Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Sn

Th thut lm bi trc nghim phn ha hu c

BI 2. TH THUT LM BI TRC NGHIM HU C

TI LIU BI GING
Cu 1: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H2O v 7,84 lt kh CO2 (
ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l
A. 46,15%.
B. 35,00%.
C. 53,85%.
D. 65,00%.
Hng dn: Khi t chy Y (gm CH3OH v HCHO d) cng chnh l t chy X (HCHO v H2), khi t chy
HCHO th s mol CO2 = H2O. Do s mol H2 c tnh bng cng thc :

n H2

n H 2 O n CO2

11, 7
18

7,84
22, 4

Theo phn ng t chy th nHCHO

%VH 2

0,3
.100
0,35 0,3

0,3(mol) .

nCO2 0,35 mol .

46,15%

Cu 2: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon
ton 0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn
dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH.
B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH2-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH.
D. HCOOH, CH3COOH.
S
nguyn
t
cacbon
trung
bnh
ca
hn
hp
hai
axit l :
Hng dn:

nCO2
n hh

0,5
0,3

1,67 . Vy trong X c HCOOH.

T l mol X : NaOH = 0,3 : 0,5 = 3 : 5 vy X gm mt axit n chc v mt axit hai chc R(COOH)2. Theo phn ng vi
NaOH tnh c s mol cc cht HCOOH = 0,1 mol v R(COOH)2 = 0,2 mol

0,1.1

0,2.n
0,3

1,67

2 : HOOC-COOH.

Cu 3: t chy 1,6 gam mt este E n chc c 3,52g CO2 v 1,152g H2O. Nu cho 10 gam E tc dng vi
150ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 16 gam cht rn khan. Vy cng thc ca axit
to nn este trn c th l
A. CH2=CH-COOH.
B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOH.
C. HOOC[CH2]3CH2OH.
D. HOOC-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2CH3.
Hng dn:
S mol CO2 = 0,08; H2O = 0,064 Vy este ko no.
S mol este = 0,08 0,064 = 0,016. S nguyn t C = 0,08/0,016 = 5: C 5H8O2
mE + mNaOH = mcht rn: chng t este vng.
Cu 4: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO 2
(ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,42.
B. 5,72.
C. 4,72
D. 7,42.
Hng dn:
S mol ancol = H2O - CO2 = 0,3 - 0,17 = 0,13 mol
m = 12.0,17 + 2.0,3 + 16.0,13 = 4,72
Cu 15 Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 11,25. t chy hon ton 4,48
lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (cc th tch kh o ktc). Cng thc ca ankan v anken ln lt l
A. CH4 v C2H4
B. C2H6 v C2H4
C. CH4 v C3H6.
D. CH4 v C4H8.
Hng dn:
S nguyn t C trung bnh n = 1,5. M = 22,5. Anken khng th l C2H4.
Nu anken l C3H6 th vi n = 1,5 ta tnh c s mol CH4 = 3.C3H6. Khi M = 22,4. Ph hp vi bi.
Cu 6: Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol ca
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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Sn

Th thut lm bi trc nghim phn ha hu c

X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hirocacbon Y l
A. CH4.
B. C2H2.
C. C3H6.
D. C2H4.
Hng dn:
S mol CO2 = 0,4; H2O = 0,4. Vy Y l anken. S nguyn t C trung bnh = 2. S mol Y X th s nguyn t C 2.
Ch c th l C3H6.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mch h, c cng s nhm -OH)
cn va V lt kh O2, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 v 12,6 gam H2O (cc th tch kh o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 14,56.
B. 15,68
C. 11,20.
D. 4,48.
Bo ton mol nguyn t:
a.nancol 2n O2 2.n CO2 n H 2O

nancol n H 2O n CO2 0,7 0,5 0,2

S nguyn t C = 2,5 vy phi l 2 chc. a = 2
Tnh c s mol O2 = 0,5 + 0,35 0,2 = 0,65. V = 14,56
Cu 8: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp gm hai hirocacbon X v Y (MY > MX), thu
c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H4.
B. CH4.
C. C2H6.
D. C2H2.
Cu 9: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi
lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C2H4; 0,2 mol C2H2.
B. 0,2 mol C2H4; 0,1 mol C2H2.
C. 0,1 mol C3H6; 0,2 mol C3H4.
D. 0,2 mol C3H6; 0,1 mol C3H4.
Hng dn: Gi cng thc chung ca M v N l Cx H y :
12x + y =

12, 4
0,3

x 3, y 5,3 ; hai cht l C3H6 v C3H4.

41,33

Ta thy y 5,3 nn s mol C3H6 > C3H4. Vy phng n D l hp l.

Cu 10: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng
d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
B. CH3CHO v C3H5CHO.
C. HCHO v CH3CHO.
D. HCHO v C2H5CHO.
T l mol Ag : anehit = 3. Vy c HCHO v CH3CHO
Cu 11: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca
X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y
khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH2=C(CH3)2.
B. CH2=CH2.
C. CH2=CHCH2CH3.
Hng dn:

M Y 13 .2

D. CH3CH=CHCH3.

26 , chng t trong Y cn H2 d.
Ni

CnH2n + H2
CnH2n+2
Trc phn ng X gm CnH2n (x mol) v H2 (y mol) ; n1 = x + y
Sau phn ng Y gm C2nH2n+2 (x mol) v H2 d (y x mol), n2 = x + y x = y mol.

M1

m
m
M1
; M2
. Ta c
n1
n2
M2

n2
y
hay
n1
x y

9,1
13

0,7 hay 7x = 3y.

Chn x = 3, y = 7 ta c :

3.M 7.2
10

9,1.2

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56 : C 4 H8

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Sn

Th thut lm bi trc nghim phn ha hu c

C4H8 tc dng vi HBr cho mt sn phm nn c CTCT CH3CH=CHCH3.

Cu 12: Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y
(cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi
ca X l
A. but1en.
B. xiclopropan.
C. but2en.
D. propilen.
Hng dn: Gi cng thc ca sn phm l RBr2 th

%m Br

160
.100
R 160

74 ,08

56 :C 4 H 8

Khi tc dng vi HBr, X cho hai sn phm khc nhau, vy X l but1en.

Cu 13: (2010) Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch
X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l
A. 0,70.
B. 0,50.
C. 0,65
D. 0,55
Hng dn:
S mol NaOH phn ng = 2.glu + HCl = 2.0.15 + 0,175.2 = 0,65.
Cu 11: Cho 13,35 g hn hp X gm CH2NH2CH2COOH v CH3CHNH2COOH tc dng vi V ml dung dch
NaOH 1M thu c dung dch Y. Bit dung dch Y tc dng va vi 250 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 100 ml
B. 150 ml
C. 200 ml
D. 250 ml
Hng dn :
S mol X + NaOH = HCl
13,53/89 + 0,01.V = 0,25=>V = 100ml
Gio vin: Phm Ngc Sn
Ngun:

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