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B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH
N QU TRNH THIT B
THIT K H THNG SY C RT BNG BNG TI
H v tn sinh vin: inh Khc Hong (05139087)

Lu Hng Thm (05139038)
Ngnh: CNG NGH HA HC
Nin kha: 2005 2009
Thng 12 - 2008
n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti
N MN QU TRNH THIT B
THIT K H THNG SY C RT BNG BNG TI
Sinh vin thc hin:

INH KHC HONG
LU HNG THM
B Mn Cng Ngh Ha Hc
Gio vin hng dn:

KS. L TH LOAN CHI
Thng 12 nm 2008
NHN XT CA GING VIN

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MC LC
Trang
Trang ta................................................................................................................i
Nhn xt ca ging vin........................................................................................ii
Mc lc.................................................................................................................iii
ii
Danh sch cc hnh v bng..................................................................................vi

M U
Chng I: TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU C RT
1.1. Phn loi khoa hc..........................................................................................1
1.2. Thnh phn dinh dng v cng dng............................................................3
1.2.1. Gi tr dinh dng ca c rt.....................................................................3
1.2.2. Cng dng ca c rt.................................................................................3
1.3. Phn b, thi v..............................................................................................6
Chng II: TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY
2.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh sy..............................................................................8
2.2. Phn loi qu trnh sy....................................................................................8
2.3. Thit b sy bng ti.......................................................................................10
Chng III: QUY TRNH CNG NGH
3.1. S quy trnh cng ngh.............................................................................12
3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh...................................................................................13
3.2.1. Ra ln 1..................................................................................................13
3.2.2. Co v v ra ln 2..................................................................................13
3.2.3. Ct lt.......................................................................................................14
3.2.4. Chn (hp)................................................................................................15
3.2.5. Sy kh.....................................................................................................16
3.2.6. ng gi v bo qun thnh phm...........................................................18
Chng IV: TNH CN BNG VT CHT
4.1. Tnh thng s tc nhn sy.............................................................................19
4.1.1. m ca vt liu...................................................................................19
4.1.2. Cc thng s tnh ton cho tc nhn sy...................................................20
4.2. Cn bng vt cht cho qu trnh sy...............................................................23
4.3. Tnh chn thi gian sy..................................................................................24
iii
Chng V: TNH TON THIT B V CN BNG NHIT LNG

5.1. Th tch ring ca khng kh sy...................................................................25
5.2. Chn kch thc bng ti...............................................................................26
5.3. Chn vt liu v tnh kch thc hm............................................................27
5.4. Tnh cn bng nhit lng.............................................................................28
5.4.1.Vn tc v ch chuyn ng ca khng kh trong phng sy...............28
5.4.2. Hiu s nhit gia tc nhn sy v mi trng xung quanh ................28
5.4.3. Tnh tn tht nhit lng..........................................................................29
5.4.3.1. Tn tht qua tng..............................................................................29
5.4.3.2. Tn tht qua trn.................................................................................33
5.4.3.3. Tn tht qua nn.................................................................................37
5.4.3.4. Tn tht qua ca.................................................................................37
5.4.3.5. Tng tn tht ca phng sy...............................................................39
5.4.4. Cn bng nhit lng...............................................................................40
Chng VI: TNH TON CC THIT B PH
6.1. Caloriphe.......................................................................................................41
6.1.1. Chn kch thc truyn nhit...................................................................41
6.1.2. Tnh ton..................................................................................................43
6.1.3. Xc nh b mt truyn nhit...................................................................46
6.2. Qut...............................................................................................................48
6.2.1. Tnh tr lc..............................................................................................48
6.2.1.1. Tr lc t ming qut n caloriphe...................................................48
6.2.1.2. Tr lc do caloriphe............................................................................49
6.2.1.3. Tr lc do t m vo caloriphe........................................................50
6.2.1.4. Tr lc do t thu t caloriphe ra ng dn khng kh nng................51
6.2.1.5. Tr lc ng ng dn khng kh t caloriphe n phng sy..........52
6.2.1.6. Tr lc t m vo phng sy............................................................52
6.2.1.7. Tr lc do t thu ra khi phng sy..................................................52
6.2.1.8. Tr lc ca phng sy.........................................................................53
6.2.1.9. Tng tr lc ca c h thng...............................................................53
iv
6.2.2. Tnh chn qut.........................................................................................53

Chng VII: TNH GI THNH THIT B..................................................54
KT LUN
TI LIU THAM KHO
DANH SCH CC HNH

Trang
Hnh 1.1: Cc b phn ca cy c rt.....................................................................2
Hnh 1.2: Phn tht ca c c rt............................................................................4
v
Hnh 2.1: Thit b sy bng ti..............................................................................10

Hnh 2.2: Cu to my sy bng ti nhiu cp......................................................11
Hnh 3.1: S quy trnh cng ngh....................................................................12
Hnh 3.2: Nguyn l sy i lu...........................................................................16
Hnh 3.3: C rt sy thnh phm...........................................................................18
DANH SCH CC BNG

Bng 3.1: Cc ch tiu nc sch dng trong sn xut thc phm........................14
Bng 4.1: Cc thng s tc nhn sy.....................................................................22
Bng 7.1: Bng tnh gi thnh thit b...................................................................54
vi
M U
Vit Nam l mt trong cc nc c nn sn xut nng nghip lu i trn th

gii. Hin nay, nng nghip vn cn chim t trng kh cao trong c cu kinh t
nc ta. Mc d vy, ngnh nng nghip vn cha li hiu qu cha tng xng vi
v tr ca n trong nn kinh t. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do cc khu thu hoch, bo
qun v ch bin nng sn ti Vit Nam hin nay c thc hin cha khoa hc.
iu lm gim gi tr cc sn phm khi a ra th trng tiu th.
ci thin vn ny c rt nhiu phng php c a ra; trong sy l
mt trong nhng phng php thng dng nht hin nay. Sn phm sau khi sy c
th bo qun lu, vn chuyn d dng, tng cm quan cng nh gi tr kinh t.
Trong cng nghip thc phm, sy bng bng ti l mt trong cc phng php
kh ph bin do mang li hiu qu kinh t cao, thun tin khi vn hnh v tit kim
thi gian. Do , ngi ta thng chn thit b sy bng ti trong vic sy cc sn
phm rau qu, ng cc,
Trong phm vi n ny, chng em xin trnh by v quy trnh sy c rt bng
bng ti vi nng sut nhp liu 1.500 kg/ngy.
Chng I:
TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU C RT
1.1. Phn loi khoa hc:

Tn khoa hc: Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus
Gii: Plantae
Ngnh: Magnoliophyta
Lp: Magnoliopsida
Phn lp: Rosidae
B: Apiales
H: Apiaceae
Chi: Daucus
Cc loi c rt l cc cy thn tho sng hai nm, t khi mt nm hay lu nm.
Thn n c mc thng ng, rng rut, kha dc, phn cnh, c lng mc ngc.
Cc l c cung; mc cch, phin l x lng chim 2-3 ln, cc cht l nh v hp.
Cc tn hoa mc u cnh hay nch l, dng kp lng lo; nhiu l bc, hnh lng
chim; nhiu tia, tri rng hay cong vo sau khi n; nhiu l bc con, kha rng ca
hay nguyn mp; cc tn nhiu hoa. Cc hoa trung tm thng v sinh vi cc cnh
hoa mu ta v ln. Cc rng nh ca i hoa b teo i. Hoa tp tnh, mu trng hay
vng, hnh tim ngc, vi nh cp vo trong, cc cnh bn ngoi ca cc hoa pha
ngoi trong tn hoa ln v ta ra. Gc tr hnh nn, vi nhy ngn. Hoa th phn
nh cc loi cn trng.
Qu hnh trng, b nn phn sng lng, cha 2 ht di 3-4 mm; cc gn chnh
hnh ch, cng; cc gn ph c cnh, cc cnh vi gai mc; cc ng tinh du nh vi
s lng l 1 ti cc rnh ct pha di cc gn th cp v 2 trn ch ni. Mt ht hi
lm ti gn phng. Cung l non nguyn hay ch i nh. R c to, di, hnh
1
cc, c nhiu mu ty theo tng chng loi; cc loi c rt thng gp c mu trng,

vng, cam, , tm.
Hnh 1.1: Cc b phn ca cy c rt

1. Thn ; 2. Hoa c rt ; 3. R (c) c rt
(http://dictionary.bachkhoatoanthu.gov.vn/default.aspx?
param=1633aWQ9MzE0NzUmZ3JvdXBpZD0ma2luZD1zdGFydCZrZXl3b3JkPWM=&pag
e=1; ngy 23/10/2008)
C rt c ngun gc t khu vc Bc Phi, Ty Nam v chu u, nhng hin nay

c gieo trng rng khp th gii, ch yu l khu vc n i; thch hp vi cc
vng thp c kh hu mt, c ma ma h v u ma thu. Hai chng Nantes v
Chantenay ca Php c trng ph bin trn th gii v tng i thch hp vi
vng nhit i.
Vit Nam c rt c nhp vo v trng th im trong nhng nm cui th k
XIX do ngi Php em t chu u sang. V hin nay c trng nhiu ni nh:
Lm ng, cc tnh min Bc, min Trung, mt s tnh thuc min ng Nam B.
1.2. Thnh phn dinh dng v cng dng:

1.2.1. Gi tr dinh dng ca c rt:
C rt l mt trong nhng loi rau trng rng ri v lu i nht trn th gii.
Trong c c rt c protein, lipid, carbonhydrat, mt s vitamin B, C, E, c bit l
tin vitamin A; c 15 acid amin trong c 9 loi thit yu m c th ngi khng
t sn xut c; giu mui khong Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu,... Trong 100g c
rt ti thng cha 88,5% nc v cung cp gi tr nng lng l 48 calorie. Cc
thnh phn quan trng khc bao gm:
1g cht m
0,2g cht bo
9 g cht bt ng
24mg Phospho
2,4mg Natri
289mg Kali
80mg Canxi
24mg Magie
0,75mg St
0,45mg Mangan
12400UI carotene
0,05mg vitamin B1
0,04mg vitamin B2
1,1mg vitamin PP
13mg vitamin C
1.2.2. Cng dng ca c rt:
C rt l mt trong nhng loi rau qu nht c cc thy thuc trn th gii
nh gi cao v gi tr dinh dng v cha bnh i vi con ngi. Ngi La M gi
c rt l n hong ca cc loi rau. C rt giu ng v cc loi vitamin cng nh
nng lng. Cc dng ng tp trung lp v v tht nc ca c, phn li rt t.
3
Hnh 1.2: Phn tht ca c c rt

(http://www.nutifood.com.vn/Default.aspx?
pageid=146&mid=326&action=docdetailview&intDocId=2414&intSetItemId=297&bread
crumb=297; ngy 23/10/2008)
ng trong c rt ch yu l ng n (nh fructose, glucose) chim ti 50%

tng lng ng c trong c, l loi ng d oxy ha di tc dng ca enzyme
trong c th; cc loi ng nh levulose v dextrose c hp th trc tip.
Trong c rt c rt nhiu vitamin C, D, E v cc vitamin nhm B. Ngoi ra, n
cn cha -carotene, sau khi vo c th, cht ny s chuyn ha dn thnh vitamin
A. Beta carotene c cu trc ha hc v hot tnh sinh hc tng t vitamin A nhng
ngi n c d tr khp cc m cn vitamin A c d tr gan. So vi
vitamin A th carotene t c hi hn, v n c chuyn dng theo nhu cu ca c
th v t b ph hy hn. Mt s nh khoa hc khuyn co nn dng carotene hn
l vitamin A.
Ngi ta thng s dng c rt di dng ti n sng (lm gi, trn du
gim) hay xo, nu canh, hm tht. Hoc dng c rt p ly dch, phi hp vi cc
loi hoa qu khc lm nc gii kht hoc nc dinh dng.
Tht c, dch (nc p c rt) v ht non cn c dng lm thuc. C rt c
cc tnh cht: b, giu cht khong, lm tng lng hng cu, tng s min dch t
nhin, l yu t sinh trng, kch thch s tit sa, lm cho cc m v da tr li. N
cn gip lc mu, lm long mt, tr ho, li tiu, tr giun v lin so.
C rt cha nhiu pectin nn c tc dng iu ha nhu ng rut, ht cc cht
c trong rut, to lp bng bo v nim mc rut.
4
Cc carotenoid rt tt cho s tng trng ca tr t nh cho n khi dy th nu

trong ch n c b sung c rt.
Ngoi ra, c rt cn c tc dng phng chng bnh qung g, nht l chng kh
mt dn n m la. C li khuyn ngi lm vic nhiu bng mt, nht l vo ban
m nn n nhiu c rt.
Vic dng c rt sng hay chn cng c kin tri ngc. Theo cc chuyn gia
i hc tng hp Arkansas (M) n c rt chn hm lng dinh dng cao hn so
vi c rt sng (tng 34%). Trong ch bin thc phm nn phi hp vi gan mt s
ng vt (g, ln) c s phi hp 2 loi vitamin A: ng vt v thc vt, tc dng
dc l tt hn (khi nu nn dng du thc vt v vitamin A tan trong du...).
C rt qu nhng cng khng nn lm dng, dng ba bi, ty thch m nn cn
c vo nhu cu ti thiu hng ngy ca beta carotene.
1.3. Phn b, thi v:

C rt cng c trng nhiu nc ta. Hin nay, cc vng trng rau ang trng
ph bin 2 loi c rt: mt loi c c mu ti, mt loi c mu ng sang mu
da cam.
Loi v (c rt ) c nhp trng t lu, ch yu l cc ging Vn c
(min Bc) v Lt (min Nam). N c c to nh khng u, li to, nhiu
x, hay phn nhnh, km ngt, kh nng thch ng t ai v thi tit tt hn
ging ngoi nhp.
Loi v mu ng mu da cam l c rt nhp ca Php (c rt Tim-Tom)
sinh trng nhanh hn loi trn; t l c trn 80%, da nhn, li nh, t b phn
nhnh nhng c hi ngn, mp hn, n ngon. Cc ging ngoi nhp khc gm
c: NS, Nans, Nataise Amelirec, ca Php; PS ca M, ging 555 ca Thi
Lan y l cc ging lai F1, u th ln nht l nng sut cao, c to, u, t
x, n ngt, c th trng a chung.
Thi v:
V sm: trn cc chn t cao, gieo ht t thng 7, thng 8; thu hoch thng
10, thng 12.
V chnh: gieo ht thng 9, thng 10 thu hoch vo thng 12, thng 1. y
l thi v cho nng sut cao v iu kin nhit thch hp cho ton b thi
gian sinh trng v pht trin ca c rt.
Ngoi ra cng c th trng thm v mun: gieo ht vo thng 12, thng 1
thu hoch vo thng 3, thng 4.
C rt c trng ph bin vi ging a phng (ch yu l ging Lt) c
thi gian sinh trng 95-100 ngy, kch thc 18-22cm x 2,5-3cm, mu nht,
nng sut trung bnh 20-25 tn/ha v cc ging ca Php nh Nantaise, Seamllienee,
Tim-Tom c c to, kch thc 22-25 x 3-3,5cm, c tim nng tng mnh sn lng
trong tng lai.
C rt sn sng thu hoch sau khi gieo ht ging 90 ngy nhng tip tc ln ln
v m rng sau . Thu hoch khi r c kch thc tt nhng vn cn mm.C rt c
th c tr trn t trong sut nhng thng ma ng. Nu c rt ly khi t qu
lu hoc cho php chn nu, r tr nn dai, nhiu g v c th gy.
Vn bo qun c rt cng nh cc loi rau c khc tng i kh v y l
thc phm ti, rt d b thi ra, h hng, nm mc, vi khun d pht trin (do
nc chim gn 90%). Trong cng ngh ch bin thc phm hin nay, ngi ta i
hi cng cao v vic bo qun. C rt nhiu cch bo qun thc phm, y i
vi c rt ta dng phng php sy. Vi phng php ny s bo qun c rt c
lu hn, d dng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, ng dng nhiu trong qu trnh ch
bin cc sn phm n lin.
Chng II:
TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY
2.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh sy:

Sy l s bc hi nc ca sn phm bng nhit nhit thch hp, l qu trnh
khuch tn do chnh lch m b mt v bn trong vt liu, hay ni cch khc do
chnh lch p sut hi ring phn b mt vt liu v mi trng xung quanh.
2.2. Phn loi qu trnh sy:

Ngi ta phn bit ra 2 loi:
Sy t nhin: nh tc nhn chnh l nng, gi... Phng php ny thi gian
sy di, tn din tch sn phi, kh iu chnh v m cui cng ca vt liu
cn kh ln, ph thuc vo iu kin thi tit kh hu.
Sy nhn to: qu trnh cn cung cp nhit, ngha l phi dng n tc nhn
sy nh khi l, khng kh nng, hi qu nhitv n c ht ra khi thit
b khi sy xong. Qu trnh sy nhanh, d iu khin v trit hn sy t
nhin.
Nu phn loi phng php sy nhn to, ta c:
Phn loi theo phng thc truyn nhit:
Phng php sy i lu: ngun nhit cung cp cho qu trnh sy l nhit
truyn t mi cht sy n vt liu sy bng cch truyn nhit i lu. y l
phng php c dng rng ri hn c cho sy hoa qu v sy ht.
Phng php sy bc x: ngun nhit cung cp cho qu trnh sy l thc hin

bng bc x t mt b mt no n vt sy, c th dng bc x thng,
bc x hng ngoi.
8
Phng php sy tip xc: ngun cung cp nhit cho vt sy bng cch cho
tip xc trc tip vt sy vi b mt ngun nhit.
Phng php sy bng in trng dng cao tng: ngun nhit cung cp cho
vt sy nh dng in cao tn to nn in trng cao tn trong vt sy lm
vt nng ln.
Phng php sy thng hoa: c thc hin bng lm lnh vt sy ng thi

ht chn khng cho vt sy t n trng thi thng hoa ca nc, nc
thot ra khi vt sy nh qu trnh thng hoa.
Phng php sy tng si: ngun nhit t khng kh nng nh qut thi vo
bung sy mnh v lm si lp ht, sau mt thi gian nht nh, ht kh v
c tho ra ngoi.
Phng php sy phun: c dng sy cc sn phm dng lng.
Bc x: s dn truyn nhit bc x t vt liu nng n vt liu m.

Phn loi theo tnh cht x l vt liu m qua bung sy:
Sy m: vt liu ng yn hoc chuyn ng qua bung sy nhiu ln, n
khi hon tt s c tho ra.
Sy lin tc: vt liu c cung cp lin tc v s chuyn ng ca vt liu
m qua bung sy cng xy ra lin tc.
Phn loi theo s chuyn ng tng i gia dng kh v vt liu m:
Loi thi qua b mt.
Loi thi xuyn vung gc vi vt liu.
2.3. Thit b sy bng ti:
Hnh 2.1: Thit b sy bng ti

(http://ttmindustry.vn; ngy 23/10/2008)
Cu to: l thit b lm vic lin tc, c th di n 20m, rng 3m. Nguyn liu
c t trn mt bng chuyn li c y su 5-15 cm. Dng kh lc u c hng
t di ln qua y ca nguyn liu v cc giai on sau c hng xung
di sn phm khi b thi ra khi bng chuyn.
cc thit b sy 2 hoc 3 giai on nguyn liu sau khi c sy mt phn s
c xo trn v cht ng li vo cc bng chuyn k tip su hn (n 15-25 cm
hoc 25-90 cm cc my sy 3 giai on), nh ci tin c tnh ng nht ca
qu trnh sy v tit kim c khng gian. Sn phm thng c sy n m
10-15 % v sau c sy kt thc thng sy. Thit b sy c th c cc khu vc
sy c lp vi nhau c kim sot bng my tnh v h thng t ng np nguyn
liu v tho sn phm gim chi ph nhn cng.
10
Hnh 2.2: Cu to my sy bng ti nhiu cp

(http://hau1.info/forum/attachment.php?attachmentid=126&d=1163168052; ngy
23/10/2008)
11
Chng III:
QUY TRNH CNG NGH

3.1. S quy trnh cng ngh:
Hnh 3.1: S quy trnh cng ngh

12
3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh:

Nguyn liu c rt thng chn c to, mu sng, li nh. Sau khi thu mua v,
ngi ta phn loi th cng thnh cc kch thc khc nhau m bo ng u
cho sn phm sau ny. Trong qu trnh ny, ngi ta cng loi b nhng c b h
thi, su bnh,
Sau khi phn loi, phn cung khng s dng s c ct b trc khi a vo
cc thit b lm sch nguyn liu.
3.2.1. Ra ln 1:
Mc ch: nhm loi tr ht tp cht c hc nh: t, ct, bi v lm gim phn
no vi sinh vt ngoi v nguyn liu cng nh lng thuc bo v thc vt.
C rt sau khi ct cung c cho vo cc bn c cha dung dch nc Javel
(nng 20 50 ppm). Sau chuyn qua bn chy trn ra li cho sch ht t,
bi v nc Javel cn bm li trn nguyn liu.
Nc ra cng nh nc dng trong khi ch bin (nh chn, pha ch) phi l
nc s dng cho thc phm, m bo cc ch tiu theo qui nh. Nc phi trong,
khng mu, khng mi v.
3.2.2. Co v v ra ln 2:
i vi mt s rau qu c v mng nh khoai ty, c rt, mn, i, ta c th dng
dung dch kim bc v. Cht kim s dng ph bin l NaOH c tinh khit t
95% tr ln. Cng c th dng Na2CO3, tuy c tc dng km hn, nhng ra li th
chng sch hn NaOH.
Thi gian ngm ra nguyn liu ph thuc vo nng v nhit ca dung dch
NaOH. Tc dng bc v t c khi no ra xi, lc v nguyn liu bong trc ra
d dng.
Nng NaOH thng s dng 1,5 2%. Qu xanh, kch thc ln, cn nng
cao hn qu chn, kch thc nh. Nhit dung dch NaOH cng cao th tc dng
bc v cng mnh, nhng khng nn qu cao, s lm chn mm nguyn liu. Thi
13
gian ngm ko di t vi giy n vi pht. Gia nguyn liu v dung dch ngm
cng cn c mt t l xc nh.
Sau khi ngm trong dung dch NaOH, nguyn liu c ra li trong nc lun
lu loi v v lm sch NaOH bm vo nguyn liu. Nguyn liu sau khi ra phi
m bo sch NaOH, th li bng cch nh vi git phenolphtalein khng thy xut
hin mu hng.
Bng 3.1: Cc ch tiu nc sch dng trong sn xut thc phm
3.2.3. Ct lt:
to cm quan cho sn phm cng nh tng hiu qu cho qu trnh sy, c rt
thng c ct thnh lt mng hay thnh si dy 2 mm bng cc my ct. Yu cu
14
ca sn phm sau qu trnh ct phi ng u v kch thc, khng b dp nt, gy,

nt,
3.2.4. Chn (hp):
Trc khi sy thng chn rau qu trong nc nng hoc hp bng hi nc
nhm bo v phm cht sn phm v rt ngn thi gian sy. Khi chn, do tc dng
ca nhit v m nn tnh cht ho l ca nguyn liu b bin i c li cho s thot
m khi sy; cc vi sinh vt b tiu dit v h thng men (enzyme) trong nguyn liu
b bt hot trnh gy h hng sn phm.
i vi rau qu giu glucide (khoai ty, khoai lang): chn lm cho rau qu tng
xp, do s thu phn cc cht pectin lm cho lin kt gia cc mng t bo b ph
v. Tinh bt b h ho khi chn cng lm tng nhanh qu trnh sy.
i vi rau qu c cha sc t (c rt, u ho lan, mn): chn c tc dng gi
mu, hn ch c hin tng bin mu hoc bc mu.
i vi rau qu c lp sp mng trn b mt (mn, vi): chn lm mt lp sp
ny, to ra cc vt nc nh li ti trn b mt, do gia tng qu trnh trao i m gia
qu vi mi trng xung quanh, dn n rt ngn thi gian sy.
Cc yu t nh hng n thi gian chn, hp, un nng: trong qu trnh chn,
hp, un nng ngoi mc ch v hot enzyme, cn phi m bo cht lng sn
phm, nn thc phm phi c gia nhit nhanh. Do , vic la chn nhit v
thi gian ph hp cho mi loi nguyn liu c ngha rt quan trng v thi gian gia
nhit ph thuc vo cc yu t:
1 Loi nguyn liu
2 Kch thc nguyn liu
3 Nhit gia nhit
4 Phng thc gia nhit
Thng thng, c rt thng c chn nhit 900C trong thi gian 2 pht.
Sau khi chn, hp xong cn lm ngui nhanh.
15
3.2.5. Sy kh:
i vi cc nguyn liu rau qu, ngi ta thng p dng phng php sy i
lu. Khng kh nng c dng lm tc nhn sy c nhit , m, tc ph
hp, chuyn ng chy trm ln vt sy lm cho m trong vt sy bay hi ri i theo
tc nhn sy ra ngoi. Khng kh c th chuyn ng cng chiu, ngc chiu hoc
ct ngang dng chuyn ng ca sn phm. Sy i lu c th thc hin theo m
(gin on) hay lin tc.
Hnh 3.2: Nguyn l sy i lu

Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh sy:
Nhit sy:
Rau qu l sn phm chu nhit km: trn 90 0C th ng fructose bt u b
caramel ho, cc phn ng to ra melanoidin, polime ho cc hp cht cao phn t
xy ra mnh. Cn nhit cao hn na, rau qu c th b chy. Do vy, sy rau
qu thng dng ch sy n ho. Tu theo loi nguyn liu, nhit sy khng
qu 80 - 900C.
Qu trnh sy cn ph thuc vo tc tng nhit ca vt liu sy. Nu tc
tng nhit qu nhanh th b mt mt qu b rn li v ngn qu trnh thot m. Ngc
li, nu tc tng chm th cng thot m yu.
16
m khng kh:
Mun nng cao kh nng ht m ca khng kh th phi gim m tng i
ca n xung. Sy chnh l bin php tng kh nng ht m ca khng kh bng cch
tng nhit .
Thng thng khi vo bung sy, khng kh c m 10 - 13%. Nu m ca
khng kh qu thp s lm rau qu nt hoc to ra lp v kh trn b mt, lm nh
hng xu n qu trnh thot hi m tip theo. Nhng nu m qu cao s lm tc
sy gim.
Khi ra khi l sy, khng kh mang theo hi m ca rau qu ti nn m tng
ln (thng thng khon 40 - 60%). Nu khng kh i ra c m qu thp th s tn
nng lng; ngc li, nu qu cao s d b ng sng, lm h hng sn phm sy.
Ngi ta iu chnh m ca khng kh ra bng cch iu chnh tc lu thng
ca n v lng rau qu ti cha trong l sy.
Lu thng ca khng kh:
Trong qu trnh sy, khng kh c th lu thng t nhin hoc cng bc. Trong
cc l sy, khng kh lu thng t nhin vi tc nh (nh hn 0,4m/s), do vy
thi gian sy thng ko di, lm cht lng sn phm sy khng cao. khc phc
nhc im ny, ngi ta phi dng qut thng gi cng bc vi tc trong
khong 0,4 - 4,0m/s trong cc thit b sy. Nu tc gi qu ln (trn 4,0m/s) s
gy tn tht nhit lng.
dy ca lp sy:
dy ca lp rau qu sy cng nh hng n qu trnh sy. Lp nguyn liu
cng mng th qu trnh sy cng nhanh v ng u, nhng nu qu mng s lm
gim nng sut ca l sy. Ngc li, nu qu dy th s lm gim s lu thng ca
khng kh, dn n sn phm b " m hi" do hi m ng li.
Thng thng nn xp lp rau qu trn cc thit b sy vi khi lng 5 8
kg/m2 l ph hp. i vi nguyn liu c rt, ta chn ch sy 70 75 0C trong
thi gian 2 gi cho thit b sy bng ti.
17
3.2.6. ng gi v bo qun thnh phm:

Sau khi sy xong, cn tin hnh phn loi loi b nhng c th khng t cht
lng (do chy hoc cha t m yu cu). Loi kh tt c chung vo khay
hoc chu ln iu ho m. Sau qut cho ngui hn ri mi ng gi
trnh hin tng m hi.
Ty tng mt hng, thi gian bo qun v i tng s dng m c quy cch
ng gi khc nhau. Ngoi ra, iu kin vn chuyn v bo qun sn phm cng c
ngha quan trng trong vic la chn bao b.
Dng vt liu thng dng bo v rau qu kh l giy cctng v cht do
(PE, PVC, xenlophan). Bao giy v hp cctng c c tnh nh, r, c th ti
sinh, nhng thm hi thm kh, khng u di tc dng ca nc v c hc. Bao
ti cht do c c tnh trong sut, n hi, d dng kn bng nhit, chi ph thp
nhng c mt s b thm nc, thm kh (PE), chu nht km (PVC,PET).
Bao ti cht do dng bo qun hoa qu kh c th ch gm mt mng cht
do hoc kt hp nhiu mng.
Hnh 3.3: C rt sy thnh phm

(http://hengyii.win.mofcom.gov.cn/www/25%5Chengyii%5Cimg%5C2007118151956.jpg;
ngy 23/10/2008)
Chng IV:
18
TNH CN BNG VT CHT
4.1. Tnh thng s tc nhn sy:

Cc k hiu:
G1, G2: lng vt liu trc v sau khi sy (kg/h).
Gk: lng vt liu kh tuyt i i qua my sy (kg/h).
W1, W2: m ca vt liu trc v sau khi sy, tnh trn cn bn t (%).
W: m c tch ra khi vt liu (kg/h).
L: lng khng kh kh (kkk) tuyt i qua my sy (kg/h).
x0: hm m ca khng kh ngoi tri (kg m/kg kkk).
x1: hm m ca khng kh trc khi vo bung sy (kg m/kg kkk).
x2: hm m ca khng kh sau khi sy (kg m/kg kkk).
4.1.1. m ca vt liu:
m ban u ca vt liu sy tnh trn cn bn t: W1 = 0,85 = 85% (theo [1]
bng 2.2, trang 34). Theo cng thc VII.3, trang 93, [3], ta tnh m trn cn bn
kh.
100 W
1
tnh trn cn bn kh: W1 ' = 100 W = 566,67%
1
m cui ca vt liu sy: W2 = 0,05 = 5%

100 W
2
tnh trn cn bn kh: W2 ' = 100 W = 5,26%
2
4.1.2. Cc thng s tnh ton cho tc nhn sy:

19
(4.1)
Trc khi vo caloriphe:

Chn v tr t khu sn xut ti Lm ng, thit b t hiu qu trong sn xut
quanh nm, ta chn cc iu kin v m tng i v nhit sao cho ti u ha
qu trnh vn hnh thit b.
m tng i: 0 = 92%
Nhit khng kh: t0 = 180C
Theo [2] (trang 317), ta c p sut ca hi nc bo ha 180C l: P0 = 0,0211 at.
Theo [4] (cng thc 1-6, trang 11), m tuyt i (hm m) ca khng kh c
tnh theo cng thc sau:
x0 = 0,622
0 P0
Pkq 0 P0
(4.2)
Trong :
Pkq: p sut kh quyn l 1,033 at
0 : m tng i
P0: p sut hi bo ha
x 0 = 0,622
0,92 0,0211
= 0,0119
1,033 0,92 0,0211
(kg m/kg kkk)
Enthalpy (nhit lng ring) ca khng kh c tnh theo [5] (cng thc 9.3, trang
270)
I0 = Ck.t0 + x0.ih (J/kg kkk)
Trong :
Ck: nhit dung ring ca khng kh kh (J/kg.) (ly Ck 1000 J/kg.)
t0: nhit ca khng kh (180C)
ih: enthalpy ca hi nc nhit t0 (J/kg)
ih = r0 + Ch.t0 = (2493 + 1,97.t0).103 (J/kg)
r0 = 2493.103 (J/kg): n nhit ca hi nc 00C
Ck = 1,97.103 (J/kg.): nhit dung ring ca hi nc
20
(4.3)
I0 = 1000 .18 + 0,0119 . (2493 + 1,97 . 18) .103

=48090 (J/kg kkk)
Sau khi ra khi caloriphe:
Do c rt l mt nguyn liu giu vitamin nn trnh tn tht hm lng
vitamin ny, ta chn nhit sy 700C.
Nhit khng kh: t1 = 700C P1 = 0,3177 at
Hm m ca khng kh khng i: x1 = x0 = 0,0119 (kg m/kg kkk)
T cng thc tnh hm m (4.2), ta c th suy ra cng thc tnh
1:
1 =
x1 Pkq
(0,622 + x1 ) P1
0,0119 1,033
= 0,061 = 6%
(0,622 + 0,0119 ) 0,3177
Enthalpy ca khng kh sau khi ra khi caloriphe:

I1 = 1000.70 + 0,0119.(2493 + 1,97.70).103
= 101307 (J/kg kkk).
Trng thi khng kh sau khi sy:
Dng gin trng thi hn hp khng kh m ([5], trang 271), ta xc nh nhit
im sng ca qu trnh sy l 300C. trnh trng hp ng sng li trn b
mt vt liu, ta chn nhit ca khng kh sau khi sy l 400C.
Nhit khng kh: t2 = 400C P2 = 0,0752 at
Nu sy l thuyt th: I1 = I2 = 101307 (J/kg kkk)
T cng thc tnh enthalpy ca khng kh m (4.3), ta c th suy ra hm m ca
khng kh sau khi sy:
x2 =
I 2 Ck t 2 I 2 Ck t 2
101307 1000 40
=
=
= 0,0238 (kg m/kg kkk)
ik
r0 + C k t 2 2493 .10 3 + 1,97.10 3 40
m tng i:
21
2 =
x 2 Pkq
(0,622 + x 2 ).P2
0,0238 1,033
= 0,506 51 %
(0,622 + 0,0238 ).0,0752
Bng 4.1: Cc thng s tc nhn sy

Cc thng s
Trng thi 0
Trng thi 1
Trng thi 2
0,92
0,061
0,506
18
70
40
m tuyt i (kg m/kg kkk)
0,0119
0,0119
0,0238
Enthalpy ca khng kh (J/kg kkk)
48090
101307
101307
p sut hi nc bo ha (at)
0,0211
0,3177
0,0752
m tng i
Nhit (0C)
4.2. Cn bng vt cht cho qu trnh sy:
22
Trong qu trnh sy, ta xem nh khng c hin tng mt mt vt liu, lng

khng kh kh tuyt i coi nh khng b bin i trong sut qu trnh sy. Nng
sut ca thit b l 1.500 kg/ngy (nhp liu), ta cho thit b lm vic 15 gi/ngy.
Thi gian cn li dng v sinh v kim tra h thng.
Nng sut nhp liu: G1 = 100 kg/h
Theo [3] (cng thc VII.18, trang 102), ta tnh lng m bay hi:
W=
W1 W2
85 5
G1 =
100 = 84,21 (kg/h)
100 W2
100 5
(4.4)
Khi lng vt liu sau khi sy: G2 = G1 W = 100 84,21 = 15,79 (kg/h).
Nng sut theo sn phm ca h thng: 236,85 (kg/ngy).
Khi lng vt liu kh tuyt i tnh theo [3] (cng thc VII.19, trang 102):
Gk =
100 W
= 15 (kg/h)
W1 'W2 '
(4.5)
Lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi 1kg m (lng khng kh tiu hao

ring) theo [3] (cng thc VII.20, trang 102) :
l=
1
1
=
= 84,03 (kg kkk/kg m)
x 2 x0
0,0238 0,0119
(4.6)
Tng lng khng kh kh cn thit cho qu trnh sy ([3], cng thc VII.21, trang
102): L = W.l = 84,21.84,03 = 7076,17 (kg/h)
4.3. Tnh chn thi gian sy:
23
(4.7)
Do qu trnh tnh ton thi gian sy ph thuc rt nhiu vo vic thit lp ng

cong sy vt liu trong thc t. Do iu kin khng cho php nn trong phn tnh
ton ny, ta chn thi gian sy da theo kt qu mt s th nghim trong [7] (t trang
30 n 49). Mc d c s khc nhau v thit b v sai s, tuy nhin ta c th dng s
liu ny thun tin tnh ton cho cc phn sau.
Ta chn thi gian sy t m yu cu l 60 pht.
24
Chng V:
TNH TON THIT B

V CN BNG NHIT LNG
5.1. Th tch ring ca khng kh sy:

Th tch ring ca khng kh vo thit b sy c th c tnh theo [3] (cng thc
VII.8, trang 94):
v1 =
R T1
(m3/kg kkk)
Pkq 1 .P1
Trong :
R: hng s (287 J/kg.K)
T1 = 70 + 273 = 343 K
P1 = 0,3177 at (1at = 0,981.103 N/m2)
1 = 0,061
Thay vo cng thc, ta c: v1 = 0,95 (m3/kg kkk)
Th tch khng kh vo phng sy:
V1 = L.v1 = 7076,17 x 0,95 = 6722,36 (m3/h)
Th tch ring khng kh ra khi phng sy cng tnh theo cng thc (5.1):
v2 = 0,92 (m3/kg kkk)
Th tch khng kh ra khi phng sy: V2 = L.v2 = 6510,08 (m3/h).
Th tch trung bnh ca khng kh trong phng sy:
V =
3
V1 + V2
= 6616 ,22 (m /h)
2
5.2. Chn kch thc bng ti:

Gi Br: chiu rng bng ti (m), chn Br = 0,45m
25
(5.1)
H: chiu dy lp vt liu, chn H = 0,15m
: vn tc bng ti
: khi lng ring xp ca c rt (560 kg/m3)
Nng sut ca thit b sy bng ti theo [4] (cng thc 6.29, trang 158):
G1 = Br.h. . (kg/h)
G
(5.2)
100
1
= B .h. = 0,45 .0,15 .560 = 2,65 (m/h)
r
Thc t chiu rng ca bng ti cn c tnh theo h s hiu chnh :

Btt =
Btt
Br
(chn =0,9)
0,45
= 0,5 (m)
0,9
Gi:
Lb: chiu di bng ti
ls: chiu di ph thm (khong 1,2m)
T: thi gian sy (1h)
Lb = .T + ls = 2,65.1 + 1,2 = 3,85 (m)
Vy ta chn kch thc ca bng ti l: di 3,85m; rng 0,5m v c ng knh
tang trc d = 0,3m.
5.3. Chn vt liu v tnh kch thc hm:

Hm sy c xy bng gch v va ximng. Chn b dy vin gch 0,2m v hai
lp va hai bn 0,01m b dy tng 0,22m.
26
Trn phng c lm bng btng ct thp c chiu dy 0,22m v lp cch nhit

dy 0,15m.
Ca phng sy c lm bng hai tm nhm dy 0,015m; gia c lp cch nhit
dy 0,01m.
Chiu di lm vic ca phng sy:
L = chiu di bng ti + khong trng hai u hm = 3,85 + 0,5.2 = 4,85 (m)
Chiu cao:
H = b dy ton bng ti + khong trng trn di = 0,3 + 0,5.2 = 1,3 (m)
Chiu rng:
R = chiu rng bng ti + khong trng hai bn = 0,5 + 0,3.2 = 1,1 (m)
Nu ta tnh c tng th kch thc hm sy s l :
Lh = 4,85 + (0,2 + 0,02).2 = 5,29 (m)
Hh = 1,3 + 0,02 +0,15 = 1,47 (m)
Rh = 1,1 + (0,2 + 0,02).2 =1,54 (m)
5.4. Tnh cn bng nhit lng:

5.4.1. Vn tc v ch chuyn ng ca khng kh trong phng sy:
Vn tc ca khng kh trong phng sy (theo [8], trang 12):
27
hh =
V
6616 ,22
=
= 1,285
H R 1,3 1,1 3600
(m/s)
(5.3)
Ch chuyn ng ca khng kh c tnh theo [2] (cng thc II.4, trang 359):
Re =
hh l td
(5.4)
vi Re: hng s Reynold c trng cho ch chuyn ng ca dng

lt: ng knh tng ng
l td =
2 H R
2 1,3 1,1
=
=1,192
H +R
1,3 +1,1
Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh trong phng sy =
(m)
t1 + t 2 70 + 40
=
= 55 0 C
2
2
Da vo nhit trung bnh ny, tra bng I.114 ([2]), ta c c nht ng

hc ca khng kh trong hm l 1970.10-8 (m2/s).
Re =
1,285 1,192
= 77 ,752 .10 3
8
1970 .10
Vy Re = 7,7752.104 > 104 nn ch ca khng kh trong hm l ch chy ri.

5.4.2. Hiu s nhit trung bnh gia tc nhn sy v mi trng xung quanh:
t1 t 2
t
tb =
ln 1
t 2
(5.5)
t1 : Hiu s nhit gia tc nhn sy vo phng sy vi khng kh bn ngoi

t 2 : Hiu s nhit gia tc nhn sy ra phng sy vi khng kh bn ngoi
t 2 =40-18 = 220C; t1 = 70-18=520C
Vy t tb = 34,90C
5.4.3. Tnh tn tht nhit lng: (tham kho [8], t trang 13 n 21)
5.4.3.1. Tn tht qua tng:
28
Tng xy bng gch dy 0,22 m; trong chiu dy vin gch gach = 0,2 m v
chiu dy mi lp va v = 0,01 m. Tra bng I.126 (trang 128, [2]), ta c h s
dn nhit ca hai vt liu: gach = 0,77 (W/m.) v v = 1,2 (W/m.).
Khng kh nng chuyn ng trong phng do i lu t nhin (v c s chnh
lch nhit ) v do cng bc (qut); khng kh chuyn ng xoy.
Gi 1 l h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n b mt trong ca tng phng sy:
1 = k( 1 / + 1 // )
(5.6)
1 // l h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n thnh my sy do i lu t nhin
/ 1 : l h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n thnh my sy do i lu cng

bc n v (W/m2)
k : h s iu chnh (thng bng 1,2 1,3)
/
Tnh 1 :
Phng trnh chun Nuxen i vi cht kh c cho theo [3] (cng thc V.42,
trang 16):
Nu = C l R0,8 = 0,018. l .Re0,8
(5.7)
Trong : l ph thuc vo t s l v Re
td
Ta c:
L
lt d
= 4,07 v Re = 7,7752.10 4
Tra bng v tnh ton ta c: l = 1.14 (bng V.2, trang 15, [3])
Nu = 0,018 . 1,14 * (7,7752*10 4 )0.8 = 167,78
M
Nu =
Nu
/1H
suy ra 1 / =
=
H
167 ,78 * 0,0270

= 3,48
1,3
(5.8)
Trong , h s dn nhit ca khng kh l 0,0270 (W/m.) c tra bng
I.137, trang 149, [2].
29
Tnh // 1 :
Gi tT1 l nhit trung bnh ca b mt thnh ng (tng) tip xc vi khng kh
trong phng sy. Chn tT1 = 44 0C
Gi ttbk l nhit trung bnh ca cht kh vo phng sy tc tc nhn sy:
ttbk =
70 + 40
= 55 0C
2
Gi ttb l nhit trung bnh gia tng trong phng sy vi nhit trung bnh
ca tc nhn sy.
ttb =
44 + 55
= 49 ,5 oC
2
Ti nhit ny tra bng c :
= 2,82 .10-2 (W/m)
= 19,55 . 10 6 (m2/s) ( nht ng hc)
Chun s Gratkov: c trng cho tc dng tng h ca lc ma st phn t v lc

nng do chnh lch khi lng ring cc im c nhit cao khc ca dng, k
hiu Gr, c tnh theo cng thc V.39, trang 13, [3].
Gr =
gH
t1
(5.9)
T
2
Vi g: gia tc trng trng g = 9,81 (m/s2)

H: chiu cao ca phng sy
t1 = ttbk tT1 = 55 44 = 110C
T = ttbk + 273 = 328 K

9,81 (1,3) 3 11
Gr= (19 ,55 10 6 ) 2 328 = 1,89.109

M chun s Nuxen l Nu = 0,47.Gr0,25
(cng thc V.78, trang 24, [3])
Nu = 97,99
Hn na, theo cng thc (5.8):
H // 1
Nu =
30
(5.10)
Nu
= 2,03
H
// 1 =
suy ra
1 = k / 1 + 1 = 1,2.( 3,4 8+ 2,0 3) = 6,6 1 2
Suy ra
q1 = 1 t1 = 6,612 . 11 = 72,73 (kJ/kg)
//
Nhit ti ring ca khng kh t phng sy n mt trong ca tng l 72,73.

Tnh 2 :
H s cp nhit ca b mt ngoi my sy n mi trng xung quanh:
2 = /2 + 2
//
2 / : h s cp nhit do i lu t nhin
Vi
// 2 : h s cp nhit do bc x
Trong qu trnh truyn nhit n nh th:
tT 1 tT 2
q1= 3 i
i =1 i
3
i =1
(5.11)
1 2 3
+
+
(m2/W) (cng thc V.4, trang 3, [3])
1 2 3
(5.12)
1 , 2 , 3 : b dy cc lp tng
1 , 2 , 3 : h s dn nhit tng ng
1 = 2 = 0,01m
: b dy lp va c 1 = 2 = 1,2 (W/m.)
3 = 0,2m : b dy ca vin gch c 3 = 0,77 (W/m.)

3
Vy
i =1
0,01 0,01
0,2
+
+
= 0,27
1,2
1,2
0,77
3
tT1-tT2 = q1
i =1
(m2/W)
i
= 72,73 . 0,27 = 20,1(0C)
i
tT2: nhit tng ngoi phng sy

31
tT2 = tT1 32,79 = 44 20,1 = 23,90C

Nhit lp bin gii gia tng ngoi phng sy v khng kh ngoi tri
tbg =
23 ,9 +18
= 20 ,95 0C
2
Ti nhit tbg ny tra bng, ta tnh c = 2,57 .10 2 (W/m.K)

=18 ,01 .10 6 (m2/s)
Nhit tng ngoi v nhit khng kh c lch l:

t 2 = tT2 - tkk = 23,9 - 18= 5,90C
Chun s Gratkov l
3
gH h t 2
9,81 1,33 5,9
=
= 1,08 .109
G r=
2T
18,012 10 12 ( 5,9 + 273)
Chun s Nuxen l
Nu = 0,47.Gr0,25 = 85,22
/2 =
Suy ra
Nu 85 ,22 0,0257
=
=1,68
H
1,3
H s cp nhit bc x // 2
//
n Co
2=
t T 2 t kk
T1 4 T2 4

100 100
n : en ca va ly 0,9
Vi
Co:H s bc x ca vt en tuyt i ly 5,67

T1 = tT2 + 273 =296,9 K
T2 = tkk + 273 = 291 K
//
T : 2 =
Nn 2 =
0,9 5,67
23,9 18
296 ,9 4 291 4

= 5,19
100
100
+ // 2 = 1,68 + 5,19 = 6,87

32
(5.13)
Nhit ti ring t b mt ca tng ngoi dn mi trng khng kh

q2 = 2 t 2 = 6,87 5,9 = 40 ,5 (kJ/kg)
Vy tn tht qua tng
Qt = 3,6.k. .t tb
(5.14)
= 1 + 2
1 = 2.L.H = 2 4,85 1,3 = 12 ,61 (m2)
2 = 2.R.H = 2 1,1 1,3 = 2,86 (m2)

=12 ,61 + 2,86 =15 ,47 (m2)
k = 1 + 1 + i
1 2 i =1 i
3
t tb =
1
= 1,76
1
1
+
+ 0,27
6,61 6,87
t1 t 2
= 8,19 0
t1
C
ln
t 2
T : Qt = 3,6 . 1,76 . 15,47 . 8,19 = 802,77 (kJ)

Vy
qt=
QT
802 ,77
=
= 9,53 (kJ/kgm)
W
84 ,21
5.4.3.2. Tn tht qua trn:

1 = 0,02 (m); 1 = 1,55 (W/m)
Trn c: lp btng ct thp
2 = 0,15 (m); 2 = 0,745 (W/m)
lp cch nhit thy tinh dy
Cp nhit t tc nhn sy n mt di ca trn:

Cp nhit do i lu bc x / 1
Nu = 0,018 l Re 0,8 = 167,78
Suy ra
1 / =
Nu 167 ,78 0,027

=
= 4,11
R
1,1
Cp nhit do i lu t nhin 2 //
33
Chn nhit trn di l: 700C

Gi ttb l nhit trung bnh gia trn phng sy vi nhit trung bnh ca
tc nhn sy.
70 + 55
= 62 ,5 oC
2
ttb =
tT1= 70oC suy ra = 2,86 .10 2 ( W/moC)

= 20 ,40 .10 6 ( m2/s)
t1 = t T 1 t tb = 70 62,5 = 7,5 o C
T1= ttb + 273 = 62,5+273 = 335,5 K

T2= 2910C
Chun s Gratkov
gR 3 t1
9,81 1,13 7,5
=
= 7,01 .108
Gr =
2T1
(20,4 10 6 ) 2 335,5
Chun s Nuxen l:
Nu = 0,47 . Gr0,25 = 76,49
1 // =
Nu 76 ,49 0,027
=
= 1,88
R
1,1
1 = 1,2 ( 4,11 + 1,88 ) = 7,19 (ly k =1,2)
Nhit ti ring q1 = 1 t1 = 7,19 7,5 = 53,9
Cp nhit t bn ngoi n mi trng xung quanh:

2
i =1
0,02 0,15
+
= 0,21
1,55 0,745
Trong qua trnh truyn nhit n nh th:
34
tT 1 tT 2
q1= 2 i
i =1 i
2
suy ra :
tT1-tT2 = q1
i =1
i
i
suy ra :
tT2 = tT1 q1
i =1
i
= 70 53,9 . 0,21 = 58,50C
i
Hiu s nhit gia trn ngoi v khng kh:

t 2 = t T 2 t kk = 58 ,5 18 = 40 ,5 oC
Nhit bin gii gia trn ngoi v khng kh

tbg =
t T 2 + t kk
40,5 + 18
=
= 29,25 oC
2
2
Ti nhit ny tra bng c
= 0,0267
(W/mK)
=18 ,65 .10 6 (m2/s)
Cp nhit do i lu t nhin:
Nu = 0,47 . Gr0,25
Vi Gr l chun s Gratkov
gR 3 t 2
9,81 1,13 40,5
=
= 4,85. 109
Gr 2
T1
(18,65 10 6 ) 2 313,5
Chun s Nuxen l: Nu = 124,03

Vy h s cp nhit do i lu t nhin l:
2 / =
Nu
= 3,04
R
V b mt trn hng ln trn nn h s cp nhit i lu t nhin tng 30% vy ta

c h s cp nhit i lu t nhin thc t l:
2tt / = 3,95
Cp nhit do bc x:
35
//
C
= n o
T1 T2
T1 4 T2 4

100 100
; n = 0,9 ; Co=5,67
T1 = tT2 + 273 = 58,5 + 273 = 331,9 K

T2 = 291K
2 = 6,25
//
Suy ra
//
Vy
2 = / 2t t + 2
Nhit ti ring
q2 = 2 t 2 = 10 ,2 40 ,5 = 413 ,1
=3,95 + 6,25 = 10,2
Tn tht qua trn l:

Qtr = 3,6 . k . tr .t tb
k : l h s truyn nhit
1
k=
1
1
+
+ i
1 2 i =1 i
3
tr =
1
= 2,24
1
1
+
+ 0.21
7,19 10,2
( Rh + R ) Lh = (1,54 + 1,1) 5,29 = 6,98(m 2 )

2
t tb = 19 ,5 o C
Thay s vo ta c:
Qtr = 3,6 . 2,24 . 6,98 . 19,5 = 1097,6 (kJ)
Nhit ti ring :
qtr =
Qtr
1097 ,6
=
= 13 ,03 kJ/kg m
W
84 ,21
5.4.3.3. Tn tht qua nn:

Qn = 3,6 . q1 . F
q1: tn tht qua mt m2 (q1 = 53,89 kJ/kg m)
F : din tch nn tr = F = 8,15(m 2 )
36
Vy thay s vo ta c:
Qn = 3,6 . 53,89 . 8,15= 1581,13 (kJ)
Nhit ti ring:
Qn
1581 ,13
=
=18 ,78
W
84 ,21
qn =
(kJ/kg m)
5.4.3.4. Tn tht qua ca:

Qc = 3,6 . kc . c .t tb
Gi 1 l h s cp nhit t khng kh nng n ca trong
/
//
1 = k ( 1 + 1 )
1 / : h s cp nhit do cng bc ly 1 / = 3,48(ly gn bng h s cp nhit do

i lu cng bc i vi tng)
1 // : cp nhit do i lu t nhin
Gi nhit ca trong l tT1 = 650C
t1 = 70 65 = 5 o C
Nhit lp ngn cch

tbg=
t T 1 + 18 65 + 18
=
= 41,5 O C
2
2

= 0,0286
(W/m)
=19 ,20 .10 6 (m2/s)
Chun s Gratkov
Gr =
gH 3 t1
9,81 1,33 5
= 8,65 .10 8
=
2
12
2
19
,
20
10
338
T1
Chun s Nuxen l: Nu = 0,47 . Gr0,25 = 80,6

H s cp nhit do t nhin l:
37
1 // =
Nu 80 ,6 0,0286
=
= 1,77
H
1,3
h s cp nhit t trong khng kh nng n ca trong l :

1 = 1,2 (1,77 + 3,48 ) = 6,3 ta chn k =1,2
Nhit ti ring
q1 = 1 t1 = 6,3 5 = 31,5 (kJ/kg m)
Gi 2 l h s cp nhit t ca ngoi ra khng kh xung quanh

3
Ta c:
i =1
0,015 0,015 0,01

+
+
= 0,015
15,1
15,1 0,745
Trong qu trnh truyn nhit n nh th:

tT 1 tT 2
q1 = 3 i
i =1 i
i
i =1 i
3
suy ra tT 1 tT 2 = q1
Vi tT2 l nhit ca ngoi ca phng sy

i
= 65 31,5 0,015 = 64
i =1 i
3
tT2 = tT1- q1
t 2 = tT2 - tkk = 64-18 = 46 oC

t 2 : lch nhit gia ca ngoi phng sy vi khng kh
T2 = 319 K
Gi tbg l nhit ngn cnh ca ca phng sy:
tbg =
tT 2 + t kk 46 + 18
=
= 32 0C
2
2
Ti nhit ny tra bng c:

= 0,0267
(W/m)
=18 ,65 .10 6 (m2/s)
t ' 2 l chnh lch nhit gia lp ngn cnh ca phng sy vi khng kh bn
ngoi
38
t ' 2 = t bg 18 = 32 18 = 14 0C
Vy
Gr =
Vi
gH 3 t 2
2T2
9,81 1,33 14
=
= 2,84.109
2
12
18,65 10 305
T/2 = tbg + 273 = 32+273 = 305 K
Chun s Nuxen l: Nu = 0,47 . Gr0,25 = 108,54

Nu
2 ' = H =
h
108 ,54 0,0267

= 1,97
1,47
H s cp nhit do bc x :
Gi
T/1 = tbg +273 = 32+273 = 305

T2 = 291K
2
Suy ra
4
4
n C n T1 / T2

= /
= 5,4
T1 T2 100 100
//
2 = 2 +2
//
= 1,97+5,4= 7,37
Nhit ti ring
q2 = 2 t 2 = 7,37 46 = 339 ,02 (kJ)
Vy tn tht qua ca l:
Qc = 3,6 . kc . c .t tb
kc =
1
= 3,23
1
1
+
+ 0,015
6,3 7,37
Qc =3,6 . 3,23 . 1 . 18,5 = 214,83 (kJ)

qc =
Qc
214 ,83
=
= 2,55
W
84 ,21
5.4.3.5. Tng tn tht ca phng sy:
q = q
+ q tr + q n + q n = 9,53 +13 ,3 +18 ,78 +2,55 = 44 ,16 (kJ/kg
m)
39
5.4.4. Cn bng nhit lng:

Nhit lng caloriphe phi cung cp theo l thuyt:
Q1= L(I2 - I0) = 7076,17 . (101307 - 48090) = 3,77 . 108 (J/h)
Cho qu trnh l n nh th ta b qua nhit lng lm nng b phn vn chuyn
vt liu sy.
Nhit lng cung cp lm tng nhit ca vt liu sy.
Q2= G2C2( 2 1 ) = 15,79 . 3,48 . (70-18) = 2858 (kJ/h)
Nhit lng tn tht: Q3 = 214,83 (kJ)
Nhit do m mang vo Q4 = W.Cnc . 1 = 84,21 . 4,18 . 18 = 6336 (kJ/h)
Vy lng nhit caloriphe phi cung cp theo thc t l
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 - Q4 = 373739 (kJ/h)
Chng VI:
TNH TON CC THIT B PH
40
6.1. Caloriphe:
Thit b chn l loi ng chm.Khng kh nng i ngoi ng, hi nc i trong
ng. Hai lu th chuyn ng cho dng.
6.1.1. Chn kch thc truyn nhit:
Chn ng truyn nhit bng ng,c gn nng h s truyn nhit,h s dn
nhit ca ng l
=385
W/m (bng I.123, trang 125, [2]).
Chn ng:
-ng knh ngoi ca ng
dng = 0,03 (m)
-ng knh trong ca ng
dtr = 0,025(m)
-Chiu dy ca ng
-ng knh ca gn
Dg = 1.4 dng = 0,042(m)
-Bc gn
bg = 0,01 m
-Chiu cao ca gn
-Chiu di ca ng
= 1,2 (m)
-S gn trong trn mt ng
= b = 120
-B dy bc gn
= 0,002 (m)
-Tng chiu di ca gn
Lg = b.m = 0,002.120 = 0,24(m)
-Tng chiu di khng gn
Lkg = l-Lg = 1,2 0,24 = 0,96(m)
Lng khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh sy:

l = 84,03( Kg/Kgm)
L = 7076,17( Kg/h)
Nhit ca khng kh ban u khi hi lu :
t0 = 180C
41
d ng d tr
2
D g d ng
2
= 0,0025 (m)
= 0,006 (m)
Nhit khng kh sau khi ra khi caloriphe l t1 = 700C

Lng khng kh kh i vo caloriphe l:
V=6616,22 (m3/h)
H s cp nhit 1
+Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh trong caloriphe ttb
ttb = thn - t tb
M:
t tb =
t d t c
t
ln d
t c
+Chn nhit hi nc khi vo l thnd = 1300C

+Chn nhit hi nc khi ra l thnc = 1150C
Nn ta c:
t d = t hnd t d = 130 18 = 112 0C
tc = t hnc t c = 115 70 = 45 o C
Thay s vo ta c:
t tb = 73,47 o C
Suy ra :
ttb = 130 73,47 = 56,530C
ng vi gi tr ttb, tra bng I.255, trang 318, [2]:

=1,080 (kg/m3)
= 0,0287
(W/m.)
=18 ,75 .10 6 (m2/s)
=19 ,8.10 6 (N.s/m2)
Pr = 0,697
6.1.2. Tnh ton:
Din tch b mt ca mt ng (pha trong ca ng):
42
Ftr = .dtr.l = 3,14 . 0,025 . 1,2 = 0,0942( m2)

Din tch mt ngoi ca ng:
Fng = .dng.l = 3,14 . 0,03 . 1,2= 0,11309 (m2)
Din tch phn b mt ngoi ca mt ng:
Fbm = Fgn+Fkgn
-Din tch phn c gn
Fgn = D g Lg +
2
D g d 2 ng = 0,0323(m2)
4
4
-Din tch phn khng gn

Fkgn = Lkg. .d ng = 0,0904 (m2)
Vy :
Fbm = 0,0323 + 0,0904 = 0,1227 (m2)
Chn s ng xp hng l:
i = 30
Khong cch gia cc ng ny ng kia l 0,007(m)
Khong cch gia ng ngoi cng dn caloriphe l 0,01 (m)
Din tch t do ca caloriphe l Ftd
-Chiu di ca c caloriphe l
Lx = 0,01 . 2 + (30-1) 0,007 + 30 . 0,042 = 1,483(m)
-Din tch tit din ca c caloriphe l
Fx = Lx . l = 1,483 . 1,2 = 1,7796 (m2)
-Din tch cn ca gn l:
Fcg = Dg . Lg . i = 0,042 . 0,24 . 30 = 0,3024 (m2)
-Din tch cn ca ng l:
Fcng = dng . Lkg . I = 0,03 . 0,96 . 30 = 0,864( m2)
Vy din tch phn t do:
43
Ftd = Fx - Fcng - Fcg = 1,7796 0,864 0,3024 = 0,3868 (m2)

Vn tc ca khng kh
kk =
V
6616 ,22
=
= 4,75 (m/s)
Ftd
0,3868 3600
H s cp nhit t hi nc bo ho n b mt ngang ca ng:

1 = 2,04 A (
Vi
r
) 0, 25 (W/m2)
H t
H=1,2 : chiu cao ng

r : n nhit ho hi J/kg (Tra bng I.250, [2])
r = 2179 (kJ/kg) = 520,1 (kcal/kg )
-H s A c tr s ph thuc vo nhit :
Chn tT = 1100C : Nhit thnh ng trong ca ng
Vy ttb =
t T + t hnd 110 + 130

=
= 120 o C
2
2
Tra [2], trang 231 ta c:

A = 188
- t : hiu s nhit gia nhit hi ngng t v nhit thnh caloriphe:
t bh
= thn - tT = 130 - 120 = 100C
Vy thay s vo ta tnh c:
1 = 262 ,8
(W/m2)
q1 = 2628 (kJ/kg m)
Tnh h s cp nhit t mt ngoi ng n khng kh chuyn ng trong caloriphe
2
-Lu th chy qua bn ngoi ng chm ng c gn:

Nu = C
d ng
b
g
0 , 54
b
g
0 ,14
44
Re Pr
0, 4
Trong :
Dng : ng knh ngoi ca ng; dng = 0,03 (m)
bg : bc ca gn ; bg = 0,01 (m)
h
:chiu cao gn ; hg = 0,006 (m)
C, n : cc i lng ph thuc cch xp ng

i vi ng xp hng : C = 0,116 ; n =0,72
-Chun ss Reynol :
Re =
kk bg
4,75 0,01
=
= 2533
18,75 10 6
Re > 2300 : Khng kh chy theo ch qu

Pr = 0,697
0 , 54
Vy
Nu = 0,116
0,03
0,01
0 ,14
0,006
0,01
Re
0 , 72
-H s cp nhit i lu:
2 =
16 ,82 0,0287
= 48 ,26
0,01
-H s cp nhit i lu thc t:
2tt = 95,25
Vy
1
= 22,4
k = 1 + 1 + Fbm
2tt 1 Ftr
6.1.3. Xc nh b mt truyn nhit:

-Lng nhit do caloriphe cung cp: Q=373739 (kJ/h)
-Hiu sut caloriphe ly = 0,9
-Lng nhit thc t do caloriphe cp:
Qt =
Qs
373739
= 415266 (J/kg)
0,9
45
Pr 0, 4 = 16 ,82
-Gi D l lng hi nc tiu tn trong 1h

Qt = D.r suy ra D =
Qt
415266
=
2179
r
= 191 (kg)
-Th tch nc tiu hao trong 1h:

V =
191
= 177
1,080
(m3/h)
-Lng nhit thc t truyn t hi nc trong ng n thnh ng:

Qt = 3,6.k.F. t tb
Suy ra
F=
Qt
415266
=
= 70 ,09 ( m2)
3,6.k .t tb
3,6 22 ,4 73,47
-B mt truyn nhit thc:

Ft = kF ; k = 1,2 n 1,5
Chn k = 1,2
Suy ra
Ft = 70,09 . 1,2 = 84,11(m2)
-B mt truyn nhit trung bnh:
Fbm + Ftr
0,1227 + 0,0942
=
= 0,1085 (m2)
2
2
-S ng truyn nhit trong caloriphe:

n=
Ft
84,11
=
= 776 ng
Ftb 0,1085
-S ng xp theo chiu ngang:

n
i
m= =
776
= 26 ng
30
Vy kch thc caloriphe:

+Chiu di ca caloriphe
46
Lx = 1,483 (m)
+Chiu rng caloriphe:
Bx = (26-1) 0,007 + 0,01.2 + 26.0,042 = 1,287(m)
+Chiu cao caloriphe l:
Hx = H+2.a = 1,2 + 0,02 = 1,22( m)
a: l khe h 2 bn
6.2. Qut:
Qut l b phn vn chuyn khng kh v to p sut cho dng kh i qua cc
thit b: caloriphe, my sy, ng ng, cyclon. Nng lng do qut to ra cung cp
cho dng kh mt p sut ng hc di chuyn v mt phn khc phc tr lc
trn ng ng vn chuyn.
Nng sut ca qut c c trng bi th tch kh i vo hay i ra thit b sy.
6.2.1. Tnh tr lc:
6.2.1.1. Tr lc t ming qut n caloriphe:
Chn ng ni t qut n caloriphe c ng knh l 0,38 m.
-Vn tc kh i trong ng l:
47
d =
L
3600 F
=1,200 (kg/m3) t0 = 180C
Ta c
F=
d 2
4
3,14 0,38 2
= 0,1134 ( m2)
4
L = 7076,17 (Kg/h)
d =14 ,44 (m/s)
Vy
Chun s Reynol l :
Re =
d d 14 ,44 0,38
=
= 36 ,83 .10 4
6
18
14 ,90 10
Re = 36,83.10 4 > 10 4 khng kh i trong ng theo ch chy xoy

-Chuyn ng chy xoy da lm 3 vng:
+Vng 1: nhn thu lc hc; khu vc ny nhm khng nh hng n
h s ma st
8
Regh =
7
6 d

7
6 0,38
= 74017 ,17
4
10
=10 4 : nhm tuyt i ca ng (bng II-15, trang 381, [2])

+Vng 2: khu vc nhm; khu vc ny h s ma st ph thuc vo
nhm m khng ph thuc vo Re
9
8
Ren = 220 d = 220. 0,38

4

Vy
10
9
8
= 2342497 ,99
Regh<Re<Ren
+Vng 3:
10 4
= 2,63 .10 4 thuc
0,38
trong khong (8.10 5 ; 1250.10 5 )
Vy h s ma st c tnh theo cng thc 11.64, trang 380, [2]:
48
= 0,1 1,46
100
Re
0 , 25
= 0,016
Vy tr lc trn ng t ming qut n caloriphe l :

P1 =
l2
2d
0,016 2 1,200 14 ,44 2

= 10 ,54
2 0,38
(N/m2)
6.2.1.2. Tr lc do caloriphe:
-Nhit trung ca khng kh nng trong caloriphe l:
ttb =
70 + 18
= 44 o C
2
= 0,0279
(W/m)
=1,120 (kg/m3)
=17 ,36 .10 6 (m2/s)
Vn tc ca khng kh trong caloriphe l:

=
Vi
F = Hx.Bx = 1,22
kk =
L
3600 ..F
1,287 = 1,57 (m2)
7076 ,17
=1,118
3600 1,120 1,57
(m/s)
-Chun s Reynol l:
Re =
kk d td
= 24472 ,4
Re>10 4 vy khng kh chuyn ng theo ch chy xoy

Do ng sp theo kiu hnh lang nn: (cng thc II.72, trang 404, [2])
s
d
= (6 + 9m)
0 , 23
( Re ) 0, 26
Vi s l khong cnh cc ng theo phng ct ngang ca ng dng chuyn ng

(theo chiu rng ca dng)
49
s = 0,007 + 0,007 + 0,02/2 = 0,024 (m)

m l s dy chm theo phng chuyn ng
m = 30
d ng knh ng : d = Dg = 0,042 (m)
Suy ra
=22,68
Vy tr lc do caloriphe l:
P2 =
2
2
= 22 ,68 1,120
1,118 2
= 15 ,88 (N/m2)
2
6.2.1.3. Tr lc do t m vo caloriphe:
-Din tch ca mt ct ngang ca ng y
2
Fo =
0.38
2

= 0,113 m
2
-Din tch ct ngang ca caloriphe l :

Ft = Hx.Bx = 1,57( m2)
T s
F0 0,113
=
= 0,072
Ft
1,57
Tra [2] (trang 387), ta c = 0,867

Vy tr lc do t m vo caloriphe l:
P3 =
2
2
= 0,753 1,12
14 ,44 2
= 101 ,24 (N/m2)
2
6.2.1.4. Tr lc do t thu t caloriphe ra ng dn khng kh nng:

= 20 ,02 .10 6 (m2/s)
Khng kh nng c nhit t = 700C
=1,029 (kg/m3)
Din tch ct ngang ca khng kh nng

F2 =
0,38 2
= 0,113 (m2)
4
50
Vn tc ca khng kh nng trong ng

kk =
L
= 16 ,9 (m/s)
3600 ..F2
-Chun s Reynol:
Re =
kk .d
16 ,9 0,38
=
= 320864
20,02 *10 6
Re>10 4 :Vy khng kh chuyn ng theo ch xoy

F2
= 0,072
Ft
T s
Tra [2] (trang 388), ta c: = 0,867

Vy tr lc do t thu caloriphe l:
kk 2
P4 =
= 127,3 (N/m2)
2
6.2.1.5. Tr lc ng ng dn khng kh t caloriphe n phng sy:

Chn ng ng di 1,5(m)
ng knh ng d = 0,38 (m)
Tnh ton ging ng t ming qut n caloriphe ta c:
Regh<Re<Ren
Nn kh khu vc qu = 0,016
Vy tr lc trn ng ngdn kh l:
P5 =
.l..2
2.d
0,016 1,5 1,029 16 ,9 2

= 9,28
2 0,38
6.2.1.6. Tr lc t m vo phng sy:

-Din tch mt ngang ng Fo = 0,113 m2
-Din tch ngang ca phng sy F1 = H.R =1,3 . 1,1 = 1,43 (m2)
51
Fo
= 0,079 ; tra [2] (trang 387) c = 0,9
F1
Vy tr lc t m vo phng sy l:
P6 =
2
2
= 0,9 1,029
16 ,9 2
= 132 ,25 (N/m2)
2
6.2.1.7. Tr lc do t thu ra khi phng sy:

Nhit ra khi phng sy l t2 = 400C =1,128 (Kg/m3)
=16 ,96 .10 6 (m2/s)
Chun s Reynol :
Re =
d
16 ,9 0,38
=
= 378655
16 ,96 10 6
Re >10 4 khng kh theo ch chy xoy.

Tra [2] (trang 387), ta c = 0,9
Vy tr lc P7 =
2
2
= 0,9 1,128
16 ,9 2
= 145 ( N/m2)
2
6.2.1.8. Tr lc ca phng sy:

Ta c th chn
P8 =1000
(N/m2)
6.2.1.9. Tng tr lc ca c h thng:

H p = P1 +.......... . +P8
H p = 1541,49 (N/m2)
6.2.2. Tnh chn qut:
p sut lm vic ton phn c tnh theo [2] (trang 463):
H = Hp
273 + t 0 760 k
293
760
Hp: Tr lc tnh ton ca h thng (Hp = 1541,49 N/m2)

t0: Nhit lm vic (= 180C)
B = 760 mm Hg: p sut ti ni t qut
52
:Khi lng ring ca ca kh ktc =1,181 (kg/m3)

k : khi lng ring ca kh k lm vic k = 1,200 (kg/m3)
H = 1555,6 (N/m2)
T cc th c tuyn ca qut (trang 485, [2]), ta chn qut II4.70N o12 , c nng
sut khong 7000 m3/h; hiu sut khong 0,65.
Chng VII:
TNH GI THNH THIT B
Cc chi ph cn tnh ton cho thit b sy bng ti bao gm:

1 bng ti vn chuyn (gm c ng c)
1 hm sy c bc lp cch nhit
1 thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm
2 qut lm nhim v ht v thi khng kh (gm c ng c)
H thng ng ng dn kh
Cc thit b o v kim sot qu trnh
Cc thit b ph tr khc
53
Chi ph thit k v ch to (200% tng cc chi ph trn) v chi ph lp t

(10% tng cc chi ph trn)
Ta c th da vo mt s cng thc tnh c lng (t trang 719 n 728, [9])
tnh ton s b gi thnh thit b:
Bng 7.1: Bng tnh gi thnh thit b
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
lng
Bng ti vn chuyn
1
Hm sy bc lp cch nhit
1
Thit b trao i nhit
1
Qut
2
H thng ng ng dn kh
1
Cc thit b o v kim sot
1
Thit b ph tr
1
Chi ph thit k v ch to
1
Chi ph lp t
1
Tng cng
Tn thit b
Vy gi s b ca thit b l 28.458 USD.
54
n gi
(USD)
3600
1000
2000
340
1200
200
500
200% cc chi ph trn
10% cc chi ph trn
Gi thnh
(USD)
3600
1000
2000
680
1200
200
500
18360
918
28458
KT LUN
H thng sy c rt bng bng ti c nng sut kh nh (1.500 kg/ngy) nn sau

khi tnh ton, kich thc thit b cng nh mt vi thng s tnh ton cng cha ph
hp vi cc thng s thit b trn thc t. Cc ti liu v sy c rt cng cha tht r
rng sinh vin c th tnh ton ht mi thng s ca h thng.
Vic thit k, tnh ton cc h thng sy ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc s liu thc
nghim nh cc s liu m ban u, ng cong gim m, ng cong tc
sy, Tuy nhin, do iu kin khng cho php nn trong phm vi n ny khng
th thc hin th nghim thc t trn nguyn liu c rt. Do , cc s liu v
phng php tnh ton trn y da vo nhiu ngun ti liu khc nhau dn n vic
khng ng nht trong tnh ton cng nh sai s trong kt qu sau cng.
Mc d h thng sy bng ti hin nay c s dng kh ph bin trong cng
nghip thc phm nhng do cc sinh vin cha c tham quan thc t nn a phn
cc tnh ton cn thin v l thuyt, i ch cha hp l v khng khoa hc. Chng
em mong thy c nhn xt v hng dn thm gp phn hon thin n mn
hc hn.
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Bi Vn Min; My ch bin thc n gia sc; NXB Nng Nghip; 2004
2. Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, H L Vin; S tay qu trnh v thit b
cng ngh ha cht tp 1; NXB Khoa Hc V K Thut H Ni; 1992
3. Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, Phm Xun Ton; S tay qu trnh v
thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2; NXB Khoa Hc V K Thut H Ni; 1992
4. Nguyn Vn La; K thut sy vt liu; i hc Bch Khoa TPHCM
5. V B Minh, V Vn Bang; Qu trnh v thit b tp 3 Truyn Khi;
NXB i hc Quc Gia TPHCM; 2004
6. Trng Vnh; Truyn nhit v truyn khi; i hc Nng Lm TPHCM;
2005
7. Nguyn Th M; Kha lun tt nghip Nghin cu ng dng sy tng si
c rt; i hc Nng Lm TPHCM; 2008
8. L Phc Minh Tr; n sy bng ti; i hc Bch Khoa Nng;
2004
9. www.vn.wikipedia.org/wiki
10.
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki
11.
http://dictionary.bachkhoatoanthu.gov.vn/default.aspx?
param=1633aWQ9MzE0NzUmZ3JvdXBpZD0ma2luZD1zdGFydCZrZXl3b3Jk
PWM=&page=1
12.
http://student.kuleuven.be/~m0232264/swfh/s_17.htm
13.
http://www.suckhoe.com.vn/khoe24/index.php/Dinh-duong/Thuc-
pham-bo-duong/ca-rt-carotenoid.Khoe24
14.
http://hau1.info/forum/attachment.php?
attachmentid=126&d=1163168052
15.
http://ttmindustry.vn

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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH

THIT K H THNG SY C RT BNG BNG TI

H v tn sinh vin: inh Khc Hong (05139087)

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

THIT K H THNG SY C RT BNG BNG TI

Sinh vin thc hin:

Gio vin hng dn:

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

NHN XT CA GING VIN

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Danh sch cc hnh v bng..................................................................................vi

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Chng V: TNH TON THIT B V CN BNG NHIT LNG

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

6.2.2. Tnh chn qut.........................................................................................53

DANH SCH CC HNH

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Hnh 2.1: Thit b sy bng ti..............................................................................10

DANH SCH CC BNG

Vit Nam l mt trong cc nc c nn sn xut nng nghip lu i trn th

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU C RT

1.1. Phn loi khoa hc:

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

cc, c nhiu mu ty theo tng chng loi; cc loi c rt thng gp c mu trng,

Hnh 1.1: Cc b phn ca cy c rt

C rt c ngun gc t khu vc Bc Phi, Ty Nam v chu u, nhng hin nay

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

1.2. Thnh phn dinh dng v cng dng:

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Hnh 1.2: Phn tht ca c c rt

ng trong c rt ch yu l ng n (nh fructose, glucose) chim ti 50%

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Cc carotenoid rt tt cho s tng trng ca tr t nh cho n khi dy th nu

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

1.3. Phn b, thi v:

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY

2.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh sy:

2.2. Phn loi qu trnh sy:

Phng php sy bc x: ngun nhit cung cp cho qu trnh sy l thc hin

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Phng php sy thng hoa: c thc hin bng lm lnh vt sy ng thi

Phng php sy phun: c dng sy cc sn phm dng lng.

Bc x: s dn truyn nhit bc x t vt liu nng n vt liu m.

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

2.3. Thit b sy bng ti:

Hnh 2.1: Thit b sy bng ti

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Hnh 2.2: Cu to my sy bng ti nhiu cp

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

QUY TRNH CNG NGH

Hnh 3.1: S quy trnh cng ngh

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh:

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

ca sn phm sau qu trnh ct phi ng u v kch thc, khng b dp nt, gy,

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

Hnh 3.2: Nguyn l sy i lu

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti

n QTTB - Sy c rt bng bng ti