DTM HNguyen Ban Sau Trinh S A BS

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang
..................................................................................................................................................6
M U....................................................................................................................................7
Chng 1- M T TM TT D N................................................................................10
1.1. TN D N..................................................................................................................10
1.2. CH D N.................................................................................................................10
1.3. V TR D N..............................................................................................................10
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N..........................................................................12
1.4.1. Quy hoch s dng t...............................................................................12

1.4.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng............................................................12
1.4.3. Gii php cc cng trnh xy dng.............................................................14
1.4.4. Cng ngh v thit b.................................................................................16
1.4.5. Nhu cu nguyn, nhin vt liu u vo.....................................................22
1.4.6. Sn phm....................................................................................................23
1.4.7. Nhn lc v t chc nhn s ca Cng ty..................................................24
1.4.8. Tin thc hin d n..............................................................................25
Chng 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI KHU
VC THC HIN D N....................................................................................................26
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG ...................................................................26
2.1.1. V tr d n.................................................................................................26
2.1.2. c im kh tng - thu vn:..................................................................26
2.1.3. c im a hnh, a mo........................................................................28
2.1.4. c im a cht cng trnh v iu kin thu vn ................................28
2.1.5. Ti nguyn t............................................................................................31
2.1.6. H sinh thi khu vc..................................................................................31
2.1.7. Hin trng mi trng khu vc..................................................................32
2.2. IU KIN KINH T - X HI KHU VC NGHIN CU....................................36
2.2.1. iu kin kinh t........................................................................................36

2.2.2. iu kin v x hi....................................................................................36
Chng 3- NH GI TC NG MI TRNG........................................................39
3.1. NH GI V QUY HOCH MT BNG V THIT K KIN TRC CA
NH MY V MT MI TRNG ...............................................................................39
3.2. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG QU TRNH TRIN KHAI D N.......41
3.2.1. Tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng d n...............................41

3.2.2. Cc tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng d n
.............................................................................................................................47
3.2.3. D bo nhng ri ro v s c trong giai on xy dng............................48
n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh
a ch: 275 Lch Tray, Q. Ng Quyn, TP. Hi Phng
in thoi/fax: (031) 3732639; Website: http://www.gtec.vn

3.3. TC NG MI TRNG TRONG QU TRNH D N HOT NG............50
3.3.1. Nhn dng cc ngun thi..........................................................................50

3.3.2. Ngun gy tc ng l cht thi khi d n vo hot ng..........................51
3.3.3. Cc tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi ............................71
3.3.4. D bo nhng ri ro v s c trong qu trnh nh my hot ng.............72
3.4. CC PHNG PHP S DNG TRONG NH GI............................................73
3.5. TNG HP CC NGUN THI CA NH MY CN C KIM SOT,
GIM THIU.......................................................................................................................74
Chng 4- BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU PHNG NGA V NG
PH S C MI TRNG................................................................................................75
4.1. PHNG HNG .....................................................................................................75
4.2. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM MI TRNG....................................75
4.2.1. Bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng.........................................75

4.2.2. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on nh my i vo hot
ng.....................................................................................................................77
Chng 5 CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V ............................................82
MI TRNG.......................................................................................................................82
5.1. NHNG CAM KT CHUNG.......................................................................................82
5.2. NHNG CAM KT C TH......................................................................................82
5.2.1. Trong giai on xy dng c bn...............................................................82

5.2.2. Trong qu trnhh d n hot ng..............................................................83
Chng 6- CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG .................................................84
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG.......................................84
6.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG.......................................84
6.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG................................85
6.2.1. Cc bin php qun l v nng cao nhn thc v mi trng ..................85
6.2.2. Ni dung gim st mi trng....................................................................85
Chng 7- D TON KINH PH CHO QUN L MI TRNG...............................88
Chng 8: THAM VN KIN CNG NG................................................................91
Chng 9 - CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU V PHNG PHP
NH GI..............................................................................................................................92
9.1. CC NGUN TI LIU THAM KHO V S DNG TRONG BO CO.........92
9.1.1. Ti liu tham kho.....................................................................................92

9.1.2 Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n to lp................................................92
9.1.3 Ti liu do Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Xanh (c quan t vn) thc hin:. 93
9.2. CC PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH NH GI TC NG
MI TRNG.....................................................................................................................94
9.2.1. Cc phng php p dng trong nh gi..................................................94

9.2.2. T nhn xt v mc chi tit v tin cy ca cc nh gi...................95
..................................................................................................................................................97
KT LUN KIN NGH..................................................................................................100
1. KT LUN....................................................................................................................100
2. KIN NGH....................................................................................................................100
PH LC...............................................................................................................................101

DANH MC BNG
Bng 1.1: Cc hng mc cng trnh......................................................................................12
Bng 1.2: Thng s cng ngh ca my thiu kt................................................................16
Bng 1.3: Bng cn i nguyn, ph liu sn xut qung thiu kt...................................18
Bng 1.4: Thng s cng ngh l cao.....................................................................................18
Bng 1.5: Bng cn i phi liu v sn lng gang...........................................................19
Bng 1.6: Bng cn i nguyn, nhin liu v sn phm luyn phi thp.........................20
Bng 1.7: Nhu cu nguyn liu ca nh my........................................................................22
Bng 1.8: Nhu cu s dng ph liu ....................................................................................22
Bng 1.9: Nhu cu s dng nhin liu ..................................................................................22
Bng 1.10: Cc loi sn phm ca d n .............................................................................23
Bng 1.11: Tin thc hin d n.......................................................................................25
Bng 2.1: Lng ma trong cc thng v c nm tnh Tuyn Quang...............................27
Bng 2.2: iu kin a cht cng trnh khu vc d n......................................................28
Bng 2.3: Ch tiu c l ca cc lp t................................................................................28
Bng 2.4. Hin trng s dng t ca x i Cn...............................................................31
Bng 2.5: Kt qu phn tch cc mu khng kh ly ti khu vc d n............................32
Bng 2.6: Kt qu phn tch cc mu nc mt khu vc d n.........................................33
Bng 2.7: Kt qu phn tch mi trng nc ngm..........................................................33
Bng 2.8: Kt qu phn tch bn y sng...........................................................................34
Bng 2.9: C cu nng lm nghip v chn nui nm 2007 ca x i Cn.................36
Bng 2.10: C cu lao ng ca X i Cn .......................................................................37
Bang 2.11: Tnh hnh bnh tt ca ngi dn a phng..................................................37
Bng 3.1: Cc ngun gy nhim, loi cht thi v i tng chu tc ng...................41
Bng 3.2: H s thi ca tng cht nhim [9]....................................................................44
Bng 3.3: Nng cc cht nhim trong khu vc d n..................................................45
Bng 3.4: Nng cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot [3]..........................................46
Bng 3.5: Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trong khi xy dng...............................................47
Bng 3.6: Mc n gii hn ca cc thit b thi cng [6].....................................................47
Bng 3.7: Ti lng v nng cc cc cht kh trong khi thi my thiu kt [7]........53
Bng 3.8: Ti lng v nng cc cc cht nhim trong khi thi my thiu kt sau
h thng x l..........................................................................................................................54
Bng 3.9: Cc thng s tnh ton cho pht thi cht nhim t ng khi my thiu kt55
Bng 3.10: Kt qu tnh ton nng pht tn cc cht nhim trong khi thi my
thiu kt theo cc cp n nh ca kh quyn.......................................................................56
Bng 3.11: Ti lng v nng bi v kh thi l cao [7].................................................58

Bng 3.12: Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim sau l gi nng v my pht in [7]
...................................................................................................................................................60
Bng 3.13: Cc thng s tnh ton trong m hnh khuch tn nhim t ng khi l cao
[6]..............................................................................................................................................61
Bng 3.14: Kt qu tnh ton nng cc cht nhim pht sinh t ng khi l
cao
theo cc cp n nh ca kh quyn.......................................................................................61
Bng 3.15: Nng tng cng ca cc cht nhim pht sinh t Nh my.....................62
Bng 3.16: Ti lng v nng ca cc cht nhim trong kh thi [7].............................63
Bng 3.17: Ti lng v nng cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot [3]..................67
Bng 3.18: Tng hp cc cht thi rn cng nghip............................................................68
Bng 3.19: Ti lng nhim ca cc phng tin vn ti trn qu ng trung bnh 30
km [6].......................................................................................................................................69
Bng 3.20: Mc gia tng nhim kh thi ti cc im c khong cch x (2 bn
ng giao thng) trong trng hp nhit khng kh 350C, tc gi 3m/s..............69
Bng 3.21: Ti lng nhim ca cc phng tin vn ti trn qu ng trung bnh
30km [6]...................................................................................................................................70
Bng 3.22: D bo khi lng cht thi nguy hi ca nh my.........................................71
Bng 3.23: Mc n ca mt s ngun nh sau [6]...............................................................71
Bng 6.1. Danh mc cc cng trnh x l mi trng.........................................................84
Bng 6.2: Chng trnh quan trc mi trng...................................................................86
Bng 7.1. D ton kinh ph cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng......................................88
Bng 7.2: D tr kinh ph vn hnh cng trnh x l mi trng.....................................90
Bng 7.3: D ton kinh ph gim st mi trng hng nm...............................................90
Bng 9.1: Cc thit b dng trong o c v phn tch mi trng...................................94
CC CH VIT TT
BOD5: Nhu cu xy ho sinh ho sau 5 ngy

BTNMT: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
COD: Nhu cu xy ho ho hc
CN: Cng nghip
TM: nh gi tc ng mi trng
KCN: Khu cng nghip
KH: Khoa hc
NM: Nh my
Q: Quyt nh
TCCP: Tiu chun cho php

TCVN: Tiu chun Vit Nam
TT: Thng t
TP: Thnh ph
TSS: Tng cht rn l lng
WHO: T chc Y t th gii

M U
XUT X CA D N
Hin nay, theo thng k ca ngnh luyn kim, sn lng thp t cc nh my cn
thp ca Vit Nam mi p ng c khong gn 30% nhu cu ca th trng thp
trong nc. S lng thp phi phi nhp khu mi nm ti hng triu tn. Nhu cu v
phi thp ca Vit Nam trong nhng nm ti s rt ln, tng khong 7 - 7,5% theo
nhp tng trng GDP.
Trong chin lc xy dng v pht trin ton din nn cng nghip n nm
2020, cng nghip khai khong v luyn kim c tnh Tuyn Quang ch trng
khuyn khch v u i cho vic u t mi theo hng hin i ha cc nh my phi
thp, nhm p ng nhu cu v vt liu kim loi ngy cng tng ca th trng.
Trn c s nh gi cc yu t v th trng, cng ngh, k thut, lao ng v kh
nng ti chnh ca Doanh nghip, Cng ty Lin doanh khong nghip Hng Nguyn
tin hnh lp D n u t nh my luyn phi thp Tuyn Quang vi cng sut
100.000 tn phi thp/nm ti khu cng nghip Long Bnh An, x i Cn, huyn Yn
Sn, tnh Tuyn Quang. S vn u t ban u l 15.000.000 USD, gm vn php
nh v vn vay ca Cng ty.
Thc hin cc quy nh v bo v mi trng, ch u t tin hnh lp Bo
co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) ca D n. Bo co c xy dng trn c
s cc vn bn hng dn v Lut bo v mi trng, nhm phn tch nh gi hin
trng mi trng khu vc D n, nh gi cc ngun thi ti mi trng, t a ra
cc gii php gim thiu, phng nga v ng ph cc s c, bo v mi trng. Bo
co TM s l ti liu ch u t nhn thc c cc vn v mi trng lin
quan n D n v ch ng ngun lc thc hin trch nhim ca mnh. Bo co cng
l c s c quan qun l Nh nc v mi trng ca a phng theo di, gim
st, n c ch u t trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca D n.
CN C PHP L V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM
1. Cn c php l
- Lut bo v mi trng 2005;
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit
v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP, ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2008 ca chnh ph v
sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP;

- Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v mi

trng v hng dn nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v
cam kt mi trng;
- Thng t 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti nguyn
v mi trng hng dn v iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp
php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi;
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT, ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti
nguyn v mi trng v vic ban hnh Danh mc cht thi nguy hi;
- H thng tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng;
- Cc vn bn php l khc ca d n.
2. Cn c k thut
- Bo co u t d n xy dng Nh my phi thp Tuyn Quang.
- Cc ti liu chuyn ngnh bo v mi trng ca Vit Nam v Quc t.
T CHC THC HIN LP BO CO TM
Ch D n : Cng ty Lin doanh khong nghip Hng Nguyn
i din: B Dng Thao
Chc v: Ch tch HQT Tng gim c
Tr s chnh: Khu cng nghip Long Bnh An, x i Cn, huyn Yn Sn, tnh
Tuyn Quang
Vn phng giao dch: T 3, x Hng Thnh, th x Tuyn Quang.
in thoi: (027) 812618
Fax: (027) 812608
C quan t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

i din: ng Nguyn Vit i
Chc v: Gim c
a ch: Tng 5 - ta nh Sholega, 275 Lch Tray, Ng Quyn, Hi Phng

in thoi: (031) 3732639
Fax: (031) 3732639
Danh sch nhng ngi thc hin

1. Chu trch nhim chnh : B Dng Thao
C quan cng tc: Cng ty Lin doanh khong nghip Hng Nguyn
Chc v: Ch tch HQT - Tng gim c
2. Ch bin: Tin s: V Th Kim Tuyn
C quan cng tc: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh
Chc v: Ph Gim c

3. Cc thnh vin ca Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh
STT
H tn
Hc v
Nguyn Th Hng Hnh
K s
m Th Thu Dung
K s
Ng Tuyt Mai
K s
Ng Vn Luyn
K s
Bi Quang Thip
K s

Chng 1- M T TM TT D N
1.1. TN D N
D n: Xy dng nh my phi thp Tuyn Quang
Tng vn u t: 15.000.000 USD (252 t ng)
Ngun vn: Vn gp: 5.000.000 USD, vn vay thng mi: 10.000.000 USD.
1.2. CH D N
Cng ty Lin doanh khong nghip Hng Nguyn
1.3. V TR D N
Khu t d n c din tch 202.488m2, nm trong khu cng nghip Long Bnh
An, thuc x i Cn, huyn Yn Sn, tnh Tuyn Quang, cch th x Tuyn Quang
khong 10 km v pha Nam, cch sng L 1km v pha ng, cch quc l 2 khong
4km v pha ng v cch H Ni khong 165 km.
S v tr thc hin d n c th hin trn hnh 1.1

10
Hnh 1.1. S v tr thc hin d n

11
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N
1.4.1. Quy hoch s dng t
Tng din tch khu t l 202.488m2, c phn thnh cc khu chc nng nh
sau:
- Din tch xy dng nh xng sn xut, vn phng iu hnh: 110.000 m2
- Din tch cy xanh v ng giao thng ni b: 92.488 m2
(S quy hoch mt bng nh my th hin trn hnh 1.2)
1.4.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng
Cc hng mc cng trnh c th hin trong bng 1.1
Bng 1.1: Cc hng mc cng trnh
Stt
Hng
mc
trnh
nnh
v my
Hnh
1.2.cng
S
quy hoch mt bng
S lng
Cc cng trnh chnh
Khu chun b nguyn vt liu
m2
15.000
Xng thiu kt
m2
10.000
L cao
m2
21.000
L luyn thp
m2
11.000
Phn xng c phi
m2
13.000
Phn xng c in
m2
2.500
Khu vc tp kt sn phm
m2
30.000
H thng x l nc tun hon
m2
2.000
Khu vc cha cht thi rn
m2
200
10
H thng x l kh thi
H thng
11
H thng cp nc
H thng
12
H thng thot nc
H thng
II
Cc cng trnh ph tr
Nh ho nghim
m2
100
Nh vn phng
m2
2.700
Trm bin p
m2
200
Cc cng trnh ph tr (nh n ca, nh

xe, khu v sinh)
m2
2.300
ng giao thng ni b
m2
50.000
Din tch cy xanh
m2
42.488

12

13
1.4.3. Gii php cc cng trnh xy dng

a) Cc cng trnh chnh
* Khu vc chun b nguyn vt liu:
Kt cu: ct san nn, m cht K95; di cp phi dm loi 2, dy 15cm; cp
phi dm loi 1, dy 15cm; lp giy du; b tng mt bi M300, dy 15cm.
* Khu vc nh xng:
- Kt cu: b tng ct thp, mt tng, mi tn m mu, nn b tng dy t
20 40cm.
* My thiu kt
- Mng: Dng cc nhi tit din trn. ng knh cc l D1500, D1200 hoc
D1000, mi cc t vo lp 5 (c cng chu ti cao). Mng l b tng tng
ng M400.
- 2 My thiu kt: V my c ch to bng thp, pha trong xy lp vt liu
chu la.
- H thng x l lc bi bng thp;
- 2 ng khi xy bng gch, cao 42 m, ng knh ming 2,5m.
* L cao(l luyn gang):
- Mng: Dng cc nhi tit din trn. ng knh cc l D1500, D1200 hoc
D1000 mi cc t vo lp 5. Mng l b tng tng ng M400.
- L cao gm cc hng mc sau:
+ L cao c kt cu v l bng thp v khung b tng ct thp, lp trong l
vt liu chu la;
+ L gi nng caop gm 3 l, v l kt cu bng btng ct thp;
bn trong l vt liu chu la.
+ H thng lc bi bng thp;
+ H thng trc liu bng thp;
+ H thng cp gi bng thp;
+ ng khi xy bng gch cao 46 m, ng knh ming 2,5m.
* L luyn thp:
L luyn thp l loi l thi xy, cng sut 25 tn/m. Din tch xy dng l l
11.000 m2, gm cc hng mc sau:
+ L luyn thp kt cu v ngoi bng thp, lp bn trong bng vt liu
chu la;
14
+ Trm xy kt cu b tng ct thp;

+ H thng lc bi bng thp;
* Khu vc tp kt sn phm
- Kt cu: Lp ct san nn, m cht K95; cp phi dm loi 2, dy 15cm, cp
phi dm loi 1, dy 15cm; lp giy du; b tng mt bi M300, dy 25cm.
* H thng cp in
- Trm cao p 35KV/10KV cng sut 2.500 KVA v u ni vi mng in li
Quc gia qua ng dy 35KV i qua khu cng nghip.
- Trm h p 10KV/380V, cng sut 1.500 KVA h th t trm cao p.
* H thng cp nc
Nhu cu cp nc cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my khong 500m3/h, ngun
nc th c ly t sng L.
H thng cp nc ca nh my c xy dng nh sau:
- Thp nc cao 15m, dung tch 30m3 c p lc n nh cp nc cho cc
im sn xut v sinh hot trong nh my.
- B ngm c dung tch 1.000 m3 d tr nc v phc v cha chy.
* H thng thot nc
H thng thot nc ma, gm:
- ng cng trc: ng knh 1.000 mm c u ni vo h thng thot chung
ca khu cng nghip ti cng ra ca nh my.
- Cng nhnh: ng knh t 400 600mm, c thit k vi ch t chy vi
cc h ga thu cn v rc.
- dc thot nc ca ng v sn cng nghip l 1%o- 2%o, ca cng thot
nc l 3%o.
* Cc cng trnh x l nc
- H thng b x l tun hon nc lm mt thit b cng sut 10.000m3/ngy.
- H thng lm mm nc, cng sut 500m3/ngy.
* Khu vc cha cht thi rn
Khu vc cha cht thi rn c kt cu sn b tng chng thm, khung chu lc, c
mi che.
b) Cc cng trnh ph tr
* Nh vn phng
Cng trnh c xy dng theo ng tiu chun kin trc hai tng, xung quanh
c khun vin cy xanh.
15
* Cc cng trnh ph tr
Cc cng trnh ph tr (nh bo v, nh n, nh ho nghim, nh xe, trm
bin p...) c xy dng mt tng, nn b tng ct thp, mi sn m mu.
* H thng cy xanh:
Cy xanh c trng trn h ng ni b, xung quanh phn xng v tng ro
nh my.
* ng giao thng
H thng ng giao thng trong nh my gm hai loi ng:
- ng trc chnh rng 12 m bao quanh nh my, di 1.500m;
- Cc ng nhnh rng t 6 10 m, tng chiu di 755 m.
H thng ng c b tr hp l, tri nha asphan, m bo vic i li v vn
chuyn hng ha.
1.4.4. Cng ngh v thit b
1.4.4.1. Cng ngh
a) Cng on thiu kt qung st
Cng on thiu kt qung st c thc hin trn 2 my thiu kt bng ti kiu
ht, cng sut 50 vn tn/nm.
Nguyn liu thiu kt (gm qung st, than cc, vi, lmit) c nghin
nh n kch thc ht cn thit, sau c trn u vi nc theo t l nht nh,
ri qua my ri liu a vo l thiu kt. Chiu dy lp liu khong 600 mm. Nhit
trong l thiu kt khong 1.150 1.2500C. Qung sau thiu kt c lm mt trc tip
bng nc v chuyn sang cng on p, sng phn loi, ri chuyn vo
kho
cha.
Bn cht ca qu trnh thiu kt qung l qu trnh hon nguyn mt phn xit
st v dng st ha tr thp hn v st kim loi. T l st c hon nguyn t 10
15%.
Bng 1.2: Thng s cng ngh ca my thiu kt
i lng
H s C chy khng hon ton v c hc
H s C chy khng hon ton v ha hc
H s C tham gia phn ng hon nguyn st
T l st hon nguyn trong qung thiu kt
T l tiu th nhin liu kh/than
H s cp d khng kh
H s kh S bng cht tr dung
K hiu
n1 =
n2 =
n3 =
n5 =
K/T =
b=
n4 =

