = 4, = 0, m = 1, ms = +1/2 va -1/2 2.6 Cho cac nguyen to: 20Ca, 26Fe, 48Cd, 57La, cac ion co cau hnh lp vo electron giong cac kh tr gan no la: a) Ca2+, Cd2+ c) La3+, Fe3+ b) Ca2+, Cd2+ d) Ca2+, La3+ 2.7 Cho: 51Sb, 52Te, 53I, 56Ba. Nguyen t va ion cua nguyen to nao trong so cac nguyen to di ay co cau hnh electron giong ion I ? a) Sb3-; Te2-; Ba2+ c) Sb2-; Te2-; Ba2+ 32b) Sb ; Te ; Ba d) Sb3-; Te-; Ba2+ 2.8 Chon phng an ung: Ion X3+ co phan lp ngoai cung la 3d2. electron cuoi cung cua X c ac trng bi bo 4 so lng t (quy c electron ien vao cac ocbitan theo th t m t + en ): a) n = 3, = 2, m = 1, ms = c) n = 4, = 0, m = 0, ms = +1/2 -1/2 b) n = 3, = 2, m = -2, ms d) n = 3, = 2, m = 0, ms = = +1/2 +1/2 2.9 Chon trng hp ung: Da vao trat t phan bo cac mc nang lng cho biet cau tao lp vo electron hoa tr cua nguyen t cua 60Nd. a) 4f46s2 c) 4f56s1 b) 4f35d16s25 d) 5d46s2 2.10 Chon phat bieu ung. Cau hnh electron cua hai nguyen to thuoc phan nhom VIB va VIA cua chu k 4 lan lt la: 1) 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2 3) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4 2) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 4) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s14p5 1, 3 b) 1, 4 c) 2, 3 d) 2, 4 2.11 Chon trng hp ung: Xac nh cau hnh electron hoa tr va ho nguyen to cua 89Ac. a) 5f17s2, nguyen to ho f c) 7s27p1, nguyen to ho p 1 2 b) 6d 7s , nguyen to ho d d) 7s2, nguyen to ho s 2.12 Chon trng hp ung: Da tren cau hnh electron hoa tr di ay, cho biet v tr (chu ky, phan nhom) cua nguyen to trong bang he thong tuan hoan: 1) 4d105s1 2) 4f66s2 3) 4s1 a) 1: CK 5, PN: IB; 2: CK 6, PN: IIIB; 3: CK 4, PN: IA b) 1: CK 5, PN: IA ; 2: CK 6, PN: IIIB; 3: CK 4, PN: IB c) 1: CK 5, PN: IA; 2: CK 6, PN: VIIIB; 3: CK 4, PN: IA d) 1: CK 5, PN: IB; 2: CK 6, PN: IIA; 3: CK 4, PN: IA 7

2.13 Chon trng hp ung: Nguyen to co cau hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f126s2 thuoc a) chu k 6, phan nhom IIIB, phi kim loai. b) chu k 6, phan nhom IIIB, kim loai. c) chu k 6, phan nhom IIB, kim loai. d) chu k 6, phan nhom IIA, Kim loai. 2.14 Chon trng hp ung: Cho cau hnh electron cua cac nguyen t X , Y , Z , T nh sau: X : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f56s2 Y : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3 Z : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s1 T : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2 a) X la kim loai chuyen tiep f thuoc phan nhom IIIB. b) Y la kim loai chuyen tiep thuoc phan nhom VB. c) Z la kim loai kiem thuoc phan nhom IA. d) T la kim loai chuyen tiep thuoc phan nhom VIIIB. 2.15 Chon trng hp ung: Xac nh cac nguyen to co cong thc electron hoa tr di ay la kim loai, phi kim loai hay lng tnh. Cho biet mc oxy hoa dng cao nhat va mc oxy hoa am thap nhat cua chung (sap theo th t yeu cau) A) 3d54s2 B) 5s25p5 a) A: kim loai ; +7; 1; B: phi kim loai ; +5; 1; b) A: phi kim loai; +7 ; 1; B: lng tnh; +7; 1; c) A: kim loai; +7 ; B: kim loai; +7 ; 1; d) A: Kim loai ; +7; B: phi kim loai ; +7 ; 1 2.16 Chon trng hp ung: Nguyen to A co cau hnh electron phan lp cuoi cung la 4p3. A phai: a) thuoc phan nhom IIIA, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +3 va khong co so oxy hoa am. b) thuoc phan nhom VA, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +5 va co so oxy hoa am thap nhat -3. c) thuoc phan nhom IIIB, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +3 va co so oxy hoa am thap nhat -3. d) thuoc phan nhom VB, co so oxy hoa dng cao nhat +5 va co so oxy hoa am thap nhat -3. 2.17 Chon phng an khong chnh xac: Cac nguyen to co cau hnh electron phan lp ngoai cung ns1: 1) la kim loai 3) la nguyen to ho s 2) ch co so oxi hoa +1 4) co 1 electron hoa tr a) 1,2,3,4 b) 3,4 c) 1,2 d) 2,3,4 2.18 Chon phat bieu ung:

a) Trong cung chu ky , ban knh nguyen t ( thuoc phan nhom chnh) tang dan t au en cuoi chu ky. b) Trong mot chu ky ngan, o am ien tang dan t trai qua phai. c) Cac nguyen to nhom IA de dang nhan them 1 e e tao anion. d) Trong bang phan loai tuan hoan, bat au chu ky III a co phan nhom phu. 2.19 Chon phat bieu sai: Trong cung mot chu ky theo th t t trai qua phai, ta co : 1) So lp electron tang dan. 2) Co xu hng giam nang lng ion hoa. 3) Co xu hng tang dan tnh kh. 4) Co xu hng tang dan tnh phi kim loai. a) 1, 3 b) 4 c) 1,2,3 d) 1,2,4 2.20 Cac phat bieu nao sau ay la khong chnh xac va khong ay u 1) Theo nh nghia th ai lc electron la nang lng can tieu ton e ket hp them electron vao nguyen t trung hoa. 2) o am ien cua mot kim loai ln hn o am ien cua mot phi kim loai. 3) S sai biet gia hai o am ien cua A va B cang ln th lien ket A B cang t phan cc. 4) Trong mot chu k, nang lng ion hoa th nhat tang eu an t trai qua phai. 1,2,3,4 2,3 2,3,4 1,2,3 2.21 Chon phat bieu ung cho cac nguyen to thuoc phan nhom VIIA. 1) Trong phan nhom VIIA, khi i t tren xuong di, ban knh nguyen t tang dan, o am ien giam dan, nang lng ion hoa I1 giam dan. 2) Trong cung mot chu ky, cac nguyen to phan nhom VIIA co o am ien ln nhat. 3) Trong phan nhom VIIA, F la nguyen to co o am ien ln nhat. 4) Trong phan nhom VIIA, ai lc electron cua F manh hn cua Cl. a) 1,2,3,4 b) 1,2,3 c) 1,3 d) 2,4 2.22 Chon ap an ung ve cac nguyen to phan nhom IB: 1) Co so oxy hoa cao nhat la +3. 2) Cau hnh electron hoa tr la (n-1)d10ns1. 3) Chung co nhieu gia tr so oxy hoa. 4) Co so oxy hoa cao nhat la +3 va so oxy hoa am nhat la -7

a)

a) 2,3,4 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1,2,3 2.23 Chon phng an ung: Sap cac ion sau: 3Li+, 11Na+, 17Cl-, 19K+, 35Br-, 53I- theo chieu tang dan ban knh. a) Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cl- < Brc) Li+ < Na+ < Cl- < K+ < Br< I< I+ + b) K < Cl < Br < I < Na < d) Na+ < K+ < Cl- < Br- < I- < Li+ Li+ 2.24 Chon ap an ung. So sanh ban knh nguyen t cua cac nguyen to: 14Si, 17Cl, 20Ca, 37Rb a) rSi < rCl < rCa < rRb d) Khong u d lieu e b) rCl < rSi < rCa < rRb so sanh. c) rRb < rCa < rCl < rSi 2.25 Chon phat bieu sai: a) Ban knh ion luon nho hn ban knh nguyen t. b) Trong chuoi ion ang ien t (co so electron bang nhau), khi so oxi hoa cua ion tang th ban knh ion giam. c) Cac ion cua cac nguyen to nam trong cung mot phan nhom chnh va co cung ien tch co ban knh tang theo chieu tang ien tch hat nhan. d) Trong mot chu ky, khi i t trai sang phai, ban knh cua nguyen to co xu hng giam dan. 2.26 Chon phng an ung: Trong cac nguyen to chu ky III: 11Na, 12Mg, 13Al, 15P, 16S, nang lng ion hoa th nhat I1 cua cac nguyen to tren tuan theo trat t nao sau ay: a) Na < Mg < Al < P < S c) Na < Al < Mg < P < S b) Na < Al < Mg < S < P d) S < P < Al < Mg < Na 2.27 Chon cau ung. Ai lc electron cua nguyen to: a) la nang lng can tieu ton e ket hp them electron vao nguyen t trung hoa. b) tang eu an trong mot chu k t trai qua phai. c) la nang lng phat ra (-) hay thu vao (+) khi ket hp electron vao nguyen t the kh khong b kch thch. d) co tr so bang nang lng ion hoa th nhat ( I1) cua nguyen to o. 2.28 Chon phat bieu ung: Trong bang he thong tuan hoan: 1) So Oxy hoa dng ln nhat cua mi nguyen to bang vi so th t phan nhom cua nguyen to o. 2) So Oxy hoa am nho nhat cua cac nguyen to phan nhom VIIA bang 1. 3) So Oxy hoa dng ln nhat cua cac nguyen to nhom III (A & B) bang +3. 10

a) b)

4) So Oxy hoa am nho nhat cua cac nguyen to phan nhom VA bang 2. a) 2,3 b) 1,2,3 c) 1,2,3,4 d) 2,3,4 2.29 Tnh so oxy hoa va hoa tr (cong hoa tr hoac ien hoa tr) cua cac nguyen to trong K2MnO4 (cho ket qua theo th t tren): a) K : +1, +1 ; Mn: +6, 6 ; O: c) K : +1, 1 ; Mn: +6, 6 ; O: -2, 2 -2, 2 b) K : +1, +1 ; Mn: +5, 5 ; O: d) K : +1, 1 ; Mn: +7, 7 ; O: -2, -2 -2, -2 2.30 Chon cau ung : Chu ky 3 va chu ky 7 co toi a bao nhieu nguyen to CK3: 18; CK7: 32 CK3: 8; CK7: 50 CK3: 8; CK7: 32 CK3: 8; CK7: 18 2.31 Chon trng hp ung: Cho cac nguyen to: 23V, 25Mn, 27Co, 28Ni, 33As, 35Br. Trong chu k 4, nguyen to nao trang thai c ban co 3 electron oc than: a) V, Ni, As c) Mn, Co, As b) V, Co, Br d) V, Co, As 2.32 Chon phat bieu ung: Trong cac nguyen to hoa hoc sau: 4Be, 9F, 11Na, 15P, 17Cl, 22Ti, 24Cr, 25Mn, 58Ce va 60Nd 1) Cac nguyen to s la: Be, Na, Mn 2) Cac nguyen to p la: F, P, Cl, Ce 3) Cac nguyen to ho f la: Ce, Nd 4) Cac nguyen to cung chu ky 3 la: Na, P, Cl 5) Ce va Nd thuoc cung chu ky 6 va phan nhom phu IIIB 6) Cac nguyen to d la: Ti, Mn, Cr va cung thuoc chu ky 4 a) 3,4,5,6 b) 1,2,3,4 c) 2,3,5 d) 1,4,6 2.33 Chon cau ung : Da theo quy tac xay dng bang phan loai tuan hoan hay d oan so nguyen to hoa hoc se co trong chu ky 8 (neu co)
a)

32

b)

18

c)

50

d)

72

Chng 3. LIEN KET HOA HOC LIEN KET CONG HOA TR 3.1 Da vao o am ien ca cac nguyen t: H = 2,1; C = 2,5; N = 3,0; O = 3,5 Trong 4 noi cong hoa tr n sau, noi nao b phan cc nhat? a) O H b) C H c) N H d) C O 3.2 Chon phat bieu sai: 1) o dai lien ket la khoang cach gia hai hat nhan nguyen t lien ket (n v angstrom). 2) Nang lng lien ket la nang lng toa ra khi lien ket tao thanh (n v kJ/mol hay kcal/mol)

11

3) Goc hoa tr la mot ai lng ac trng cho tat ca cac loai phan t. 4) Moi loai lien ket hoa hoc eu co ban chat ien. a) 1,3 b) 3,4 c) 3 d) 2,3,4 3.3 Chon cau sai. Lien ket Cl O trong day cac ion ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-va ClO4- co o dai tng ng: 1,7; 1,64; 1,57 va 1,42. T ay suy ra theo day ion a cho:
a) c)

o ben ion tang dan


b)

