tổng quan về gprs

I HC BCH KHOA H NI KHOA IN T VIN THNG *********
N TT NGHIP
TI:
TNG QUAN V MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM - GPRS
GIO VIN HNG DN SINH VIN THC HIN LP
:TS. NGUYN HU THANH :NGUYN MINH NGC :06TM 02T
H Ni, 2009
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Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T
LI NI U
Trong thi i cng ngh thng tin ngy nay, khi nim GSM GPRS khng cn l lm i vi nhng ngi s dng in thoi di ng. GSM (Global System For Mobile Communication) hay cn gi l h thng truyn thng di ng ton cu s dng hon ton k thut s khc vi h thng mng in thoi analog c in nh AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service: Dch v in thoi di ng cao cp). GSM l mt h thng ca Chu u c thit k theo k thut tn hiu s. No khng tng thich vi cac h thng trc o va nh vy no khng bi rang buc bi nhu cu phai tng thich. Sau ny h thng mng GPRS (General Packet Radio Service mng thng tin di ng th h 2,5G) c pht trin da trn nn tng ca mng GSM. l dch v v tuyn gi chung c Vin Tiu chun Vin thng Chu u tiu chun ha vo nm 1993 s dng phng thc a truy nhp theo thi gian TDMA. Cng ngh m trc y khng kh thi i vi mng GSM th by gi c th trin khai v cung cp nhng ng dng Internet v tuyn hp dn hn cho s lng ln ngi s dng. V GPRS c thit k cho php ngi s dng lun c kt ni m khng cn s dng thm cc ngun lc ph tr nn GPRS mang li nhng c hi kinh doanh mi cho cc nh khai thc dch v di ng nhm tng doanh thu bng vic a ra nhng dch v IP mi v thu ht thm nhng khch hng mi vi chi ph hp l cho ngi s dng u cui. V mt u t ca nh khai thc vic nhanh chng y mnh mc bao ph dch v l c th v GPRS tn dng c mt cch hiu qu mng v tuyn GSM. Cc mng thng tin di ng hin nay Vit Nam nh Viettel, Vina phone, Mobi fone.. cng cung cp dch v GPRS cho ngi s dng vi gi thnh hp l. Trong Viettel s dng gii php GPRS ca Ericsson c thit k y nhanh vic trin khai GPRS m vn gi cho chi ph u vo thp. Cc khi
Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS
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chc nng ca mng GSM ch cn nng cp phn mm, ngoi tr BSC cn nng cp c phn cng. Trong mng GPRS c hai nt mng mi, nt mng h tr phc v GPRS (Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN) v nt mng h tr cng GPRS (Gateway GPRS Support Node GGSN) c gii thiu. Trong gii php ca Ericsson, hai nt mng ny c th c kt hp thnh mt nt vt l. Mt s trin khai linh hot GPRS l c th, v d: bt u vi nt mng GPRS tp trung hp c SGSN v GGSN. bc tip theo, node tp trung c th c tch ra thnh SGSN v GGSN chuyn dng. Trn c s nhng kin thc tch lu trong nhng nm hc tp chuyn ngnh in T - Vin Thng ti lp 06TM02T ti trng cn b cng thng TW lin kt ca trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni v sau thi gian thc tp ti i k thut 11 chi nhnh k thut H Ni thuc Tng cng ty vin thng qun i-Viettel telecom cng vi s hng dn ca thy Nguyn Hu Thanh, em tm hiu, nghin cu v hon thnh n tt nghip vi ti Tng quan v mng thng tin di ng GSM - GPRS. Em xin chn thnh cm n i trng i k thut 11 Bi B Qun, t trng t k thut Nguyn c Ti v ngi trc tip hng dn thc t L Xun Cnh, V Vn Chinh to iu kin gip em trong t thc tp tt nghip. ng thi, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy Nguyn Hu Thanh cng vi t trng t k thut anh Nguyn c Ti v cc anh thuc t k thut thuc i k thut 11 chi nhnh k thut H Ni thuc Tng cng ty vin thng qun i-Viettel telecom trc tip hng dn v gip em hon thnh n tt nghip ny. H Ni, Ngy 25 Thng 5 Nm 2009 Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn Minh Ngc
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DANH SCH HNH MINH HA

Hnh 1.1. Th phn thng tin di ng trn th gii nm 2006...........................13 Hnh 1.2. Phn cp cu trc a l mng GSM..................................................14 Hnh 1.3. Base Station Controller B iu khin trm gc............................21 Hnh 2.1. Cu trc ca mt mng GPRS............................................................23 Hnh 2.2: Tc knh truyn trong GPRS.........................................................26 Hnh 2.3: Tc cho cc dch v ng dng GPRS............................................26 Hnh 3.1: Cc khi ca mng GPRS....................................................................29 Hnh 4.1. Lu trng thi nhp/tch khi GPRS............................................38 Hnh 4.2. Ri khi GPRS do MS khi xng.....................................................41 Hnh 4.3. Rt tch kt hp GPRS/VLR do MS khi xng..............................42 Hnh 5.1: Qu trnh m ha..................................................................................44 Hnh 5.2. Cp nht vng nh tuyn trong mt SGSN......................................49 Hnh 5.3. Cp nht vng nh tuyn ngoi SGSN..............................................52 Hnh 5.4. Cp nht kt hp vng nh tuyn trong cng mt SGSN v vng nh v trong cng mt MSC................................................................................55 Hnh 5.5: Cp nht kt hp vng nh v ngoi MSC v vng nh tuyn trong cng mt SGSN......................................................................................................58 Hnh 5.6: Kt hp cp nht nh v ngoi MSC v nh tuyn ngoi SGSN...60 Hnh 5.7: Kch hot giao thc PDP do MS khi to..........................................65 Hnh 5.8: Ngng hot ng khung giao thc PDP do MS khi to..................68 Hnh 5.9: Nhn tin GPRS.....................................................................................71
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DANH SCH T VIT TT

A AGCH ANSI Access Grant Channel American National Standards Institude B BSC BSS BTS BCCH Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem Base Transceiver Station Broadcast Control Channel C CDMA Code Division Multiple Access Cell CGI CEPT Cellular Cell Global Identity Confrence Europennedes (t bo) S nh danh ca Cell Hip hi bu chnh vin thng Chu a truy nhp phn chia theo m B iu khin trm gc Phn h trm gc Trm thu pht gc Knh iu khin qung b Knh truy cp khung Tiu chun GSM 1900 ca M
Postes et Tlcommunications u CPU Cyclic Redundancy Check D FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access DL Down Link D liu xung a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s n v iu khin trung tm.
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DNS
Domain Name Server E
Server tn min
EIR ETSI
Equipment Identity Register
B ghi danh tnh thit b
European Telecommunication Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u Standards Institude G
GGSN GSM
Gateway GPRS Support Node Nt nh tuyn ca GPRS Global System for Mobile Communication Thng tin di ng ton cu
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi chung H
HLR
Home Location Register I
B ng k nh v thng tr
IMSI
International Mobile Station Indentity L
S hiu nhn dng thu bao di ng
LA LAI LLC
Location Area Location Area Identity Logic Link Control N
Vng nh v S nh danh cho LA iu khin lin kt logic
NSAPI
Network Service Access Point Identifier
im truy cp dch v mng
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M MS MSC Mobile station Mobile Service Switching Center MoU Memorandum of Understanding MT Mobile terminal P PAGCH PCS Packet Access Grant Channel Personal communications Service PCU Packet Control Unit Khi iu khin Mng d liu gi Giao thc d liu gi Knh lu lng d liu gi Chun GSM ban u s dng bng tn 900 MHz PPCH PRACH Packet Paging Channel Packet Random Access Channel PTP-CLNS Point To Point Connectionless Network Service
Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS 7
Trm di ng Tng i di ng
Bn ghi nh ca 12 nc Chu u
u cui di ng
Knh cho php truy cp gi Dch v lin lc c nhn
PDM Packet Data Network PDP Packet Data Protocol PDTCH P-GSM
Packet Data Traffic Channel Primary GSM
Knh nhn tin gi Knh truy cp gi ngu nhin
Dch v mng khng hng kt ni
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PTP-CONS Point To Point Connection Otiented Network Service P-TMSI Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity R RAI RAC RACH Routing Area Identity Routing Area Code Random Access Channel S SGSN SF SS SMS-C SDP Serving GPRS Support Node Stealing Flag Switching System
Dch v mng hng kt ni
S nhn dng thu bao di ng tam thi
S nhn dng vng nh tuyn M vng nh tuyn mi Knh truy cp ngu nhin
Nt phc v cc thu bao GPRS C chim khung H thng chuyn mch
Short Message Service Center Trung tm dch v tin nhn Standard Data Protocols T Nhng ng dng theo d liu chun
TDMA TE TFI TLLI
Time DivisionMutiple Access a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian Terminal equipment Temporary Flow Identifier Temporary Logical Link Identifier U Thit b u cui Lung tc thi Tuyn logic tm thi
USF
Uplink State Flag
C trng thi tuyn ln

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UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System V
Th h th ba ca thng tin di ng (3G)
VLR
Visitor Location Register
B ghi v tr tm tr
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PHN M U
ti c chia lm ba phn:
Phn I: LCH S PHT TRIN VIN THNG V XU HNG
PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG
Phn II: LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA MNG
GSM GPRS Phn I: ca ti s cp ti nhng vn c bn nht v mng thng tin di ng Phn II: Trnh by nhng vn c bn v mng thng tin di ng GSM (2G) Phn III: Trnh by nhng vn c bn v mng thng tin di ng GPRS (2,5G) Phn III: lCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA MNG
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PHN I. LCH S PHT TRIN VIN THNG V XU HNG PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG: 1.1. Lch s pht trin ca h thng vin thng:
1836-1866: in bo, k thut ghp knh, cp ni qua i ty dng. 1876-1899: in thoi (A.G. Bell), tng i in thoi, chuyn mch t
ng tng nc.
1887-1907: in bo khng dy (Marconi) ni t tu bin vo b trn TD. 1820-1828: L thuyt truyn dn (Carson, Nyquist, Johnson, Hartley). 1923-1938: Truyn hnh, ng tia m cc chn khng (DuMont), pht thanh
qung b.
1948-1950: L thuyt thng tin (Shannon), cc m sa li (Hamming,
Golay), ghp knh theo thi gian ng dng vo in thoi.

1960: M phng laser (Maiman). 1962: Thng tin v tinh Telstar I. 1962-1966: Dch v truyn s liu c a ra thng mi; PCM kh thi
cho truyn dn tn hiu thoi v truyn hnh; l thuyt truyn dn s, m sa sai (Viterbi).
1964: Khai thc cc h thng chuyn mch. 1970-1975: CCITT pht trin cc tiu chun v PCM. 1975-1985: H thng quang dung lng ln, chuyn mch tch hp cao, cc
b vi x l tn hiu s; Mng di ng t ong hin i c a vo khai thc (NMT, AMPS); M hnh tham chiu OSI (t chc ISO).
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1985- 1990: LAN, ISDN c chun ho, cc DV truyn SL ph bin,
truyn dn quang thay cp ng trn cc ng truyn dn bng rng c ly xa, pht trin SONET, chun ho v khai thc GSM, SDH.
1990-1997: GSM t bo s, truyn hnh v tinh ph bin rng ri trn th
gii; Internet m rng nhanh chng nh WWW.

1997-2000: Vin thng mang tnh cng ng, pht trin rng ri GSM,
CDMA; Internet pht trin; WAN bng rng nh ATM, LAN Gb.
2001: HDTV, di ng 3G, cc mng bng rng, cc h thng truy nhp a
cc dch v a phng tin ti mi ngi. Chng ta c th xt tin trnh pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng qua cc giai on sau: Giai on 2G: gm c GSM, SMS, Ccuit Data Giai on 2,5G (nm 2001 2002): HSCSD, GPRS, ASCI.. Giai on 3 (GSM Phase 2+): giai on ny c chia lm 2 hng pht trin l: T giai on 2 ln UMTS T giai on 2 thng qua EDGE ln UMTS.
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Hnh 1.1. Th phn thng tin di ng trn th gii nm 2006 1.2. Xu hng pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng: p ng c nhu cu pht trin ca cng ngh mi, nhu cu s dng ca thu bao th giai on th 3 l mt nhu cu tt yu. Tuy nhin vic chuyn giao trc tip t thng tin di ng giai on hai GSM ln WCDMA l rt tn km, i hi chi ph u t ln t cc nh sn xut v cc nh khai thc dch v. iu ny dn ti s tng gi thnh dch v v nh hng trc tip n li ch ca cc thu bao. Do GPRS l mt phng php kh thi cho mt nn tng GSM pht trin, l mt bc m trong qu trnh chuyn t thng tin di ng giai on hai sang giai on ba. Cc cng ngh trong cc bc m ny i vi cc mng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh GSM giai on hai l HSCSD (S liu chuyn mch knh tc cao). GPRS cho php cc chi ph m ngi sn xut, khai thc dch v v quan trng hn c l ngi s dng chp nhn c.
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Hnh 1.2. Phn cp cu trc a l mng GSM
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PHN II. LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA MNG GSM:
Chng 1. Lch s hnh thnh mng GSM:

1.1. Lch s hnh thnh mng GSM: -1982-1985 Confrence Europennedes Postes et Tlcommunications (CEPT Hip hi bu chnh vin thng Chu u) bt u a ra chun vin thng k thut s Chu u ti bng tn 900MHz, tn l GSM-Global System for Mobile communication (h thng truyn thng di ng ton cu). -1986: CEPT lp nhiu vng th nghim ti Paris la chn cng ngh truyn pht. Cui cng k thut a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA Time Division Mutiple Access) v a truy cp theo tn s (FDMA Frequence Division Mutiple Access) c la chn. -1986: Hai k thut trn c kt hp to nn cng ngh pht cho GSM. Cc nh khai thc ca 12 nc Chu u cng k bn ghi nh Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) quyt tn gii thiu GSM vo nm 1991. -1988: CEPT bt u xy dng c t GSM cho giai on hin thc v c thm 5 nc gia nhp MoU. -1989: Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institude) nhn trch nhim pht trin c t GSM. -1990: c t giai on 1 c a cho cc nh sn xut pht trin thit b mng. -1991: chun GSM 1800 c cng b v thng nht cho php cc nc ngoi CEPT c tham gia bn MoU.
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-1992: c t giai on 1 hon tt. Mng GSM giai on 1 thng mi u tin c cng b. Tha thun chuyn vng (roaming) quc t u tin gia Telecom Finland v Vodafone (Anh) c k kt. -1993: c l nc u tin ngoi CEPT k MoU, khi MoU c 70 nc tham gia. Mng GSM c cng b ti o, Ai-x-len, Hng Kng, Na Uy v c. Thu bao GSM ln n hng triu. H thng DCS thng mi u tin c cng b Anh. -1994: MoU c hn 100 t chc tham gia ti 60 nc. Nhiu mng GSM ra i, tng s thu bao ln 3 triu. -1995: c t cho Dch v lin lc c nhn (PCS Personal communications Service) c pht trin ti M, y l mt phin bn GSM hot ng trn tn s 1900MHz. GSM tip tc pht trin nhanh, mi ngy thu bao GSM tng 10.000. -4/1995:MoU c 188 thnh vin trn 69 quc gia. H thng GSM 1900 c hiu lc tun theo chun PCS 1900. -1998: Mou c 253 thnh vin trn 100 nc v c trn 70 triu thu bao trn ton cu chim 31% th trng di ng th gii. -6/2002 Hip hi GSM c 600 thnh vin, t 79 triu thu bao chim 71% th trng di ng s trn 173 quc gia. 1.2. c t GSM: GSM c thit k c lp vi h thng nn hon ton khng ph thuc vo phn cng m ch tp trung vo chc nng v ngn ng giao tip ca h thng. iu ny to iu kin cho ngi thit k phn cng sng to thm tnh nng v cho php cng ty vn hnh mng mua thit b t nhiu hng khc nhau. Bn c t gm 12 mc, mi mc do 1 nhm chuyn gia v 1 cng ty ring bit ph trch vit, ESTI gi vai tr iu phi chung..
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GSM 1800 c xem l phn ph lc, n ch cp n s khc nhau gia GSM 900 v GSM 1800. GSM 1900 c vit da trn GSM 1800 nhng c thay i cho ph hp vi chun ANSI (American National Standards Institude) ca M. 1.3. Kin trc mng GSM: Thnh phn: 1. Mng GSM c chia thnh 2 h thng: H thng chuyn mch (SS - switching system) v h thng trm pht (BSS - base station system). Mi h thng c xy dng trn nhiu thit b chuyn dng khc nhau. Ngoi ra, ging nh cc mng lin lc khc, GSM cng c vn hnh, bo tr v qun l bi cc trung tm my tnh. H thng chuyn mch chuyn x l cuc gi v cc cng vic lin quan n thu bao. BSS x l cng vic lin quan n truyn pht sng radio. OMC thc hin nhim v vn hnh v bo tr mng, nh theo di lu lng cnh bo khi cn thit. OMC c quyn truy xut n c SS v BSS. 2. Kin thc dng a l: Vi mi mng in thoi, kin trc l nn tng quan trng xy dng qui trnh kt ni cuc thoi n ng ch. Vi mng di ng th iu ny li cng quan trng: do ngi dng lun di chuyn nn kin trc phi c kh nng theo di c v tr ca thu bao. 3. (cell): L n v c bn ca h thng t bo, c nh ngha theo vng ph sng ca BTS. Mi c cp mt s nh danh duy nht gi l CGI (Cell Global Identity). ph sng ton quc, ngi ta cn n mt s lng rt ln BTS. ph sng ton b 61 tnh thnh Mobifone b tr 358 BTS, Vic b tr da trn mt mc khai thc ca tng khu vc, ch ring khu vc 2 (t Lm ng tr vo)
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t n gn 300 BTS (chim gn mt na tng s BTS ca mng); trong tng lai, GPC (cng ty qun l mng Vinaphone) v VMS (MobiFone) vn s tip tc lp t thm BTS m rng v nng cp cht lng vng ph sng. 4. Vng nh v (LA-Location Area): Nhiu c ghp nhm v gi l mt LA. Trong mng, v tr ca thu bao do LA khu vc ca thu bao nm gi. S nh danh cho LA c lu thnh thng s LAI (Location Area Identity) ng vi tng thit b di ng (in thoi di ng) trong VLR. Khi thit b di chuyn sang ca LA khc th bt buc phi ng k li v tr vi mng, nu dch chuyn gia cc trong cng mt LA th khng phi thc hin qui trnh trn. Khi c cuc gi n thit b, thng ip c pht ra (broadcast) ton b cc ca LA ang qun l thit b. 5. Vng phc v ca MSC: Nhiu vng LA c qun l bi mt MSC. c th kt ni cuc thoi n thit b di ng, thng tin vng dch v MSC cng c theo di v lu li HLR. 6. Vng phc v ca nh khai thc: Vng phc v ca nh khai thc bao gm ton b cc m cng ty c th phc v; ni cch khc, y chnh l ton b ca vng ph sng ca nh khai thc m thu bao c th truy nhp vo h thng. Mi nh khai thc s c thng s vng phc v ring. Vit Nam hin c hai vng phc v MobiFone v Vinaphone, hy vng sp ti s sm c thm vng phc v ca Saigon Postel lin doanh vi SLD (Singapore), Vietel, Vin Thng Si Gn. Vng dch v GSM: Vng dch v GSM l ton b vng a l m thu bao c th truy nhp vo mng GSM, v s cng m rng khi c thm nhiu nh khai thc k tha c hp tc vi nhau. Hin ti th vng dch v GSM ph hng chc quc gia, ko di t Ai-x-len n Chu c v Nam Phi. Chuyn vng l kh
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nng cho php thu bao truy nhp mng ca mnh t mng khc. M hnh mng di ng t bo c th c trnh by gia hai gc . 7. Bng tn: Hin ti mng GSM ang hot ng trn 3 bng tn: 900, 1800, 1900MHz. Chun GSM ban u s dng bng tn 900MHz, gi l phin bn P-GSM (Primary GSM). tng dung lng, bng tn dn m sang 1800 v 1900MHz, gi l phin bn m rng (E-GSM). Chnh v th, th trng xut hin nhiu loi in thoi h tr nhiu bng tn nhm to thun li cho ngi dng thng xuyn i nc ngoi v tn dng c ht u th chuyn vng quc t ca mng GSM hin nay. 1.4. Cc th tc c bn ca GSM. Thit b s t ng thc hin quy trnh cn thit m khng cn n s quan tm hay iu khin ca ngi dng. 1.ng nhp thit b vo mng: Khi thit b (in thoi di ng) trng thi tt, n c tch ra khi mng. Khi bt ln, thit b d tn s GSM tm knh iu khin. Sau , thit b o cng ca tn hiu t cc knh v ghi li. Cui cng th chuyn sang kt ni vi knh c tn hiu mnh nht. 2. Chuyn vng: V GSM l mt chun chung nn thu bao c th dng in thoi h GSM ti hu ht cc mng GSM trn th gii. Trong khi di chuyn, thit b lin tc d knh lun duy tr tn hiu vi trm l mnh nht. Khi tm thy trm c tn hiu mnh hn, thit b s t ng chuyn sang mng mi; nu trm mi nm trong LA khc, thit b s bo cho mng bit v tr mi ca mnh. Ring vi ch chuyn vng quc t hoc chuyn vng gia mng ca hai nh khai thc dch v khc nhau th qu trnh cp nht v tr i hi phi c s chp thun v h tr t cp nh khai thc dch v.
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*Thc hin cuc gi t thit b di ng vo in thoi c nh: 1. Thit b kiu yu cu mt knh bo hiu. 2. BSC/TRC s ch nh knh bo hiu. 3. Thit b gi yu cu thit lp cuc gi cho MSC/VLR. Thao tc ng k trng thi tch cc cho thit b vo VLR, xc thc, m ha, nhn dng thit b, gi s c gi cho mng, kim tra xem thu bao c ng k dch v cm gi ra u c thc hin trong bc ny. - Nu hp l, MSC/VLR bo cho BSC/TRC mt knh ang ri. - MSC/VLR chuyn tip s c gi cho mng PSTN. - Nu my c gi tr li, kt ni s c thit lp. *Thc hin cuc gi t in thoi c nh n thit b di ng: im khc bit quan trng so vi gi t thit b di ng l v tr ca thit b khng c bit chnh xc. Chnh v th trc khi kt ni, mng phi thc hin cng vic xc nh v tr ca thit b di ng. 1. T in thai c nh, s in thoi di ng c gi n mng PSTN. Mng s phn tch, v nu pht hin ra t kha gi ra mng di ng, mng PSTN s kt ni vi trung tm GMSC ca nh khai thc thch hp. 2. GMSC phn tch s in thoi di ng tm ra v tr ng k gc trong HLR ca thit b v cch thc ni n MSC/VLR phc v. 3. HLR phn tch s in thoi di ng tm ra MSC/VLR ang phc v cho thit b. Nu c ng k dch v chuyn tip cuc gi n, cuc gi s c tr v GMSC vi s in thoi c yu cu chuyn n. 4. HLR lin lc vi MSC/VLR ang phc v. 5. MSC/VLR gi thng ip tr li qua HLR n GMSC. 6. GMSC phn tch thng ip ri thit lp cuc gi n MSC/VLR.
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7. MSC/VLR bit a ch LA ca thit b nn gi thng ip n BSC qun l LA ny. 8. BSC pht thng ip ra ton b cc thuc LA.
Hnh 1.3. Base Station Controller B iu khin trm gc 9. Khi nhn c thng ip, thit b s gi yu cu ngc li. 10. BSC cung cp mt khung thng ip cha thng tin. 11. Phn tch thng ip ca BSC gi n tin hnh th tc bt trng thi ca thit b ln tch cc, xc nhn, m ha, nhn din thit b. 12. MSC/VLR iu khin BSC xc lp mt knh ri, chung. Nu thit b di ng chp nhn tr li, kt ni c thit lp. Trong trng hp thc hin cuc gi t thit b di ng n thit b di ng, qu trnh cng din ra tng t nhng im giao tip vi mng PSTN ca in thoi c nh s c thay th bng MSC/VLR khc. DROPBACK gia hai nh khai thc dch v. y l mt u im
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m cc nh khai thc dch v thng ng dng tit kim chi ph cho truyn pht v x l. V d trong vng chuyn vng quc t, thu bao ng k ti Vit Nam thc hin cuc gi ti Singapore cho mt thit b di ng ti Singapore. Thng thng tuyn kt ni s i ngc v Vit Nam; nu ng dng tnh nng dropback, tuyn kt ni s c ti u trong vng ca Singapore. 1.5.Gi v nhn tin nhn trong mng GSM: Gi tin nhn: 1. Thit b di ng kt ni vo mng. Nu kt ni ang c sn, qu trnh ny c b qua. 2. Sau khi hon tt thnh cng qu trnh xc thc, ni dung thng ip s c chuyn n Trung Tm Dch V Tin Nhn (SMS -C Short Message Service Center). Nhn tin nhn: 1. Ngi dng gi tin nhn n SMS-C. 2. SMS-C gi tin nhn n SMS-GMS-C. 3. SMS-GMSC truy vn HLR v thng tin nh tuyn. 4. HLR p ng truy vn. 5. SMS-GMSC chuyn thng ip li cho MSC/VLR ch nh. 6. Tin hnh nhn tin tm kim v kt ni thit b vo mng. 7. Nu xc thc thnh cng, MSC/VLR s pht tin nhn n thit b. 8. Nu truyn nhn tin nhn thnh cng, MSC/VLR s gi bo co v SMSC; ngc li, MSC/VLR s thng bo cho HLR v gi bo co li v SMS-C.
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PHN 3. LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA MNG GPRS:
Chng 2. Lch s hnh thnh v khi qut chung v GPRS:
Hnh 2.1. Cu trc ca mt mng GPRS GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) l mt cng ngh mi y trin vng c Vin Tiu chun Vin thng chu u tiu chun ho vo nm 1993, l dch v v tuyn gi tng hp c pht trin trn nn tng cng ngh thng tin di ng ton cu (GSM) s dng a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA).Nguyn l c bn ca cng ngh l s dng cc gi tin truyn ti d liu trn mng khi v ch khi c d liu c gi thay cho vic s dng kt ni knh c nh ca dch v GPRS. Cng ngh GPRS hay cn bit n vi mng di ng th h 2.5G, p dng nguyn l gi v tuyn truyn s liu ca ngi s dng mt cch c hiu qu gia my in thoi di ng ti cc mng truyn s liu. GPRS cho php s dng cc my in thoi di ng thng thng truy nhp Internet. Nh GPRS ngi s dng c th lm vic vi th in t ca mnh, vi cc server Web thng thng (ch khng phi vi cc versions WAP chuyn dng) v.v...
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u th c bn ca cc mng GPRS l ch ngi s dng ch phi chi tr cho lng thng tin pht /thu ch khng phi cho thi gian vo mng. Trc khi c tiu chun cng ngh GPRS, thu bao phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian kt ni m khng ph thuc vo vic h c s dng knh truyn s liu quy nh hay khng. Ni mt cch khc, ti nguyn ca mng ch pht huy hiu lc trong thi gian truyn s liu trc tip t my in thoi. Trong thi gian ngng hot ng, chng hn nh duyt th in t, ti nguyn mng c giao cho cc thu bao khc s dng. Ngoi ra, cng ngh GPRS l mt giai on trung gian chuyn t th h th hai (GMS) sang th h th ba (UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). Trong GPRS, tc truyn s liu cao nht c th c l 171,2kbit/s nhanh hn gn gp 12 ln so vi truyn s liu trong cc mng GMS thng thng (9,6 kbit/s). Tuy nhin,vo thi im hin ti ngi ta cha cn tc cao nh vy m thng ch trong khong 30-40kbit/s. Vi cc chc nng c tng cng, GPRS lm gim gi thnh, tng kh nng thm nhp cc dch v s liu cho ngi dng. Hn na, GPRS nng cao cc dch v d liu nh tin cy v p ng cc c tnh h tr. Cc ng dng s c pht trin vi GPRS s hp dn hng lot cc thu bao di ng v cho php cc nh khai thc a dng ho cc dch v. Cc dch v mi s lm tng nhu cu v dung lng ng truyn trn cc ti nguyn v tuyn v cc tiu h thng c s. Mt phng php GPRS dng lm gim bt cc tc ng n dung lng ng truyn l chia s cng ti nguyn Radio gia cc trm di ng trong mt t bo. Hn na, cc thnh phn mng ct li s c trin khai h tr cho cc dch v s liu c hiu qu hn. cung cp cc dch v mi cho ngi s dng in thoi di ng, GPRS l bc quan trng hi nhp ti cc mng thng tin th h ba (3G). GPRS cho php cc nh khai thc mng trin khai trn nn mt cu trc ct li da trn mng IP cho cc ng dng s liu v s tip tc c s dng v m rng cho cc dch v
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3G cho cc ng dng s liu v thoi tch hp. GPRS chng t c s pht trin cc dch v v ng dng mi, cng nh c dng pht trin cc dch v 3G. Trc nhng mong i v nhu cu a dng v tinh vi ca dch v, GPRS ci tin cch truyn trong mng GSM theo chun ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). V c bn l s dng cc gi tin truyn ti d liu trn mng thay cho vic s dng kt ni knh c nh ca dch v hin ti khi v ch khi c d liu c gi. Giao thc TP c s dng trong mng GPRS v GPRS c thit k nh mt phng thc cung cp dch v mng h tr nhng ng dng theo d liu chun (Standard Data Protocols). Mt trong nhng u im ca chuyn mch gi l cho php nhiu ngi s dng phn chia mt knh vt l. iu ny s ti u ha s dng ph nh phn chia khe thi gian ng gia nhng ngi s dng v nng cao hiu sut s dng ln gp ba ln so vi chuyn mch knh. Thu bao c th kt ni n tt c cc khe thi gian vi thi gian thit lp cuc gi nh. Nh vy s tit kim chi ph cho c s h tng v c th trin khai pht trin trn nn h tng sn c h tr cho c hai loi dch v: thoi v d liu. Trong khi k thut chuyn mch knh c th cho tc truyn dn d liu ln 56 kbit/s i vi mng thng tin c nh hay 9,6 kbit/s i vi mng GSM hin ti nhng chi ph rt cao v s dng khng hiu qu, th GPRS vi k thut chuyn mch gi a tc ln ti 171,2 kbit/s v ph c s dng hiu qu hn gp 3 ln so vi tc truyn dn d liu ca mng thng tin c nh v gp 10 ln tc truyn dn d liu ca mng GSM hin ti. Tc d liu cung cp bi GPRS ph thuc vo lc m ha knh. C 4 chun tc cho mt knh truyn trong GPRS l: 9,05 kbit/s 13,4 kbit/s 15,6 kbit/s 21,4 kbits nh m t hnh 3.2:
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Lc CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4
T l m 1/2 2/3 3/4 1
Tc d liu trn 1 khe thi gian (kbit/s) 9,05 13,4 15,6 21,4
Tc d liu trn 8 khe thi gian (kbit/s) 72,4 107,2 124,8 171,2
Hnh 2.2: Tc knh truyn trong GPRS. Vi kh nng c th a ra linh hot t 1 n 8 knh lu lng (hay 8 khe thi gian) trn mt tn s sng mang n (mt khung TDMA), GPRS a tc d liu ln ti a l 171,2 kbit/s i vi 1 ngi s dng. Trn thc t, do s cn thit phi m ha knh v phn phi a khe thi gian nn gii hn tc s ch l 115 kbit/s. Tuy nhin, phn ln cc ng dng li tc thp hn nhiu nhng cht lng dch v vn chp nhn c. Cc dch v nu hnh 3.3: Tc (kb/s) 2,4 9,6 9,6 14,4 14,4 19,2 28,8 Tc (kb/s) 28,8 28,8 28,8 28,8 64 64 64
Cc ng dng s liu Telemetry Service Engineering Fleet Management Fax Group 3 E-Commerce (Banking) Slow Video Internet Browsing
Cc ng dng s liu Electronic Newspapers Email Video Conference Database Access Data Transfer (UDI) Multi User games Audio Visual (MPRG-4)
Hnh 2.3: Tc cho cc dch v ng dng GPRS.
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GPRS cng cho php pht trin dch v bn tin ngn SMSC (Short Message Service Centre) v kha cnh tc , thnh phn v chiu di bn tin bng cch chuyn lu lng bn tin qua mng GPRS (mng GSM hin ti truyn ti d liu tc 9,6 kbit/s v chiu di bn tin ngn l 160 k t). Yu cu cho ngi s dng c th s dng dch v GPRS: - in thoi di ng hay thit b u cui h tr GPRS. - Mng in thoi di ng m thu bao s dng phi h tr GPRS. - GPRS c cung cp cho ngi s dng. - a ch truyn v nhn d liu phi thng qua mng GPRS. c th thit lp GPRS da trn nn tng mng GSM c s cn yu cu b sung thm hai modul li sau: GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node. SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node.
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Chng 3. Kin trc ca GPRS