Gi tr
0,01
0,007
0,2
0,15
4,43
1,3
0,85
n v
m3/kg
16
Tr dung: vi, lomit; than cm
Qung sng
Bi
Lc
ti vi
Bi
My p
nh lng
Nc sch
My p
Bi
nh lng
Bi
Lc
ti vi
Mi
trng
My trn, vin
Mi
trng
My ri liu
- Kh than,
- Khng kh
Nc lm
mt my
Khi l, bi
My
thiu
kt
Xiclon chm
ng khi
Bng ti vy c
My p
Mi trng
Xiclon chm
Bi ca ra SP
Bung lng bi
Nc lm
mt qung
Bung lng bi
My sng
Kho thnh phm
Lc ti vi
Bi, n
Hnh 1.3: S cng ngh thiu kt qung v cc ngun thi chnh

17
Bng 1.3: Bng cn i nguyn, ph liu sn xut qung thiu kt

nh mc
Tn nguyn, nhin liu
C ht
tn (m3)/ tn qung sng
Qung st
< 10 mm
1,0
vi:
< 5 mm
0,0825
lomt:
< 5 mm
0,0550
Than cm (Hn Gai):
< 10 mm
0,115
< 25 mg bi/m3
510
Kh than (ly t l cao):

Nc trn liu to ht
0,1
p- l thnh phn ca cht (hp cht) c trong nguyn, nhin liu khi s dng.
b) Cng on luyn gang l cao

Cng on luyn gang c thc hin bng 2 l cao 159m3. Cng sut trung bnh
mi l l 2 tn gang/m3/ngy, tng ng vi 636 tn gang/ngy (232.140 tn
gang/nm). Mi l hot ng lin tc t 10 n 15 nm.
Cng ngh luyn gang: qung thiu kt, vi, lmt v than cc c phi
trn v dng bng ti vn chuyn vo l qua c l. Khng kh nng 1.000 1.250 0C
(t l cao tun hon) c thi vo l ng thi vi kh thin nhin (cp oxi) qua h
thng mt gi. Cc nhin liu ny cng than cc chy ni l to thnh cc cht kh
chuyn ng ln pha trn lp phi liu tin hnh phn ng hon nguyn st,
mangan v mt s cc nguyn t khc. Qu trnh hon nguyn st c thc hin bng
hai cch: hon nguyn trc tip (cacbon rn) v hon nguyn gin tip (CO, H 2).
Trong khong nhit 8500C 1.1500C, qu trnh hon nguyn trc tip t 20
30%, hon nguyn gin tip t 70 80%.
Sn phm gm c gang lng, x v kh l cao. Gang lng qua l gang vo gu
cha chuyn sang cng on luyn thp. X l s theo l x vo khu vc lm ngui,
ri chuyn sang bi cha x. Kh l thot ra s c dn v h thng lc bi, sau
qua l gi nng ri cp li cho l cao.
Bng 1.4: Thng s cng ngh l cao
i lng
H s C chy khng hon ton v c hc
H s C chy khng hon ton v ha hc
H s phn ng kh ha than thnh CH4
H s phn ng kh ha than thnh H2
H s kh S bng cht tr dung
K hiu
n1
n2
n3
n5
n6
Gi tr
0,1
0,745
0,2
0,15
0,40
18
Qung st
Than cc
Tr dung
Bi
Phi liu
Bi l cao
X l
Bi x
L
cao
159
m3
Nc lm mt
Khi l
HT x l bi
Kh
than
Kh than
Khng kh
L gi nng
Gang lng
Kh thi
Bi, SO2, NOx,
CO2, CO, Hi
ng
khi
My c gang
Nc
lm
mt
My
thiu
kt
nc
L thi xi
Gang thi
Hnh 1.4: S quy trnh cng ngh l cao v cc ngun thi

Bng 1.5: Bng cn i phi liu v sn lng gang
Tn nguyn, nhin liu
C ht
nh mc (tn/ tn SP)
< 50 mm
2,045
vi:
< 30 mm
0,0450
lmt:
< 30 mm
0,0235
Than cc:
< 30 mm
0,694
Qung thiu kt
- Fep tng > 54 %
- Al2O3p + SiO2p < 6%
- m t nhin (w) < 3%

19
c) Cng on c gang
Gang lng ra khi l cao c bo n. Mt phn (252,1 tn) c chuyn trc
tip n l thi xy luyn thp. Phn cn li 383,9 tn/ngy c c thnh
gang thi.
c gang thi: Gang lng c rt vo khun v h nhit trc tip bng nc
kt tinh. Sau gang c tho khi khun v tip tc lm ngui bng nc ri
a v kho cha
Nc lm mt khun c v gang c x l lng cn, lc du v s dng
tun hon.
d) Cng on luyn thp
Cng on luyn thp c thc hin bng cng ngh l thi xi, cng sut 25
tn/m. Nguyn liu c a vo l theo th t: thp vn v cht tr dung, gang
lng, ri cp oxi vo l qua ng phun. Thi gian thi oxi t 15 25 pht. Nhit
trong l l 1750oC. xi i t nh l xung to thnh lung phun xuyn su vo gang
lng, lm gim hm lng C v Si trong gang to thnh thp. Ti b mt tip xc
gia dng xy v kim loi xy ra phn ng xi ho cc tp cht Fe, C, Si, Mn, P, S to
thnh x .
Bng 1.6: Bng cn i nguyn, nhin liu v sn phm luyn phi thp
Tn nguyn, nhin liu
Tiu chun
nh mc (tn/ tn thp)
Gang lng
T >12800C
0,92
St vn
L < 1m
0,2
< 10mm
0,1
Fero Mn, Fero Si

vi
Oxi k thut 95%,

0,083
20
Gang lng 80%, st vn 20%
Nc lm
mt thn l
L thi oxy
25 m3
Oxi 98%
X l
Thp lng
Bi x
Nc lm
mt x
- Kh thi,
- Bi,
- Nhit
Gu cha
Nc lm
mt khun
My c
Nc lm
mt phi
Lm ngui
- Hi nc,
- Nhit
- Hi nc,
- Nhit
Phi thp
Hnh 1.5: S quy trnh sn xut thp bng l thi xi
e) Cng on c phi thp
Qu trnh c phi thp c thc hin l lin tc trn my c 3 dng. Thp
lng c c rt vo mng hp (khun) v bt u qu trnh kt tinh ng thi vi
qu trnh h nhit ca thp bng h thng nc lm mt trc tip. Qu trnh c
din ra lin tc v lin hon vi b phn nn phi v ct phi bng n kh xi. Thp
sau khi ra khi khun c c nh hnh c nhit khong trn 1.0000C v tip
tc c lm ngui trn sn c bng nc phun trc tip ri c chuyn v kho.
Nc lm mt khun c v phi thp c x l lng cn, lc du v s dng
tun hon.

21
1.4.4.2. Thit b
H thng thit b ca Nh my c th hin ph lc 5
1.4.5. Nhu cu nguyn, nhin vt liu u vo
1.4.5.1. Nhu cu v nguyn liu
Nhu cu nguyn liu ca Nh my c th hin trn bng 1.7.
Bng 1.7: Nhu cu nguyn liu ca nh my
STT
1
Nguyn liu
Qung st
n v
S lng
tn/nm
450.000
tn/nm
57.560
Cht tr dung:
2
- vi
30.186
- olomit
3
St vn
tn/nm
20.000
xy k thut 95%
m3/nm
5.800
Hunh thch
tn/nm
1.000
n v
S lng
Bng 1.8: Nhu cu s dng ph liu

STT
Nguyn liu
Que t Oxy D10
tn/nm
10
Que t thng l D16
tn/nm
30
Mt gi
ci/nm
40
Gch chu la
tn/nm
600
Fero Mn, Fero Si, nhm
tn/nm
1.000
n v
S lng
Bng 1.9: Nhu cu s dng nhin liu

STT
Nhin liu
Than cc
tn/nm
161.111
Than cm Hn Gai
tn/nm
51.757
Du Diezen chy my pht in d phng
tn/nm
56.400
1.4.5.2. Ngun cung cp nguyn liu

Ngun cung cp qung cho sn xut ca nh my ch yu l thu mua ti Tuyn
Quang v cc tnh ln cn (Thi Nguyn, Bc Cn, Cao Bng, Lo Cai...) v nhp

22
khu. Than cm, than cc, cht tr dung, xy, gch chu la v cc nguyn ph liu
khc mua ti th trng trong nc hoc nhp khu.
Yu cu v thnh phn ha hc ca mt s nguyn, nhin liu chnh:
Qung st: (loi trung bnh)
- Fep tng > 60%; Al2O3p + SiO2p < 6%; m t nhin (w) < 10%; Sp < 0,04%;
tp cht khc < 2%
vi: CaCO3p > 98,0%
lmt: MgCO3p > 39,5%; CaCO3p2 > 50,0%
Than cm (Hn Gai): Ap = 12% ; Wp = 4%; Sp2 =0,6% ; Np =0,4%; Hp = 1,3%;
Op = 2,1%; Cp = 81,6%;
Than cc: Ap =12%; Wp= 4%; Sp =0,4%; Np =0,1%; Hp = 0,2%; Op = 0,3 %; Cp
= 83%;
1.4.6. Sn phm
Bng 1.10: Cc loi sn phm ca d n
STT
1
Sn phm
Gang thi: C 4%; Si 2,5 %; P0,3%; S
0,05, Mn 1%
n v
S lng
tn/nm
140.140
tn/nm
100.000
Phi thp: C 0.35 %; Si0.3%; Mn0.5;

2
P0.05; S0.04
- Kch thc 120 x 120mm, di 12m

23
1.4.7. Nhn lc v t chc nhn s ca Cng ty

D kin tng s lao ng ca nh my l 620 ngi bao gm c lnh o v
ngi nc ngoi.
S t chc lao ng ca Cng ty nh sau:
Tng Gim c
Ph Tng Gim c
Phng t chc
hnh chnh
Xng thiu kt
Phng k ton
Xng luyn
gang
Ph Tng Gim c
Phng k hoch
Xng luyn
thp
Phng k thut
Xng c in
Hnh 1.6. S t chc lao ng

24
1.4.8. Tin thc hin d n

Tin thc hin d n c th hin trn bng 1.11.
Bng 1.11: Tin thc hin d n
St
t
Cng vic
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12

Nm 2008
1
2
3
4
Hon thnh th tc
u t
Khoan a cht
cng trnh
Gii phng, san i
mt bng
Xy dng h thng
thiu kt
Nm 2009
1
2
3
Xy dng h thng
l cao
Xy dng cc cng
trnh ph tr
Hp ng mua thit
b
Nm 2010
1
2
3
4
Lp t thit b my
mc
Tuyn dng nhn
vin
Hiu chnh sn xut
th
Sn xut chnh
thc

25
Chng 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI KHU

VC THC HIN D N
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG

2.1.1. V tr d n
Khu t d n nm pha Bc trong khu cng nghip Long Bnh An, c to
21 45 v Bc, n 105o14 n 105o17 kinh ng, nguyn l t trng ch ca x
i Cn, huyn Yn Sn, tnh Tuyn Quang, cch th x Tuyn Quang khong 10km
v pha Nam.
o
Ranh gii tip gip ca khu t d n nh sau:

- Pha ng, Bc gip khu t C6 v di cy xanh phn cch khu cng nghip
Long Bnh An 2 v t canh tc lm nghip ca x i Cn.
- Pha Ty gip khu t E, B13, C4 ca khu cng nghip Long Bnh An 2.
- Pha Nam gip khu A2, A3, E2 khu cng nghip Long Bnh An 2
- Pha Bc gip gii cy xanh phn cch ca khu cng nghip.
(S v tr d n c th hin trn hnh 1.1)
Nhng thun li v v tr:
- Khu t D n nm gn ng 186 ni cc QL 2 v QL 37 l cc con ng
lu thng vi cc tnh pha Bc, cch bn sng L (khu vc cu An Ho) 2,5 km,
thun tin cho vic vn chuyn nguyn, nhin liu v hng ho bng ng thu v
ng b.
- Do nm trong khu CN nn cc iu kin v c s h tng s rt thun li cho
cc hot ng ca d n.
- Khu dn c gn nht cch a im ca d n > 500 m, m bo yu cu v
khong cch t khu cng nghip ti khu dn c, thun li cho cng tc gii phng mt
bng.
- Trong v xung quanh khu vc d n khng c cc khu vc qun s, cc di tch
lch s, cc cng trnh vn ho, cc khu vc sinh thi cn c bo tn.
2.1.2. c im kh tng - thu vn:
Theo nin gim thng k ca tnh Tuyn Quang nm 2006 (ti trm Tuyn
Quang), iu kin kh hu khu vc c nhng c im sau:
Tnh Tuyn Quang nm trong khu vc kh hu nhit i gi ma. C hai ma
chnh trong nm: ma ma t thng 5 n thng 10, kh hu nng m, ma nhiu;
ma kh t thng 12 n thng 3 nm sau, kh hu lnh, rt t ma.
26
- Nhit trung bnh c nm l 240C. Nhit trung bnh thng cao nht t
29,2oC (thng 6,7), thng thp nht 17,1oC (thng 12); ma ng thng c sng m
v bui sm.
- m tng i trung bnh c nm l trn 83%. m trung bnh thng cao
nht t 89 % (thng 8), trung bnh thng thp nht 78 % (thng 1).
- Hng gi chnh ca ma ma l gi ng Nam v ma kh l gi ng Bc.
Vn tc gi trung bnh t 2 - 3 m/s.
- S gi nng trong c nm l 1.425 gi/nm, tp trung vo ma ma vi s gi
nng ti 170 274 gi/thng.
- Lng ma trung bnh hng nm t 1.500 1.800 m (bng 2.1), tp trung vo
ma ma (chim 85% lng ma c nm), c bit l cc thng 6, 7 v thng 8, c th
c gi lc, ma , st v gy ra l qut, .... gy thit hi v ngi, la, hoa mu v ti
sn ca nhn dn a phng.
Bng 2.1: Lng ma trong cc thng v c nm tnh Tuyn Quang
n v: (mm)
Nm
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
Thng 1
10,9
39,6
22,9
19,8
1,0
Thng 2
37,2
90,1
10,6
18,1
14,5
Thng 3
105,8
14,0
41,5
82,0
12,8
Thng 4
74,0
71,4
244,0
120,5
64,9
Thng 5
191,6
251,1
299,0
110,8
262,0
Thng 6
276,0
299,2
145,4
281,5
114,5
Thng 7
567,6
245,3
333,3
182,2
458,3
Thng 8
265,8
236,4
159,6
337,9
458,0
Thng 9
117,4
164,4
48,0
171,7
94,0
Thng 10
33,92
27,4
9,0
11,3
57,3
Thng 11
14,5
1,9
41,7
44,4
50,4
Thng 12
7,2
4,3
3,3
38,5
6,5
2007,2
1535,1
1358,0
1418,7
1594,2
Thng
Cng c nm
- Dng v sm st: Hng nm, Tuyn Quang trung bnh c khong 55 65 ngy
c dng. Dng ln thng km theo ma ln v gi mnh v c th xy ra cc s c
do st, hin tng xi mn, trt l t trn quy m ln.
- Lc (gi xoy) thng xy ra vo thng 4 v thng 5 hng nm. Gi xoy v
ma ln c th gy l t ngt vi cng ln.
27
- Sng m thng xut hin vo cc thng 11v thng 12. Trung bnh hng nm
c khong 25 55 ngy c sng m, khu vc pha Bc c khong 30 - 60
ngy/nm.
- Sng mui xut hin t hn. Trung bnh khong 2 nm c 1 ngy c sng
mui v thng xy ra vo thng 11 hoc thng 1.
2.1.3. c im a hnh, a mo
a hnh khu vc d n l khu i thp dng bt p, c ct cao ln nht l
49 m, thp nht l 26 m, c thnh to bi cc trm tch lc nguyn b phong ha,
bc mn v tch t vi cc trm tch eluvi, deluvi, b phn ct bi h thng sng v
sui trong khu vc.
2.1.4. c im a cht cng trnh v iu kin thu vn
2.1.4.1. a cht cng trnh
Nh my s c xy dng trn nn t phong ho ca vng i. Kt qu khoan
a cht cng trnh khu vc d n cho thy cc lp t chnh t trn xung di nh
sau (bng 2.2):
Bng 2.2: iu kin a cht cng trnh khu vc d n
Stt
S hiu lp
Chiu su (m)
M t
t trng trt, mu xm vng, nu ,
1
Lp 1
0,5 9 m
thnh phn ch yu l st pha c ln si
sn, kt cu ri rc, xp, l rng ln
St pha c ln nhiu si sn, mu loang
l xm vng, nu , trng, c ngun
2
Lp 2
4,0 20,0 m
gc eluvi, trng thi do cng n na
cng.
- Cc ch tiu c l ca cc lp t c th hin trn bng 2.3
Bng 2.3: Ch tiu c l ca cc lp t
Stt
i lng
K hiu
n v
Gi tr
Lp 1
Lp 2
m t nhin
29,16
27,36
Dung trng t nhin
g/cm3
1,925
1,95
Dung trng kh
g/cm3
1,49
1,53
T trng
g/cm3
2,69
2,7
H s rng
0,805
0,75
l rng
44,55
43,13
bo ho
97,55
96,4

28
Gii hn chy
Wch
36,85
36,93
Gii hn do
Wd
22,95
22,86
10
Ch s do
Id
13,95
14,03
11
st
0,465
0,316
12
Lc dnh kt
kg/cm2
0,195
0,23
13
Gc ni ma st
17055
20058
14
H s nn ln
a1-2
0.034
0,029
15
M un tng bin
dng
kg/cm2
28,46
34,25
16
p lc tnh ton quy

c
R0
kg/cm2
1,64
1,95
17
Th nghim xuyn
tiu chun
N30
ba
14
26
Cng trnh nm trn nn t tng i ng nht. Lp 1 c sc chu ti khng

cao nn d gy hin tng ln, lch mng cng trnh. Lp th hai c cng chu ti
trung bnh, b dy lp ln nn c iu kin t mng cng trnh. Nh vy, c th
xy dng cc cng trnh nh xng vi kt cu mng nh trnh by chng 1 l
m bo n nh.
ng t: Theo quy chun xy dng Vit Nam (quyt nh 439/BXD-CSXD ngy
25/9/1997 ca B trng B Xy dng), khu cng nghip Long Bnh An nm trong
vng chn ng cp 6 (MSK) vi tn sut lp li B1 0,002 (T1 500 nm), p lc
gi Wo = 65 daN/m2.
Kt cu mng v cc cng trnh xy dng tnh n cc thng s v ng t
ca khu vc.
2.1.4.2. iu kin thy vn
a, Ngun nc mt
Mng li nc mt khu vc gm c sng L chy qua pha ng d n, cch
d n 1 km v sui K Lm chy trong khu vc d n.
Sng L bt ngun t tnh Vn Nam (Trung Quc) chy qua H Giang, Tuyn
Quang, chy qua Ph Th, Vnh Phc v nhp vo sng Hng Vit Tr. on sng
L chy qua tnh Tuyn Quang di 145 km. Lu lng nc sng ln nht (ma ma)
l 11.700 m3/s v lu lng nh nht l 128 m3/s. Trong khu vc, c nhiu sui nh
phn b qua cc di i ni chy vo sng L. V ma ma, nc sng thng dng
cao, gy ngp khu vc hai bn b, nhiu nm gy ngp c khu vc th x Tuyn
Quang. Mc nc trung bnh ln nht vo ma l thng t mc +26 m n
+27,5m. nh l cao nht (nm 1971) mc + 30 m.
29
Sui K Lm chy qua khu vc d n cc pha Ty Nam, Ty Bc v ng ri

chy vo sng L. on sui chy qua d n c chiu rng t 3 n 5 m. Lu lng
nc ln nht khong 20 m3/s; nh nht khong 2 m3/s (ma kh). Sui K Lm s l
ngun cp nc cho sn xut v tip nhn nc thi ca khu cng nghip.
b, Nc di t
Nc di t ch yu tn ti di hai dng l nc l hng v nc khe nt.
* Nc l hng c cha trong cc trm tch t (Pleistocen gia trn QII-III
v Holoxen QIV), l cc sn phm bi tch ca sng sui, phn b dc theo cc sng
sui trong vng. Thnh phn thch hc ca t cha nc gm: dm, sn, ct, st,
Trong cc gii trm tch t ln thuc bi tch sng L, nc l hng cha trong
tng ct cui si, chiu dy lp cui si n 30m; chiu dy cha nc t 5 28 m,
mc nc tnh cch mt t 1,7 m. Lu lng l khoan t 2 3l/s n 20 30 l/s.
Nc thuc loi nc nht, khong ho t 0,1 0,5g/l. Nc di t c cung
cp bi nc ma v nc t cc tng gc xung quanh khu vc.
Bin dao ng mc nc di t gia cc ma t 1 n 5 m. Ma ma nc
thng b c do nh hng ca nc mt.
Hin ti, khu dn c xung quanh u s dng nc ngm lm nc sinh hot
(ging khoan, ging o) .
* Nc khe nt
Cc thnh to cha nc khe nt chim trn 95% din tch tnh. Thnh phn
thch hc bao gm ch yu l trm tch lc nguyn b nt n, bin cht nhng mc
khc nhau. Hu ht l phin xerixit, clorit, ct kt dng Quczit, ct kt, ct
bt kt.
Cc tng cha nc khe nt c phn chia theo mc giu nc, gm: tng
giu nc, tng cha nc trung bnh v tng ngho nc
- Tng giu nc chim phn ln din tch trong tnh, phn b t Na Hang,
Chim Ho, ni Lin v pha nam th x Tuyn Quang. Thnh phn thch hc gm
trm tch lc nguyn ht mn xen vi, b phng ho nt n. vng th x Tuyn
Quang, tng nc ny b ph bi trm tch t din l khng ln. Mc nt n,
cact pht trin theo chiu su t 19 24 m n 71 72 m. Mc nc tnh l 1 3 m,
lu lng cc l khoan t 0,2 n 16 l/s, t lu lng c th t n 7,691 l/sm.
- Tng cha nc trung bnh thuc h tng i Th. Thnh phn gm phin
st xen ct kt dng quczit. Chiu su mc nc tu thuc vo a hnh, mc nc
tnh t 0,7 6,6m bin ng mnh theo ma. Lu lng cc l khoan thay i t 0,2
n 15 lt/s, t lu lng t 0,02 n 5,74 lt/sm, trung bnh 0,97 lt/sm.

30
- Tng nc ngho chim din tch nh hp v ri rc nhiu ni. Thnh phn

gm cc trm tch lc nguyn ht mn: st kt, bt kt, phin, cc trm tch phun
tro, cc trm tch ht th nh sn kt, cc kt tui neogen (N 1 nd) hoc triats (T3 n r
l ), cu to cht xt.
2.1.5. Ti nguyn t
Tng din tch t ca x i Cn l 2.580 ha, trong phn ln l t canh tc
nng lm nghip, t s dng cho sn xut v kinh doanh, phn cn li l t v t
cha s dng. Hin trng s dng t ca x i Cn nh sau (bng 2.4):
Bng 2.4. Hin trng s dng t ca x i Cn
TT
Hin trng s dng t
S lng
t canh tc nng lm nghip
2.204,78 ha
t sn xut v kinh doanh
46,9 ha
t cha s dng
88,9 ha
239,42 ha
2.1.6. H sinh thi khu vc

H sinh thi trn cn
- H ng vt cn khu vc kh ngho nn. ng vt hoang d ch gm: mt s
loi chim, b st (rn, k nhng... ), lng c (ch, nhi, cc), ng vt c v (chut,
co, chn...) v cc loi cn trng. Trong cc h gia nh c cc loi vt nui th nh:
ln, tru b, ch, mo, g, vt...
- H thc vt nng nghip ch yu l cy ch v mt s din tch trng la, ng,
khoai, sn khu a hnh thp xen gia cc ngn i; cc loi cy n qu c trng
trong vn ca cc h gia nh nh bi, cam, chui, na, mt,... v mt s cy c bng
mt nh: bng lng, xoan, si,
H sinh thi nc
ng vt di nc trong khu vc bao gm cc loi thu sn nui th trong cc
ao, h nh cc loi c nc ngt (trm, m, chp, ), cc loi thy sinh t nhin trong
sng L, sui, vng hoc mng nh cc loi c (trm, tri, chp, r), tm, cua,
c...; cc loi nhuyn th (trai, hn), ng vt ph du, cc loi thc vt di nc
thng thng nh rong, ru, to,....
Trong khu vc d n, h ng thc vt u thuc cc loi thng thng, s lng
t; khng cn cc loi qu him.

31
2.1.7. Hin trng mi trng khu vc

nh gi hin trng mi trng khu vc thc hin d n, Cng ty TNHH
Cng ngh xanh tin hnh kho st, o c, ly mu phn tch mi trng ti khu
vc d n vo ngy 21/05/2008. Cc ch tiu phn tch c chn trn c s nghin
cu c im ca cng nghip luyn kim v c trng ca cc ngun thi. Vic o c
v phn tch cc ch tiu v mi trng do Trung tm quan trc mi trng bin thc
hin. Kt qu nh sau:
a, Mi trng khng kh
Bng 2.5: Kt qu phn tch cc mu khng kh ly ti khu vc d n
iu kin kh hu: tri nng nht, nhit 300C, gi 1,2 m/s, hng ng Bc
TT
Thng s
n v
S hiu mu
TCVN
KK1
KK2
KK3
KK4
KK5
5937-2005
1,02
1,2
30
CO
mg/m3
1,12
1,17
1,25
NO2
mg/m3
0,016
0,02
0,025 0,021 0,018
0,2
SO2
mg/m3
0,024 0,030
0,037 0,033 0,032
0,35
Hydrocacbon
mg/m3
Hm lng bi
mg/m3
dBA
0,23
5*
0,013 0,038
0,048 0,014 0,017
0,3
48,8
60,5
75**
62,0
61,2
57,4
Ghi ch s hiu mu:

- KK1: Trung tm khu t d n
- KK2: Khu dn c cch d n 500 m v pha ng
- KK3: ng giao thng ni QL 2 v QL 37
- KK4: Khu dn c cch khu cng nghip khong 1 km v pha Ty Bc
- KK5: Khu dn c cch khu cng nghip khong 1 km v pha Ty Nam
- Tiu chun so snh:TCVN 5937 2005 Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun cht lng khng
kh xung quanh
- * TCVN 5938 2005: Cht lng khng kh Nng ti a cho php ca mt s cht c
hi trong khng kh xung quanh.
- ** TCVN 5949 1998:Tiu chun m hc ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c Mc n
ti a cho php
Kt qu phn tch cho thy, nng cc cht nhim u c gi tr thp hn tiu

chun cho php i vi mi trng khu vc xung quanh.

32
b, Mi trng nc mt
Bng 2.6: Kt qu phn tch cc mu nc mt khu vc d n
TCVN
TCVN
S hiu mu
TT
Thng s
n v
5942 1995 5942 1995
NM1
NM2
(ct A)
(ct B)
1 pH
7,34
7,95
6 n 8,5
5,5 n 9
2
TSS
mg/l
30
16
20
80
BOD5
mg/l
<4
< 25
COD
mg/l
13,1
9,7
< 10
< 35
Cu
mg/l
0,007
0,008
0,1
Pb
mg/l
0,004
0,002
0,05
0,1
Zn
mg/l
0,015
0,017
Fe
mg/l
0,021
0,024
Hm lng
du m
mg/l
0,1
0,2
0,3
10
Coliform
MNP/100
ml
950
2.400
5000
10.000
Ghi ch s hiu mu:

+ NM1: Nc sui K Lm chy qua pha Ty v pha Bc khu vc d n
+ NM2: Nc sng L chy qua pha ng khu vc d n
- Tiu chun so snh TCVN 5942 1995: Cht lng nc Tiu chun cht lng nc mt
c, Nc ngm
Bng 2.7: Kt qu phn tch mi trng nc ngm
S hiu mu
TT
Thng s
n v
NN1
1
pH
TSS
TCVN
5944 - 1995
6,6
6,5 8,5
mg/l
105
cng (theo CaCO3)
mg/l
80
300 500
Tng khong ho
mg/l
107,1
Clorua (Cl-)
mg/l
63,8
200 600
Pb
mg/l
0,002
0,05
Cu
mg/l
0,012
1,0
Fe
mg/l
1,65
15
Zn
mg/l
0,024
5,0
10
Tng s Coliform
MNP/100 ml
2,8
Ghi ch s hiu mu NN1: Nc ging o ti nh b Lu Th Thch, thn 9, x i Cn,

huyn Yn Sn, tnh Tuyn Quang ( su 7 m).
33
Mu nc ngm khu vc d n ti thi im ly mu cha c du hiu b

nhim.
d, Bn y sng
Bng 2.8: Kt qu phn tch bn y sng
TT
Thng s
n v
S hiu mu
TT1
TCCP Canada
(1996)
TEL
PEL
Cr
mg/kg
13,5
52,3*
160*
Cd
mg/kg
0,11
0,596
3,530
Cu
mg/kg
12,7
35,7
197
Pb
mg/kg
14,2
35,0
91,3
Zn
mg/kg
41,2
123
315
Du khong
mg/kg
2,32
Ghi ch s hiu mu:

- TT1: Mu bn y sng L (khu vc cu An Ho)
- Tiu chun cho php ca Canada (1996)
- TEL: Ngng bt u nh hng
- PEL: Ngng chc chn b nh hng
* Theo TCCP Canada 1996
Nng ca cc cht nhim trong mu bn y sng L (khu vc cu An Ho)

ti thi im ly mu cha c du hiu b nhim bi cc cht thi cng nghip.
* Nhn xt chung v hin trng mi trng khu vc d n:
Cc kt qu phn tch cho php nh gi v cc yu t mi trng t nhin khu
vc d n nh sau:
- Mi trng khng kh xung quanh, mi trng nc mt, nc ngm v bn
y sng (sng L) cha c du hiu b nhim do cc hot ng cng nghip.
- H sinh thi khu vc gm mt s loi sinh vt bn a thng thng, khng
thuc cc loi qu him.

34
Hnh 2.1. S v tr ly mu mi trng nn

35
2.2. IU KIN KINH T - X HI KHU VC NGHIN CU

2.2.1. iu kin kinh t
Theo ti liu iu tra ca Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh tai x i Cn, huyn
Yn Sn (nm 2007), c th tm lc v iu kin kinh t - x hi ti khu vc d n
nh sau:
2.2.1.1. Nng lm nghip v chn nui
C cu nng nghip v chn nui ca x i Cn c th hin trn bng 2.9.
Bng 2.9: C cu nng lm nghip v chn nui nm 2007 ca x i Cn
Din tch trng trt (ha)
Chn nui
Din tch trng hoa mu
379,43
S i gia sc
1.993 con
Din tch trng la
234,94
S ln
2.281 con
Din tch trng cy lu nm
348,97
S gia cm
19.784 con
Trong nhng nm gn y, t trng nng nghip ca x c xu hng tng. So

vi nm 2006, t trng ngnh nng lm nghip tng 4,7%, ngnh chn nui tng
6,23%.
2.2.1.2. Cng nghip, thng mi v dch v
- Cng nghip: Hin ti, trn a bn x i Cn c 7 doanh nghip hot ng
trong cc ngnh sn xut vt liu xy dng, khai thc v ch bin khong sn, sn xut
v ch bin ch. Trong , c 3 doanh nghip c nhn v 4 doanh nghip c phn.
- Thng mi, dch v: Ngnh dch v thng mi cha pht trin. Trn a bn
x hin nay c 02 ch vi quy m kinh doanh nh.
Nhn chung, s pht trin cng nghip v thng mi dch v khu vc d n
cha tng xng vi tim nng pht trin ca a phng.
2.2.2. iu kin v x hi
2.2.2.1. Dn c v lao ng
Trong nhng nm gn y, c cu s dng t cng nh c cu lao ng ca a
phng c nhng bin i mnh m theo hng chuyn dch sang kinh t cng
nghip. T , lc lng lao ng d khu vc sn xut nng nghip chuyn i
sang lm lao ng ph thng cc c s sn xut cng nghip hoc c o to ngh
nn gim ng k t l lao ng nng nghip. Ngoi ra, trong cc thi k nng
nhn, mt b phn lao ng trong tui t 18-40 thng i tm vic lm cc th
trn, th t.
36
Dn s ca x l 6.699 ngi, gm 1.716 h gia nh. Mt dn s l 149

ngi/km2. C cu lao ng theo ngnh ngh ca a phng nh sau:
Bng 2.10: C cu lao ng ca X i Cn
Nng dn
Cng nhn
65 %
22 %
Thng mi, dch

v
Cng chc
10 %
3%
2.2.2.2. Mng li gio dc v y t

- Gio dc: X i Cn c 01 nh tr mu gio; 01 trng tiu hc; 01 trng
THCS, 01 trng PTHH vi tng s 74 lp v 176 gio vin.
- Y t: X c 01 trm y t vi 08 ging bnh, 01 bc s, 03 y, dc s.
Bang 2.11: Tnh hnh bnh tt ca ngi dn a phng
S ngi mc bnh
T l
Cc bnh
ngi
mc
Stt
Tr
em
thng gp
bnh (%)
Ngi ln
(di 6 tui)
T l cha
khi (%)
ng h hp
1.800
250
30,60
85 %
ng tiu ho
700
120
12,24
90 %
Bnh v mt
200
50
3,73
95 %
Tim mch
300
20
4,78
75 %
Ung th
50
0,75
01 %
Bng 2.11 cho thy cc bnh thng gp khu vc ny l bnh v ng h hp,

tiu ho, mt v tim mch. Trong , t l ngi ln mc bnh kh cao, tp trung vo
cc bnh v ng h hp v tiu ho. iu ny cho thy iu kin v sinh mi
trng, v sinh thc phm ti a phng cn cha tt.
2.2.2.3 C s h tng
a) V h thng ng giao thng:
D n nm khu vc c h thng giao thng tng i tt, gn QL 2 v QL 37
ni vi mng li giao thng ton quc. Trc giao thng chnh ca KCN Long Bnh
An qua Khu d n l ng rng 20m, c di phn cch 5m v hnh lang hai bn rng
7,5m ni vi Quc l 2. Cc ng t nh my ni vi trc ng chnh rng 7,5m,
hnh lang hai bn rng 7,5m.
H thng ng lin thn, lin x c tng chiu di l 27 km, trong , ng
tri nha 8,5 km; ng b tng 5,4 km, ng ri , ng t l 13,1 km.
- D n nm cch sng L 1km v pha Ty. y l iu kin thun li s
37
dng giao thng ng thu.

b) H thng cp in:
Mng li in ca x c u ni vi h thng in tnh Tuyn Quang gm:
- ng dy cao th 35 KV, cung cp in cho khu cng nghip.
- Li in h th 220 V, cung cp in sinh hot cho 100% h gia nh trong x
c) H thng cung cp nc:
Ngun nc cp cho sinh hot ch yu c ly t nc di t bng ging o
(chim 80%), ging khoan (5%) v nc my l 15%. Ngun nc cp cho cc hot
ng sn xut nng nghip c ly t nc mt (sng, sui, ao, h).
d, H thng thot nc:
Hin nay, do cha c h thng thot nc chung ca KCN, nn vic thot nc
ma cho khu vc ny da vo a hnh dc t nhin, sau nc thot vo cc ao, h,
sui trong khu vc. Sui K Lm chy ra sng L, im ca sui cch khu vc d n
khong 3,5 km. on sui chy bao quanh khu vc khu CN di khong 4,2 km. Hin
ti, kh nng thot nc ma khu vc ny tt, ma ma l t b ngp lt.
* Nhng thun li v iu kin t nhin, kinh t- x hi khi trin khai d n
+ V tr d n gn cc ng giao thng quc gia v sng L, thun li cho vic
vn chuyn hng ho bng ng b, ng thu.
+ Khu vc d n nm trn i c cao t 26 m (chn i) n 49 m (nh
i), chn i l sui K Lm nn iu kin thot nc tt.
+ Mi trng khu vc cha c du hiu b nhim bi cc hot ng cng
nghip.
+ Dn c khu vc nm xa khu vc quy hoch cng nghip, khng b tc ng
trc tip bi cc ngun thi t khu vc cng nghip.
* Nhng vn cn lu v iu kin t nhin, x hi khi trin khai d n:
+ Khi lng san lp mt bng d n ln.
+ Vic gii phng mt bng hin l t trng ch s to ra khi lng cht thi
(cy ch) ln, cn x l.
+ Cn c bin php gim thiu s pht tn bi, kh thi, ting n, cht thi cng
nghip v sinh hot do hot ng xy dng v sn xut ca nh my ti cc
khu dn c ln cn v mi trng xung quanh.

38
Chng 3- NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.1. NH GI V QUY HOCH MT BNG V THIT K KIN TRC CA

NH MY V MT MI TRNG
Da trn bn v thit k tng mt bng ca d n c th a ra mt s nhn xt
nh sau:
- Mt bng cc cng trnh ca nh my c b tr theo lu trnh cng ngh ca
mt nh my luyn kim vi trnh t: bi cha qung st khu vc chun b liu khu
vc my thiu kt khu vc l cao khu vc l luyn thp v bi cha gang, phi
thp; cc cng trnh ph tr (bi cha x, trm bin p, t my pht in ). Vic b
tr mt bng cn quan tm ti vic m bo kh nng thot nc v cc yu t mi
trng pht thi an ton cc ngun thi ca nh my: V tr ng khi t v tr
cao; h lng nc ma v tr thp ca a hnh v.v...
- Cc cng trnh l thiu kt qung, luyn kim c kt cu m bo cc yu cu k
thut v mng cng trnh, v l, h thng nc tun hon lm mt v l, m bo an
ton trong qu trnh vn hnh v gim thiu bc x nhit ra mi trng.
Vi cng ngh hin i, cc cng trnh ny cn c cc h thng thu khi t cc l
luyn kim s dng tun hon nhm tit kim nhin liu, ng thi gim thiu
nhim mi trng do khi bi v nhit t kh thi ca cng ngh luyn kim.
- H thng giao thng ni b ca nh my c thit k theo kiu bn c v ni
vi h thng giao thng chung ca khu cng nghip cng vo pha Ty Nam v cng
ra pha ng Nam, gm ng trc chnh rng 12 m bao quanh nh my di 1.500m,
cc ng nhnh rng t 6 10 m, tng chiu di 755 m, m bo cho cc phng
tin vn ti hot ng bnh thng. Trong trng hp xy ra cc s c chy, n hoc
s c mi trng, cc phng tin chuyn dng c th trin khai ng cu thun tin.
- H thng thot nc ma c b tr ngm dc theo ng giao thng, c ca
hm ch, song chn rc v h ga. Tng chiu di ca ton b h thng l 3.200 m vi
cc cng nhnh ng knh t 400 600 mm dn vo trc cng chnh c ng knh
1.000 mm ni vi h thng thot chung ca khu cng nghip. dc thot nc ca
ng v sn cng nghip l 1%o- 2%o, ca cng thot nc l 3%o, m bo thu
thot v tch cn, rc, trnh ngp ng trong cc t ma ln.
- Nc ma cc khu vc cha nguyn liu, sn phm, cht thi rn,v.v c
cch ly x l ring trc khi thot vo h thng cng thot nc ca nh my.
- Nc thi sinh hot (t cc khu vc v sinh, nh n ca, nh cng nhn) c
thu gom ring v x l ti ch bng h thng b pht sau s thot vo h thng
thot nc chung ca d n.
Ch d n s ch n mt s vn lin quan ti mi trng nh sau:
39
Trong nhng ngy khng c gi, hoc vn tc gi < 1m/s, khi t cc ng khi
ca my thiu kt, l cao pha ng nh my c th nh hng ti khu vc vn
phng v nh cng nhn (nm pha Ty Nam khu t) cch chn cc ng khi t
250 300m.
Trn s quy hoch cha c v tr ginh cho bi rc thi cng nghip.
Cc phng n gim thiu cc tc ng trn s c trnh by trong chng 4
ca bo co ny.
V cng tc n b gii phng mt bng
Doanh nghip kt hp vi c quan chc nng ca Tnh v huyn Yn Sn
kho st a chnh lp phng n n b ton b din tch t d kin ca D n
theo cc quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc. n nay cng tc n b c hon
thnh.

40
3.2. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG QU TRNH TRIN KHAI D N

Da vo c im ca cc hot ng CN, vic nh gi cc tc ng n mi
trng D n c chia thnh theo 2 phn:
1) Giai on xy dng c bn;
2) Trong qu trnh d n hot ng.
Ni dung nh gi cho tng giai on nh sau:
3.2.1. Tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng d n
Cc hot ng chnh trong khi xy dng v cc ngun cht thi tng ng c
nu trong bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1: Cc ngun gy nhim, loi cht thi v i tng chu tc ng
Cc hot ng gy nhim Loi cht thi
- R ph bom mn
- Cht b cy lm nghip
(ch), gii phng mt bng
- San gt n ct nn 39m,
xc bc, vn chuyn t ,
m nn b mt bng
phng tin c gii.
i tng chu tc ng
- S c n, bom, mn c - - Ngi lao ng,

Cht thi rn
- Ngun nc mt.
- Ngun nc ngm.
- Kh thi, bi, n, cht - Mi trng khng kh.
thi rn,
- Giao thng trong khu vc.
- Trt l, xi mn t, - Ngun nc mt.
- H sinh thi khu vc.
- Xy dng cng trnh h - Bn, t thi t qu - Mi trng t, nc mt,

h sinh thi khu vc.
tng k thut, nh xng, l trnh o mng cc.
- Nc ngm.
luyn kim, lp t thit b - Rc thi xy dng.
- Bi, kh thi, ting n
- Cht thi nguy hi.
- Cht thi sinh hot ca + Rc, nc thi sinh hot - Mi trng nc, t.
cng nhn trn cng trng
- M quan khu vc.
- Sc kho ca cng nhn.
- Cc tc ng khch quan: + St l bn t, sp - Mi trng t, nc, trong
ma, bo, trt l, st ln cc cng trnh
khu vc d n v xung
t
quanh.
- Cc s c chy, n

- Cc thit hi v con ngi,

kinh t.
41
3.2.1.1. Cht thi rn

a) Cy ch v lp ph thc vt b cht b.
Khi lng rc ny c th c tnh theo cy ch nh sau:
- Din tch trng ch thuc phm vi d n khong 180.000m2.
- Mt trng: 4 cy/m2,
- Trng lng trung bnh: 3 kg/cy.
Nh vy, khi lng thn cy ch trn t d n l:
4cy/m2 x 3kg/cy x 180.000m2 = 2.160.000 kg (2.160 tn).
y l loi rc hu c nn nu khng x l tt s c kh nng b thi ra (c
bit vo ma ma), gy tc ng xu n mi trng khng kh v nc ca khu vc.
trnh lng ph v gim lng thi v cc tc ng ti mi trng, ch d n
to iu kin cho dn a phng t thu gom s dng. V vy, v c bn khi
lng rc thi t cy ch c gii quyt, phn cn li ch cn khong 10%, d n
s thu gom v thu x l hp v sinh m bo khng gy nhim mi trng.
b) t thi trong qu trnh san gt mt bng, x l mng cc cng trnh xy
dng:
Mt bng d n l khu i, cn c san gt t cao 49 m ti cao trung bnh
c tnh ton l 36,0 m (mc cao a hnh thp nht l 26 m); cc khu vc b cha
nc lm mt, mng l, mng ng khi, h thng bng ti ngm, c o su so
vi ct quy hoch t 2 - 4m. Lng t san t cao xung thp, t thi t cc khu
o mng, khoan cc nhi, v.v c tnh khong 40.000 m3, c tnh ton
dng cho san mt bng nh my, khng c t tha ra ngoi.
c) Rc xy dng:
- Cc loi rc xy dng nh bao b vt liu XD bng g, giy, cacton, vt liu
m xp; cc thng st ng gi cc my mc, thit b, linh kin; cc loi vt liu
thi ra trong qu trnh xy dng v lp t thit b nh mu g, gch v, t thi,...
Khi lng thi ny c tnh khong 500 kg/ngy. Thnh phn ca loi rc ny l cc
cht v c, bn v ha hc, t c hi i vi mi trng v hu ht c th thu gom
s dng cho cc mc ch khc nh lm vt liu san lp hoc bn dng ph liu.
Nh vy, cht thi cng nghip trong giai on thi cng hu nh khng ra
mi trng xung quanh.
3.2.1.2. Bi v kh thi
a) Tc ng ca bi pht sinh trong cng on san lp mt bng:

42
Ti lng bi v kh thi khu ny c tnh tng i theo cng thc tnh th

tch hnh khi:
V= S (h ).dh
vi:
- h l chiu cao hnh khi
- S l din tch phn thit din vung gc vi h, S ph thuc vo h.
Trong trng hp ny, th tch san i c tnh gn ng bng phng php sau.
Chia phn i c chiu cao > 39m thnh cc khi tr chng ln nhau c din tch
y trung bnh Sh (h l ct ca khi tr) v chiu cao 1m.
Th tch ca mi khi tr Vn = Sh.1 = Sh m3.
Vy, tng
th tch c tnh gn ng l:
n
V=
hn
i chiu vi bnh ca khu t ta c khi lng t cn san i l:

V = S40 + S41 + + S48 = 258.000m3 (438.600 tn)
Ti lng bi pht sinh c tnh theo nh mc pht thi bi san gt t l
0,17 kg/tn (theo WHO).
Nh vy, lng bi pht sinh khu san lp l: 438.600 x 0,17 = 74.562 kg
Thi gian san i mt bng l 120 ngy (8h/ngy), lng bi pht sinh l:
74.562/960h = 77,66 kg/h
Cc nghin cu thc t ca Vin KH Vt liu cho thy, thnh phn bi c kch
thc ln >10 m chim ch yu v hu ht ri ti ch hoc pht tn khng xa hn
20 m xung quanh khu vc lm vic; loi bi c kch thc < 10 m c th pht tn
trong khng kh theo chiu gi v to ra nng bi cc khong cch khc nhau
nh sau:
- Trong phm vi bn knh 20m: t 1,5 n < 4 mg/m3
- Cch ngun thi > 30 m: 0,5-0,7 mg/m3 .
Cc gi tr nng ny thp hn tiu chun cho php i vi bi silicat trong
mi trng lao ng (Q 3733/2002/Q-BYT l 4 mg/m3). Nh vy, tc ng ca bi
khu san lp mt bng ch tc ng ch yu ti cng nhn trn cng trng.
b) Cc tc ng do kh thi cng on san lp mt bng:

43
Cc tc ng do kh thi cng on san lp mt bng c nh gi trn c s

mc s dng v pht thi ca cc loi xe, my hot ng trn cng trng nh sau:
Phng tin s dng san i mt bng gm 4 my xc, 3 my i v 15 xe ti
loi ln (> 16 tn), mc s dng nhin liu trong trng hp cc xe, my ny hot
ng lin tc l khong 25 kg/h. H s nhim khng kh ca ng c c cng sut
trn 16 tn cho trong bng 3.2 (theo t chc Y t th gii -WHO)
Bng 3.2: H s thi ca tng cht nhim [9]
Loi ng c
Xe ti v ng c diezen > 16
tn
Tng ti lng, Es
n v
tnh
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
kg/tn
4,3
20.S
50
20
16
0,003
0,03
5
0,01
4
0,011
mg/s.m2 0,003
* S l t l % S trong du DO, S thc t = 0,05

Gi thit mc pht thi l n nh theo thi gian v phn b u trn din tch
200.000 m2 ca d n th nng cc cht nhim trong khu vc d n c tnh ng
vi ngun pht thi l din rng theo cng thc sau [5]:
C =
E s .L
+ C vo
u.H
Trong :
C : Nng cht nhim n nh trong vng pht sinh nhim, mg/m3
Cvo: Nng cht nhim pha u hng gi, mg/m3
Es : Ti lng ca cht nhim, mg/s.m2
L: Chiu di ca d n theo chiu gi thi, L= 572,0m
H : cao vng xo trn (khong cch t mt t n im dng chuyn ng
bay ln ca phn t khng kh nng trn mt t, ng vi nhit khng kh n nh
l 280C, st mt t l 300C, chn H = 200m).
u: Tc gi trung bnh n nh l (chn u = 3m/s, ng vi iu kin thi tit
bnh thng ca khu vc).
Kt qu tnh ton cho trong bng 3.3

44
Bng 3.3: Nng cc cht nhim trong khu vc d n

Nng cc cht nhim
n v
tnh
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
Mi trng nn Cvo
mg/m3
0,013
0,024
0,016
1,12
Khu vc khu vc d n C
mg/m3
0,202
0,063
0,099
2,512
Theo bng 3.3, ti khu vc d n nng cc cht nhim u thp hn tiu

chun cho php i vi mi trng khng kh khu vc lao ng v mi trng khng
kh xung quanh. Tuy nhin, trong phm vi bn knh 5m i vi ngun pht thi (my
xc, my i), cng nhn cn c trang b bo h lao ng.
c) Bi pht sinh khi thi cng xy dng cng trnh
Nh m t trong chng 1 ca bo co, s c khong 20 phng tin thi cng,
tng ng (ti trng trn 16 tn) hot ng. Tnh ton nh i vi nng kh thi
v bi pht sinh do hot ng san nn, cc tc ng do bi v kh thi xng du ti mi
trng xung quanh do hot ng xy dng l khng ng k, m ch c tnh cc b ti
mt s v tr lm vic ca cng nhn.
d) Bi v cc kh thi pht sinh do vn ti nguyn vt liu xy dng.
Mt cc phng tin giao thng ra vo d n c tnh ton da trn khi
lng chuyn ch, ti trng xe v thi gian lm vic.
Khi lng vn chuyn bao gm vt liu xy dng, thit b, my mc sn xut,
c tnh trn 500.000 tn. Phng tin vn ti l cc loi xe c ti trng trn 20 tn.
Tng s chuyn xe l = 500.000/20 = 25.000 chuyn. Nh vy trong c thi gian xy
dng c bn s c khong 50.000 lt xe ra vo cng trng. Khi lng ny c
phn b tp trung vo 4 thng (thng th 15 n thng th 18). Gi thit s xe khng
thuc thi gian cao im l 40% th trong 4 thng cao im s lt xe ra vo cng
trng l trn 125 lt xe/ngy (khong trn 10 lt/h). Trong iu kin ng ra,
vo d n l ng nha rng 12 m th y l lu lng khng ln, v vy, tc ng
mi trng l khng ng k.
Tuy nhin, mc no , cc khu vc dn c hai bn ng c th s chu
nh hng nhim bi, kh thi, ting n.
Vic vn ti vi cc xe c ti trng ln c th lm hng mt ng, gy nh
hng n hot ng giao thng chung ca khu vc.
3.2.1.3. Nc ma, nc thi trn cng trng xy dng
a) Nc ma trn cng trng
Trn din tch d n l 202.488m2, khi lng nc ma ln nht c th t
khong 20.000m3 (tnh theo ngy ma ln nht ca khu vc). Cc cht thi rn, lp
45
t mt sn cng nghip cha c gia c c th b cun theo nc ma to thnh

dng nc nhim c hm lng TSS t 400 n 500 mg/l, c th gy ngp ng cc
b v nhim cc ngun nc mt xung quanh. Phn h lu ca sui K Lm (tnh t
khu vc d n) l khu vc canh tc la ca a phng c th b nh hng bi ngun
nc bn ny. Tuy nhin, iu ny ch xy ra khi c ma ln trong giai on thi cng
san lp mt bng.
Lng du m ri vi t xe, my cun theo nc ma l khng ng k. Tuy
nhin, ch d n s ch ti vic qun l du m thi v gi lau my.
b) Nc thi sinh hot trn cng trng xy dng:
Nc thi sinh hot: y l ngun thi cha cc cht nhim hu c, vi sinh vt
v mt s khong cht. Cc cht nhim ny nu khng c x l tt c th l ngun
gy nhim mi trng khng kh v mi trng nc ngun tip nhn.
Lng nc thi tnh theo mc s dng nc trung bnh nh sau:
- Tng s cng nhn lm vic thng xuyn trn cng trng l 150 ngi
(cao nht).
- nh mc s dng nc theo tiu chun xy dng l 45 lt/ngi.ngy.
Lng thi c tnh bng 80% lng s dng, nh vy nc thi sinh hot l:
Vthi = 80% x 150 x 45 /1000 = 5,4 m3.
Bng 3.4 nu cc ch s nhim trong nc thi sinh hot trc v sau x l qua
b t hoi.
Bng 3.4: Nng cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot [3]
Nng
X l qua b t TCVN 5945-2005
Stt
Cht nhim
(mg/l)
hoi (mg/l)
ct B ( mg/l)
1
BOD5
1.250
375
50
COD
2.225
667
80
TSS
2.150
645
100
Du m
500
150
Tng N
250
75
60
Tng P
60
18
i vi ngun thi ny, ch D n s x l bng cch xy dng nh v sinh v

b t hoi, sau nc thi s c n qua on mng lc sinh hc, t tiu chun
x vo sui K Lm.

46
3.2.1.4. Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trong giai on xy dng c bn

Cc loi du m thi, gi lau my dnh du, c quy thi ca cc thit b trong qu
trnh thi cng xy dng l cc loi cht thi nguy hi. c tnh tng lng thi ny
trong thi gian thi cng, lp t thit b l t 1 - 2 tn, vi phng thc thi khng lin
tc, c kh nng gy nhim cc b i vi mi trng t v nc.
Bng 3.5: Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trong khi xy dng
Loi cht thi nguy hi
n v
S lng
Du, m thi
kg
200 500
Gi lau dnh du
kg
500 1.000
c quy thi
kg
200 300
Cc cht thi nguy hi khc
kg
100 200
3.2.2. Cc tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on xy dng d n

3.2.2.1. Ting n
Ting n pht sinh do hot ng ca cc thit b c gii hot ng thi cng, vn
ti, lp t thit b, vn hnh th h thng thit b v.v Mc n t cc ngun pht
sinh chnh c thng k trong bng 3.6.
Bng 3.6: Mc n gii hn ca cc thit b thi cng [6]
(n v: dBA)
TT
Loi thit b
Tiu chun Vit nam
Mc n
khong cch
15m
TCVN: 59481998
My i
72 96
90
My hn
72 96
My trn b tng
77 95
90
Bm b tng
70 96
90
Xe ben
70 82
90
My nn kh
69 86
My m
90 104
90
Xe ti
70 80
90

TCVN: 59491998
(Khu vc sn xut
nm xen k trong
dn t 6 -18 gi)
75
47
Bng 3.6 cho thy hu ht cc v tr cch ngun pht sinh ting n 15 m, mc

n u vt tiu chun cho php i vi mi trng cng nghip. i tng chu nh
hng ca mc n ln l cng nhn lm vic gn cc ngun gy n ln ni trn. Do
vy, cn phi c bin php gim thiu ting n cho cng nhn lao ng ti cng trng
thi cng.
Trn thc t, mc n s suy gim theo khong cch: Khi khong cch tng gp
i th ting n gim i trung bnh 6dB. Theo , chui gim ting n c th hin
nh sau:
Khong cch n ngun n (m)
15
30
60
120
240
480
Ting n (dBA)
104
98
92
86
80
74
Theo tnh ton bng trn th cc khu vc dn c cch D n v pha ng

500 m, mc n ln nht t cng trng lan truyn ti s thp hn 75 dBA (TCVN
5949:1998). Ngoi ra, mc n ti cc khu dn c s cn thp hn na do a hnh
xung quanh d n c nhiu i cao trng cy cng nghip, c kh nng lm gim
mnh s lan truyn ca sng m.
3.2.3. D bo nhng ri ro v s c trong giai on xy dng
3.2.3.1. Cc s c trong giai on xy dng
Cc s c xy ra trong giai on xy dng cng trnh thng l:
- Tai nn lao ng:
Cc tai nn lao ng c th xy ra trn cng trng xy dng thng l trt ng
t trn cao, b thng do cc vt nng hoc sc nhn t trn cao ri xung, in git,
tng ln ngi v.v... m nguyn nhn thng l do cng nhn khng tun th cc
k lut v ni quy lao ng, cha thnh tho ngh, t kinh nghim hoc do phng tin,
cng c lao ng (thanh, cu, ti...) v trang b lao ng cha y hoc khng m
bo an ton.
Ngoi ra, cn phi phng cc tai nn giao thng do s bt cn ca li xe, do
b tr ng vn ti trn cng trng khng hp l, v.v....
- Cc s c v in:
Cc s c in xy ra trn h thng dn in v cc thit b in trn cng trng
c th gy chy n, in git... nguy him ti tnh mng con ngi v thit hi v ti
sn. Nguyn nhn ca cc s c v in thng l do thao tc khng ng k thut ca
cng nhn; do k thut in cha m bo (qu ti trn h thng dn in; chp in
trn thit b,...); do ma bo v.v...
- Cc s c do kh hu:
48
Ngi lao ng lm vic lu trong iu kin nng nng hoc do tnh trng sc
kho ca ngi lao ng khng tt, c th b cm hoc bt tnh,...
Ma, bo ln c th gy h hi, sp h mng hoc cc cng trnh ang xy
dng cha c kt, gy thit hi n tnh mng con ngi v ti sn.
- S c chy n c th xy ra cc khu vc cha vt liu d chy hoc do cc
nguyn nhn nh chp in, s dng la
3.2.3.2. Cc tc ng mi trng do thi tit
Cc c im v thi tit c th gy tc ng ti hot ng xy dng l ma bo
ln, lc xoy, ... vo ma ma.
Ma ln, lc xoy c th gy ra cc hin tng xi mn, trt l t, rt nguy
him, c th lm sp cc cng trnh, s vi lp din tch t canh tc, ng giao
thng xung quanh khu vc d n, gy thit hi v kinh t, lm chm tin ca d n
v tc ng mnh ti mi trng xung quanh, c bit l trong thi gian chun b mt
bng v thi gian u ca giai on xy dng, khi nn t v cc cng trnh xy dng
cha thi gian c kt.
3.2.3.3. Cc tc ng ti h sinh thi, cnh quan v vi kh hu
Khi khu cng nghip Long Bnh An hnh thnh, ton b h sinh thi thc vt ph
trn din tch khu t ny (ch, la v hoa mu) s b bc b, c th gy nn nhng tc
ng khng nh n mi trng nh: thm thc vt v mi trng sng ca nhiu loi
ng vt hoang d nh chim, rn, th nh, cn trng bn a, b thu hp, lm suy
gim ng k s lng c th sng ca cc loi k trn.
Vic thm thc vt b ph b cn lm gim kh nng hp th CO2 v b sung xi,
hi nc trong khng kh, c th dn n nhng bin i vi kh hu trong khu vc theo
hng tiu cc.
Hot ng san lp mt bng v xy dng nh my cn lm bin dng a hnh v
cnh quan khu vc, gy tc ng ti cc hot ng ngm v thot ca nc ma trn
khu vc pht trin cng nghip.
V vy cn c bin php gim thiu cc tc ng ny.

49
3.3. TC NG MI TRNG TRONG QU TRNH D N HOT NG

3.3.1. Nhn dng cc ngun thi
Trn hnh 3.1 lit k cc ngun thi v cc loi cht thi trn dy chuyn cng
ngh luyn kim ca nh my.
Qung st sng, 450.000 tn/nm
- Than cm,
- Tr dung,
- Nc mt
- Khi
- Nc nng
Thiu kt
Bi
Nghin nh
491.266 tn/nm
- Than cc,
- Tr dung,
- Nc mt
Nc nng
- Khi
- Nc nng
- X l
Luyn l cao
Gang thi
140.140 tn/nm
L thi xy
Nc
mt
- Khi
- Nc nng
- X l
Nc nng
Phi thp
100.000 tn/nm
Hnh 3.1: Quy trnh cng ngh tng qut
Tc ng mi trng ca cc qu trnh ny c nh gi nh sau:

50
3.3.2. Ngun gy tc ng l cht thi khi d n vo hot ng

3.3.2.1. Tc ng ti mi trng khng kh do kh c v bi
a) Bi t cng on chun b nguyn liu, nhin liu
- Cng on p qung v nghin cc cht tr dung:
Qung c lm nh n kch thc <10mm bng my p ba; cc cht tr
dung l vi v lmit c nghin nh n kch thc <5mm.
T l bi pht sinh khu p qung v nghin cht tr dung th t l 0,5 kg/tn
qung v 1,0 kg/tn nguyn liu [7]. Lng bi t ch bin qung trong ngy (12h lm
vic) c tnh nh sau:
m1 = 1.232,9 (tn/ngy) x 0,5 (kg/tn)= 616,45 (kg/ngy) = 51,4 kg/h
Thnh phn ca bi ch yu l cc oxit st v cc kim loi i km vi qung st,
SiO2, v.v...
Lng bi pht sinh do nghin cht tr dung l:
m2 = 240 (tn/ngy) x 1,0 (kg/tn) = 240 (kg/ngy) = 20,0 kg/h
Thnh phn ca bi ch yu l bt , bt lmit, kch thc trung bnh
5- 10 m, kh nng pht tn ln.
Hm lng bi pht tn trong vng bn knh 2 m xung quanh my p thng
t t 1,0 n > 5,0mg/m3. Nng bi khu vc ny c tnh bng cng thc:
C2= (m2+m2)*103/Q = (51,4+20,0)*103/12.000= 5,95 g/m3.
Trn dy chuyn cng ngh, ti cc v tr pht sinh bi ca my p qung v
my nghin c cc qut ht v chp ht bi, dn v thit b x l lc ti vi.
Lu lng qut ht: Q= 24.000m3/h; cng sut x l ca b lc ti vi l 12.000
m3/h, hiu sut t 99%. Nng bi sau x l l 60 mg/m3, thp hn tiu chun kh
thi cng nghip (TCVN 5939:2005). Lng bi thu c s c thu gom trn
vo qung trong my v vin.
- Cng on p than cc:
Than cc th c p nh n kch thc < 30 mm, t l pht sinh bi l 0,5
kg/tn [7]. Lng bi pht sinh c tnh nh sau:
m3 = 0,5 kg/tn x 441,4 tn/ngy = 220 kg/ngy = 18,4 kg/h.

51
Ti cc v tr pht sinh bi c cc chp ht kh dn v thit b lc ti vi cng

sut 8.000 m3/h, hiu sut 99%. Nng bi trc khi x l khong 2,30 g/m3, nng
sau x l khong 22 mg/m3, m bo tiu chun x thi cng nghip.
Chp ht bi
Bng ti chuyn
Chp ht bi
Mng trt
Bng ti nhn
Bng ti nhn
Mng trt
ai cau su
Chp ht bi, khp ni mm
Bng ti nhn, SP qu c
My sng
tuyn
Sn phm
Hnh: 3.2: Mt s chp ht in hnh ca h thng x l bi khu vc ch bin

qung, cht tr dung v than cc

52
b) nhim bi v khi thi pht sinh t my thiu kt qung

Qu trnh thiu kt qung c s dng cht tr dung l CaCO3 v MgCO3, trong
qu trnh chy, 85% lng SO2 sinh ra t than v kh l cao c x l ngay trong
khi phi liu to thnh CaSO4 v MgSO4 bn nhit.
Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim t my thiu kt c trnh by trong
bng 3.7 (phn phng php v cng thc tnh [7] trnh by trong ph lc 4).
Bng 3.7: Ti lng v nng cc cc cht kh trong khi thi my thiu kt
[7]
TT i lng tnh ton
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
Lng khi iu kin chun

Lng khi iu kin thc
t, T khi =1500C
Ti lng kh SO2
Ti lng kh CO
Ti lng kh CO2
Ti lng kh NOx
Ti lng kh bi
n v
K hiu
Nm3/h
Lc
30,1
m3/h
Lt
46,7
g/s
g/s
g/s
g/s
g/s
m(SO2)
m(CO)
m(CO2)
m(NOx)
m(bi)
4,9
21,6
10.157,4
18,13
142,7
C(SO2)
C(CO)
C(CO2)
C(NO2)
C(bi)
162,8
716,5
337.196,0
601,7
4.737,0
Nng pht thi cc cht nhim

Kh SO2
mg/Nm3
Kh CO
mg/Nm3
Kh CO2
mg/Nm3
Kh NO2
mg/Nm3
Bi
mg/Nm3
Gi tr
TCVN
5939:2005
C=C.Kp.Kv
560
1.120
952
224
Ghi ch:
Nm3 l m3 kh iu kin tiu chun
p dng gii hn B, (vi nh my xy dng mi)
Kp = 0,8 (Qthi > 100.000 m3/h)
Kv = 1,4 (Vng nng thn min ni)
T bng 3.7 cho thy nng cc kh SO2, NO2, CO pht sinh t l thiu kt
qung u nm di tiu chun cho php i vi khi thi cng nghip. Ring nng
bi vt tiu chun cho php 21,14 ln.
Do c th ca cng ngh l s dng li kh l, nn trn dy chuyn cng ngh
trang b h thng x l bi bng bung lng trng lc v xiclon chm. Hiu sut x
l ca bung lng trng lc H1 = 60 %, ca thit b xiclon chm l H2 = 90% (theo ti
liu d n cung cp).
53
Nng bi cn li sau h thng x l c tnh ton nh sau:

Csau = (1-H1) * (1-H2) * Ctrc = (1-0,60)*(1-0,90)* 4.736,4 = 189,46 mg/Nm3
msau = (1-H1) * (1-H2) * Ctrc = (1-0,60)*(1-0,90)*142,7 = 5,7 g/s
Nh vy, nng bi m bo t tiu chun cho php trc khi x thi ra mi
trng, ng thi nhit ca khi ti ming ng khi gim cn 800C.
a)
Kh thi my thiu kt
Bung lng
Xiclon chm
ng khi
b)
Khi t my
thiu kt
Vo ng khi
Xiclon chm 4
Bung lng
Hnh 3.3: S khi (a) v s nguyn l (b)h hng thit b x l bi t khi

thi ca my thiu kt
Ti lng v nng ca cc cht nhim sau x l c nu trong bng 3.8.
Bng 3.8: Ti lng v nng cc cc cht nhim trong khi thi my thiu
kt sau h thng x l
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
Cc cht nhim
Kh SO2
Kh CO
Kh CO2
Kh NO2
Bi
Ti lng
(g/s)
Nng
(mg/Nm3)
4,9
21,6
10.157,4
18,13
5,7
162,8
716,4
337.153,6
601,7
189,46
TCVN
5939:2005
C=C.Kp.Kv
560
1.120
952
224
S pht thi ca khi thi c nh gi bng m hnh khuch tn Gauss [6], nh

sau:
C=
m
H2
. exp
2
.u. y. z
2. z
Trong :
54
C: Nng cht nhim, mg/Nm3

m: Ti lng cht nhim, g/Nm3
H: Chiu cao hiu qu ca ng khi, H = htt+ h, m
h: Chiu cao thc ca ng khi, h l nng ng khi, m
u: Tc gi kh quyn, cao 10m so vi mt t, m/s
y, z: H s khuch tn theo phng ngang y, phng ng z, (m)
Thng s ngun thi ca mi ng khi (tnh ton cho m hnh khuch tn cht
nhim) c nu cho trong bng 3.9.
Bng 3.9: Cc thng s tnh ton cho pht thi cht nhim t ng khi my
thiu kt
Thng s
K
hiu
Cp n nh ca kh quyn
n
v
I. Cc thng s v kh tng
1. Vn tc gi cao 10m
so vi mt t
Uo
m/s
2. Nhit ca khng kh
Tkk
oC
37
35
32
30
25
25
3. H s ph thuc vo a
hnh (g gh)
0,15
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,4
0,6
II. c im ca ngun thi

1. Lu lng khi iu kin
chun
Vspc
2. Nhit khi ti ming ng

khi
Ts
3. Lu lng khi thc vi

cng thc, t=1500C
4. Vn tc pht khi
m3/h
o
54.22
8
150
V (t)
m3/h
84.02
4
Vs
m3/s
4,76
III. Thng s thit k ng khi

1. Chiu cao ng khi thc t
htk
40
2. ng knh ming ng khi
2,5
3. nng cao ca vt khi
93,21
62,80
35,6
2
27,9
1
51,9
0
53,99
4. Chiu cao hiu qu ca ng

khi
135,2
1
104,8
0
77,6
2
69,9
1
93,9
0
95,99
5. Vn tc gi cao ng
khi
Us
m/s
2,5
3,7
6,7
8,6
5,3
4,7

55

6. Thng s nng cao ca ng
khi
m4/s3
19,48
20,3
4
19,82
20,6
9
21,5
5
21,55
Ghi ch: Cc cp n nh ca kh quyn:

Cp A: Rt khng n nh,
Cp B: Khng n nh in hnh,
Cp C: Khng n nh nh,
Cp D: Trung tnh,
Cp E: n nh nh,
Cp F: n nh
D bo khu vc chu nh hng nhim ng vi cc cp n nh ca kh quyn,

theo khong cch t chn ng khi c th hin bng 3.10 v hnh 3.2.
Bng 3.10: Kt qu tnh ton nng pht tn cc cht nhim trong khi thi
my thiu kt theo cc cp n nh ca kh quyn
Thng s
Cp n nh ca kh quyn
n v
Cp A
Cp B
Cp C
Cp D
Cp E
km
0,5
0,7
0,9
1,6
2,0
Nng SO2
mg/m3
Nng CO
Nng NO2
Nng bi
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3
0,024
0,108
0,090
0,028
0,018
0,081
0,068
0,021
0,017
0,074
0,062
0,020
0,012
0,052
0,043
0,014
0,002
0,010
0,008
0,003
Khong cch Xmax
Cp A
Cp B
Cp C
0,030
0,025
Cp D
Cp E
SO2, mg/Nm3 .
0,020
0,015
ng
0,010
0,005
0,000
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Khong cch n chn ng khi, m

56
Hnh 3.4: Biu khuch tn kh SO2 trong khi thi t 1 ng khi ca my thiu
kt cc cp n nh ca kh quyn
Cc kh CO, NO2 v bi u c dng khuch tn tng t nh kh SO2.
Qua bng 3.10 v Hnh 3.2, khu vc chu nh hng ln nht theo chiu gi tnh
t chn ng khi c d bo nh sau:
- Kh quyn khng n nh (ng vi cp A, B, C), cch t 500 700m .
- Kh quyn n nh (ng vi cp D v E), cch t 0,9 2,0 km.
Cc cht nhim khc cng c cng dng khuch tn.
Tuy nhin, sau x l, nng cc cht nhim trong mi trng khng kh u
thp hn tiu chun cho php.
c) Bi pht sinh t khu ch bin qung sau thiu kt
Qung sau thiu kt c vn chuyn v lm ngui trc tip bng nc trn bng
ti, sau c a vo my nghin sng n kch thc t 10 50 mm. Sn lng
qung thiu kt c ch bin l 1.350,57 tn/ ngy,
Bi pht sinh t cng on ny ch yu l oxit st, c kch thc t 10 100
m v ti lng l 5 kg/tn thnh phm [7]. Lng bi pht sinh c tnh theo thi
gian lm vic ca xng ch bin qung l 12h/ngy nh sau:
mbi = 5 x 1.350,57 /12 = 562,7 kg/h
Bi c thu bng qut ht cng sut 24.000m3/h v dn vo h thng lc bi ti
vi (H3), c hiu sut x l t 99,7%.
msau = (1-0,997) x mtrc = 0,003 x 562,7 = 1,69 kg/h
Cbi = msau / V = 1,69 x106/24.000 = 70,4 mg/m3
Nng bi sau x l thp hn 224 mg/m3, t tiu chun x thi i vi kh thi
cng nghip.
d) Bi pht sinh trong cng on phi liu v np liu l cao
Qu trnh phi trn v vn chuyn phi liu n c l cao bng bng ti c
thc hin trong thit b kn nn s hn ch ti a lng bi pht tn ra xung quanh.
Ti lng bi pht sinh theo t l 0,35 kg/tn [7], tng ng 26kg/h.
Cc v tr np liu vo thit b phi trn v ming l cao c cc chp ht cc b
ht bi dn vo thit b lc ti vi, hiu sut x l t 99%, cng sut 10.500 m3/h.
Nng bi trc x l khong 2.480 mg/m3, nng sau x l khong 25 mg/m3,
m bo tiu chun thi ra mi trng.
e) Bi v khi thi l cao
57
Kt qu tnh ton ti lng v nng cc cht nhim t 2 l cao c nu

trong bng 3.11. (Phng php v cng thc tnh [7] c trnh by trong ph lc 4)
Bng 3.11: Ti lng v nng bi v kh thi l cao [7]
TT
i lng tnh ton
n v
K hiu
Gi tr
TCVN
5939:2005
C=C.Kp.Kv
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
Lng khng kh kh l
thuyt cn cho qu trnh
chy
Lng khi (SPC) iu
kin chun
Lng khi (SPC) iu
kin thc t T =250 0C
Ti lng kh SO2 vi pSO2 =
2,926 kg/m3
Ti lng kh CO vi pCO =
1,25 kg/m3
Ti lng kh CO2 vi pCO2 =
1,977 kg/m3
Ti lng kh NO2, pNO2 =
2,054
Ti lng bi
Kh SO2
Kh CO
Kh CO2
Kh NO2
Bi
Nm3/s
Lkkt
41.471
Nm3/h
Lc
63.978
m3/h
Lt
122.567
g/s
M(SO2)
31,81
g/s
M(CO)
6.797,81
g/s
M(CO2)
4.047,00
g/s
M(NOx)
15,37515
g/s
M(bi)
404,86

mg/Nm3 C(SO2)
1.790,04
mg/Nm3 C(CO)
382.505,09
3
mg/Nm C(CO2)
227.720,40
mg/Nm3 C(NO2)
865,14
3
mg/Nm C(bi)
22.781,09
560
1.120
952
224
Ghi ch:
Kp = 0,8 (Qthi > 100.000 m3/h)
Lu lng khi thot ra t 2 l cao l 63.978 Nm 3/h (mi l l 31.989 Nm3/h).

Ti mi l cao u c h thng x l bi a cp thu hi kh than cp cho l gi
nng. H thng x l gm c 1 bung lng trng lc, 2 xiclon chm v 2 thit b lc
58
bi ti vi. Cng sut x l ca mi h thng trung bnh l 45.000 m3/h, ti a l

63.000 m3/h.
Hiu sut ca cc thit b nh sau:
- Bung lng trng lc: 60% (x l bi c kch thc > 40 m)
- Xiclon chm: 93 % (x l bi c kch thc t 10 n 40 m)
- Thit b lc ti vi: 97% (x l bi c kch thc < 10 m)
Ti lng M v nng C ca bi trong khi sau x l:
Mbi sau xl = (1-0,60) * (1-0,93) * (1-0,97) * mbi trc xl = 0,34 g/s
Cbi sau xl = (1-0,60) * (1-0,93) * (1-0,97) * Cbi trc xl = 19,136 mg/Nm3
Lng bi t h thng thu hi l 1,24 tn/h, c thnh phn ch yu l oxit st v
mt s loi oxit kim loi khc c th bn lm ph gia cho cc nh my xi mng.
a)
Khi l cao
Bung lng
Xiclon chm
Su dng cp
nhin liu
Lc ti vi
b)
S dng cp
nhin liu
Khi l
cao
Bung
lng
Xiclon
chm
Lc ti
vi
Bi
Hnh 3.5: S khi (a) v s nguyn l (b) h thng x l bi t khi l cao

Khi l cao (ch yu l CO) sau khi c lm sch bi c nhit tr khong 1.000
kcal/m3, c s dng lm nhin liu cho cho 2 gin my thiu kt, l gi nng, my
pht in 3.000 kw v ca nh my.
- Lng kh than dng cho my thiu kt l 26.198 Nm3/h,
- Lng kh than dng cho l gi nng l 26.198 Nm3/h,
- Lng kh than dng cho my pht in l 11.582 Nm3/h.
Vic tnh ton ti lng v nng cc cht nhim [7] c nu trong ph lc
4. Kt qu nu trong bng 3.12.
59
Bng 3.12: Ti lng v nng cc cht nhim sau l gi nng v my pht

in [7]
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
i lng tnh ton

Lng khng kh kh l
thuyt cn cho qu trnh chy
Lng khi (SPC) iu
kin chun
Lng khi (SPC) iu
kin thc t T = 3200C
Ti lng kh SO2 vi pSO2
= 2,926 kg/m3
1,25 kg/m3
Ti lng kh CO2 vi pCO2
= 1,977 kg/m3
Ti lng kh NO2, pNO2 =
2,054
Ti lng kh bi
n v
K hiu
Gi tr
Nm3/s
Lkkt
30.694,21
Nm3/s
Lc
66.042,05
m3/s
Lt
143.453,99
g/s
M(SO2)
18,79
g/s
M(CO)
8,03
g/s
M(CO2)
8.808,53
g/s
M(NOx)
11,92
g/s
M(bi)
0,17
C(SO2)
C(CO)
C(CO2)
C(NO2)
C(bi)
1.024,0
437,6
480.159,4
650,0
10,95

Kh SO2
mg/Nm3
Kh CO
mg/Nm3
Kh CO2
mg/Nm3
Kh NO2
mg/Nm3
Bi
mg/Nm3
TCVN
5939:2005
C=C.Kp.Kv
560
1.120
952
224
Ghi ch:
Kp = 0,8 (Qthi > 100.000 m3/h)
Nng bi, CO v NO2 ca kh thi t l gi nng u nm trong gii hn cho

php, ring kh SO2 vt gii hn gn 2 ln. Bin php x l gim thiu tc ng
ca ngun thi ny s c trnh by c th trong chng 4. H thng x l kh SO 2
c thit k theo nguyn l ra kh bng dung dch kim, hiu sut x l > 90%, m
bo t tiu chun x thi.
Sau x l, khi thi ca l gi nng c thi trc tip qua ng khi l cao, c
thng s ca ngun thi c nu cho trong bng 3.13; tnh ton cho khu vc chu nh
60
hng nhim ng vi cc cp n nh ca kh quyn theo khong cch t chn ng

khi c th hin bng 3.14 v hnh 3.3.
Bng 3.13: Cc thng s tnh ton trong m hnh khuch tn nhim t ng khi
l cao [6]
I. Cc thng s v kh tng
Thng s
Cp n nh kh quyn
K hiu n v
1. Vn tc gi cao
10m so vi mt t
Uo
m/s
2. Nhit ca KK
Tkk
3. H s ph thuc vo
a hnh (g gh)
37
35
32
30
25
25
0,15
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,4
0,6
III. c im ca ngun thi

1. Lu lng khi iu
kin chun
Vspc
Nm3/h
66.038
2. Nhit khi ti
ming ng khi
Ts
oC
80
3. Lu lng khi thc

vi cng thc:
Vt
m3/h
4. Vn tc pht khi
Vs
m3/s
4,83
htk
46
2,5
57,96
103,96 85,71 68,95 64,16 87,65 89,06
m/s
m4/s3
85.390
II. Thng s thit k ng khi

1. Chiu cao ng khi
thc t
2. ng knh ming
ng khi
3. nng cao ca vt
khi vi cng thc
4. Chiu cao hiu qu
ca ng khi
5. Vn tc gi cao
ng khi
6. Thng s nng cao ca
ng khi
39,71 22,95 18,16 41,65 43,06
2,51
3,77
6,78
8,79
5,52
5,00
9,03
9,45 10,08 10,50 11,55 11,55
Bng 3.14: Kt qu tnh ton nng cc cht nhim pht sinh t ng khi l
cao theo cc cp n nh ca kh quyn.
Thng s
Khong cch Xmax
Nng SO2
Nng CO
Nng NO2
Nng bi
n v
km
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3
Cp n nh ca kh quyn
Cp A
0,4
0,0140
0,0598
0,0133
0,0015
Cp B
0,6
0,0100
0,0429
0,0096
0,0011

Cp C
0,8
0,0080
0,0341
0,0076
0,0009
Cp D
1,5
0,0053
0,0227
0,0050
0,0006
Cp E
2,0
0,0013
0,0056
0,0013
0,0001
61
Cp A
0,016
Cp B
Cp C
Cp D
Cp E
0,014
0,012
SO2, mg/Nm3 .
0,010
0,008
ng
0,006
0,004
0,002
0,000
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Khong cch n chn ng khi, m
Hnh 3.6: Biu khuch tn kh SO2 t ng khi l cao cc cp n nh

ca kh quyn
Cc kh CO, NO2 v bi u c dng khuch tn tng t nh kh SO2.
Khu vc chu nh hng ln nht c d bo nh sau:
- Kh quyn khng n nh (ng vi cp A, B, C) cch 400- 600 m;
- Kh quyn n nh (ng vi cp D v E) cch t 1,2 2,0 km.
Vi iu kin vi kh hu ca khu vc Tuyn Quang, hng gi ch o l ng
Nam v ng Bc tng ng vi hai ma h v ng, khu vc thng xuyn chu nh
hng nhim hn cc ni khc v ma h l Ph An v Tn Thnh x Ha Mc; v
ma ng l Ph ng x Ha Mc v Khe Soan 1.
nh gi tc ng tng hp ca cc ngun pht thi chnh ca nh my.
Khng gian khuch tn ca 3 ng khi (2 ng ca l thiu kt, 1 ng ca l cao)
tng t nhau. Khi 3 ng khi ng thi pht thi, nng cc cht nhim pht sinh
t nh my c tnh l tng nng pht sinh t 3 ng khi ny.
Ctng = 2 x Cthiu kt + Cl cao
Kt qu tng hp trong bng 3.15
Bng 3.15: Nng tng cng ca cc cht nhim pht sinh t Nh my
Thng s
n v
Cp n nh ca kh quyn
Cp A
Cp B
Cp C
Cp D
Cp E
0,4-0,5
0,6-0,7
0,8-0,9
1,5-1,6
TCVN 5937:2005
Khong cch
Xmax
Nng SO2
km
mg/m3
0,063
0,047
0,042
0,029
0,006
0,35
0,125
Nng CO
mg/m3
0,275
0,204
0,182
0,126
0,025
30

1h
TB 24h
62

Nng NO2
Nng bi
mg/m3
mg/m3
0,194
0,058
0,145
0,044
0,131
0,040
0,092
0,028
0,018
0,005
0,2
0,3
0,2
Qua bng 3.15 cho thy, ti cc khu vc chu nh hng nng cc cht
nhim pht sinh t nh my l rt thp, khng c kh nng lm nhim mi trng
khng kh xung quanh.
f) Bi v khi thi l thi xy:
Cng ngh luyn thp bng l thi xy l cng ngh tin tin v thi t cht c
hi hn so vi cc cng ngh luyn thp khc nh l h quang, l mactanh,... Bng
cc phng trnh tnh ton tng t nh i vi cc l thiu kt, l cao, kt qu tnh ti
lng v nng ca cc cht nhim nu trong bng 3.16.
Bng 3.16: Ti lng v nng ca cc cht nhim trong kh thi [7]
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
i lng tnh ton

Lng O2 cn cho qu trnh
luyn thp
Lng khi (SPC) iu
kin chun
Lng khi (SPC) iu
kin thc t T (khi) 500 0C
Ti lng kh SO2 vi pSO2 =
2,926 kg/m3
1,25 kg/m3
Ti lng kh CO2 vi pCO2 =
1,977 kg/m3
Ti lng kh bi
8
8.1
Kh SO2
8.2
Kh CO
8.3
Kh CO2
8.4
Bi
n v
K hiu
Gi tr
Nm3/h
Lkkt
1.324,20
Nm3/h
Lc
1.948,48
m3/h
Lt
5.517,13
g/s
M(SO2)
0,0390
g/s
M(CO)
443,49
g/s
M(CO2)
336,32
g/s
M(bi)
34,88

mg/Nm3 C(SO2)
72,00
819.395,1
mg/Nm3 C(CO)
7
621.384,0
mg/Nm3 C(CO2)
2
3
mg/Nm
C(bi) 64.445,49
TCVN
5939:2005
C=C.Kp.Kv
560
1.120
224
Ghi ch:
TCVN 5939:2005 p dng gii hn B, (vi nh my xy dng mi)
Kp = 0,8 (Qthi ca nh my >100 m3/h)

63
Khi t l thi xy c lu lng l 1.948 Nm3/h, nhit khong 5000C,

cha nhiu bi oxit st v cc oxit kim loi khc, ch yu l bi c kch thc bi
< 5 m ( 95%).
Khi t l xy c lm mt n nhit 2000C, sau c x l bi qua b
lc ti vi (hnh 3.7), m bo x l t hiu sut ca thit b l 99,8%.
Nng bi trong khi sau thit b lc c tnh ton nh sau:
Csau = (1-0,998) * Ctrc = 0,002 * 64.445,49 = 128,9 mg/Nm3
Nng ny thp hn tiu chun cho php ( TCVN 5939:2005 l 224 mg/Nm3 )
Vo l gi
nng,
Khi l
cao
Lc ti
vi cp 1
Lc ti
vi cp 2
Bi
Hnh 3.7: S nguyn l h hng x l bi t khi thi ca l thi xy

Khi l sau x l rt giu CO, d n s tn dng lm ngun cung cp nhit
lng cho l gi nng cng vi kh l cao. Khi thi sau t khi l thi xy c
thot cng khi l gi nng.
3.3.2.2. Nc thi
a) Nc lm mt v l v thit b (lm mt gin tip):
Nc lm mt gin tip s c ly t sui K Lm, x l bng h thng lc cao
p v lm mm bng thp trao i ion.
Cc b phn cn lm mt chnh gm v my thiu kt, l cao v l luyn thp.
Nhu cu s dng nh sau:
- My thiu kt: 200 m3/h
- L cao: 200 m3/h,
- L thi xy: 150m3/h
Nc sau lm mt thit b c lm ngui bng gin ma, ri qua b lng s
dng tun hon.
Vt liu trao i ion thit b lm mm nc s c gii hp ph bng dung
dch HCl long (pH <5). Lng nc thi ra t khu ny khong 15 20m 3/ngy, s
64
c x l bng cch dn vo ngun nc sau lm mt x l (c pH>8) trung ha

v s dng tun hon khu lm mt x l, khng thi ra mi trng.
b) Nc lm mt trc tip khng cha du m khong:
Ngun nc ny c ly t sui K Lm, x l lc cao p. Cc b phn cn
c lm mt trc tip l:
- Qung sau thiu kt: 350 m3/h
- X (t l thiu kt, l cao v l thi xy): 500 m3/h
Lng nc hao ph do bc hi khong 1.080 m3/ngy s c b sung thng
xuyn.
Chu trnh s dng nc thi cc khu vc lm mt trc tip c th hin trn
cc hnh 3.4.
B cha nc
B sung nc sch
B cha x
nng
Bng ti qung
thiu kt
Nc thi t qu
trnh gii hp ph
vt liu trao i ion
(lm mm nc)
B lng, lc
Cn lng
Tun hon
Thp lm
mt
Hnh 3.8: Chu trnh s dng nc lm mt trc tip

c) Nc lm mt trc tip cha du, m khong
Ngun nc c ly tng t nh ngun nc lm mt trc tip khc. Cc b
phn s dng nc nh sau:
- Lm mt khun c v gang thi: 240 m3/h
- Lm mt khun c v phi thp: 150 m3/h

65
Lng nc hao ph do bc hi khong 936 m3/ngy s c b sung thng

xuyn. Cc cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh x l c tnh ton trong phn
3.3.1.3 (cht thi rn).
Chu trnh s dng nc cc khu vc ny nh sau (hnh 3.5):
B sung nc sch
B cha
Xng c gang
Xng c thp
B lng ng,
500m3
Than cc
Tun hon
B hp ph du,
200m3
- Cn vy st
ln du m
- Than cc
ln du m
Thp lm mt
Hnh 3.9: S quy trnh x l nc lm mt khun c v gang thi

d) Nc ma trn sn cng nghip
Nc ma trn sn cng nghip mang theo cc cht bn nh bi, t, du m s
to thnh dng nc nhim cn c kim sot.
Lng nc ma c tnh cho ngy c lng ma ln nht l khong
20.000m3/ngy, ch xy ra vo ma ma. Ti cc khu vc c nhiu kh nng gy
nhim nh bi x, bi qung, bi than, bi cha st vn, c thit k c b ngn v
c h thng thu nc ring x l trc khi thi vo h thng thot nc ma chung
ca nh my.
e) Nc thi sinh hot
Lng nc thi sinh hot c tnh trn s cn b v cng nhn ca nh my l
620 ngi, nh mc s dng nc sinh hot c ly bng 100 lt/ngi.ngy, gm
nc tm ra v sinh v nc s dng ti nh n ca. Lng nc thi (V thi) c tnh
bng 80% lng nc s dng.
Vnc thi = 120* 620 *0,8/1000 = 59,5 m3/ngy
66
Nc thi sinh hot s c thu gom theo h thng thu nc ring v x l bng
h thng b t hoi 3 ngn. Nc thi nh n ca c x l s b bng cc b ym kh.
Theo thng k, hu ht cc b t hoi nu c xy dng ng tiu chun mi ch x
l c 80% cc cht nhim hu c v cht dinh dng. Ti lng v nng ca
cc cht nhim trc v sau b t hoi c nu trong bng 3.17.
Bng 3.17: Ti lng v nng cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot [3]
Thng s
BOD5
COD
TSS
Du m TV
N - Tng
Amoni
nh mc thi
WHO
(g/ngi.ngy)
50
89
86
20
10
2,4
Ti lng
(g/ngy)
Nng
cha qua b
t hoi
(mg/l)
Nng sau
x l qua b
t hoi (mg/l)
TCVN
5945:2005
(ct B)
31.000,0
55.180,0
53.320,0
12.400,0
6.200,0
1.200,0
520,8
927,1
895,8
208,3
104,2
20,2
156,3
278,1
268,8
41,7
52,1
10,1
50
80
100
20
30
10
Nh vy, nc thi sinh hot sau b t hoi vn b nhim cn c x l tt

hn trc khi thi ra mi trng. Quy trnh x l nc thi sinh hot c xut
trong chng 4 ca bo co ny.
3.3.2.3. Cht thi rn
a) X l
- X l cao c thnh phn c bn l oxit, mui sunphat ca Ca, Mg v oxit ca
Al, Si, Mn, c tnh kim. Lng x c tnh ton gn ng nh sau:
mx = m qung kh + m tr dung + m tro than cc m F2O3 chuyn thnh gang
m CO2 phn hy t tr dung - m bi - m tp cht khc bay hi theo khi (2% phi
liu) = 421,3 tn/ngy, tng ng 153.763,8 tn/nm.
- X l thi xy c thnh phn ch yu l xit st v xit ca mt s kim loi
khc, Lng x l c tnh gn ng bng cng thc sau:
mx = mgang + mtr dung + mst vn - mphi thp- mbi
= 48,3 tn/ngy, tng ng 17.643 tn/nm
Lng x ny c tho nh k v lm ngui trc tip bng nc ti bi x. X
sau lm ngui c bo qun v bn cho cc nh my sn xut xi mng lm cht
ph gia.
b) Cn thi t h thng x l nc tun hon
- Cn x: c tnh 2,358 tn/ngy (0,5 % lng x)
Lng cn ny c no vt thng xuyn v x l cng vi x l
67
- Cn vy st nhim du m: c tnh 6,7 tn/ngy (1% khi lng sn phm).

- Than cc nhim du m: c tnh 500 kg/ngy.
Cn vy st v than cc nhim du m c trn ln vi qung sau thiu kt
x l trong l cao. Qua du m c t trn nhit 1.5000C, m bo khng
pht sinh cc kh nhim th cp.
c) Vt liu chu la thi
Lng vt liu chu la c thay th v thi nh k trong khi bo dng my
thiu kt, l cao v l thi xy do b bo mn. Lng thi khong 400 tn/nm (66%
lng s dng), c thu gom v c th bn cho cc c s sn xut lm nguyn liu
ti sinh.
d) Cht thi rn cng nghip khc
Cht thi rn cng nghip khc bao gm bao b, g vn, giy ln, c thu
gom hng ngy. Lng thi c tnh 150 kg/ngy, c tn thu bn ph liu.
e) Rc sinh hot:
Lng rc sinh hot c c tnh trn nh mc thi l 0,5 kg/ngi.ngy
Khi lng rc = 0,5 * 620 = 310 kg/ngy.
Lng rc ny c thu gom vo cc thng rc v tp trung vo bi rc, sau
thu ch ti bi rc tp trung ca khu cng nghip x l theo quy nh.
Bng 3.18: Tng hp cc cht thi rn cng nghip
St
t
Cht thi rn
n v
S
lng
X l
tn/ngy
469,6
Cn thi t h thng x l tun

hon nc lm mt trc tip
tn/ngy
2,358
Cn vy st nhim du m
tn/ngy
6,7
Than cc nhim du m
kg/ngy
500
Bin php x l
Bn cho cc nh my
sn xut xi mng lm
cht ph gia.
t trong l cao
Vt liu chu la
tn/nm
400
Bn lm nguyn liu
sn xut vt liu chu
la ti sinh
Cht thi cng nghip khc
kg/ngy
150
Tn thu bn ph liu
Rc thi sinh hot
kg/ngy
310
Thu x l ti bi rc
tp chung
Tng
tn/ngy
> 1800

Khng thi ra MT
68
3.3.2.4. Cc ngun thi khc

a) Kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn ra vo nh my
Ti lng cc cht thi pht sinh do hot ng vn chuyn c gii c tnh ton
tng i nh sau:
Tng khi lng vn chuyn bnh qun ra vo nh my trong ngy tnh tng
ng vi 2 ln khi lng nguyn, nhin liu vt liu u vo (gm c: qung st
1.232,9 tn, vi 157,7 tn, than cm 141 tn, lmit 82,7 tn, than cc 441,4 tn v
mt s cht khc) l khong 4.000 tn/ngy, c vn chuyn bng xe ti c ti trng
bnh qun l 20 tn. S lng lt vn chuyn d tnh nh sau:
S lt xe = 2 * 4.000/20 = 400 lt /ngy = 25 xe/h (vn chuyn 16gi/ngy)
Chiu di trung bnh on ng c mt phng tin vn chuyn cao ca d
n c tnh 30 km bt u t cng nh my. Mc pht thi ti khu vc c mt xe
ln nht c tnh trong bng 3.19.
Bng 3.19: Ti lng nhim ca cc phng tin vn ti trn qu ng trung
bnh 30 km [6]
n v
Loi ng c
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
tnh
nh mc thi ca xe
g/km.xe
4,3
7,26S
18,2
7,3
5,8
diezen > 16 tn
Tng ti lng, E
mg/s.m
0,011
0,003
0,126
0,051
0,040
Trong : S l hm lng lu hunh c trong du DO, S =0,05%
n gin c th p dng cng thc tnh nng cc cht nhim khong

cch nht nh v pha cui hng gi theo cng thc sau [6]:
Cx =
2E
2 . z .u
E: Ti lng cht nhim, mg/m.s

z: H s khuch tn theo phng vung gc vi mt t, m
u: Tc gi kh quyn (m), ly u = 3m
x: Khong cch t l ng (m).
Bng 3.20: Mc gia tng nhim kh thi ti cc im c khong cch x (2
bn ng giao thng) trong trng hp nhit khng kh 350C, tc gi 3m/s
Khong cch x
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
z (m)
3
3
3
3
(m)
(mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m ) (mg/m3)
3,3002
0,00071 0,00016 0,00813 0,00326 0,00259
1
3,3036
0,00071 0,00016 0,00812 0,00326 0,00259
5
69
10
15
20
25
TCVN
5937:2005
3,3140
3,3307
3,3537
3,3828
0,00071
0,00071
0,00070
0,00070
0,00016
0,00016
0,00016
0,00016
0,00810
0,00806
0,00800
0,00793
0,00325
0,00323
0,00321
0,00318
0,00258
0,00257
0,00255
0,00253
0,30
0,35
0,20
10,0
5,0
Nh vy, ngay cc khong cch gn nht, khng kh hai bn ng cng khng

b nhim do khi thi ca cc phng tin giao thng ca nh my. Tuy nhin, cht
lng ng Quc l 2 cn km, c nhiu ch xung cp nn nng bi khi c
phng tin vn ti chy qua c th t > 0,5mg/m3. Nng ny cao hn tiu chun
cho php i vi khng kh xung quanh (khu vc dn c)
Trong phm vi nh my, hot ng ca cc phng tin bc xc, nh ng
nguyn vt liu, x l, cng pht thi cc cht nhim (bi v kh thi), nhng
khng gian pht tn khng ln, ch gii hn trong phm vi nh my.
b) My pht in d phng
Hai my pht in ca d n c cng sut 200 KVA, dng ra 3 pha 380/220 V,
s dng nhin liu diezen (DO), nh mc tiu th nhin liu 24 lt/h/my (tng
ng ng c >16 tn). Tng lng nhin liu s dng l 48 lt/h, tng ng 47,04
kg/h. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi c tnh ton nh sau.
Bng 3.21: Ti lng nhim ca cc phng tin vn ti trn qu ng trung
bnh 30km [6]
n v
Loi ng c
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
VOCs
tnh
nh mc thi ca xe
g/kg
4,3
20S
50
20
16
diezen > 16 tn [3]
Tng ti lng, E
mg/s
56,19
13,1
653,33
261,33 209,07
172,3
2.003,4
Nng , C
mg/Nm3
40,04
798,14 641,11
1
4
Tng lng khi thi
Nm3/h
1.174
Trong : S l hm lng lu hunh c trong du DO, S =0,05% (theo quy nh
v tiu chun du DO cung cp trn th trng Vit Nam)
Khi vn hnh my pht in d phng s pht thi mt lng s cht nhim l
bi v kh thi. Tuy nhin, do mc s dng nhin liu nh v ch s dng khi mt in
li (rt t dng) nn tc ng n mi trng khng ng k.
d) My sn xut xy
My sn xut xy t khng kh hot ng theo nguyn l ha lng bay hi phn
on. Qu trnh hot ng khng thi ra kh thi c hi. Tuy nhin, do hot ng
70
trong iu kin p sut cao nn cn phng i vi s c chy n gy hu qu

nghim trng.
e) Cht thi nguy hi
Cht thi nguy hi ca d n gm c cc loi v thng du m; du m thi trong
khi thay du cho cc phng tin vn ti v bc xc, my mc thit b sn xut, my
pht in v trm h th; gi lau my dnh du, c quy hngv.v. Ngoi ra cn c cc
cht thi t vn phng nh hp mc in, thit b in t, bng n hunh quang hng,
v.v.
Bng 3.22: D bo khi lng cht thi nguy hi ca nh my
Stt
Loi cht thi

Du m thi t xe, my
n v
S lng
Kg/thng
2.500
Kg/thng
200
Kg/thng
100
Kg/thng
20
50
Hp mc in, thit b in t hng Kg/thng

Du bin th cha PCBs
Kg/nm
Cht thi nguy hi khc
Kg/thng
50
Tng s
Kg/thng
2.920
1
2
3
4
5
c quy thi
Gi lau my
Bng n hunh quang hng
Ngun pht sinh

Phng tin, my
nh ng, lm mt
thit b,
Phng tin, my
nh ng,
Bo dng xe, my
H thng chiu
sng, vn phng
Vn phng
Trm bin th, my
pht in
Cc khu vc khc
50
Cc loi cht thi nguy hi ny s c thu gom v x l theo quy nh i vi

cht thi nguy hi ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (Thng t s 12/2006/TTBTNMT, ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng).
3.3.3. Cc tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi
3.3.3.1. Ting n
Trong qu trnh sn xut cc ngun pht sinh ting n ch yu l cc phng tin
vn ti, bc xc, nh ng nguyn vt liu, h thng qut thng gi, qut ht, qut
thi gi cho cc l luyn gang, luyn thp, h thng cu trc vn chuyn gang, thp,
Bng 3.23: Mc n ca mt s ngun nh sau [6]
Mi trng, i tng gy n
t vn ti hng nng
Khong cch
o (m)
8

Mc n
(dBA)
90
TCVN
5948:1998
90
71
Phn xng c gang, thp

My i nh ng nguyn, nhin liu
Qut cng nghip loi ln (>500w)
Trong xng
15
5
100
93
87
90
-
Nhn chung, ting n gn cc i tng pht sinh u vt tiu chun cho

php, nh hng n sc khe ngi lao ng. Nh my s c bin php gim thiu
tc ng ny. Mc n o bn ngoi hng ro nh my ch t 60 65 dBA. Nh vy,
mi trng xung quanh khng b tc ng bi ting n sn xut ca nh my.
3.3.3.2. Tc ng n sinh thi, cnh quan v vi kh hu
Hot ng ca d n s gy tc ng nht nh ti thu hp khng gian sng ca
ng thc vt bn a, h sinh thi khu vc. V vy, Ch d n s c bin php
gim thiu tc ng ny.
Qu trnh sn xut ca nh my tiu th mt lng nhin liu ln, s pht tn
nhit ch nh hng ti nhit khng kh trong phm vi 100 m t ngun sinh nhit
(my thiu kt, l cao, l gi nng, l thi xy,). Nhng do nh my xa khu dn
c, khng gian thong nn tc ng ca nhit n mi trng xung quanh khng
ng k.
3.3.2.3. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t, x hi
Khi nh my i vo hot ng s s dng khong 620 lao ng, trong c
khong 400 l cc lao ng trc tip c trnh v tay ngh trung bnh, s lao ng
ny d kin ly t ngun lao ng a phng trn c s c o to ti cc trng
k thut hoc trc tip ti nh my. S lao ng cn li l cc chuyn gia, cn b qun
l ca Trung Quc v Vit Nam, cc k s, lao ng c tay ngh cao c thu ht t
a phng v cc tnh ln cn. Nh vy, nh my s gp phn to vic lm c thu
nhp n nh cho nhn dn a phng, thu ht v gi chn lc lng lao ng cao
cp cho tnh, gp phn ci thin cht lng v phn b lao ng ca a phng.
Vic tp trung mt lng ln lao ng s l c hi cho cc ngnh kinh doanh v
dch v pht trin, ci thin mi trng u t v hin i ha th x Tuyn Quang.
3.3.4. D bo nhng ri ro v s c trong qu trnh nh my hot ng
3.3.4.1. S c do k thut gy chy n:
Cc s c k thut c th xy ra khi nh my i vo hot ng thng l cc s
c v in c th gy chy n; cc s c v my mc thit b nh hng qut thng gi,
ht bi, h thng lc bi, h thng bm nc lm mt, gy nh tr sn xut v tc
ng xu n mi trng.
Cc s c lin quan n h thng x l bi v kh thi c th lm nhim mi
trng khng kh xung quanh trong phm vi bn knh n 2 km theo chiu gi.
72
S c r r v pht tn kh CO trn h thng vn chuyn kh l cao (CO) n l

gi nng v my pht in, c th gy c i vi cng nhn cc khu vc ny
hoc gy chy n khi khng kim sot c nng , nhit nh xng hoc khi gp
tia la in, c th gy nhng thit hi nghim trng v sc khe, tnh mng cng
nhn v ti sn ca cng ty. Ngoi ra, cc khu vc cha than, du cng l nhng ni
d xy ra chy n.
V vy, ch D n xy dng phng n phng chng, thot him v cc quy
nh, cnh bo nhng ni tim n nguy c chy n phng trnh v ng ph i vi
loi s c ny (xem chng 4).
3.3.4.3. S c do thin tai
Nh my c xy dng khu vc c a hnh cao hn xung quanh, trong Nh
my lun cha mt khi lng kim loi ln v h thng thit b ch yu lm bng vt
liu kim loi, nn khi c ma dng c th xy ra cc s c do st.
Ch D n d kin u t xy dng h thng chng st an ton v xy dng
cc quy nh, cnh bo ngi lao ng trnh nhng ni c nguy c xy ra st nh
phng trnh tai nn khi c dng bo (chng 4).
D n nm trong khu vc t gy sng L, thuc vng c cp ng t t 5 n
7,5 Richter (Theo ti liu ca Vin Vt l a cu, Vin KH-CN Vit Nam). Khi xy
ra ng t, cc cng trnh l luyn kim v nh xng c th b , v gy hu qu
nghim trng v ngi v kinh t.
phng trnh v hn ch thit hi do ng t, cc cng trnh ca d n s
c xy dng kin c theo quy chun v cp ng t khu vc.
3.3.4.4. Tai nn lao ng
Luyn kim l ngnh cng nghip nng nhc v c hi, cc tai nn lao ng c
th xy ra l ng t trn cao xung, b vt nng ln ngi, bng, ngt do lm
vic lu trong vng nhit cao (c bit khu vc cc l luyn kim v sn c) hoc
ng c do kh l cao r r. Cc s c ny c th gy ra cc bnh ngh nghip, nh
hng xu n sc khe v c tnh mng ca ngi lao ng.
Ch D n xy dng ni quy an ton lao ng, phng y t v c k hoch
hng dn cng nhn s cu ngi b nn ngay ti nh my v a n bnh vin
sm nht.
3.4. CC PHNG PHP S DNG TRONG NH GI
a) Phng php k tha:
S dng cc ti liu c v c cng b ca khu vc nghin cu:
- Ti liu v iu kin t nhin, kinh t, x hi khu vc,
73
- Ti liu v D n.
b) Phng php kho st v ly mu; th nghim phn tch mu th nghim:
Cc mu nh gi hin trng mi trng c ly ti khu vc D n ngy
21/05/2008, xc nh hm lng cc cht nhim mi trng khi D n cha hot
ng.
c) Phng php tng t:
S dng tham kho mt s kt qu nh gi tc ng mi trng ti cc c
s hot ng ngnh tng t kt hp vi iu kin mi trng v t nhin d bo
tc ng mi trng ca D n trong tng lai.
d) Phng php m hnh ha:
S dng cc m hnh chun ca Gauss tnh ton pht thi t cc ngun
nhim chnh ca Nh my.
nh gi mc tin cy ca cc phng php s dng:
Cc phng php s dng trong nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n l cc
phng php ph bin, c chnh xc v tin cy.
3.5. TNG HP CC NGUN THI CA NH MY CN C KIM SOT,
GIM THIU
T cc kt qu nh gi tc ng mi trng trn cho thy cc ngun thi v s
c cn c kim sot v phng trnh trong qu trnh trin khai D n l:
a) Trong giai on xy dng:
- Nc ma trn cng trng xy dng.
- Cht thi nguy hi.
- Bi trn cc on ng vn ti qua khu dn c.
- Tc ng do ma bo c th gy trt l, ngp ng, sp cc cng trnh.
b) Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my:
- Khi thi l cao (sau l gi nng) c hm lng SO2 cao.
- Nc thi cha du m cng nghip.
- Cht thi nguy hi
- Cht thi sinh hot
- Cc s c mi trng v tai nn lao ng
Cc phng php gim thiu v kim sot cc ngun thi s c trnh by
chng 4.
74
Chng 4- BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU PHNG NGA V NG

PH S C MI TRNG
4.1. PHNG HNG

Trn c s cc kt qu nh gi tc ng mi trng, Ch d n ch trng thc
hin cc bin php gim thiu mc pht thi trong tng cng on sn xut, x l tt
cc ngun cht thi m bo x thi an ton i vi mi trng, nhm s dng tit
kim cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin, pht trin bn vng.
4.2. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM MI TRNG
4.2.1. Bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng
4.2.1.1. Cc bin php qun l
- Lp t qun l mi trng gim st cht ch vic thc hin cc quy nh v
bo v mi trng.
- Thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh thi
cng. C th:
+ Quy hoch mt bng sn xut hp l c ch ti cc yu t mi trng.
+ Lp k hoch thi cng ph hp c tnh n iu kin kh tng ca khu vc
gim thiu cc tc ng do thi tit bt thng gy ra.
+ Quy nh c th v vic thu gom, phn loi v s dng trit cht thi xy
dng nhm gim thiu lng cht thi rn.
+ Thc hin nghim chnh cc quy nh an ton trong xy dng v vn ti.
4.2.1.2. Cc bin php k thut
a) Gim thiu tc ng ca nc ma trn cng trng
Trc khi san lp mt bng, cc khu vc tip gip gia t ca d n vi xung
quanh s c p b ngn bng t, khng cho nc ma cun theo t ct thot t
nhin ra xung quanh hoc trc tip vo cc ngun nc mt.
Hng thot nc ma l khu vc t trng pha Nam ca khu t, s c
quy hoch xy dng thnh h nc ca khu cng nghip sau ny. Ti y, nc ma
s c lng trong ri thot ra sui K Lm qua ngng trn.
Bin php tch cc hn l b tr cng on thi cng san lp mt bng vo ma
kh gim tc ng ca nc ma khi mt bng cha c gia c bng b tng hoc
nha ng.

75
b) Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn

i vi cht thi rn xy dng: Tn thu lm ph liu hoc vt liu san lp, m
bo v sinh mi trng v m quan cho khu vc. Cc cht thi l vt liu xy dng d
tha (gch vn, vi va, g, nha st thp), c x l nh sau:
- Tn dng ht gch v, vi va, b tng lm vt liu san lp mt bng, khng
ra ngoi khu vc cng trng,
- Cc loi ph thi khc nh giy, nha, st thp vn s c thu gom trit v
bn cho cc c s thu mua ph liu.
i vi rc sinh hot trn cng trng:
Thu gom v cha trong cc thng rc c np bo v, hng ngy thu gom x l ti
ch bng phng php t hp v sinh, hoc thu cc n c chc nng vn chuyn v
x l theo quy nh.
4.2.1.3. Cht thi nguy hi trong cng on thi cng
Cc loi du m thi (t hot ng bo dng xe, my), gi lau my dnh du,
bnh c quy thi v.v thuc loi cc cht thi nguy hi. Tng lng thi d kin
trong thi gian xy dng c bn l t 1 2 tn. D n s c bin php qun l, x l
ng theo quy nh ca Nh nc v cht thi nguy hi v c ng k ch ngun cht
thi nguy hi ngay t khi bt u trin khai xy dng, theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/QBTNMT, ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
Rc nguy hi s c phn loi ngay ti ngun v cha trong cc thng cha,
m bo cch ly vi mi trng, sau thu n v chuyn x l cht thi nguy hi
theo quy nh ti Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT, ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng.

76
4.2.2. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim trong giai on nh my i vo hot

ng
4.2.2.1. X l kh thi nhim SO2 t khi l cao
Kh SO2 trong khi l cao sau l gi nng (trc khi thi ra mi trng qua ng
khi) s c x l bng phng php hp th. Dung dch hp th l sa vi. Phn
ng hp th nh sau:
SO2 + O2 (khng kh) + H2O
H2SO4 + CaCO3
= H2SO4
= CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Quy trnh cng ngh x l SO2 nh sau (hnh 4.1):
khi ra
5
Khng kh
1
Khi vo
4
2
Bt (sa vi)
3
Hnh 4.1: S b tr thit b x l SO2
(1- Scrub, 2- b tch cn, 3- thng khuy dung dch hp th, 4- Bm dung dch,
5- my nn kh)
M t quy trnh c l SO2:
- Kh thi cha SO2 c dn vo thp ra kh (1) Scrub c lp m rng,
dung. Dung dch sa vi (hoc nc vi trong Ca(OH)2) c phun dng sng,
ngc chiu vi hng ca lung kh thi. Phn ng hp th SO 2 din ra trong
1-2 giy.
- Kh thi sau x l thot theo ng khi pha trn thp ra kh; dung dch ri
xung pha di thp; thch cao, canxi sunfit, bt vi d v tro bi lng y b
lng tun hon (2).
77
- Nc t b lng tun hon c b sung thm bt (hoc sa vi) trong thng

khuy trn (3) v bm tr li phun cho thp hp th bng bm (4).
- Khng kh c ha trn vo dung dch hp th bng my nn (5) cung cp
xi cho phn ng xi ha sunfit thnh sunfat.
Thng s thit k:
- Lu lng khi nng trc khi x l (3200C) cn x l: 143.454 m3/h
- Lu lng khi ngui sau khi x l (800C) l: 85.395 m3/h
- Thi gian lu khi: 2- 3,0 s, (tng th tch rng ca thp hp th l 75 m3)
- S thp: 2; ng knh: 2m; chiu cao 6m; rng 50%
- Vn tc khi trong thit b: 1,8- 3 m/s
- pH ca dung dch: 8
- Lng dung dch sa vi: 1,3 1,6 l/m3
- Nng vi: 2,0 2,5 g/l dung dch
Nhu cu bt :
Hiu sut x l yu cu l trn 90% ti lng SO2, lng bt cn c tnh
nh sau:
MCaCO3 = 1,2 x 90% x100 x MSO2 /64 = 1,2 x 0,9 x 100 x 18,79/64
= 31,7 g/s = 114,12 kg/h
(1,2 l h s an ton)
Cn kt ta sau phn ng hp th, thch cao v mt phn bt vi. y l cht
thi khng c hi c th x l chn lp cng vi cht thi rn khc ca d n.
Mcn = 136*MCaCO3/100 = 136 x 114,12/100= 155,2 kg/h = 3,72 tn/ngy.
Dung dch hp th c s dng tun hon v thng xuyn b sung thm lng
nc tht thot do bc hi. H thng khng thi ra nc thi.
4.2.2.2 Chng bi, n, rung
- B tr nh vn phng v nh n ca trnh cc hng pht tn ca cc ngun bi
t cc ng khi, khu vc bi cha nguyn nhin liu, khu vc ch bin qung sng v
qung thiu kt.
- Lp thit b gim thanh cho cc qut gi, m bo mc n trong nh my <
90dBA.
- nh k bo dng h thng thit b, trong qu trnh vn hnh, thng xuyn
kim tra m bo cn bng v tnh trng tt ca my mc, thit b.
78
- Trng nhiu cy trong v xung quanh nh my.

- X dng xe phun nc ti m hn ch bi trn ng giao thng ni b v
ng dn nh my.
4.2.2.3. X l nc thi sinh hot
Lng nc thi sinh hot tnh ton khong 60 m3/ngy s c x l bng hai
bc: k kh (b t hoi) v hiu kh. Nng cht nhim sau khi qua b t hoi
cn li khong 20% lng cht nhim hu c (bng 3.17) s c x l tip qua
knh sinh hc (hnh 4.2) t tiu chun x thi.
Knh sinh hc sau b t hoi c cu to nh sau: Kch thc knh c tnh ton
theo lu lng thi thc t sao cho nc lu thng ngm ti b mt ca vt liu lc
trong knh. Knh c xy chng thm, c nhiu ngn, c b tr theo hnh ch
chi hoc ng thng (ty thuc vo iu kin mt bng thc t); vt liu lc l ct
th v si nh, pha trn lp ct si trng cc loi thc vt thy sinh c kh nng hp
th hu c cao.
Knh sinh hc s c hon nguyn nh k bng cch thay vt liu lc v sinh
khi ca lp thc vt thy sinh. y l loi cht thi khng c hi, c th s dng
lm phn bn nng nghip.
Nc sau b t hoi
Sc kh
Hnh 4.2: S knh lc sinh hc

4.2.2.4. Cc bin php phng nga v ng ph vi s s mi trng
a) Gii php an ton thit b:
Do c th ca qu trnh sn xut luyn kim, vic kim tra, bo dng, cc thit
b nng h, thit b p lc v mt s cc thit b c bit khc s c kim nh theo
quy nh ca Cc kim tra cht lng v o lng Quc gia.
- Thc hin vic la chn cc thit b in, vt liu in phng m, phng ho v
phng bi ph hp, hot ng tt, m bo an ton. Cc v thit b in phi c
tip t.
- Cc thit b c bit quan trng nh qut gi, my ti xe liu,... s c lp
thit b an ton nh: Bo v qu ti, bo v nhit cao, bi trn v lm ngui. Xe kp
v h thng thit b phi liu phi c cng tc cc hn; cu trc phi lp tn hiu m

79
thanh v nh sng, thit b gim xung; nhng ni nguy him trong Nh my phi
treo bin cnh bo.
- nh k o kim cc thng s k thut i vi ton b h thng thit b
phng trnh cc s c trong luyn kim.
- Kim tra, bo dng thng xuyn hot ng ca h thng x l khi thi, h
thng vn chuyn kh l cao m bo hot ng lin tc, an ton v hiu qu.
b) Gii chng chy n, chng st
* Cc gii php k thut:
- Cc cng trnh nh xng c thit k m bo thng gi tt (kt hp t
nhin, thng gi cng bc), nh sng.
- B tr cc cng c v thit b cha chy cc v tr ph hp vi yu cu quy
phm v phng chng chy n (c phng n PCCC chi tit c cc c quan chc
nng duyt).
Ti cc khu vc tim tng cc nguy c d gy chy n (trm in, khu vc l,
cc kho cha vt liu d chy) s c trang b cc thit b PCCC c bit nh h
thng d bo nguy c chy n (do r r kh l hay do mt s s c k thut), ca thot
him, cc hng nc cha chy ln v.v
- Thc hin cc bin php phng chng n kh l cao v s c ngt do kh than:
+ Lp ng h p lc kh v thit b bo ng cc v tr cn thit.
+ Trang b my cu sinh, thit b kim tra nng kh than cc v tr cn a
ngi vo thao tc.
- Cc cng trnh nh xng u c lp thit b chng st m bo k thut an
ton.
- H thng giao thng ni b ca Nh my c thit k hp l v rng cho
cc hot ng vn ti v cu ha d dng tip cn vi cc khu vc xy ra chy.
- C k hoch bo v cc cng trnh trc ma ma bo.
* T chc phng chy cha chy tt:
- Tuyn chn v o to cng nhn lnh ngh, nm vng quy trnh cng ngh,
thao tc k thut thun thc, c thc trch nhim cao, m bo an ton trong
sn xut.
- Lp phng n, t chc PCCC vi cc ni dung v ni quy, cc phng thc
cnh bo, bo ng, phng n chng chy, s PCCC v thot him v.v c
ph duyt trc khi nh my hot ng.
- cc v tr lao ng d c nguy c xy ra chy n cng nhn s c trang b
bnh cu ho c nhn.
80
c) Cc bin php an ton v bo v sc khe cho ngi lao ng.

- m bo trang b v ng cc cng c, thit b lao ng cho tng v tr v
cng vic ca cng nhn.
- Trang b bo h lao ng v ph hp vi tng v tr lm vic ca cng nhn
(khu trang, gng tay, giy, ng, qun o bo h, dy an ton, mt n phng c, my
cu sinh )
- Cc khu vc tc nghip trn cao u c sn thao tc, cu thang, lan can m bo
tiu chun an ton; b tr hp l cc li i trong khng gian cng nghip.
- Thc hin cc bin php chng bc x t cc l luyn kim nh:
+ m bo cch nhit v lm mt tt i vi cc v l;
+ Thit k thng gi c bit (thng gi cng bc cng sut cao) cc khu
vc trc l, sn c.
+ Bt l ra gang l cao bng sng bn bn t xa.
+ Cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc trc l v my c c trang b bo h
lao ng chuyn dng.
- C Phng y t kp thi cp cu khi c tai nn lao ng xy ra,
- ng bo him y t, bo him thn th v bo him nhn th cho ngi lao
ng, c bit l ngi lao ng trc tip ti cc khu vc pht sinh nhim.
- nh k hng nm t chc khm sc khe, bnh ngh nghip cho cng nhn;
- C ch bi dng c hi, iu dng v ngh ngi cho cho cn b, cng
nhn Nh my.
d) Cc bin php kim sot an ton
- Thnh lp cc i chuyn trch v an ton v sinh lao ng, bo v mi trng
v phng chng bo lt, c hng dn thao tc thnh tho cc thit b PCCC v nm
vng cc ni dung cn gim st, c kh nng x l nhanh khi c s c xy ra.
- Xy dng mng li an ton v v sinh MT n tng cc t lao ng thng
xuyn gim st cc vi phm v cc nguy c an ton chy n v mi trng.
- T chc mng li thng tin ni b bng in thoi, my b m cc v tr
cn thit, m bo thng tin nhanh nht khi c cc s c.
- Ngoi ra, Cng ty s thc hin kim tra nh gi li v tay ngh nh k theo
quy nh ca ngnh v 6 thng mt ln tin hnh nh gi v vic tun th cc quy
nh v bo v mi trng, v sinh an ton lao ng vi cc quy nh x pht, khen
thng c th. ra cc mc x pht nghim i vi cc trng hp b pht hin l
khng thc hin cc quy nh v s dng bo h lao ng v cc ni quy ca an ton
v bo v mi trng ca nh my d l nh nht.
81

Chng 5 CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V
MI TRNG
Vi nh hng pht trin bn vng, Cng ty Lin doanh khong nghip Hng
Nguyn cam kt s thc hin nghim tc cc bin php gim thiu tc ng mi
trng ra trong bo co ny.
5.1. NHNG CAM KT CHUNG
1) Thc hin y nhng quy nh v bo v mi trng ca php lut hin
hnh. Hp tc cht ch vi cc c quan chc nng trong vic thanh kim tra, theo di
v gim st mi trng trong khu vc D n ngay t khi bt u trin khai.
2) Lp h s, ng k ch ngun thi cc cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh ti
thng t 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng.
3) Khng s dng cc loi ho cht trong danh mc cm ca Vit Nam v trong
cc cng c quc t m Vit Nam tham gia;
4) m bo cc ngun thi t cc tiu chun bt buc v mi trng sau y:
+ TCVN 5939-2005 (Kp= 0,8; Kv=1,4): Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun kh
thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht vi c.
+ TCVN 5945-2005: Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun thi.
+ n : TCVN 5949-1998: m hc Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c
Mc n ti a cho php.
+ 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng c ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B Y t.
5) Lun sn sng v lc lng v cng c cho cc phng n x l nhanh cc s
c c th xy ra nh chy n hoc thin tai.
6) Chu hon ton trch nhim trc php lut Vit Nam nu vi phm cc cng
c Quc t, cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam, cc quy nh bo v mi trng
ca tnh Tuyn Quang v bi thng thit hi v mi trng do cc s c gy ra.
5.2. NHNG CAM KT C TH
5.2.1. Trong giai on xy dng c bn
- Tun th cc quy nh v bo v mi trng trong xy dng c bn v vn
chuyn vt liu nh: Cc phng tin vn ti trang b thit b che chn tt, khng
bi, vt liu ri vi gy nh hng ln ti mi trng; khng vt liu xy dng cn
tr cc hot ng xung quanh;
82
- Phun nc thng xuyn, m bo m cn thit trn cc on ng vn

chuyn gn cc khu vc dn c chng nhim bi;
- Thu gom, phn loi v x l trit v ng quy nh cc cht thi thng v
nguy hi.
- Thc hin nghim ngt ni quy v an ton lao ng, phng chy cha chy;
chun b cc iu kin sn sng ng cu kp thi cc s c, ri ro mi trng v phng
trnh thin tai.
- Xy dng cc cng trnh x l cht thi cho cng trng trc khi D n i vo
hot ng.
5.2.2. Trong qu trnhh d n hot ng
- Thc hin phn loi ti ngun cc loi cht thi rn cng nghip v rc sinh
hot; ng k ch ngun thi nguy hi;
- X l an ton v ng quy nh i vi tng loi rc;
- m bo vic xy dng v vn hnh c hiu qu cc cng trnh x l nc thi
cng nghip, cht thi dng bi, kh ca Nh my.
- Thc hin cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng ph hp vi c im ca
ngnh luyn kim; phng chng cc s c k thut, chy n trong Nh my.
- Trng cy bng mt (keo, bng lng,) xung quanh hng ro v cc v tr c
th trong nh my, m bo din tch bng mt trn 20% din tch t d n.
- Thc hin y nhng quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng; kt hp
vi S ti nguyn v Mi trng Tuyn Quang trong vic kim tra, gim st mi
trng khu vc Nh my theo cc quy nh hin hnh.

83

Chng 6- CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
6.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG

Bng 6.1. Danh mc cc cng trnh x l mi trng
TT
Ni dung
n v
Khi lng
H thng x l bi t khi l thiu kt (bung

lng trng lc, hiu sut x l = 60 %, xiclon
chm, hiu sut x l = 90% ), cng sut
160.000 m3/h
m3/h
160.000
H thng x l bi ti vi t khu phi trn v

np liu l cao, lc ti vi, hiu sut x l 99%,
cng sut 10.500 m3/h
m3/h
10.500
H thng ra kh SO2 t khi ca l gi nng

my pht in chy bng kh l cao, hiu sut x
l >50%, cng sut 80.000 m3/h
m3/h
90.000
H thng lc bi ti vi chu nhit t khi l thi

xy, hiu sut x l 99,8%, cng sut 2.000 m3/h
H thng lc bi ti vi khu vc ch bin qung

sng v cht tr dung, cng sut 24000 m3/h, hiu
sut 99%.
m3/h
12.000
H thng lc bi ti vi khu vc ch bin than

cc, cng sut 8.000 m3/h, hiu sut x l 99%.
m3/h
8.000,0
H thng lc bi ti vi khu vc ch bin qung

thiu kt, cng sut 24.000m3/h, hiu sut x l
99,7%.
m3/h
24.000
H thng x l nc thi sinh hot, cng sut 70

m3/ngy
m3/h
70
H thng thu gom v x l nc ma ti khu vc

cha nguyn liu ngoi tri v bi cha x 300 m3
m3
300
10
Cc thng cha rc thi sinh hot
thng
11
H lng nc ma trc khi x ra sui K Lm

dung tch 2.000 m3
m3
12
H thng thng gi, chng nng cc xng sn

xut, 25.000 m2 xng
m2
13
H thng cy xanh c tng din tch bng mt l

40.000 m2 (20% tng din tch t d n), mi cy
c din tch bng mt trung bnh l 20 m2.
Cy
2000
14
Xe phun nc chuyn dng
Xe
01

m3/h
2.000
2.000
25.000
84
6.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG

T vic xc nh r trch nhim v mc tiu qun l mi trng, m bo
theo di st cc din bin mi trng trong qu trnh trin khai d n, Ban lnh o
Nh my xut chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng i vi nh my
Vic gim st mi trng trong qu trnh trin khai d n nhm kim sot cc ngun
thi c tc ng ti mi trng ( c nh gi chng 3) m bo an ton v mi
trng i vi khu vc trong hng ro nh my v xung quanh.
6.2.1. Cc bin php qun l v nng cao nhn thc v mi trng
a) Ph bin cho c quan thc hin vic xy dng nh my v nhng bt buc
phi thc hin nhng quy nh v cng tc bo v mi trng trong giai on xy
dng. C cn b chuyn trch ca Cng ty gim st vic thc hin ny ca c quan thi
cng xy dng.
m bo cc hot ng gim st mi trng cht ch, Cng ty d kin thnh
lp Ban bo v mi trng cho nh my. Nhn s ca cc ban ny c b tr nh sau:
- Mt ngi ph trch: C trch nhim gim st hot ng ca cc t cng tc
mi trng v gii quyt cc vn v mi trng trong nh my; tp hp cc s liu
phn tch, o c v cht lng mi trng nh k theo quy nh; phi hp vi cc c
quan chc nng ph trch mi trng ca a phng gii quyt nhng vn v
mi trng gia d n v a phng.
- T vn hnh cc h thng x l mi trng c 03 ngi, trong 02 ngi vn
hnh h thng x l bi v 01 ngi cho h thng x l nc thi;
- T v sinh mi trng c 5 ngi: m nhim vic thu gom, phn loi v x
l rc trong khu vc nh my, khng ra xung quanh.
b) nh ra kinh ph thng xuyn cho vic duy tr cc hot ng bo v mi
trng, m bo cc cng trnh x l cht thi lun hot ng tt trong sut qu trnh
hot ng ca nh my.
c) Thc hin cc quy nh v gim st, bo v mi trng theo s hng dn v
kim sot ca c quan qun l v MT ca trung ng v a phng.
6.2.2. Ni dung gim st mi trng
Vic gim st mi trng D n c tin hnh ngay khi nh my khi ng,
nhm kim sot cc ngun thi v tc ng ti mi trng ca chng, t iu chnh
cc bin php x l, bo v ph hp v hiu qu, m bo an ton v mi trng i
vi khu vc trong tng ro Nh my v xung quanh.

85
Vic gim st mi trng s do i chuyn trch v mi trng v v sinh an

ton lao ng m nhim c s kt hp vi c quan qun l mi trng ca a
phng.
Chng trnh quan trc mi trng c nu bng 6.2. V tr cc im quan
trc trong hng ro nh my nu trong s 6.1, cc v tr quan trc ngoi hng ro
nh my tng ng vi cc v tr ( KK5) trong s 2.1.
Bng 6.2: Chng trnh quan trc mi trng
V tr gim st
Ch tiu gim st
St
t
A Mi trng khng kh (11 im)
1
Khu vc xng thiu kt
ng khi my thiu kt (2 ng
khi)
Khu vc l cao, c gang
4
5
6
7
ng khi l cao
Phn xng luyn thp
Khu vc cha nguyn liu
Khu vc ch bin nguyn liu
Khu vc cha v ch bin than
cc
Khu vc x l nc thi sinh
hot
Khu vc tp kt cht thi rn
Khu vc tm cha cht thi
nguy hi
Khu vc tp kt sn phm
ng giao thng ni b nh
my
Ngoi tng ro, cch nh my
50 m
Ngoi tng ro, cch nh my
1.000 m theo hng gi ch
o
Mi trng nc (01 im)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
B
1
Cng thi cui ca nh my
Tn sut
Nhit , bi, ting n, kh thi

(CO, SO2, NO2)
Bi, kh thi (CO, SO2, NOx)
Nhit , ting n, bi, kh thi
(CO, SO2, NO2,)
Hm lng bi, mc n
Hm lng bi, mc n
Hm lng bi, mc n
3 thng/ln
Kim tra an ton

Kim tra an ton
Kim tra an ton
Hm lng bi, mc n
Bi, ting n, kh thi (CO,SO2,
NO2, Hydrocacbon)
NO2, Hydrocacbon)
NO2, Hydrocacbon)
pH, TSS, BOD, COD, N Tng ,

P tng, Cu, Pb, Fe, Cr, du m
khong, coliform.

6 thng/ln
3 thng/ln
86
Hnh 6.1. S v tr gim st mi trng

87
Chng 7- D TON KINH PH CHO QUN L MI TRNG
1. Chi ph u t xy dng h thng thit b x l cht thi

Bng 7.1. D ton kinh ph cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng
TT
Ni dung
H thng x l bi t khi l
thiu kt (bung lng trng
1 lc, HS = 60 %, xiclon chm
l HS = 90% ), cng sut
160.000 m3/h
H thng x l bi ti vi t
khu phi trn v np liu l
2
cao, lc ti vi, HS 99%, cng
sut 10.500 m3/h
H thng ra kh SO2 t khi
ca l gi nng my pht
3 in chy bng kh l cao,
HS>50%, cng sut 80.000
m3/h
H thng lc bi ti vi chu
4 nhit t khi l thi xy, HS
99,8%, cng sut 2.000 m3/h
H thng lc bi ti vi khu
vc ch bin qung sng v
5
cht tr dung, cng sut 24000
m3/h, hiu sut 99%.
vc ch bin than cc, cng
6
sut 8.000 m3/h, hiu sut
99%.
vc ch bin qung thiu kt,
7
cng sut 24.000m3/h, hiu
sut 99,7%.
8 H thng x l nc 3thi sinh
hot, cng sut 70 m /ngy
H thng thu gom v x l
nc ma ti khu vc cha
9
nguyn liu ngoi tri v bi
cha x 300 m3
Cc thng cha rc thi sinh
10
hot
(n v: triu ng)
n gi
Gi thnh
(1000 )
(1000 ng)
n
v
Khi
lng
m3/h
160.000
25,50
4.080.000,0
m3/h
10.500
34,00
357.000,0
m3/h
90.000
15,64
1.407.600,0
m3/h
2.000
68,00
136.000,0
m3/h
12.000
34,00
408.000,0
m3/h
8.000,0
34,0
272.000,0
m3/h
24.000
51,00
1.224.000,0
m3/h
70
17.000,0
1.190.000,0
m3
300
5.950,0
1.785.000,0
thng
1.700,0
8.500,0

88
H lng nc ma trc khi

11 x ra sui K Lm dung tch
2.000 m3
H thng thng gi, chng
12 nng cc xng sn xut,
25.000 m2 xng
13 H thng cy xanh 42.500 m2
14
Xe phun nc chuyn dng

Cng
D phng 10%
Tng cng
m3
2.000
935,0
1.870.000,0
m2
25.000
21,25
531.250,0
m2
42500
1,403
59.606,3
xe
01
250.000,0
250.000,0
13.578.956,3
1.357.895,6
14.936.852,9
T l u t cho bo v mi trng l: 5,8 %

Cc cng trnh x l mi trng s c xy dng ng thi v hon thin khi
nh my i vo hot ng. Qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh th c thng bo vi S
Ti nguyn v Mi trng v chnh quyn a phng theo di.

89
2. Chi ph hng nm cho bo v mi trng

a, Chi ph vn hnh cng trnh x l mi trng
Bng 7.2: D tr kinh ph vn hnh cng trnh x l mi trng
TT
Hng mc chi
Thnh tin
(ng/nm)
Chi ph in nng cho h thng x l kh thi v nc thi

sn xut
Chi ph thc hin cc hot ng o to, tuyn truyn
20.000.000
Thu gom, vn chuyn cht thi rn

(120.000 tn x 180 tn/nm)
21.600.000
Chi ph nhn cng: 15.000.000/ngi.nm x 8 ngi
120.000.000
Tng (I)
1.500.000.000
1.661.600.000
b) Chi ph cho qu trnh gim st

Bng 7.3: D ton kinh ph gim st mi trng hng nm
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
Cc cng vic
Nhn cng ly mu
Din gii
Thnh tin
(ng/nm)
6 x 100.000/ln x 4 ln
2.400.000
Phng tin chuyn

1.000.000 ng/ln x 4 ln
ch thit b
Chi ph thu my mc
700.000 x 4 ln
thit b
o c v phn tch cc 11 v tr x 1.000.000 /v tr x 4
mu khng kh
ln
o c v phn tch cc 02 v tr x 1.000.000 /v tr x 4
mu nc
ln/nm
10.000.000 /bo co 4 bo
co
Tng (II)
Lp bo co mi trng
nh k (3 thng/ln)
4.000.000
2.800.000
44.000.000
8.000.000
40.000000
101.200.000
c, Tng chi ph trong 1 nm cho qun l v gim st mi trng:

Tng chi ph cho cng tc bo v mi trng hng nm:
Tng I + tng II = 1.661.600.000 + 101.200.000 = 1.762.800.000 ng.
(Mt t, by trm su mi hai triu tm trm nghn ng chn).

90

Chng 8: THAM VN KIN CNG NG
Khu cng nghip Long Bnh An lp v c ph duyt bo co nh gi tc

ng mi trng. Nn trong qu trnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng khng
phi ly kin ca y ban nhn dn cp x v i din cng ng dn c ni thc
hin d n.

91
Chng 9 - CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU V PHNG PHP

NH GI
9.1. CC NGUN TI LIU THAM KHO V S DNG TRONG BO CO

9.1.1. Ti liu tham kho
[1] B Hp tc v pht trin CHLB c Environmental handbook Volume III
1995
[2] ng Kim Chi - Ho hc mi trng - NXB Khoa hc K thut - 1999;
[3] Hong Kim C - K thut mi trng - NXB Khoa hc K thut H Ni
-2001;
[4] Hong Kim C, Phm Kim nh, L Xun Khung. K thut nhit luyn kim..
Nh XB Gio dc. 1998.
[5] L Thc Cn v tp th tc gi - nh gi tc ng mi trng. Phng php
lun v kinh t thc tin - NXB Khoa hc K thut H Ni - 1992;
[6] GS.TSKH Phm Ngc ng - nhim mi trng khng kh - NXB Khoa
hc K thut, 1997;
[7] GS.TS Trn Ngc Chn - nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 1, 2, 3 - ,
NXB Khoa hc K thut H Ni - 2001;
[8] Trn Vn Nhn, Ng Th Nga - Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi - NXB
Khoa hc K thut - 1998;
[9] T chc Y t th gii - Assess ment of Sources of Air, Water and Land
Pollution 1993,
[10] Trung tm o to ngnh nc v mi trng - S tay x l nc - NXB
Khoa hc v K thut;
[11] Nin gim thng k tnh Tuyn Quang, nm 2006;
9.1.2 Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n to lp
- Thuyt minh D n xy dng nh my phi thp Tuyn Quang
- S khu vc xy dng
- S Tng mt bng nh my phi thp Tuyn Quang
- S h thng cp thot nc.

92
9.1.3 Ti liu do Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Xanh (c quan t vn) thc hin:
- iu tra v hin trng mi trng khu vc d n
- Kt qu phn tch cc mu mi trng nn khu vc d n
- Ti liu v iu kin t nhin, kinh t, x hi khu vc do UBND x i Cn
cung cp

93
9.2. CC PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH NH GI TC

NG MI TRNG
9.2.1. Cc phng php p dng trong nh gi
a) Phng php k tha:
S dng cc ti liu c ca khu vc nghin cu, l cc ti liu c
cng b v xut bn, , lin quan ti nh gi tc ng mi trng d n, lm c s
ban u cho cc nghin cu v nh gi.
b) Phng php tng t:
S dng cc s kt qu nh gi tc ng mi trng ti cc c s c hot ng
CN, iu kin mi trng v t nhin tng t nh gi v d bo tc ng mi
trng ca D n.
c) Phng php m hnh ha:
S dng cc m hnh chun ca Gauss tnh ton pht thi t cc ngun
nhim chnh ca Nh my.
d) Phng php thng k: Nhm thu thp v x l s liu lin quan ti ni dung
nh gi tc ng mi trng d n. Cc s liu thng k ny c ly t s liu iu
tra nghin cu thc a, cc ti liu thng k ca a phng c cng b,
tin cy.
e) Phng php kho st, ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng
th nghim
Vic kho st, ly mu v phn tch mu hin trng mi trng khu vc D n
c thc hin ng theo TCVN tng ng, m bo cc s liu c tin cy
nh gi. Danh mc cc thit b o c phn tch mu mi trng c trnh by trong
bng 9.1. Cc phng php phn tch mu trong phng th nghim c nu trong cc
bng kt qu phn tch (ph lc 3).
Bng 9.1: Cc thit b dng trong o c v phn tch mi trng
TT
Thit b
Hp th kh
o bi tng s
o mc n
Phn tch mu
K hiu
Ni sn xut
My ly mu kh t ng AASI Sibata
My o bi t ghi EPAM 5000,
Haz-Dust
Nht
M
My o n tch phn, NL-21 hng

RION
Nht
Palintest
Php
f) Phng php nh gi nhanh trn c s h s nhim: Theo cc ch tiu nh

mc thi ca T chc sc khe Th gii (WHO), nhm c tnh ti lng cc cht
94
nhim t hot ng ca cc phng tin vn ti. C th cung cp nhanh mt cch nhn

trc quan v ngun thi. chnh xc ca phng php ph thuc rt nhiu vo c
th ca tng ngun nhim, cc iu kin pht tn ca khu vc nghin cu.
g) Phng php iu tra kinh t - x hi: Nhm iu tra, tham vn kin cng
ng cc nh qun l lin quan n d n v cc vn mi trng v tc ng ca d
n ti iu kin kinh t-x hi ca a phng. Mc tin cy ca s liu ph thuc
vo quy m iu tra, i tng c iu tra, tnh khch quan ca ngi cung cp s
liu.
h) Phng php d bo: D bo trc cc nh hng tch cc v tiu cc ca d
n ti mi trng trn c s nghin cu ngoi suy cc kt qu phn tch, nh gi v
tng t. tin cy ca phng php ny ph thuc nhiu vo kinh nghim ca
chuyn gia.
9.2.2. T nhn xt v mc chi tit v tin cy ca cc nh gi
Mc tiu ca bo co l xc nh cc cc tc ng tiu cc do hot ng ca d
n gy ra i vi mi trng, x hi v sc khe cng ng, t a ra nhng bin
php gim thiu tc ng mi trng mt cch ph hp.
Bo co xc nh c y cc ngun thi v nh gi kh nng gy
nhim mi trng vt l trong v ngoi hng ro nh my; mi trng sinh thi cnh
quan,mi trng kinh t-x hi i vi khu vc trin khai d n. Cc nh gi c tnh
thc tin cao thng qua vic phn tch c th cc ngun thi vi cc s liu tnh ton
nh lng v t m v khng gian, thi gian tc ng; ng thi, ch ra nhng vn
mi trng cn c gii quyt, nhng ri ro, s c mi trng c th xy ra khi D
n i vo hot ng, lm c s ra cc bin php phng trnh ch ng.
Cng tc iu tra x hi v ly kin tham vn cng ng khu vc d n lm
tng tnh thc tin ca vic nh gi tc ng mi trng d n.

95
MT S HNH NH V HIN TRNG KHU VC THC HIN D N V

HOT NG LY MU NH GI CHT LNG MI TRNG NN
nh 1: Mt bng thc hin d n c san i
nh 2: Khu dn c cch d n 500 m v pha ng

96
nh 3: ng 186 dn vo khu cng nghip
nh 4: ly mu nc ngm ti khu dn c cch D n 500m v pha ng

97
nh 5: V tr ly mu khng kh, cch D n 1 km v pha Ty Bc
nh 6: V tr ly mu nc sui K Lm (p Ho Mc)
98
nh 7: V tr ly mu nc v bn y sng L (thng lu cu An Ho)

99
KT LUN KIN NGH
1. KT LUN
D n u t xy dng nh my phi thp Tuyn Quang c xy dng trn c
s nh hng pht trin cng nghip ca tnh Tuyn Quang n nm 2010, chc chn
s mang li hiu qu kinh t v x hi cho a phng v tng thm ngun ngn sch
Nh nc.
Bo co nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca D n c thc hin theo cc
ni dung hng dn ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (Thng t s 08/2006/TTBTNMT, ngy 8/9/2006), nhn dng v nh lng c hu ht cc ngun thi quan
trng, nh gi tc ng ca chng ti mi trng v ra cc bin php x l m
bo tnh kh thi v hiu qu cao.
Bo co cng xy dng chng trnh qun l v quan trc mi trng chi tit,
nhm pht hin v ng ph kp thi vi cc s c mi trng trong qu trnh D n i
vo hot ng. Trong cc i tng cn c kim sot l :
- Bi, kh thi, nhit ting n cc khu vc xng thiu kt, khu vc l cao,
khu vc l luyn thp.
- Bi v ting n cc khu vc gia cng nguyn vt liu, qung,
- Cht thi cng nghip (rn v lng),
- Cht thi sinh hot (rn v lng),
- Cc vn lin quan n an ton v sc kho lao ng, phng chng s c
chy n, v.v
Ch d n xin cam kt s thc hin cc bin php gim thiu tc ng mi
trng mt cch cht ch m bo hi ho gia yu cu pht trin sn xut v bo
v mi trng.
2. KIN NGH
ngh S Ti nguyn Mi trng tnh Tuyn Quang thm nh Bo co TM
ny d n sm nhn c quyt nh ph duyt.
ngh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Tuyn Quang thng xuyn quan tm
hng dn v vic thc hin cc quy nh v mi trng i vi D n Nh my
lun m bo hot ng mt cch an ton i vi mi trng.
ngh cc c quan hu quan ca tnh Tuyn Quang quan tm, gip , to iu
kin D n sm c trin khai.

100
PH LC
PH LC 1: KT QU PHN TCH CHT LNG MI TRNG KHU

VC D N
PH LC 2: CC GIY T PHP L CA CH U T
PH LC 3: S THOT NC KHU VC
PH LC 4: CNG THC V PHNG PHP TNH TON TI LNG,
KHUCH TN NHIM KH THI
PH LC 5: DANH MC THIT B MY MC

101

DTM HNguyen Ban Sau Trinh S A BS

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DTM HNguyen Ban Sau Trinh S A BS

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Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

1.4.1. Quy hoch s dng t...............................................................................12

2.2.1. iu kin kinh t........................................................................................36

3.2.1. Tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng d n...............................41

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

3.3.1. Nhn dng cc ngun thi..........................................................................50

4.2.1. Bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng.........................................75

5.2.1. Trong giai on xy dng c bn...............................................................82

9.1.1. Ti liu tham kho.....................................................................................92

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

9.2.1. Cc phng php p dng trong nh gi..................................................94

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

BOD5: Nhu cu xy ho sinh ho sau 5 ngy

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

TCCP: Tiu chun cho php

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

- Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v mi

Chc v: Ch tch HQT Tng gim c

Fax: (027) 812608

C quan t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

a ch: Tng 5 - ta nh Sholega, 275 Lch Tray, Ng Quyn, Hi Phng

Fax: (031) 3732639

Danh sch nhng ngi thc hin

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

3. Cc thnh vin ca Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Nguyn Th Hng Hnh

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

Hnh 1.1. S v tr thc hin d n

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

Cc cng trnh chnh

Khu chun b nguyn vt liu

Phn xng c phi

H thng x l nc tun hon

Khu vc cha cht thi rn

Cc cng trnh ph tr (nh n ca, nh

Din tch cy xanh

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

1.4.3. Gii php cc cng trnh xy dng

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

+ Trm xy kt cu b tng ct thp;

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

Tr dung: vi, lomit; than cm

Kho thnh phm

n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh xanh

Bo co TM d n u t Xy dng NM phi thp Tuyn Quang

Bng 1.3: Bng cn i nguyn, ph liu sn xut qung thiu kt

tn (m3)/ tn qung sng

Than cm (Hn Gai):