Nang lng lien ket tang dan.


d)

Bac lien ket tang dan. 3.4 Trong phat bieu sau, phat bieu nao sai? a) Lien ket cong hoa tr kieu la kieu lien ket cong hoa tr ben nhat. b) Lien ket la lien ket c hnh thanh tren c s s che phu cua cac ocbitan nguyen t nam tren truc noi hai hat nhan. c) Lien ket cong hoa tr c hnh thanh tren hai c che: Cho nhan va ghep oi. d) S nh hng cua lien ket cong hoa tr c quyet nh bi s lai hoa cua nguyen t trung tam tham gia tao lien ket. 3.5 So cong hoa tr toi a mot nguyen to co : Bang so orbitan hoa tr co the lai hoa Bang so orbitan hoa tr cha electron Bang so orbitan hoa tr Bang so electron hoa tr 3.6 Chon phat bieu ung: 1) Lien ket nh cho la lien ket 2 electron hai tam. 2) Lien ket cong hoa tr co tnh co cc hoac khong co cc. 3) Theo phng phap VB, moi electron tao lien ket la cua chung phan t va trang thai cua no c mo ta bang mot ham song goi la ocbitan phan t. 4) Mc o phu cua cac ocbitan nguyen t cang ln, lien ket cong hoa tr cang ben. a) 1, 2, 4 b) 3,4 c) 2,3,4 d) 1,2,3,4 3.7 Chon phat bieu sai ve phng phap VB: 1) Lien ket cong hoa tr ch c hnh thanh bi c che ghep oi. 2) S xen phu cua 2 AO hoa tr d ch co kha nang tao thanh lien ket hoac 3) S xen phu cua 2 AO hoa tr p ch co kha nang tao thanh lien ket hoac

Tnh ben cua cac ion giam dan.

12

4) S xen phu cua 2 AO hoa tr s ch co kha nang tao thanh lien ket a) 3,4 b) 1,2 c) 1,4 d) 2,3 3.8 Chon trng hp ung: Goi truc lien nhan la truc z. Lien ket tao thanh gia cac AO hoa tr cua cac nguyen t tng tac: 4) 3dxy va 3dxy se la 1) 3d z va 3d z se la 5) 3d x y va 3d x y se la 2) 3dxz va 3dxz se la 3) 3dyz va 3dyz se la a) 1 b) 2,3,4 c) 1,5 d) 1,2,3,4,5 3.9 Theo thuyet lai hoa, cac ocbitan tham gia lai hoa can phai co cac ieu kien: 1) Cac ocbitan co hnh dang hoan toan giong nhau. 2) Cac ocbitan co nang lng gan nhau. 3) Cac ocbitan tham gia lai hoa phai thuoc ve cung mot nguyen t. 4) Cac ocbitan tham gia lai hoa phai co mat o electron u ln. a) 2,3,4 b) 1,2,3,4 c) 1,3 d) 1,2 3.10 Chon phat bieu ung : Theo thuyet lai hoa cac orbitan nguyen t ta co: a) S lai hoa thng khong co lien he en hnh hoc phan t. b) Lai hoa sp2 c thc hien do s to hp mot orbitan s va 2 orbitan p (cua cung mot nguyen to) , ket qua xuat hien 3 orbitan lai hoa sp2 phan bo oi xng di mot goc 109,280. c) Lai hoa sp3 c thc hien do s to hp mot orbitan s va 3 orbitan p (cua cung mot nguyen to) , ket qua xuat hien 4 orbitan lai hoa sp3 phan bo oi xng di mot goc 1200. d) Lai hoa sp c thc hien do s to hp mot orbitan s va mot orbitan p (cua cung mot nguyen t), ket qua xuat hien 2 orbitan lai hoa sp phan bo oi xng di mot goc 1800. 3.11 S lai hoa sp3 cua nguyen t trung tam trong day ion: SiO 4 PO 3 SO 2 ClO giam dan do: 4 4 4 4 a) Kch thc cac nguyen t trung tam tham gia lai hoa tang dan. b) Nang lng cac ocbitan nguyen t (AO) tham gia lai hoa tang dan. c) S chenh lech nang lng gia cac phan lp electron 3s va 3p tang dan. d) Mat o electron tren cac ocbitan nguyen t tham gia lai hoa giam dan. 3.12 Nguyen t 51Sb trong phan t SbCl3 trang thai lai hoa: a) sp3 c) sp b) sp2 d) Khong lai hoa. 3.13 Phan t SO2 co goc hoa tr OSO = 11905 co cac ac iem cau tao la:
2 2
2 2 2 2

13

Dang goc, bac lien ket 2, co lien ket 2 tam. Dang goc, bac lien ket 1,33, co lien ket khong nh cho 3 tam. c) Dang goc, bac lien ket 1,5, co lien ket khong nh cho 3 tam. d) Dang tam giac, bac lien ket 1, khong co lien ket . 3.14 Chon cau chnh xac nhat: Trong ion NH + co 4 lien ket cong hoa tr gom: 4 a) Ba lien ket cho nhan va 1 lien ket ghep chung electron. b) Ba lien ket ghep chung electron co cc va mot lien ket cho nhan co cc. c) Ba lien ket ghep chung electron khong cc va mot lien ket cho nhan co cc. d) Bon lien ket ghep chung electron co cc. 3.15 Trong ion ClO , kieu lai hoa cua nguyen t Cl va dang hnh 2 hoc cua ion ClO la: 2 a) sp2 va goc c) sp3d va thang b) sp va thang hang d) sp3 va goc 3.16 Trang thai lai hoa cua cac nguyen t C theo th t t trai qua phai cua phan t CH2 = C = CH CH3 la: a) sp , sp2 , sp2 , sp3 c) sp2 , sp2 , sp2 , sp3 b) sp2 ,sp , sp2 , sp3 d) sp2 , sp , sp2 , sp 3.17 Chon phat bieu ung: Cau hnh khong gian va cc tnh cua cac phan t (6C la nguyen t trung tam) 1) CCl3H t dien, co cc 3) COCl2 tam giac phang, co 2) CF2O thap tam giac, co cc cc 4) COS goc, co cc a) 1,3 b) 2,4 c) 1,2,4 d) 2,3,4 3.18 Sap xep cac hp chat cong hoa tr sau theo chieu tang dan goc lien ket: 1) CH4 2) NH3 3) H2O a) 1, 2, 3 b) 3, 2,1 c) 2,1, 3 d) 3, 1, 2 3.19 So sanh goc lien ket trong cac hp chat cong hoa tr sau: 1) NH3 2) NCl3 3) NF3 a) 3 < 2 < 1 c) 1 < 2 < 3 b) Bang nhau d) Khong so sanh c 3.20 Chon phng an ung: Hp chat nao co momen lng cc ln nhat: a) NF b) CO c) NH d) CH
a) b)
3 2 3 4

3.21 Chon phng an ung: Hp chat nao co momen lng cc bang khong: 1) trans-ClHC=CHCl 3) SO2 2) NaCl 4) CS2 14

a) 1, b) 2, c) 1, d) 1, 4 3 3 3,4 3.22 Chon phat bieu sai ve phng phap MO: a) Cac electron trong phan t chu anh hng cua tat ca cac hat nhan nguyen t trong phan t. b) Viec phan bo cua cac electron trong phan t tuan theo cac quy tac nh trong nguyen t a electron (tr quy tac Cleskovxki). c) MO lien ket co nang lng ln hn AO ban au. d) Ngoai MO lien ket va phan lien ket con co MO khong lien ket. 3.23 Chon phat bieu ung theo phng phap MO: 1) Phng phap Ocbitan phan t cho rang trong phan t khong con ton tai ocbitan nguyen t, thay vao ay la cac ocbitan phan t. 2) Phan t la to hp thong nhat cua cac hat nhan nguyen t va electron, trang thai electron c ac trng bang ham so song phan t. 3) Cac e cua cac nguyen t ch chu lc tac dung cua hat nhan nguyen t o. 4) Cac orbital phan t c tao thanh do s to hp tuyen tnh cac orbital nguyen t, so MO tao thanh bang so AO tham gia to hp. a) 1,2 va b) 2 va 4 d) 1,2 va 3 c) 1 va 2 4 3.24 Chon cau ung. S them electron vao ocbitan phan t phan lien ket dan en he qua: a) Giam o dai va tang nang lng lien ket. b) Tang o dai va giam nang lng lien ket. c) Giam o dai va giam nang lng lien ket. d) Tang o dai va tang nang lng lien ket. 3.25 Cau hnh electron hoa tr cua ion CN- la (z la truc lien ket)

( b) ( ) ( c) ( ) ( d) ( ) (
2 2 2s

a) ( 2s ) * s 2

* 2 2s

2s

* 2 2s

2s

* 2 2s

) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 4 2pz 2px 4 2py 2pz 2 2px 2p y

2px

2pz
4

2pz
1

2px

2py

2pz

1 * 2px

3.26 Cau hnh electron hoa tr cua phan t CO la (x la truc lien ket ) :

( ) ( ) ( ) b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a) ( 2s ) * s 2
2 2 2s 2 2 4 2px 2p y 2pz * 2 2s 2 2 2py 2px 2pz

( ) ( d) ( ) ( ) (
c) ( 2s ) * s 2
2 2 2s 2 * 2 2s

2p y 2py

2pz 2pz

) ( ) ) ( ) ( )
4 2 2px 4 1 2px

1 * 2p y

3.27 Chon cau ung. 1) o dai lien ket trong cac tieu phan H , H2, H + tang dan theo 2 2 + th t H 2 < H2 < H 2 . 15

2) Bac lien ket cua CO ln hn bac lien ket cua O2. 3) Phan t BN co cau hnh electron 2s
2 * 2 2s 2 1 2px 2p y

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2pz

la do

tuan theo nguyen ly vng ben (z la truc lien nhan) 4) Phng phap MO cho rang ch co cac electron hoa tr mi tham gia to hp tuyen tnh e tao thanh cac MO. 1,2,4 1,3,4 1,2,3 2,3 3.28 Chon phat bieu ung: Xet cac phan t va ion sau: O + , O 2 , O , O 2 2 2 2 1) O 2 co tnh nghch t 2 2) o ben lien ket tang dan theo trat t t O + en O 2 2 2 + 2 3) Bac lien ket giam dan theo trat t t O 2 en O 2 4) o dai lien ket cua O 2 la ngan nhat 2 a) 1,3 b) 3 c) 2,4 d) 1,2 3.29 Chon trng hp ung: Da vao cac tnh chat cua lien ket cong hoa tr theo phng phap VB hay d oan phan t khong the ton tai trong so cac phan t sau: SF6, BrF7, IF7, ClF3, OF6, I7F a) BrF7, IF7 c) ClF3, OF6 b) OF6, I7F d) SF6, BrF7 3.30 Chon ap an ung. Cho : 1H, 2He, 4Be, 9F, 14Si, 20Ca. Chon phan t hoac ion khong the ton tai trong so sau: B 6 , S 6 , H + , H , Ca2 eF 4 iF 2 e2 2 2 iF eF 4 a) S 6 , H 2 , Ca2 c) B 6 , Ca2 eF 4 e2 e2 b) H + , Ca2 d) B 6 , H + , Ca2 CAC LIEN KET KHAC 3.31 Cho: 3Li, 4Be, 9F, 11Na, 19K. Hay sap xep cac phan t LiF (1), NaF (2), KF (3), BeF2 (4) theo chieu tang dan tac dung phan cc cua cation. a) 3, 2, 1, 4 b) 4, 2, 3, 1 c) 1, 2, 3, 4 d) 2, 3, 4,1 3.32 Chon ap an ung. Cho : 3Li, 4Be, 5B, 6C, 7N, 8O, 12Mg, 17Cl, 20Ca, 23V. Cac day sap xep theo tnh cong hoa tr giam dan: 1) BeCl2 , MgCl2 , CaCl2 2) V2O5 , VO2 , V2O3 , VO 3) Li2O , B2O3 ,CO2 ,N2O5 a) 3 b) 1 c) 1 & 2 d) 2 &3 3.33 Cho: 23V, 17Cl. Sap xep cac hp chat VCl3, VCl2, VCl4 va VCl5 theo s tang dan tnh cong hoa tr cua lien ket a) VCl5 < VCl4 < VCl3 < VCl2 c) VCl3 < VCl4 < VCl2 < VCl5 b) VCl2 < VCl3 < VCl4 < VCl5 d) VCl4 < VCl2 < VCl3 < VCl5 16

a) b)

3.34 Cho 9F, 11Na, 17Cl, 35Br, 53I. Hay sap xep cac phan t sau ay theo chieu tang dan o b phan cc cua ion am: 1) NaF 2) NaCl 3) NaBr 4) NaI a) NaF , NaCl , NaBr , NaI c) NaI , NaBr , NaCl , NaF b) NaF , NaBr , NaI , NaCl d) NaF , NaCl , NaI , NaBr 3.35 Cho: 5B, 12Mg, 13Al, 17Cl, 19K. Trong cac hp chat sau : AlCl3 , BCl3 , KCl va MgCl2, hp chat nao co tnh cong hoa tr nhieu nhat va hp chat nao co tnh ion nhieu nhat? BCl3; KCl KCl ; BCl3 AlCl3 ; KCl MgCl2 ; AlCl3 3.36 Trong cac lien ket cong hoa tr sau H-F, H-Br, H-I, H-Cl, lien ket t b phan cc nhat la H-F H-Cl H-I H-Br. 3.37 Chon phng an ung: Cho: 12Mg, 17Cl, 20Ca, 26Fe, 80Hg. So sanh o ion cua cac cap hp chat sau: FeCl2 va FeCl3, FeCl2 va MgCl2, CaCl2 va HgCl2 a) FeCl2 < FeCl3, FeCl2 < MgCl2, CaCl2 < HgCl2 b) FeCl2 > FeCl3, FeCl2 < MgCl2, CaCl2 < HgCl2 c) FeCl2 > FeCl3, FeCl2 < MgCl2, CaCl2 >HgCl2 d) FeCl2 < FeCl3, FeCl2 > MgCl2, CaCl2 > HgCl2 3.38 Cho: 5B, 7N, 9F, 20Ca, 53I, 82Pb. Xac nh xem trong cac hp chat sau chat nao la hp chat ion. 1) CaF2 2) PbI2 3)BN a) 1 c) 1,2,3 b) 1,2 d) Khong co hp chat ion 3.39 Lien ket ion co cac ac trng c ban khac vi lien ket cong hoa tr la: 1) Tnh khong bao hoa va tnh nh hng. 2) o phan cc cao hn. 3) Co mat trong a so hp chat hoa hoc. a) 1 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1,2,3 3.40 Chon cau sai trong cac phat bieu sau ve hp chat ion: a) Dan ien trang thai tinh the. b) Dan nhiet kem. c) Nhiet o nong chay cao. d) Phan ly thanh ion khi tan trong nc. 3.41 Chon phat bieu ung: a) Hp chat co cha F, O luon luon cho lien ket hydro b) Hp chat tao c lien ket hydro vi nc luon luon hoa tan vi nc theo bat k t le nao. c) Lien ket hydro ch co khi hp chat the ran. d) Lien ket hydro lien phan t lam tang nhiet o soi cua hp chat. 3.42 trang thai tinh the, hp chat Na2SO4 co nhng loai lien ket nao: a) Lien ket cong hoa tr, lien ket ion & lien ket hydro 17

b) Lien ket ion , lien ket cong hoa tr & lien ket Van Der Waals c) Lien ket ion & lien ket cong hoa tr. d) Lien ket ion. 3.43 Hp cht nao di ay co lien ket cong hoa tr: (1) Cl2 (2) NaCl (3) ICl (4) H2O a) 1, 3, 4 b) 1, 2, 4 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 2, 3, 4 3.44 Chon phng an ung: Lc tng tac gia cac phan t CH3OH manh nhat la: a) Van Der Waals d) Lng cc b) Ion lng cc lng cc c) Lien ket Hydro 3.45 Chon phat bieu ung: 1) Lc tng tac Van der Waals gia cac phan t trung hoa oc giai thch bang ba hieu ng: Hieu ng nh hng, hieu ng cam ng va hieu ng khuech tan. 2) o am ien khong phai la mot hang so nguyen t ma phu thuoc nhieu yeu to nh trang thai hoa tr, so oxy hoa cua nguyen t, thanh phan cua cac hp chat... cho nen, mot cach chat che ta phai noi o am ien cua mot nguyen to trong nhng ieu kien cu the xac nh. 3) Do co lien ket hydro lien phan t nen nc a co cau truc ac biet, tng oi xop nen ty khoi nho. V vay, nc a noi tren nc long. a) 1,2,3 b) 2 c) 1,2 d) 1,3 3.46 Chon phat bieu sai trong cac phat bieu sau: a) Lien ket Van der Waals la lien ket yeu. b) Lien ket cong hoa tr va lien ket ion la cac loai lien ket manh. c) Lien ket hydro noi phan t se lam tang nhiet o soi cua chat long. d) Lien ket kim loai la lien ket khong nh cho. 3.47 Chon phng an ung: Cho A la nguyen to phan nhom IA, B la nguyen to phan nhom + VIIA. Khi nung nong, tinh the ion AB se tao thanh cac ion A ( k ) va B ( k ) . Nang lng mang ion cua AB se cang ln khi: 1) Nang lng ion hoa cua A cang ln. 2) Ai lc electron cua B cang ln. 3) Ban knh cua B- cang ln. 4) o am ien cua A cang ln. 5) o am ien cua B cang ln. a) 1,3,4 b) 1,2,4,5 c) 1,2,3,4,5 d) 2,5 3.48 Chon trng hp ung: So sanh nhiet o nong chay cua H2O va HF: a) Cua H2O cao hn v moi phan t H2O tao c 2 lien ket hydro con moi phan t HF ch tao c 1 lien ket hydro

18

b) Cua H2O thap hn v khoi lng phan t cua H2O(18) nho hn cua HF(20) c) Cua H2O thap hn v moment lng cc cua H2O (1,84D) nho hn cua HF (1,91D) d) Ch co the so sanh khi co so lieu thc nghiem v F va O nam hai phan nhom khac nhau. 3.49 Chon phat bieu ung: CaCl2 va CdCl2 eu la cac hp chat ion. Cac ion Ca2+ va Cd2+ co kch thc xap x nhau. Cho 17Cl, 20Ca, 48Cd. a) Nhiet o nong chay cua hai hp chat xap x nhau v chung c cau tao t cac ion co ien tch va kch thc xap x nhau. b) Nhiet o nong chay cua CaCl2 nho hn cua CdCl2 v CaCl2 nhe hn CdCl2. c) Nhiet o nong chay cua CaCl2 nho hn cua CdCl2 v Ca2+ co kha nang phan cc manh hn Cd2+. d) Nhiet o nong chay cua CaCl2 ln hn cua CdCl2 v CaCl2 co tnh ion ln hn. 3.50 Chon phat bieu ung: Xet cac hp chat dang HX cua cac nguyen to phan nhom VIIA: F, Cl, Br, I. a) HI co nhiet o nong chay cao nhat v co khoi lng phan t ln nhat. b) HF co nhiet o nong chay cao nhat v co lien ket hydrogen lien phan t. c) Chung co nhiet o nong chay xap x nhau v co cau truc phan t tng t nhau. d) Khong so sanh c v o phan cc cua chung khac nhau. 3.51 Cho: 1H, 2He, 6C, 7N, 8O, 16S. Trong cac kh CO2, SO2, NH3 va He, kh kho hoa long nhat la: a) He b) CO c) NH d) SO
2 3 2

3.52 Chon phng an ung: Cho: 1H,2He, 6C, 7N, 8O, 9F, 11Na, 17Cl, 20Ca, 23V, 26Fe 35Br, 37Rb, 53I, 80Hg. Cac day sap xep theo nhiet o nong chay cua cac chat giam dan: 1) NaF > NaCl > NaBr > NaI 3) VCl2 > VCl3 > VCl4 > VCl5 2) CaCl2 > FeCl2 > HgCl2 4) RbF > NH3 > CO2 > He a) 2, b) 1, c) 3 d) 1, 3 4 2,3,4 3.53 Chon phat bieu ung: a) Ch co hp chat ion mi tan trong nc b) Cac hp chat cong hoa tr phan t nho va tao c lien ket hidro vi nc th tan nhieu trong nc c) Cac hp chat cong hoa tr eu khong tan trong nc d) Cac hp chat co nang lng mang tinh the (U) nho, kho tan trong nc

19

3.54 Sap cac chat sau ay: C6H14, CH3-O-CH3 va C2H5OH theo th t o tan trong nc tang dan: a) CH3-O-CH3 < C6H14 < C2H5OH b) C6H14 < C2H5OH < CH3-O-CH3 c) C6H14 < CH3-O-CH3 < C2H5OH d) C2H5OH < CH3-O-CH3 < C6H14

20

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