Cc cng ngh GSM/GPRS/EDGE c cng mt c s nn tng l k thut truy cp TDMA v FDMA v vy hot ng trn cng mt bng thng (vi mi knh bng tn s 200kHz). Kin trc mng c s dng cng ngh GPRS c m t s lc trn hnh v. Trong cu trc ny, cc thnh phn tiu chun ca mng GSM quen thuc c m rng thm bng cc phn t mi hoc c i mi. Nhn chung, c tt c bn thnh phn chnh, trong c hai thnh phn cha c trong cng ngh GSM ang hot ng. Cc khi trong h thng GPRS: -MS (Mobile Station). -BSS (Base Station System). -SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node). -GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node). Bn cnh 4 thnh phn chnh nu trn th phn MSC (Mobile Switching Center) cng khng th khng k n. Mng GPRS trong h thng GSM c cc c im sau: - Tng tc gia GPRS v mng GSM hin ti c thng qua h thng bo hiu s 7. - MSC v VLR khng thc s cn thit khi nh tuyn d liu GPRS nhng n c dng khi kt ni GPRS trn mng GSM hin ti. - HLR cha thng tin chi tit v thu bao trong mng GPRS. - AUC c dng x l nhn thc v mt m. - EIR c s dng cho nhn thc thit b di ng.
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Cc khi ca 1 mng GPRS c biu din hnh 3.1:
Hnh 3.1: Cc khi ca mng GPRS 3.1. MS (Mobile Station) - Trm di ng: Trm di ng (MS - mobile station) c th l mt my tnh xch tay hay b ti, mt my in thoi di ng hoc bt k mt thit b no khc c h tr cng ngh GPRS.V mt chc nng, MS bao gm hai cu kin: - Thit b u cui TE (terminal equipment), chng hn nh mt my tnh xch tay;
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- u cui di ng MT (Mobile Terminal),chng hn nh mt modem. - C 3 loi MS c quy nh cho vic s dng mng GPRS l A, B v C da vo s ng nhp ti mng PLMN m GPRS h tr, MS s thng bo ti mng v lp GPRS v tim nng a khe thi gian ca n. Tu thuc vo loi thit b v vo kh nng mng,trm di ng s hot ng theo mt trong ba ch lm vic: - Cp A h tr ng thi s ng nhp, s khi hot (activiation), gim st bo khn (invocation), lu lng cho php trm di ng cng mt lc pht i c d liu v ting ni, c ngha l lm vic ng thi trong c mng GSM ln GPRS. - Cp B h tr ng thi s ng nhp , s kch hot, gim st. Tuy nhin, n ch h tr thng bo khn ng thi trong gii hn. V d nh knh o GPRS s khng c gii quyt do s c mt ca lu lng chuyn mch knh. Trong trng hp nh vy, s kt ni o GPRS s b bn hoc treo, ng thi lu lng s khng c h tr bi MS cp B. Thu bao c th pht hoc thu cc cuc gi ca c 2 dch v GSM v GPRS lin tip nhng khng ng thi. S la chn dch v thch hp c thc hin t ng. Ni cch khc, cp B cho php trm di ng pht i c ting ni c d liu, nhng vo cc thi im khc nhau, c ngha l khng ng thi. - Cp C ch h tr s ng nhp khng ng thi. Nu c 2 dch v c h tr th MS loi C ch c th pht hoc thu hoc ng thi pht v thu cc cuc gi ch t dch v t la chn hoc mc nh. Trng thi dch v GSM hoc GPRS khng c la chn b loi khi mng. Thm vo , kh nng ca MS cp C thu v pht bn tin ngn SMS l ty chn. Nhng n hin nay, cp C ch cho php trm di ng lm vic trong ch GPRS. Khi u ni vo mng GPRS trm di ng (m chnh xc hn l thnh phn TE) s nhn a ch IP; a ch ny khng thay i trc thi im u ni ca u cui di ng MT; hn na, trm di ng thm ch c th khng nghi ng g v vic
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n l di ng. Trm di ng thit lp kt ni vi nt dch v ca cc thu bao GPRS, m s c m t sau. 3.2. BSS (Base Station System) - Trm gc: Trm gc BSS (Base Station System) thu tn hiu v tuyn t trm di ng v tu thuc vo vic ci g c pht i (ting ni hay d liu) m n s chuyn tip lu lng: - ti trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC (Mobile Switching Center) vn l thnh phn tiu chun ca mng GSM; - ti nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN- Serving GPRS Support Node) l ni chu trch nhim x l d liu n/i ca GPRS. Thnh phn ca BSS bao gm: BSC, PCU v BTS. BSC lm cc chc nng sau trong GPRS: -Qun l mobile GPRS. -X l tm gi ca GPRS. -Qung b thng tin GPRS. y l phn khng th thiu trong cc dch v GPRS ca cc mng di ng Vit Nam hin nay. BTS lm cc chc nng sau: -Tch ring cuc gi gia chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi trc khi chuyn n MSC/VLR v d liu gi khi n SGSN. -Giao din v tuyn cho d liu gi. Khi iu khin gi (PCU - Packet Control Unit): Khi PCU c b sung vo c s h tng ca GSM, c th coi y l s nng cp phn mm cho BSC, PCU c quan h vi cc giao thc v tuyn lp thp, n x l lu lng d liu v tch ra khi lu lng thoi GSM. Ngoi ra,
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PCU cn thm chc nng to gi v iu khin dng lin kt v tuyn. iu ny cho php nhiu ngi s dng c th truy cp ti ngun ti nguyn v tuyn ging nhau theo nhng phng php truy nhp ring v gii phng knh truyn khi khng s dng. PCU lm cc chc nng sau: -Chu trch nhim qun l ti nguyn v tuyn d liu gi trong BSS. -PCU chu trch nhim x l lp MAC v PLC ca giao din v tuyn, lp BSSGP v NS ca giao din Gb. -Truyn d liu gi. 3.3. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) - Nt phc v cc thu bao GPRS:
Nt phc v thu bao SGSN l thnh phn ch yu ca mng GPRS. N c nhim v chuyn tip cc gi IP m trm di ng gi i v nhn c. V thc cht n cng l mt trung tm chuyn mch ging nh MSC trong GSM, nhng c khc ch n chuyn mch cho cc gi ch khng phi cc knh. Thng thng, nt ny c xy dng trn c s OC Unix v c a ch IP ring ca n.T quan im an ton, SGSN c th c cc chc nng: * Kim tra s cho php cc thu bao s dng cc dch v c m ho (authentication). C ch chng thc ca GPRS ging vi c ch tng t trong GSM; * Gim st cc thu bao ang hot ng. * M ho cc d liu. Thut ton m ho trong cng ngh GPRS (GEA 1, GEA 2, GEA 3) khc vi cc thut ton m ho trong GSM (A5/1, A5/2, A5/3), nhng c x l trn c s cc thut ton .
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3.4. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) - Nt nh tuyn ca GPRS: Nt nh tuyn GGSN (gateway GPRS support node) cng l mt thnh phn quan trng ca cng ngh GPRS v chu trch nhim thu v pht cc d liu t cc mng bn ngoi, chng hn nh Internet hay mng ca cc nh khai thc GPRS khc. Ni cch khc, nu nhn t pha cc mng gi IP bn ngoi th GGSN hot ng nh 1 b nh tuyn cho cc a ch IP ca mi thu bao c phc v bi mng GPRS. T quan im cc nh khai thc mng GPRS bn ngoi th y l cc b nh tuyn thng thng (cng ging nh SGSN, chng da trn Unix) c nhim v nhn cc d liu cho tt c cc thu bao dch v GPRS. Ngoi vic nh tuyn GGSN cn c nhim v phn phi cc a ch IP v cc dch v tnh cc. C 3.5. MSC (Mobile Switching Center): MSC m nhim cc chc nng sau: -Cp nht thng tin t SGSN. -Yu cu gi CS n SGSN. -Kt hp bo hiu cho mobile loi A/B. -Ngng tm thi hoc chim li (A v Gb).
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Chng 4: Giao din v hnh thc qun l ca mng GPRS

