Tai Lieu Hoc Tap Java

Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
Tai lieu hoc tap:
Lp trnh Java c bn
Gio vin bin son: Nguyn Tn Thnh
Nam 2007
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http://www.ebook.edu.vn
Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
Chng 1 TNG QUAN V JAVA

Sau bi hc ny, hc vin c th: - Gii thch c kin trc Java - Hiu c cc cng ngh hin c. - Xc nh c cc mi trng h tr lp trnh Java - Vit m v thi hnh 1 chng trnh Java u tay
I. LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN JAVA:

- Java l mt ngn ng lp trnh cp cao theo hng i tng do James Gosling v mt s ng nghip Sun Microsystems pht trin (vi tn gi ban u l Oak). y cng l mt phn trong d n Green (cc phn mm iu khin thit b in t dn dng) ca Sun. - Nm 1995 Oak tr thnh Java vi phin bn 1.0. Sau , Java khng ngng c pht trin v ln lt cc phin bn mi c Sun pht hnh. Nm 2005, Sun pht hnh Java 1.5.0.
II. C IM NGN NG JAVA:

n gin: - Java pht trin trn nn tng C++, nhng n gin hn C++ rt nhiu nh: khng k tha bi, khng s dng bin con tr, cu trc struct v union cng c loi b khi Java,... Hng i tng: - Java c thit k xoay quanh m hnh hng i tng. V vy trong Java, tiu im l d liu v cc phng php thao tc ln d liu . D liu v cc phng php m t trng thi v cch ng x ca mt i tng trong Java. Phn tn (Distributed): - Java l ngn ng thng dng trong vic xy dng cc ng dng trn mng ni chung v ng dng web ni ring. Trung lp kin trc h thng: - y l kh nng mt chng trnh c vit ti mt my nhng c th chy c bt k u. Bo mt cao: - Java cung cp mt s lp kim tra bo mt v an ton h thng. Kh nng a tuyn: - Chng trnh Java s dng k thut a tin trnh (Multithread) thc thi cc cng vic ng thi. Chng cng cung cp gii php ng b gia cc tin trnh. Mnh m:
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Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
- Java yu cu cht ch v kiu d liu v phi m t r rng khi vit chng trnh. Chng s kim tra lc bin dch v c trong thi gian thng dch v vy Java loi b cc kiu d liu d gy ra li.
III. KIN TRC JAVA (JAVA PLATFORM) CC CNG NGH HIN C:

1) Kin trc java:
- J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition) va l mt c t, cng va l mt nn tng thc thi (bao gm c pht trin v trin khai) cho cc ng dng Java. N cung cp cc API, cc kin trc chun, cc th vin lp v cc cng c ct li nht xy dng cc ng dng Java. - J2SE gm 2 b phn chnh l: Java 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (JRE) Java 2 Software Development Kit, Standard Edition (SDK). - Mi trng thc thi hay JRE cung cp cc Java API, my o Java v cc thnh phn cn thit khc chy cc Applet v ng dng vit bng ngn ng lp trnh Java. Mi trng thc thi Java khng c cc cng c v tin ch nh l cc trnh bin dch hay cc trnh g li pht trin cc applet v cc ng dng. - Java 2 SDK l mt tp m ca JRE, v cha mi th nm trong JRE, b sung thm cc cng c nh l trnh bin dch v cc trnh g li cn pht trin applet v cc ng dng.
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Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
2) Cng ngh Java: Hin nay, Java c 3 cng ngh: - J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition): cng ngh Java chun dnh cho hu ht mi trng pht trin ng dng Java. - J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition): cng ngh Java dnh cho mi trng x nghip (Enterprise) h tr kin trc Web, EJB, Transaction, Database... - J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition): cng ngh pht trin cc ng dng cho thit b iu khin nh gia dng, in thoi di ng,...
IV. CI T V S DNG JDK:

1) Ci t: - Download trnh bin dch JDK 1.5.0 trn Windows ti a ch: http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp - Chy chng trnh ci t JDK. Th mc sau ci t mc nh l (c gi l JAVA_HOME): C:\Program File\Java\Jdk1.5.0 - Cp nht bin ng dn trong h iu hnh Windows 2000/XP/2003. Start\ Settings\ Control Panel\ System Click Advanced Tab -> Click Environment Variables Chn bin Path trong System Variables -> Click Edit. Cp nht li bin Path cho trnh bin dch JDK
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Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
- Click OK. 2) Cu trc th mc ca trnh bin dch JDK
- Cha trnh bin dch v cc cng c h tr. - Cha cc chng trnh mu. - Cha cc tp tin bin dch native code - Mi trng thc thi ng dng java. - Cha nhng tp tin th vin .jar - Cc chng trnh mu n gin.
3) Cc tp tin bin dch thng dng: a) Javac: - Dng bin dch chng trnh m ngun (.java) thnh tp tin byte code (.class) $javac filename.java b) Java: - Trnh thng dch java, dng thi hnh chng trnh java application $java filename
c) Appletviewer: - Trnh duyt applet, dng thi hnh chng trnh java applet $appletview filename.html
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Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
d) Jdb: - Dng debug chng trnh Java.
V. CC KIU CHNG TRNH JAVA:

1) Applets: y l chng trnh k sinh chy trn Internet thng qua cc trnh duyt Web h tr Java nh Internet Explorer (IE) hay Netscape Navigator. 2) ng dng dng lnh (console): Cc chng trnh ny chy t du nhc lnh v khng s dng giao din ha. Cc thng tin nhp xut c th hin ti du nhc lnh. 3) ng dng ha (graphics): y l cc chng trnh Java chy c lp cho php ngi dng tng tc qua giao din ha. 4) Servlet: Cc chng trnh Java API chy trn my ch, gim st cc qu trnh ti my ch v tr li cc yu cu ca my trm. Chng c th c dng x l d liu, thc thi cc transaction v thng c thc thi qua my ch Web. 5) ng dng c s d liu (Database): Cc ng dng ny s dng JDBC API kt ni v lp trnh vi c s d liu.
VI. CHNG TRNH JAVA U TIN:
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Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
1) Chng trnh ng dng console: Yu cu: Chng trnh hin th dng ch Welcome to Java program. Thc hin: - Bc 1: To tp tin java ngun Welcome.java (s dng chng trnh NotePad)
class Welcome{ //main method public static void main(String args[]){ //display the string System.out.println("\n Welcome to Java program"); } }
- Bc 2: Bin dch tp tin ngun. Chn Start -> