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Tn: Trng th Hu Lp: DH5PN

HIN TRNG V CCH X L RC THI SINH HOT AN GIANG 1.t vn


Vn rc thi ang l mi quan tm hng u c th ln nng thn v cho n nay vn ny vn cha c bin php t chc x l hu hiu nn nguy c nhim mi trng cng cao. Trung bnh, c nc ta mi nm thi ra lng rc thi ln ng k - 15 triu tn. Mi ngy mi ngi thi trong sinh hot chng 0,6kg. Theo thng k t u nm 2005 n nay, trn a bng An Giang ch mi thu gom khong 30% rc thi,cn li 70% xung sng ngi, kinh rch. Tnh ra, mi ngy c tnh c khong 1.000 tn rc thi, nhng thc t tnh mi c hai bi rc ln l thnh ph Long Xuyn v th x Chu c. Lng rc thi ln nhng ton tnh mi c 206 ngi lm cng vic thu dn rc v ch c 197 phong tin thu gom rc (http://www.monre.gov.vn/monrenet/default.aspx? tabid=210&idmid=&ItemID=13842). Do , cng tc tm cc bin php k thut hiu qu v t chc thc hin tt nhm gim thiu nguy hi cng nh chi ph cho vic x l cht thi l rt cp thit i vi cc c quan nh nc, qun l mi trng v cng ng dn c.

2. Khi nim v nhng nhim do rc


Khi nim: Rc thi sinh hot gm thc phm tha, giy vn, vt liu snh s, ph thi, bc nilong, dng c trong gia nh nhim do rc: Nhng ni vc vt rc ba bi sinh ra mui, rui nhng l nhng sinh vt truyn nhim s gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi (st rt, st xut huyt, bnh vim no,) Rc lm thc n cho chut, t chut d ly lan cho ngi cc bnh nh: dch hch, st c th dn n t vong. Rc gy mi hi thi kh chu cho xung quanh. Mt s ngi bi mc rc, lm cc bao ny nilong, giy vnem phi ba bi trn cc con ng to nn nhim. Quan trng hn na l vic cc h gia nh vt rc sinh hot xung sng gy nhim ngun nc.

3. Nhng nguyn nhn dn n nhim do rc thi sinh hot


Trnh hiu bit ca ngui dn cn thp (khng thy r tc hi ca vic vt rc thi ba bi v tm quan trng trong vic bo v mi trng, khng bit tn dng ph phm tha lm phn bn).

thc, trch nhim cn km (khng b rc ng ni quy nh, bo th khng mun thc hin theo nhng ch trng v bo v mi trng ra v s tn tin). Cc cp chnh quyn a phng cn l l i vi vic qun l mi trng. khu vc th, qu trnh th ha hin nay ko theo mt s lng ngi dn nng thn ra thnh ph sng gy nn nhng xo trn ln lao trong sinh hot cc vng dn c v vn rc thi ang c nguy c ngy cng tng, c bit l trong cc th mi, khu kinh t tp trung nh nh mi mc nhiu gy kh khn cho thu gom, nh qu ngho hoc nh giu khng mun ha nhp cng ng dn n tnh trng khng gi v sinh chung (nh trn c th vt rc xung sn gy nhim), cc khu th ha dc trc giao thng, cc trung tm cng nghip tp trung khng c qun l cht ch.

4. Hin trng cc bi rc trong tnh


Ton tnh c 188 bi rc thuc thnh ph, th trn, x nhng ch c 74 bi rc phc v x l 115 ch. Cc bi rc a phn qu ti, phng tin thu gom rc cha p ng nhu cu, v tr xy dng bi rc u t pht, khng c thit k ng quy cch m bo an ton, nn hu ht cc bi rc cc ch v cc x u b ngp trong thi gian l. Khong cch t bi rc n nh dn xung quanh t 2m- >1000m. Mt s bi rc c khong cch xa khu dn c t 500m tr ln, cn ton b cc bi rc cn li u gn khu vc nh dn, khng m bo an ton theo quy nh. Mt im na l, ch c mt s bi rc th, trung tm th x, th trn c khong cch tng i xa ngun nc mt, cn s cn li th ch yu tp tung ven sng rch. (s liu nm 2003).

5. Bin php khc phc


Cn tip tc y mnh cng tc tuyn truyn bng nhiu hnh thc nhm khng ngng nng cao nhn thc bo v mi trng trong nhn dn (m cc bui hp dn, s dng t ri, pht thanh, truyn hnh,) Ban hnh quy nh thu ph phc hi mi trng t cc c s c ngun thi nhm b sung kinh ph cho bo v mi trng v gim thiu thit hi sc khe con ngi. Quy hoch li cc bi cha rc, bi chn rc cho ph hp (a im). Xy dng mi x c c s x l rc ti s dng ph liu v lm phn bn. Khuyn khch s thu gom rc ca ngi dn bng cch dy h lm phn bn hoc trao i rc vi cc dng c hc sinh. C chnh sch u t hn na tng cng sut x l rc, nhm ngn s qu ti ca cc bi cha rc sau ny. nhng bi cha rc ln, xy dng trang tri nui heo hoc g trng tn dng nhng rc thi nh cc th rau, thc n tha v cc thc phm khc, s cn li th em x l lm phn, hoc t v em chn. Tng cng vai tr ca hc sinh sinh vin trong vic bo v mi trng nh t chc thu gom, kim tra vic thi hnh ca cc h gia nh (tp trung nng thn).

C chnh sch h tr v to vic lm cho ngi ngho thng qua vic x l rc. S dng nhng ch phm sinh hc x l rc (cc loi DDT, hoc cc loi thuc xt, thuc dit tr chut, b). Hin nay c nhng h thng x l hin i. l cng ngh seraphin, cng ngh ny c kh nng x l rc thi rt trit (90%) lm phn hu c, rt ph hp vi iu kin th Vit Nam, vi gi thnh u t thp(30-40%) so vi cng ngh nhp t nc ngoi. Tm li, c nhiu kinh nghim, bin php x l rc thi khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cc bin php ny c th thch hp vi ni ny nhng khng thch hp vi ni khc, c th thch hp vo thi im ny nhng vo thi im khc li khng thch hp. Do , chng ta cn nghin cu tm ra gii php tt nht TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Tp ch Bo V Mi Trng. S 12 nm 2006 2. K yu Cc Ti Nghin Cu Khoa Hc Giai on 2000-2004
3. http://www.monre.gov.vn/monrenet/default.aspx? tabid=210&idmid=&ItemID=13842 4. Nguyn Th Ngc n. Qun Tr Mi Trng v Ti Nguyn Thin

Nhin. Nh xut bn nng nghip 2001.


5. http://www.monre.gov.vn/monrenet/default.aspx? tabid=209&idmid=&ItemID=15717 6. http://72.14.235.104/search? q=cache:BSR8tMNC6w8J:sokhoahoccn.angiang.gov.vn/xemnoidung.asp %3Fmaid%3D93%26page%3D23%26+%22r%C3%A1c+th%E1%BA %A3i+sinh+ho%E1%BA%A1t%22%2B%22nguy%C3%AAn+nh%C3%A2n %22%2B%22an+giang%22&hl=vi&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=vn

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