4.1. Cc giao din mng: - Giao din Gb l giao din gia BSS (PCU v SGSN). - Giao din Gi l giao din gia GGSN v mng d liu cng cng. - Giao din Gn l giao din gia SGSN v GGSN (hoc gia 2 SGSN) trong mt mng di ng) - Giao din Gp l giao din ging nh Gn nhng gia 2 mng di ng khc nhau. Cc giao din sau ch dng truyn ti bo hiu: - Giao din Gc: gia GGSN v HLR/GR. - Giao din Gf: gia SGSN v EIR. - Giao din Gr: gia SGSN v HLR/GR. - Giao din Gs: gia SGSN/SLR v MSC/VLR. - Giao din Gd: gia 1 SGSN hoc 1 MSC u ni ti trung tm SMS. 4.2. Cc kt ni trong mng GPRS: Mng GPRS thc hin chc nng chuyn cc gi d liu t im ti im (PTP-Point To Point) cho ngi s dng nh: - T im truy nhp di ng (Um) ti im truy nhp di ng (Um). - T im truy nhp di ng (Um) ti im truy nhp c nh (Gi). - T im truy nhp c nh (Gi) ti im truy nhp di ng (Um). Chun X.28 c p dng cho truy nhp t MS ti GGSN.
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Chun X.25 c p dng cho truy nhp t GGSN n cc mng d liu bn ngoi. C 2 dng kt ni h tr: - PTP-CLNS (Point To Point - Connectionless Network Service): Dch v mng khng hng kt ni, s dng giao thc IP. - PTP-CONS (Point To Point - Connection Otiented Network Service): Dch v mng hng kt ni, s dng giao thc X.25 4.3. Nguyn tc hot ng ca GPRS: Khi hot ng, mt thit b u cui GPRS lm vic ging nh mt in thoi di ng chun c hai lin lc vi mt trm gc v c s h tng cung cp tnh nng xc thc, kt ni v dch v. im khc bit chnh l GPRS cho php ngi s dng c kt ni lin tc vi mng. Thay v gi d liu ti mt ch c nh - kt ni quay s, GPRS cho php cc gi d liu c chn vo mt lung kt ni thng trc. Cc gi tin t nhng ngi s dng khc nhau trong mt t bo c an xen, sao cho dung lng truyn dn lun c (always-on) c chia s, m khng c khe thi gian nh trc thng trc c phn b cho mt cuc gi. Do , dung lng c th c phn b khi cn thit v gii phng khi khng cn. Tc truyn d liu GSM l 14,4 kbit/s thng qua mt kt ni c nh c thay th trong GPRS bng cch truy nhp vo t 1 ti 8 khe thi gian ng thi chy vi dung lng kt hp vo khong 14,4 kbit/s cho mi khe. Tc d liu c th ty thuc vo cc iu kin v tuyn. Dung lng ny c c n mc no ty thuc vo cc phin bn GPRS khc nhau v cc c tnh khc nhau.
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V d: GPRS lp 8 (Class 8 GPRS) c th x l ti 5 khe thi gian k tip nhau, 4 khe nhn v 1 khe pht tn hiu cho tc d liu chiu v ln ti 50 kbit/s. Lp 12 (Class 12 GPRS) cho php bt k t hp no ca 5 khe gia thu v pht. Tt c cc gi tin c truyn dn trn cc khe thi gian c chuyn t trm gc (BTS) nh nt mng h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN) mt SGSN c th h tr nhiu trm gc, SGSN truy tm tt c cc my di ng trong phm vi vng phc v ca n. Khi mt thit b di ng gi cc gi d liu, chng i qua SGSN ti GGSN, ti y, cc gi c bin i truyn qua mng c th l Internet, X.25 hoc mt mng ring. Cc gi tin nhn t Internet (ngha l gi IP) gi ti my di ng c nhn bi GGSN, chuyn tip n SGSN ph hp v sau chuyn n ngi s dng di ng. chuyn tip cc gi tin cho nhau th SGSN v GGSN ng gi chng bng mt giao thc chuyn dng gi l giao thc ng hm GPRS (GTP GPRS Tunnel Protocol) hot ng trn nn giao thc TCP/IP chun. Cc chi tit chuyn i ny ca SGSN v GGSN l trong sut vi ngi s dng. 4.4. Cc thnh phn khc ca mng GPRS: * HLR (Home Location Register) - b ghi v tr thng tr (cc thu bao ring ca mng) c nhim v lu tr thng tin v mi c nhn phi thanh ton cc dch v cho nh khai thc GPRS ca chnh mng ny. c bit l HLR lu tr thng tin v cc dch v ph, v cc tham s chng thc v v a ch IP v.v... Cc thng tin ny c trao i gia HLR v SGSN. * VLR (Visitor Location Register) - b ghi v tr tm tr (cc thu bao chuyn vng) c nhim v lu tr thng tin v mi trm di ng m vo thi im cho trc ang nm trong vng ph sng ca SGSN. Trong VLR c lu tr cc thng tin v cc thu bao tng t nh trong HLR nhng ch ti khi thu bao ri khi vng lnh th m b ghi tm tr ny phc v.
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* EIR (Equipment Identity Register) - b ghi danh tnh thit b (ghi cc d liu nhn dng thit b) c nhim v lu gi cc thng tin cho php kho cc cuc gi t cc thit b gian ln, trm cp hoc bt hp php. 4.5. Qun l di ng GPRS: 4.5.1. Lu trng thi qun l di ng. ng nhp GPRS: ng nhp GPRS c thc hin thng bo s hin din ca dch v trong PLMN vi mc ch s dng cc dch v PTM-G (Point To Multipoint GPRS) hoc GPRS PTP (GPRS Point To Point). iu ny c c ngay sau khi MS quyt nh s dng dch v GPRS. MS t nhn bit do s dng c tnh GSM ca n l s hiu nhn dng thu bao di ng IMSI (International Mobile Station Indentity) v s hiu nhn dang tuyn logic tm thi TLLI (Temporary Logical Link Identity). Ri khi GPRS: Ri khi GPRS c thc hin khi MS thng bo ti PLMN v s chun b kt thc s dng dch v GPRS. Mt ln na, MS t nhn bit do s dng c tnh GSM ca n. ng k thng s dch v: ng k thng s dch v cho php thu bao ti u hin trng (profile) dch v hin ti thc hin cc yu cu cn thit thc t ca cc thu bao nm trong khun kh hin trng thu bao. Kt qu ng k s c thng bo li MS trong thi hn (term) c chp nhn hay c ng k (accepted/registered) hoc khng c chp nhn/khng c ng k. Hin trng dch v c ng k c hiu lc trong ton b qu trnh thc hin GPRS cho ti khi c s thay i trong qu trnh ng k, xa hay thay i hin trng thu bao. Cc thng s dch v c
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th c sa i bao gm: mc u tin, mc tin cy, kh nng tip thng (throighput), tr, tnh nng bo an, Hnh 4.1. cho thy lu trng thi ca MS v SGSN l tng t nhau:
Hnh 4.1. Lu trng thi nhp/tch khi GPRS Chuyn t trng thi ri (Idle) sang trng thi sn sng (Ready): Khi chuyn t trng thi ri sang sn sng, trc tin my di ng phi thc hin ng nhp v nu thnh cng n s c mng (SGSN) nhn bit. Nu khng thnh cng, my di dng s quay li trng thi ri v SGSN cng tng t. Khi trng thi sn sng, giao thc d liu gi PDP c kch hot cho php ngi s dng MS c thit lp ln phin (session) d liu gi vi mng d liu gi (PDN), iu ny to lin kt mng d liu gi PDN (Packet Data Network) gia MS v SGSN.
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Trong phm vi PDP c hiu lc, c th truyn cc khi d liu giao thc PDU (Packet Data Unit). Mt khi qu trnh pht cc PDU kt thc th b nh thi cho trng thi sn sng (Ready Timer) bt u hot ng vi gi tr mc nh nhng c th thay i bi SGSN. Tuy nhin, c hai MS v SGSN phi s dng cng mt gi tr. Lc ny MS s cp nht cng nh tuyn (Routing Area). Chuyn t trng thi sn sng sang trng thi d phng (Standby): Trng hp ny xy ra khi mn hn b nh thi cho trng thi sn sng hoc s cng ch t MS hay SGSN. Nu xy ra mt trong cc iu kin va nu trn giao din RLC/MAC th sau MS chuyn sang trng thi d phng. trng hp ny ch cn cp nht vng nh tuyn. Chuyn t trng thi d phng sang trng thi sn sng: Mt khi cc khi PDU c pht/thu, MS v SGSN s chuyn sang trng thi sn sng v vng PDP c khi hot. Chuyn t trng thi d phng sang trng thi ri: Khi ch d phng th b nh thi th 2 cng hot ng. Khi mn hn nh thi hoc mt bn tin MAP (Mobile Application Part) cng hy b v tr (Cancel Location) thu c t HLR th sau n thc hin chuyn sang trng thi ri. Vng PDP (Packet Data Protocol) v MM (Mobile Management) c chuyn i t MS, SGSN v GGSN. Chuyn t trng thi sn sng sang trng thi ri: Do tch khi GPRS hay hy b v tr nh v s lm thay i trng thi t sn sng sang trng thi ri v trong qu trnh ny, c hai phm vi PDP v MM s c chuyn b v MS khng cn c tip tc kt ni ti mng GPRS.
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4.5.2. ng nhp v ri khi GPRS:

Trong qu trnh ng nhp GPRS, MS chuyn trng thi ca n t ri IDLE sang trng thi sn sng READY. iu ny c th c thc hin khi thu bao m my hoc khi thu bao kch hot GPRS cho my u cui ng nhp IMSI. Khi ri khi GPRS th MS chuyn trng thi ca n t sn sng READY hoc d phng STANDBY sang trng thi ri IDLE. Cng vic ny c th c thc hin khi thu bao tt ngun my di ng hoc ngng kch hot GPRS thit b di ng c ng nhp IMSI. a. ng nhp GPRS: Qu trnh ng nhp GPRS rt ging qu trnh cp nht vng nh tuyn. V vy ch nhng iu khc bit gia ng nhp v cp nht c trnh by nh sau: C hai s khc bit: - Khng c cc bn tin v khung giao thc PDP c trao i (v d nh gia hai SGSN nh qu trnh cp nht vng nh tuyn ngoi SGSN) v ton b cc khung giao thc PDP khng hot ng do MS thot khi GPRS. - Nu th SIM l mi th bc u tin khi yu cu ng nhp MS cn pht i yu cu ny cng vi s nhn dng IMSI khng c P-TMSI bi MS khng c PTMSI. Trong qu trnh ng nhp GPRS cng c th kt hp qu trnh ng nhp IMSI nu giao din Gs gia MSC/VLR v SGSN c trang b. Nu giao din ny khng c trang b v nu MS mun thc hin c ng nhp GPRS v IMSI th MS s thc hin ng nhp IMSI trc. b. Ri khi GPRS: Chc nng rt khi GPRS cho php MS thng tin cho mng l MS mun rt khi GPRS hoc kt hp rt khi GPRS/IMSI. Chc nng rt khi GPRS ngm nh cng c th sau khi nh thi phm vi di ng mn hn hoc sau khi mt
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s c v tuyn khng th khc phc c do mt tuyn logic. Lc ny mng s t ct MS m khng cn thng bo cho n (bi v cc trng hp ny MS cng khng cn duy tr c lu hn). bn tin yu cu rt khi GPRS do MS pht i c mt du hiu thng bo cho SGSN bit rt khi GPRS ny phi do thit b tt ngun hay khng. iu ny cn lm bi nu do tt ngun th SGSN khng cn pht i bt k bn tin tip nhn rt tch no cho MS (Bi v MS khng th thu c).
Hnh 4.2. Ri khi GPRS do MS khi xng Qu trnh ri khi GPRS cng c th kt hp vi qu trnh rt tch IMSI nu giao din Gs gia MSC/VLR v GGSN c trang b. Nu giao din Gs khng c trang b m MS mun thc hin c ri khi GPRS v IMSI th MS thc hin ri khi GPRS trc. Qu trnh ri khi GPRS khi xng t MS (khng yu cu rt tch IMSI v khng trang b giao din Gs) m t hnh 4.2 v c din gii nh sau: 1. MS pht bn tin yu cu tch khi GPRS (m khng rt IMSI) c cha s nhn dng P-TMSI ti SGSN.
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2. Cc khung giao thc PDP ang hot ng GGSN ring cho MS ny b ngng hot dng do SGSN pht bn tin yu cu xa khung PDP c cha b nhn dng knh Tunnel TID ti GGSN. GGSN xc nhn bng p ng xa khung PDP c cha TID tng ng. 3. MS mun tip tc gi ng nhp IMSI, tc l vn tip tc dch v thoi v SMS nn ch thc hin ri khi GPRS. Lc ny SGSN pht i ch th rt khi GPRS c cha IMSI ti VLR. VLR ct b s lin kt vi SGSN v tin hnh cp nht nh v cng nh nh s m khng cn qua SGSN. 4. Cng vic ri khi GPRS ny khng phi do ct ngun thit b nn SGSN pht ti MS bn tin tip nhn rt tch. Qu trnh rt tch kt hp GPRS/IMSI do MS khi xng c m t hnh 4.3 din gii chi tit nh sau:
Hnh 4.3. Rt tch kt hp GPRS/VLR do MS khi xng 1. MS pht ti SGSN bn tin yu cu rt tch kt hp GPRS/VLR c cha s nhn dng P_TMSI v du hiu ch th ct di ng.
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2. Cc khung giao thc PDP ang hot ng GGSN lin quan ti MS ny c SGSN lm ngng hot ng nh pht ti GGSN bn tin yu cu xa khung giao thc PDP c cha b nhn dng knh Tunnel TID. GGSN xc nhn nh p ng xa khung giao thc PDP c cha TID tng ng. 3. SGSN pht ti VLR ch th rt tch IMSI cng vi IMSI ny.
Chng 5. Qun tr thu bao di ng GPRS.

Cc phng thc qun l di ng GPRS MMP (GPRS Mobility Management Procedure). Giao thc qun l di ng MMP c thc hin xuyn sut t thu bao MS ti nt h tr GPRS SGSN. Giao thc ny khng ch cha ng ton b cch thc cn thit qun l dch v di ng cho thu bao (nh cp nht vng nh tuyn) m cn bao gm c cc phng thc bo an (nh th thc nhn thc). 5.1. M ha thng tin. trnh ri lon, cng vic khi u truyn dn thng tin c m ha gia MS v SGSN u c nh trc. MS bt u m ha thng tin truyn dn ca n sau khi pht i bn tin tr li nhn thc, cn SGSN th bt u m ha khi thu c bn tin nhn thc hp l t MS. Cng vic truyn tn hiu m ha c thc hin nh s dng kha m GPRS Kc v thut ton m A5. Nt h tr SGSN thu nhn GPRS Kc nh l mt b phn m nhn c MS tnh ton sau khi nhn c RAND t SGSN. C nhng im khc nhau c bn gia m ha GSM v GPRS. GSM vic m ha c thc hin gia MS v BTS s dng mt trong ba kiu thut ton A5 (A5-0, A5-1 hoc A5-2) ty theo cp bc m cho php. Cn GPRS thng tin m ha c chuyn giao gia MS v SGSN v p dng kiu thut ton A5 mi pht trin ring cho truyn dn gi A5-3.
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M Kc GPRS l mt tham s u vo ca thut ton m ha GPRS A5 v u ra l dy bit m (Ciph-S), dy ny c dng m ha pht i v gii m pha thu. Thut ton m v gii m c thc hin nh s dng php ton cng logic XOR nh c m t hnh 5.1. n gin, chng ta dng dy 8 bit thay v dy c chiu di bng cc khung LLC thc t (Khung LLC l khung iu khin lin kt logic: Logic Link Control Frame): Dy bit tin cn pht i l Dy m s (Ciph-S) l 01110010 11100110
Hnh 5.1: Qu trnh m ha Tng logic XOR l tng tng bit ca hai dy theo quy lut sau: 0+0=0 1+0=1 0+1=1 1+1=0
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Nh vy cc bit trong Ciph-S v dy bit tin cn pht c t hp nh sau: Cc bit tin cn m ha l Cc bit dy Ciph-S l Dy tng XOR kt qu l 01110010 11100110 10010100
Dy bit s ha 10010100 c pht i t MS ti SGSN hoc ngc li, ti cc im thu th n c gii m nh sau: Dy bit cn gii m l Dy Ciph-S l Dy tng XOR kt qu l 10010100 11100110 01110010
v d ny, dy bit c m ha c pht i v gii m u thu s dng cng dy m Ciph-S. Kt qu m ha cho ta dy bit tin thu c ging vi dy bit pht i. Qu trnh m ha thc t cng din ra nh vy. Tuy nhin trong thc t, cng vic m ha c thc hin lp LLC v dy Ciph-S cn c di nh di khung tin cn m ha. di khung LLC l bin di v c di ti a l 1523 Octet. Cn lu l dy Ciph-S da trn c s ch s khung LLC v GPRS Kc khng bao gi c pht i qua giao din v tuyn m bo s rt kh khn khi mun nh cp. 5.2. Ti phn b s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi P-TMSI S nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi kiu gi P-TMSI (Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity) s dng nh tn thu bao tm thi nhn dng thu bao t mng. N thay th tm thi nhn dng thu bao t mng. N thay th tm thi s nhn dng thu bao IMSI cn c chuyn qua giao din v tuyn cng t cng tt v n khng c m ha. S nhn dng khng c m ha ny c pht ti SGSN vo thi im khi to trao i gia MS v mng. phn
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cp nht vng nh tuyn sau ny v ng nhp GPRS trc y chng ta thy rng i khi MS phi pht i IMSI ca n do n khng c P-TMSI hoc P-TMSI khng hp l. S nhn dng thu bao tm thi nu trn c SGSN phn b sau khi nhn thc v bt u m ha, tc l sau mi ln nhn thc th MS li tip nhn mt PTMSI mi. Nh vy khi MS di chuyn ti vng phc v ca mt SGSN mi th SGSN mi ny li phn b cho mt P-TMSI mi v P-TMSI ca SGSN c s dnh cho thu bao khc trong vng phc v ca n. Mi SGSN c mt khi ln cc PTMSI. Khi MS lu tr lu mt vng SGSN th SGSN c th phn b cho MS ny mt P-TMSI mi. 5.3. Kim tra s nhn dng. Nh thy phn cu trc mng, mng di ng c trang b b phn nhn dng thit b EIR (Equipment Identity Register) kim tra trng thi thit b di ng ME khi n b nh cp. Nu EIR c trang b th cng vic kim tra nhn dng c th lm c sau khi nhn thc v bt u m ha. Nt SGSN pht yu cu cn cc ti MS v MS dng IMEI tr li. Sau SGSN chuyn IMEI ti EIR EIR kim tra IMEI i vi cc danh sch khc nhau, c bit kim tra khng nh n khng nm danh sch en. Sau EIR gi tr li mt bn tin ch th MS ny tm thy danh sch trng, xm hay en. 5.4. Qun l nh v trong GPRS. Qun l nh v l cc hot ng cn thit khi MS ng nhp GPRS ( trng thi d phng hay sn sng) v di chuyn t cell ny sang cell khc. Ta xem cch thc ng nhp GPRS mc 4.5.2 trc y. Mi cell trong mng u c cung cp thng tin chung v knh iu khin qung b ca n BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel). Cc thng tin quan trng i
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vi vic qun l ingj v l s nhn dng ton cu ca cell CGI (Cell Global Identity). S nhn dng vng nh tuyn RAI (Routing Area Identity) v s nhn dng vng nh v LAI (Location Area Identity). Khi MS di chuyn ti mt cell mi thuc vng nh tuyn mi hoc vng nh v mi s din ra ba ng thi sau: - MS khi to cp nht cell mi. - MS khi to cp nht vng nh tuyn mi. - MS khi to cp nht c vng nh tuyn v vng nh v mi. Trng hp khng c giao din Gs gia SGSN v MSC/VLR hin ti v MS xc nh cn thc hin cp nht vng nh v trc, tc l gii m knh iu khin qung b BCCH ca cell mi v thng bo thc hin phng thc iu hnh mng ch 2 hoc 3 NOM-II/III (Network Operation Mode II/III) cho trng hp khng c giao din MS, lc cc cn cc LAI v RAI phi thay i. Cn lu rng trng hp s dng NOM I th cng vic cp nht nu trn c x l qua CMM (Common Mobility Management) SGSN. 5.4.1. Cp nht Cell. Cng vic cp nht cell c thc hin khi MS di chuyn vo mt cell mi nm trong vng nh tuyn hin thi v MS trng thi sn sng (READY) (Nu trng thi d phng STANDBY th khng thc hin c cng vic cp nht cell m ch cp nht c vng nh tuyn). Nu vng nh tuyn thay i th cng vic cp nht vng nh tuyn c xc tin. My thu bao MS c thc hin cp nht cell bng cch pht i bn tin cha P-TMSI ti SGSN, ng thi thit b iu khin gi PCU BSS cng chuyn ti SGSN cn cc CGI (Cell Global Identity). Nt SGSN ghi nhn s thay i cell ny ca MS v lc lu lng nh hng ti MS ny s c chuyn v cell mi.
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5.4.2. Cp nht vng nh tuyn. y, xem xt cng vic cp nht vng nh tuyn ta gi thit rng MS ch di chuyn vo vng nh tuyn mi m khng vo vng nh v mi (tc l cp nht vng nh tuyn trong mt SGSN) hoc khng c giao din Gs c trang b. Nh vy, nu MS xac nh cn cp nht c vng nh v v vng nh tuyn th n tin hnh cp nht vng nh v trc. Vic cp nht c vng nh v v vng nh tuyn c giao din Gs s c xem xt nh sau: Vic cp nht vng nh tuyn din ra khi mt my di ng MS c ng nhp GPRS ang di chuyn vo mt vng nh tuyn mi (NRA). C hai kiu cp nht din ra: Mt l cp nht vng nh tuyn trong cng mt SGSN v th hai l cp nht ny din ra trong mt SGSN khc, tc l vng nh tuyn c v mi c 2 Node SGSN khc nhau iu khin. Cp nht vng nh tuyn trong cng SGSN. trng hp ny do MS di chuyn ti vng nh tuyn mi c iu khin bi cng mt SGSN nn SGSN ny ch cn lu li s nhn dng vng nh tuyn mi RAI ca thu bao, cn HLR hoc GGSN khng cn tip nhn thng tin v s cp nht ny. Qu trnh cp nht c m t hnh 5.2 vi cc bc sau: 1. MS pht yu cu cp nht vng nh tuyn cng vi P-TMSI ca n v cn cc vng nh tuyn c RAI ti SGSN. Khi PCU s b sung cn cc ton cu ca cell mi CGI c cha m vng nh tuyn mi RAC (Routing Area Code) ca cell va nhn bn tin yu cu cp nht. 2. Cc chc nng bo an c thc hin bao gm nhn thc, khi ng m ha v kim tra nhn dng cc thit b ty chn. 3. Nt SGSN hp thc ha s hin din ca MS vng nh tuyn mi RA v xc nh cng vic cp nht vng nh tuyn trong cng SGSN cn c thc
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hin nh cng tc kim tra v xc nh chnh SGSN ny cng m nhim iu khin c RA c, tc l SGSN ny bao qut c RA c v mi.
Hnh 5.2. Cp nht vng nh tuyn trong mt SGSN trng hp ny, SGSN c y cc thng tin v MS m khng cn thng bo cho HLR hoc GGSN v v tr mi ca MS. Bn tin chp nhn cp nht vng nh tuyn (c th cng vi vic phn b mt cn cc P-TMSI mi) c chuyn v cho MS. 4. Nu P-TMSI c phn b li th MS pht ti SGSN mt bn tin hon thnh cp nht vng nh tuyn cng nhn cn cc P-TMSI mi. Cp nht vng nh tuyn ngoi SGSN: Trng hp ny MS di chuyn ti mt vng nh tuyn mi do SGSN khc iu khin. V vy SGSN mi cn phi lu li cc thng tin chi tit v thu bao mi cng vi s nhn dng vng nh tuyn. V vy SGSN cn chuyn cho SGSN mi tt c cc gi tin lu m v cc gi tin mi n trong khi chuyn vng. Ngoi ra HLR v mt hoc mt vi GGSN cng cn c thng bo v vic thay
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i SGSN ny (trng hp iu khin d liu gi ch ng). Qu trnh cp nht vng nh tuyn ngoi SGSN nh Hnh 5.3 c trnh by chi tit nh sau: 1. MS pht bn tin yu cu cp nht vng nh tuyn cng vi P-TMSI ca n v s nhn dng vng nh tuyn c RAI ti SGSN mi. Khi PCU cng truyn b xung s nhn dng cell CGI c cha m nh tuyn mi RAC ca cell va cp nht bn tin yu cu cp nht cho SGSN ny. 2. My ch (Server) tn min DSN ca mng di ng c cha mt c s d liu vi tt c cc vng nh tuyn ca mng di ng c ghp ni vi SGSN tng ng vi chng. V vy nh Server DSN ny m SGSN mi c th tm c SGSN c cng vi s nhn dng vng nh tuyn c RAI. SGSN mi pht bn tin hi thng tin ti SGSN c, bn tin ny cha a ch IP ca n cng nh s nhn dng P-TMSI v RAI c yu cu cung cp cc thng tin v qun l di ng MM v giao thc d liu gi PDP i vi MS. Node SGSN c lu li a ch IP ca SGSN mi c th pht cc gi d liu cho SGSN mi . Node SGSN c xc nhn P-TMSI ca MS v pht quay v cho SGSN mi bn tin cha IMSI ca MS, b ba cc kha nhn thc v m ha RAND, SRES, v Kc, ton b cc tnh hung ca giao thc d liu gi PDP (s lng cc bn tin thu, pht trn lp nn v phn gi IP thnh khung LLC i vi giao din Um + Gb v trn lp giao thc ng hm GPRS-GTP i vi giao din Gm). SGSN c khi ng b nh thi (gii thch bc 5) v ngng pht cc gi tin IP theo giao thc nn v phn khung LLC ti MS. 3. Cc chc nng bo an do SGSN mi iu hnh thc hin bao gm nhn thc, khi ng m ha v kim tra s nhn dng ty chn. 4. SGSN mi pht bn tin xc nhn trng thi SGSN cho SGSN c. N thng bo cho SGSN c rng SGSN mi sn sng thu cc gi d liu thuc cc khung giao thc d liu gi kch hot. 5. SGSN c sao li cc gi d liu SNDCP c lu m (cc gi d liu c nn v phn thnh cc khung iu khin lin kt logic LLC-Logic Link
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Control) v chuyn chng ti SGSN mi. Ngoi ra cc gi d liu SNDCP thu c t SGSN trc nh thi c m t bc 2 cng c sao chp li v chuyn cho SGSN mi. Cc gi d liu SNDCP pht cho MS theo phng thc c xc nhn m ti nay cha c MS xc nhn cng c chuyn ti cho SGSN mi sau khi ht hn nh thi c m t bc 2. 6. SGSN mi pht bn tin yu cu phm vi giao thc d liu gi PDP cn cp nht cho cc GGSN lin quan. Bn tin ny cha a ch IP ring ca n, b nhn dng knh Tunnel TID v cht lng dch v c thng lng. Cc Node SGSN ny cp nht cc trng d liu giao thc PDP ca chng. Mi ln cp nht cho mi trng d liu u c tr li v cng vi TID. Cc thng tin chi tit v phm vi giao thc PDP c trnh by mc 5.5 sau ny. 7. SGSN thng bo cho HLR v s thay i SGSN nh pht i bn tin cp nht nh v ti HLR. Bn tin ny cha trng tin nhn dng bo hiu SS7 ca SGSN, a ch IP ca SGSN v cn cc IMSI ca MS. 8. HLR pht bn tin xa nh v ti SGSN c c IMSI i km. SGSN c xa b cc phm vi lin quan ti MS ca giao thc PDP v cch thc qun l di ng MM ch khi nh thi m t bc 2 ht hn. iu ny cho php SGSN c hon thnh cng vic chuyn cc gi d liu SNDCP. Sau SGSN c pht i bn tin xc nhn ngng hot ng nh v km theo IMSI ti HLR. 9. HLR pht ti SGSN mi bn tin np d liu thu bao km theo s nhn dng IMSI v d liu tham gia GPRS. SGSN to lp mt ngn xp qun l di ng MM cho thu bao v pht quay v cho HLR bn tin xc nhn np d liu thu bao cng vi IMSI.
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Hnh 5.3. Cp nht vng nh tuyn ngoi SGSN.
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10. HLR xc nhn cp nht nh v nh pht i bn tin xc nhn cp nht nh v cng vi IMSI ti SGSN mi. 11. Tuyn logic c thit lp gia SGSN mi v MS. SGSN mi pht ti MS bn tin tip nhn cp nht vng nh tuyn. Bn tin ny cha s nhn dng PTMSI mi v ch s tuyn ng ln UL cho cc gi SNDCP c thu nhn (khng nh tt c cc gi SNDCP khi ngun di ng c chuyn giao y trc khi khi u cng vic cp nht). 12. MS xc nhn s nhn dng P-TMSI mi bng vic pht quay li cho SGSN mi bn tin hon thnh cp nht vng nh tuyn. Bn tin ny cha s tuyn v (DL) thu c t cc gi d liu SNDCP (khng nh ton b cc gi d liu SNDCP kt cui di ng chuyn giao y trc khi khi u cng vic cp nht) Cp nht vng nh tuyn ngoi mng. trng hp ny MS di chuyn vo mng di ng mi, v d nh khi qua bin gii hai nc (nu hai mng lin quan c tha thun Roaming vi nhau). Qu trnh cp nht hu ht ging cc bc nu trn, ch c im khc l bc 2, Server tn min DNS (Domain Name Server) ca mng mi cn tip cn vi DNS ca mng c nhn a ch IP ca SGSN c da theo s nhn dng vng nh tuyn c. 5.4.3. Kt hp cp nht vng nh v/ vng nh tuyn. Khi xem xt ni dung ca mc ny, ta gi thit giao din Gs gia SGSN v MRC/VLR c trang b. Trng hp ny MS c th yu cu cp nht kt hp c nh v v nh tuyn khi n di chuyn vo mt vng nh v mi. Cn lu rng vng nh tuyn lun nh hn hoc bng vng nh v v vng nh tuyn cn phi nm hon ton trong vng nh v. V vy s thay i ca vng nh v lun gn lin vi mt s thay i vng nh tuyn. MS ch cn tip cn vi SGSN c lu gi cn cc vng nh tuyn mi v tip cn vi VLR qua giao din Gs sau
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ny VLR s lu s nhn dng vng nh v mi LAI. Nh s b tr ca giao din Gs m ch cn mt yu cu qua giao din v tuyn. Cp nht vng nh v trong mt MSC v vng nh tuyn trong mt SGSN. trng hp ny khi MS di chuyn vo vng nh v mi m vng ny cng nm trong vng phc v hin thi ca MSC/VLR; iu ny c ngha l MS cng di chuyn vo mt vng nh tuyn mi c phc v bi chnh SGSN hin ti. V vy HLR cn phi lu s nhn dng vng nh v mi v SGSN cn phi lu gi s nhn dng ca vng nh tuyn mi; Cn HLR hoc GGSN khng cn thu nhn thng tin v s cp nht ny. Qu trnh cp nht ny m t hnh 5.4 v din ra chi tit nh sau: 1. MS pht i yu cu cp nht kt hp vng nh v v vng nh tuyn ti SGSN. Yu cu ny bao gm P-TMSI ca MS v s nhn dng vng nh tuyn c RAI v cha LAI c ( S nhn dng vng nh v LAI). Khi PCU b sung vo c s d liu ca n cn cc ton cu ca cell mi CGI c cha m vng nh tuyn mi RAC v m vng nh v mi LAC ca cell mi ny trc khi bn tin yu cu cp nht c chuyn ti SGSN (Khi PCU h tr mng GPRS c trang b ti BSC trong khi BSS). 2. Cc chc nng bo an c tin hnh bao gm nhn thc, khi ng m s v kim tra cn cc thit b. 3. SGSN pht yu cu cp nht nh v ti VLR. Yu cu ny cha LAI mi, IMSI ca MS, b nhn dng bo hiu SS7 ca SGSN. B nhn dng SS7 c chuyn t LAI mi sang dng bng d liu SGSN. B nhn dng ny c lu gi VLR. 4. VLR mi phn b ty chn mt VLR TMSI mi v chuyn bn tin tr li chp nhn cp nht nh v mi ti SGSN. Bn tin tr li ny bao gm c VLR TMSI ty chn ny. Cng vic ti phn b VLR TMSI (cn cc tm thi ca my thu bao) c VLR ty chn v VLR khng thay i.
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5. SGSN hp thc ha s hin din ca MS trong vng nh tuyn mi RA. Lc ny mt bn tin chp nhn cp nht vng nh tuyn c chuyn li cho MS. C th bn tin ny c phn b mt cn cc P-TMSI mi i km. 6. Nu cn cc P-TMSI v/hoc VLR TMSI mi c ti phn b th MS cng nhn P-TMSI mi v/hoc VLR TMSI mi ny bng vic pht tr li cho SGSN bn tin hon thnh cp nht vng nh tuyn. 7. SGSN pht bn tin hon thnh ti phn b TMSI ti VLR nu VLR TMSI c MS xc nhn.
Hnh 5.4. Cp nht kt hp vng nh tuyn trong cng mt SGSN v vng nh v trong cng mt MSC. Cp nht kt hp vng nh v ngoi MSC v vng nh tuyn trong cng SGSN. trng hp ny MS di chuyn vo vng nh v mi do mt MSC/VLR mi phc v v mt vng nh tuyn mi phc v bi cng mt SGSN (SGSN c). Lc ny cell mng m MS di chuyn vo hu nh chc chn gn cc SGSN hn
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cc MSC. V vy VLR mi cn phi lu s nhn dng vng nh v mi LAI v SGSN cn phi lu s nhn dng vng nh tuyn mi LAI. Ngoi ra HLR cng phi lu li s nhn dng ca HLR mi. Qu trnh cp nht ny m t hnh 5.5 v din gii chi tit nh sau: 1. MS pht i yu cu cp nht kt hp vng nh v v vng nh tuyn cho SGSN. Bn tin yu cu ny c cha P-TMSI ca MS, s nhn dng vng nh tuyn RAI c vi LAI c. Khi PCU BSC cng b sung vo c s d liu ca n s nhn dng ton cu ca cell mi CGI c cha m vng nh v RAC mi v m vng nh tuyn LAC mi ca cell thu nhn bn tin ny trc khi chuyn tip n ti SGSN. 2. Cc chc nng bo an nh nhn thc, khi to m ha v kim tra cn cc thit b gn. 3. SGSN pht yu cu cp nht nh v ti VLR mi. Bn tin yu cu ny bao gm LAI mi. IMSI ca MS v b nhn dng bo hiu SS7 ca SGSN. B nhn dng SGSN SS7 mi ny c chuyn t cn cc RAI mi sang bn d liu SGSN. VLR mi lu gi b nhn dang bo hiu SGSN SS7 ny. 4. Cp nht vng nh v GSM c tin hnh nh sau: a. VLR mi pht yu cu cp nht vng nh v cng vi b phn dng ring VLR SS7 ca n v IMSI ca MS ti HLR. b. HLR xo d liu VLR c nh pht i bn tin xo nh v cha IMSI ti VLR c c. VLR c xc nhn xo nh v nh pht i bn tin xc nhn xo nh v c cha IMSI ca thu bao MS cn xo. d. HLR pht bn tin nhp d liu thu bao ti VLR mi. Bn tin ny cha IMSI v d liu thu bao GSM ca MS.
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e. VLR mi xc nhn nhp d liu nh pht ti HLR bn tin xc nhn nhp d liu cha IMSI ca MS. f. HLR tr li VLR mi v nhp d liu nh pht bn tin xc nhn cp nht nh v c cha IMSI ca MS 5. VLR mi phn b cho MS mt VLR TMSI mi v tr li SGSN bn tin tip nhn cp nht nh v c VLR TMSI mi. 6. SGSN hp thc ho s c mt ca MS vng nh tuyn RA mi v pht v MS bn tin tip nhn cp nht vng nh tuyn c th bao gm c P-TMSI mi v TMSI mi c VLR phn b. 7. MS xc nhn VLR- TMSI mi (c th c P- TMSI mi nu c SGSN phn b) nh bn tin hon thnh cp nh vng nh tuyn pht cho SGSN 8. SGSN pht cho VLR mi bn tin hon thnh ti phn b TMSI
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Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T New MSC/VLR HLR Old MSC/VLR
Hnh 5.5: Cp nht kt hp vng nh v ngoi MSC v vng nh tuyn trong cng mt SGSN
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Kt hp cp nht vng nh v ngoi MSC v vng nh tuyn ngoi SGSN. trng hp ny MS di chuyn vo mt vng nh v mi do mt MSC/VLR mi phc v v vo mt vng nh tuyn mi do mt SGSN mi phc v. V vy VLR mi cn lu gi s nhn dng vng nh v LAI mi v SGSN mi cn lu gi s nhn dng vng nh tuyn RAI mi. Nh vy HLR v mt vi GGSN (trong trng hp cc phm vi giao thc d liu gi l t ch cc GGSN) cn c bit v SGSN v VLR mi. Qu trnh cp nht vng kiu ny m t Hnh 5.6 v din gii chi tit nh sau:
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Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T MSC/VLR mi HLR MSC/VLR c
Hnh 5.6: Kt hp cp nht nh v ngoi MSC v nh tuyn ngoi SGSN
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1. MS pht ti SGSN mi yu cu cp nht kt hp vng nh v v vng nh tuyn. Bn tin yu cu ny bao gm P-TMSI ca MS v cn cc vng nh tuyn RAI c cha LAI c. Khi PCU BSS a thm vo c s d liu ca n s nhn dng ton cu CGI, Cell mi c cha m vng nh tuyn RAC mi v m vng nh v LAC mi ca Cell va thu nhn bn tin yu cu cp nht va nu trc khi tip tc chuyn n ti SGSN mi. 2. Server tn min DNS ca mng di ng cha c s d liu tp trung h tr ton b cc vng nh tuyn ca mng di ng c ghp ni SGSN tng ng ca chng. V vy nh Server DNS ny m SGSN mi c th tm c SGSN c ang s dng s nhn dng RAI c. SGSN mi pht i yu cu ghi thc SGSN cha a ch IP ring ca n, s nhn dng P-TMSI v RAI c ti SGSN c yu cu nhn cc nghi thc qun l di ng MM v giao thc d liu gi PDP i vi MS. SGSN c lu li a ch IP ny ca SGSN mi n c th chuyn cc gi d liu ti SGSN mi ny. SGSN c cng nhn P-TMSI ca MS v pht quay li cho SGSN mi bn tin cha ISMI ca MS, b 3 nhn thc cha c s dng no c dng nhn thc v m ho sau ny cng vi cc chi tit ca tt c cc nghi thc ca giao thc d liu gi t ch PDP (Cc bn tin thu pht c trn lp SNDCP i vi giao din Um + Gb v trn lp GTP i vi giao din Gn). Node SGSN c khi to nh thi (gii thch bc 5) v ngng truyn dn cc gi SNDCP ti MS. 3. Cc chc nng bo an do SGSN mi qun l c xc tin nh: Nhn thc, khi u m ho v kim tra s nhn dng thit b. 4. SGSN mi pht i bn tin xc nhn nghi thc SGSN ti SGSN c. Bn tin ny thng bo cho SGSN c rng SGSN mi sn sng thu cc gi d liu thuc cc phm vi giao thc d liu gi PDP c kch hot. 5. Node SGSN c sao chp li cc gi tin c nn v phn khung theo giao thc SNDCP v bt u chuyn chng qua knh Tunnel ti SGSN mi.
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Ngoi ra cc gi SNDCP thu c SGSN c trc lc nh thi (m t bc 2) mn hn cng c sao chp li v chuyn ti SGSN mi. Ngoi ra cc gi d liu c chuyn ti MS theo phng thc c xc nhn v ti nay cha c xc nhn bi MS th cng c chuyn ti SGSN mi. S khng cn gi SNDCP no na c chuyn ti SGSN mi sau khi ht hn nh thi nh m t bc 2. 6. SGSN mi pht i bn tin yu cu cp nht phm vi giao thc PDP ti cc SGSN lin quan. Bn tin ny bao gm a ch IP ring ca SGSN mi, b phn dng knh Tunnle TID, cht lng dch v thng lng. Cc GGSN ny cp nht cc trng d liu giao thc PDP v mi ln cp nht u c bn tin p li km theo b nhn dng knh TID. Thng tin chi tit v phm vi giao thc PDP xem mc 5.5 sau ny. 7. SGSN mi thng bo cho HLR v s thay i ca SGSN nh pht i bn tin cp nht nh v. Bn tin ny c b nhn dng SGSN SS7, a ch IP ca SGSN v s nhn dng IMSI ca MS. 8. HLR pht i bn tin xo nh v c cha IMSI ti SGSN c. SGSN c ch thc hin xo cc khung qun l di ng MM v cc khung giao thc PDP ca MS khi nh thi m t bc 2 ht hn. iu ny cho php SGSN c hon thnh cng vic chuyn cc gi SNDCP. SGSN c pht bn tin xc nhn xo nh v c cha IMSI ti HLR. 9. HLR pht i bn tin nhp d liu thu bao c cha IMSI v d liu m t GPRS ti SGSN mi. SGSN thit lp mt khung qun l MM cho MS v pht quay v cho HLR bn tin xc nhn nhp d liu thu bao cng vi IMSI 10. HLR xc nhn cp nht nh v nh pht bn tin xc nhn cp nht nh v vi IMSI cho SGSN mi. 11. SGSN mi pht bn tin yu cu cp nht nh v bao gm LAI mi, IMSI v b nhn dng SGSN SS7 cho VLR mi. B nhn dng VLR SS7 mi
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c chuyn i t s nhn dng RAI mi thnh bng SGSN mi. VLR mi lu li b nhn dng SGSN SS7 ny. 12. Cp nht nh v GSM c thc hin nh sau: a. VLR mi pht i yu cu cp nht nh v vi b nhn dng VLR SS7 ring ca n v IMSI ca MS cho HLR. b. HLR xo d liu VLR c bng vic pht i bn tin xo nh v c cha IMSI. c. HLR pht ti VLR mi bn tin nhp d liu thu bao. Bn tin ny cha IMSI v d liu thu bao GSM ca MS. d. VLR mi xc nhn vic nhp d liu nh bn tin xc nhn nhp d liu thu bao cha cn cc IMSI. e. HLR tr li VLR mi bng bn tin xc nhn cp nht nh v c cha IMSI 13. VLR mi phn b cn cc VLR TMSI mi v tr li SGSN mi bng bn tin tip nhn cp nht nh v. 14. SGSN mi hp thc ho vic c mt ca MS vng nh tuyn RA mi v phn b cho MS mt cn cc P-TMSI mi. Mt bn tin tip nhn cp nht vng nh tuyn c pht quay v cho MS. Bn tin ny bao gm cn cc PTMSI mi v VLR TMSI mi. 15. MS xc nhn P-TMSI v VLR TMSI mi bng vic pht ti SGSN mi bn tin hon thnh cp nht vng nh tuyn. 16. SGSN mi pht cho VLR mi bn tin hon thnh phn b li TMSI cho MS. 5.5. Qun l phin Khung giao thc d liu gi PDP (Packet Data Protocol) ca mt MS din t tuyn d liu gia MS v mt mng d liu ngoi. Khung giao thc ny c din
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t MS, SGSN v GGSN. Khung ny c th trng thi hot ng hoc khng hot ng. Mt MS c th c mt hoc mt vi khung PDP. Mt khung d liu PDP c th c kch hot hoc cho ngng hot ng vo bt c lc no nu MS trng thi d phng STANDBY hoc sn sng READY. Cc qu trnh ny ch c ngha lp mng li v MS m khng trc tip bao gm GSS, tc l lp qun l phin l xuyn sut t MS ti SGSN. Nu MS trng thi ri IDLE th ton b khung giao thc PDP ngng hot ng v khng th kch hot trc khi MS chuyn i trng thi qun l di ng MM ca n, tc l cng vic ng nhp GPRS cn c thc hin MS chuyn i t ri IDLE sang sn sng READY 5.5.1. Kch hot khung giao thc PDP kch hot mt khung giao thc PDP cn phi c mt a ch IP cho MS. C hai kiu phn b a ch c th thc hin. - Phn b tnh: MS c mt a ch IP c nh, cch ny thc t hn i vi Ipv6 v vi Ipv4 khng c kh nng a ch IP phn b. - Phn b ng: GGSN tng ng phn b mt a ch IP tm thi cho MS, phn b kiu ny thng dung cho GPRS theo h thng IPv4. Khung giao thc PDP ch c th c kch hot bi MS. chuyn giao cc gi tin kt cui di ng, GGSN cn phi khi sng nh s cho MS c nhu cu kch hot khung giao thc PDP thu cc gi tin ny; GGSN ny ch c th yu cu kch hot khung giao thc PDP m n khng th khi to cng vic kch hot ny. Cn lu l yu cu kch hot khung giao thc t GGSN ch c th nu GGSN c thng tin tnh v MS tng ng, tc l nu MS c mt a ch IP tnh c lu tr HLR. S d nh vy l nhm cc gi IP c th truyn ti mt MS xc nh v ngi pht cn c mt a ch IP cho MS. Cho ti khi IPv6 c trin khai th mi MS hin nay mi c mt a ch IPv4 tm thi khi n kch hot khung giao
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thc PDP. iu ny c ngha l vic chuyn giao cc gi k cui di ng s gp kh khn khi s dng IPv4 v nh cung cp dch v khng a ch IP nh gi a ch cho MS ca ngi s dng. Hnh 5.7 di y m t qu trnh kch hot khung giao thc PDP do MS khi to cng vi din gii chi tit nh sau MS 1. Yu cu kch hot khung PDP 2. Cc chc nng bo an 3. Yu cu to lp khung giao thc PDP 3. p ng to lp khung giao thc PDP 4. Tip nhn kch hot khung giao thc PDP Hnh 5.7: Kch hot giao thc PDP do MS khi to 1. MS pht i bn tin yu cu kch hot khung giao thc PDP cha ng cc thng tin sau: - Cm nhn dng im truy cp dch v NSAPI (Network Service Access Point Identifier): Cm nhn dng ny xc nh ng dng ring trn lp x l gi d liu SNDCP, tc l mt ng dng c mt NSAPI. - Cm nhn dng giao dch TI (Transaction Identifier): Cm ny xc nh cc phin ring bit lp SM ny. - Kiu giao thc PDP: N xc nh giao thc c s dng xuyn sut t MS ti GGSN, thng s dng giao thc IP (IPv4 hoc IPv6) nhng cng c th s dng giao thc X.25. - a ch giao thc PDP: Trng a ch ny hoc cha a ch tnh IP ca MS hoc trng bo hiu l MS cn nhn c mt a ch IP ng (tm thi).
SGSN
GGSN
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- Tn im truy nhp APN (Access Point Name): y l tn logic nhn dng mng d liu ngoi. APN ny cn cho giao din Gi u ni ti mt mng xc nh. - Cht lng dch v QoS i hi t SGSN i vi ng dng. 1. Cc chc nng bo an c th c xc tin nh nhn thc, khi ng m ho v kim tra cn cc thit b. 2. SGSN yu cu a ch IP ca GGSN t Server tn min cng vi tn im truy nhp APN. Sau SGSN to lp cm nhn dng knh Tunnel TID cho khung giao thc PDP c yu cu nh s kt hp s nhn dng IMSI vi cm nhn dng im truy cp dch v mng NSAPI. Nu MS yu cu mt a ch ng th SGSN pht i yu cu phn b a ch IP ng (tm thi) ti GGSN. SGSN c th khng m bo p ng cht lng QoS theo yu cu v n c th hn ch bt cht lng trn c s kh nng ca n v lng ti hin ti. SGSN pht i bn tin yu cu to lp khung giao thc PDP ti GGSN c cha cc thng tin sau: - Kiu PDP - a ch PDP (trng a ch ny s trng nu cn thit mt a ch ng). - Tn im truy nhp APN (GGSN c th s dng APN ny tm mng ngoi theo yu cu). - QoS tho thun - Trng nhn dng knh Tunnel TID GGSN to lp ng dn mi vo bng khung giao thc PDP ca n v lp ra khi lu gi s liu cc CID (Charging ID). ng dn vo ny cho php GGSN nh tuyn cc gi d liu gi SGSN v mng PDP ngoi v bt u to ra cc khi nh lu d liu cc CDR (Charging Data Records). GGSN c th tip tc hn ch QoS tho thun tu theo nng lc ca n v ti tin hin ti. Sau
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GGSN pht quay v cho SGSN bn tin tr li to lp khung PDP c cha cc trng tin sau: - Trng nhn dng knh Tunnel TID. - a ch giao thc PDP (a ch ny c a km nu GGSN phn b mt a ch IP ng) - QoS c tho thun. - Cn cc s liu tnh cc CID (Charging ID) 3. SGSN np vo khung PDP ca n khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v mng NSAPI cng vi a ch IP ca GGSN. Nu MS yu cu a ch ng th a ch PDP thu c t GGSN c np vo khung giao thc PDP. SGSN pht v cho MS bn tin tip nhn kch hot khung giao thc PDP c cha cc thng tin sau: - Kiu PDP - a ch PDP (Nu yu cu mt a ch ng) - Cm nhn dng giao dch TI - QoS c tho thun Nh vy, SGSN by gi c th nh tuyn cc gi d liu gia GGSN v MS, bt u to ra cc khi nh d liu tnh cc CDR c cng cn cc d liu tnh cc CID v CDR c lu gi GGSN cho thu bao ny. 5.5.2. Ngng hot ng khung giao thc PDP Cng vic lm ngng hot ng khung giao thc PDP c th do MS, SGSN hoc GGSN khi to. Tt c cc qu trnh thc hin l rt ging nhau. Cc bc thc hin nh hnh 5.8 v c m t cho trng hp lm nhng hot ng khung giao thc PDP do MS khi to nh sau:
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MS SGSN 1. Yu cu lm ngng hot ng khung giao thc PDP 2. Cc chc nng bo an
GGSN
3. Yu cu xo khung giao thc PDP 3. p ng xo khung giao thc PDP 4. Xc nhn ngng hot ng khung giao thc PDP Hnh 5.8: Ngng hot ng khung giao thc PDP do MS khi to. 1. MS pht bn tin yu cu ngng hot ng khung giao thc PDP cng vi cm nhn dng giao dch TI cho SGSN. 2. Cc chc nng bo an c xc tin bao gm nhn thc, khi ng m ho v kim tra s nhn dng thit b. 3. SGSN pht bn tin yu cu xo khung giao thc PDP c cha trng nhn dng knh Tunnel TID ti GGSN. GGSN xo khung giao thc PDP v pht quay v SGSN bn tin tr li xo khung giao thc PDP cng vi trng nhn dng knh Tunnel TID. Nu MS ang s dng mt a ch PDP ng th SGSN gii phng a ch PDP ny v to kh nng kh dng MS khc kch hot. 4. SGSN pht quay v cho MS bn tin tip nhn ngng kch hot giao thc PDP cng vi cm nhn dng giao dch TI (transaction Identifier) 5.6. Th thc chuyn giao gi tin. bt u mt ng dng GPRS, MS cn c ng nhp GPRS trng thi ch (STANDBY) hay sn sng (READY) v c kch hot mt khung giao thc PDP ph hp. Cn c tuyn logic tm thi TLLI (Temporary Logical Link Identifier) lp iu khin tuyn logic LLC (Logical Link Control) v cm nhn dng im truy
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nhp dch v mng NSAPI (Network Service Access Point Identifer) lp x l d liu gi SNDCP nhn bit khung giao thc PDP gia MS v SGSN. Trng nhn dng knh Tunnel TID nhn bit khung giao thc PDP gia SGSN v GGSN. 5.6.1. Chuyn giao gi khi ngun di ng. Khi mt MS mun chuyn d liu qua mng GPRS, u tin n phi pht i yu cu knh gi trn mt knh truy nhp gi ngu nhin PRACH (Packet Random Access Channel) nu knh GPRS logic ny c cu trc trong Cell hoc theo knh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH (Random Access Channel) nu knh PRACH khng c thit lp. Khi PCU pht quay v bn tin phn b gi trc tip c cha mt hoc mt vi c trng thi tuyn ln USF (Nu mt vi khe thi gian c ghp li cho MS th MS c th c mt c khc cho mi khe thi gian USF: Uplink State Flag) v mt trng tin nhn dng lung tc thi TFI (Temporeary Flow Identifier) (Trng tin TFI ging nhau cho tt c cc khe thi gian). Bn tin quay v ny c pht qua giao din v tuyn trn knh cho php truy cp gi PAGCH (Packet Access Grant Channel) nu knh logic cho GPRS c thit lp trong cell hoc trn knh truy nhp AGCH (Access Grant Channel) nu knh truy nhp gi khng c trin khai. Lc ny mt hoc mt vi khe thi gian tuyn ln c phn b cho MS. Ngay sau MS thu c mt c USF trn khe thi gian tuyn xung DL tng ng v MS c th pht d liu no cng vi trng tin nhn dng lung tc thi TFI trn khi v tuyn tuyn ln tip theo sau khe thi gian ny. 5.6.2. Chuyn giao gi kt cui di ng Nu MS ang trng thi ch (STANDBY) th ch vng nh tuyn hin ti mi c SGSN bit ti. Nh vy MS cn c SGSN nhn tin trc khi c th chuyn d liu tuyn xung DL (Down Link). Cc bc nhn tin GPRS m t hnh 5.9 v din gii chi tit nh sau:
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1. SGSN thu mt vi gi d liu ca mt MS m n hin ang trng thi ch STANDBY 2. SGSN pht bn tin yu cu nhn tin giao thc GPRS i vi BSS gi l giao thc BSSGP (BSS GPRS Protocol: lp 3 ca ngn giao thc thuc giao din Gb gia khi PCU v SGSN). Bn tin ny c cha s nhn dng P-TMSI, s nhn dng vng nh tuyn RAI v QoS tho thun i vi khung giao thc PDP) v khi xng qu trnh nhn tin cho BSS cha MS. 3. Mt hay mt vi khi PCU (tu theo cc cell trong vng nh tuyn do mt hay mt vi PCU iu khin) nh a ch cho MS nh bn tin yu cu nhn tin (cha s nhn dng P-TMSI) trng cell thuc vng nh tuyn lin quan. Mi bn tin c pht qua giao din v tuyn theo knh nhn tin gi PPCH (Packet Paging Channel) nu knh logic cho GPRS c to lp trong cell hoc pht trn knh nhn tin PCH (Paging Channel) nu knh logic PPCH khng c to lp. 4. Vo lc thu bn tin yu cu nhn tin GPRS, MS pht i bn tin yu cu knh gi theo knh truy cp gi ngu nhin PRACH (Packet Random Access Channel) nu knh logic cho GPRS c to lp trong cell, nu khng th bn tin yu cu knh gi c pht i theo knh truy cp ngu nhin RACH (Random Access Channel) 5. Khi PCU pht v cho MS bn tin phn b trc tip cho gi (mt hay mt vi khe thi gian tuyn xung DL c phn b cho MS). Bn tin ny cha trng tin nhn dng lung tc thi TFI (Temporary Flow Identifier) v c pht i qua giao din v tuyn theo knh chuyn truy cp gi PAGCH (Packet Access Grant Channel) nu knh logic cho GPRS c to lp trong cell, nu khng c knh logic GPRS th bn tin c pht theo knh truy cp khung AGCH (Access Grant Channel)
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6. MS s c tr li bng cch pht i mt khung iu khin tuyn logic hp l LLC v c GGSN coi l bn tin tr li nhn tin. Trong khi tr li MS chuyn trng thi qun l di ng MM sang trng thi sn sng (READY) 7. Vo lc thu khung LLC, PCU b sung s nhn dng ton cu cho cell CGI (Cell Global Identity) c cha m vng nh tuyn RAC (Routing Area Code) v m vng nh v LAC (Location Area Code) ca cell v pht i khung LLC ti SGSN. Lc SGSN coi khung LLC nh bn tin tr li nhn tin. MS GSS SGSN 1. D liu xung DL 2. Yu cu nhn tin 3. Yu cu nhn tin GPRS 4. Yu cu knh gi 5. Phn b tuyn ln UL cho chuyn gi 6. Khung d liu tuyn logic LLC bt k 7. Khung d liu tuyn logic LLC bt k Hnh 5.9: Nhn tin GPRS. Sau MS trng thi thng trc v cng nhn b nhn dng lung tm thi ring ca n theo mt trong cc khe thi gian DL c phn b cho n, MS bit rng n l ch hp php i vi khi v tuyn DL (DownLink) ny, tc l cng vic chuyn giao gi bt u.
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KT LUN Vic nng cp mng li l rt cn thit cho s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cc dch v di ng cao cp ngoi dch v thoi truyn thng, gip nng cao kh nng v dung lng ca h thng. Thm vo , tnh lin mch v k tha khi nng cp l rt quan trng v tn dng c h thng c sn, khng lng ph u t, v nht l bo m s hot ng ca nhiu loi cng ngh trong mt h thng duy nht. S nng cp lin mch ln 3G ny s gip cc nh khai thc duy tr c s trung thnh v tha mn nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng, ng thi gia tng c hi v doanh thu cho ngnh vin thng.
n tt nghip trnh by nhng nt c bn nht v mng thng tin di ng GSM v GPRS. Do thi gian thc tp c hn v nhng hn ch khng trnh khi ca vic hiu bit cc vn da trn l thuyt l chnh nn n tt nghip ca em chc chn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong c c nhng kin nh gi, gp ca cc thy v cc bn n thm hon thin. Qua thi gian thc tp em thy GSM v GPRS l mt mng ti rng v cn thit cho cc mng vin thng hin ti ni chung v mng thng tin di ng ni ring. V phn mnh, em tin tng rng trong tng lai nu c lm vic trong lnh vc ny, em s tip tc c s nghin cu mt cch su sc hn na v ti ny. Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n i trng i k thut 11 Viettel telecom Bi B Qun, t trng t k thut Nguyn c Ti to iu kin gip em trong t thc tp tt nghip. ng thi, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy Nguyn Hu Thanh cng vi t trng t k thut anh Nguyn c Ti v cc anh thuc t k thut-i k thut 11-chi nhnh k thut H Ni I-tng cng ty vin thng qun i Viettel telecom trc tip hng dn v gip em hon thnh n tt nghip ny. H Ni, Ngy 01 thng 06 nm 2009 Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn Minh Ngc
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TI LIU THAM KHO [1] V c Th, Tnh ton mng thng tin di ng s CELLULAR, Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni 1999. [2] 23/05/2009. [3] PTS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng GSM, Nh xut bn bu in, H Ni 1999. [4] www.gprsbook.tfk.de, Geoff Sanders, Lionel Thorens, Manfred Reisky, Oliver Rulik, Stefan Deylitz GPRS networks Truy cp cui cng ngy 24/05/2009. [5] Alcatel University GPRS Introduction ed06 http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/surveys.Truy cp cui cng ngy
73
n tt nghip
PH LC BNG ERLANG B
(S dng trong h thng GSM)
TCH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1% .01010 .15259 .45549 .86942 1.3608 1.9090 2.5009 3.1276 3.7825 4.4612 5.1599 5.8760 6.6072 7.3517 8.1080 8.8750 9.6516 10.437 11.230 12.031 12.838 13.651 14.470 15.295 16.125
2% .02041 .22347 .60221 1.0923 1.6571 2.2759 2.9354 3.6271 4.3447 5.0840 5.8415 6.6147 7.4015 8.2003 9.0096 9.8284 10.656 11.491 12.333 13.182 14.036 14.896 15.761 16.631 17.505
GoS (Grade of Service) 3% 5% 10 % .03093 .28155 .71513 1.2589 1.8752 2.5431 3.2497 3.9865 4.7479 5.5294 6.3280 7.1410 7.9967 8.8035 9.6500 10.505 11.368 12.238 13.115 13.997 14.885 15.778 16.675 17.577 18.483 .05263 .38132 .89940 1.5246 2.2185 2.9603 3.7378 4.5430 5.3702 6.2157 7.0764 7.9501 8.8349 9.7295 10.633 11.544 12.461 13.385 14.315 15.249 16.189 17.132 18.080 19.031 19.985 .11111 .59543 1.2708 2.0454 2.8811 3.7548 4.6662 5.5971 6.5464 7.5106 8.4871 9.4740 10.470 11.473 12.484 13.500 14.522 15.548 16.579 17.613 18.651 19.692 20.737 21.784 22.833
20 % .25000 1.0000 1.9299 2.9452 4.0104 5.1086 6.2302 7.3692 8.5217 9.6850 10.857 12.036 13.222 14.413 15.608 16.807 18.010 19.216 20.424 21.635 22.848 24.046 25.281 26.499 27.720
40 % .66667 2.0000 3.4798 5.0210 6.5955 8.1907 9.7998 11.419 13.045 14.677 16.314 17.954 19.589 21.243 22.891 24.541 26.192 27.844 29.498 31.152 32.808 34.464 36.121 37.779 39.437
TCH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
74
n tt nghip
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
16.959 17.797 18.640 19.487 20.337 21.191 22.048 22.909 23.772 24.638 25.507 26.378 27.252 28.129 29.007 29.888 30.771 31.656 32.543 33.432 34.322 35.215 36.109 37.004 37.901
18.383 19.265 20.150 21.039 21.932 22.827 23.725 24.626 25.529 26.455 27.343 28.254 29.166 30.081 30.997 31.916 32.836 33.758 34.682 35.607 36.534 37.462 38.392 39.323 40.255 41.189 2%
19.392 20.305 21.221 22.140 23.062 23.987 24.914 25.844 26.776 27.711 28.647 29.585 30.526 31.468 32.412 33.357 34.305 35.253 36.203 37.155 38.108 39.062 40.018 40.975 41.933 42.892 3%
20.943 21.904 22.867 23.833 24.802 25.773 26.746 27.721 28.698 29.677 30.657 31.640 32.624 33.609 34.596 35.584 36.574 37.565 38.557 39.550 40.545 41.540 42.537 43.534 44.533 45.533 5%
23.885 24.939 25.995 27.053 28.113 29.174 30.237 31.301 32.367 33.434 34.503 35.572 36.643 37.715 38.787 39.864 40.936 42.011 43.088 44.165 45.243 46.322 47.404 48.481 49.562 50.644 10 %
28.941 30.164 31.388 32.614 33.840 35.067 36.295 37.524 38.754 39.985 41.216 42.448 43.680 44.913 46.147 47.381 48.616 49.851 51.086 52.322 53.559 54.796 56.033 57.270 58.508 59.746 20 %
41.096 42.755 44.414 46.074 47.735 49.395 51.056 52.718 54.379 56.041 57.703 59.365 61.028 62.690 64.353 66.016 67.679 69.342 71.066 72.669 74.333 75.997 77.660 79.324 80.988 82.652 40 %
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 TCH
51 38.800 52 39. TCH 1 %
MC LC
n tt nghip
LI NI U..........................................................................................................2 DANH SCH HNH MINH HA.........................................................................4 DANH SCH T VIT TT.................................................................................5 PHN M U....................................................................................................10 1.1. Lch s pht trin ca h thng vin thng:.............................................11 1.2. Xu hng pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng:..................................13 Chng 1. Lch s hnh thnh mng GSM:........................................................15 1.1. Lch s hnh thnh mng GSM:................................................................15 1.2. c t GSM:................................................................................................16 1.3. Kin trc mng GSM:................................................................................17 1.4. Cc th tc c bn ca GSM.....................................................................19 1.5.Gi v nhn tin nhn trong mng GSM: ..................................................22 Chng 2. Lch s hnh thnh v khi qut chung v GPRS:..........................23 Chng 3. Kin trc ca GPRS...........................................................................28 3.1. MS (Mobile Station) - Trm di ng:.......................................................29 3.2. BSS (Base Station System) - Trm gc:....................................................31 3.3. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) - Nt phc v cc thu bao GPRS:..................................................................................................................32 3.4. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) - Nt nh tuyn ca GPRS:...33 3.5. MSC (Mobile Switching Center):..............................................................33 Chng 4: Giao din v hnh thc qun l ca mng GPRS............................34 4.1. Cc giao din mng:....................................................................................34 4.2. Cc kt ni trong mng GPRS:.................................................................34 4.3. Nguyn tc hot ng ca GPRS:.............................................................35 4.4. Cc thnh phn khc ca mng GPRS:...................................................36 4.5. Qun l di ng GPRS: .............................................................................37
4.5.1. Lu trng thi qun l di ng...........................................37 4.5.2. ng nhp v ri khi GPRS:.................................................40

Chng 5. Qun tr thu bao di ng GPRS......................................................43 5.1. M ha thng tin.........................................................................................43 5.2. Ti phn b s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi P-TMSI..............45
76

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I HC BCH KHOA H NI KHOA IN T VIN THNG *********

TNG QUAN V MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM - GPRS

GIO VIN HNG DN SINH VIN THC HIN LP

:TS. NGUYN HU THANH :NGUYN MINH NGC :06TM 02T

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

DANH SCH HNH MINH HA

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

DANH SCH T VIT TT

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Domain Name Server E

Equipment Identity Register

B ghi danh tnh thit b

General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi chung H

Home Location Register I

International Mobile Station Indentity L

S hiu nhn dng thu bao di ng

Location Area Location Area Identity Logic Link Control N

Vng nh v S nh danh cho LA iu khin lin kt logic

Network Service Access Point Identifier

im truy cp dch v mng

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Knh cho php truy cp gi Dch v lin lc c nhn

Packet Data Traffic Channel Primary GSM

Knh nhn tin gi Knh truy cp gi ngu nhin

Dch v mng khng hng kt ni

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Dch v mng hng kt ni

S nhn dng thu bao di ng tam thi

Nt phc v cc thu bao GPRS C chim khung H thng chuyn mch

TDMA TE TFI TLLI

Uplink State Flag

C trng thi tuyn ln

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System V

Th h th ba ca thng tin di ng (3G)

Visitor Location Register

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Phn I: LCH S PHT TRIN VIN THNG V XU HNG

PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG

Phn II: LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA MNG

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Golay), ghp knh theo thi gian ng dng vo in thoi.

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

1985- 1990: LAN, ISDN c chun ho, cc DV truyn SL ph bin,

gii; Internet m rng nhanh chng nh WWW.

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

Hnh 1.2. Phn cp cu trc a l mng GSM

Tng quan v mng GSM v GPRS

Nguyn Minh Ngc 06TM-02T

PHN II. LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA MNG GSM:

Chng 1. Lch s hnh thnh mng GSM: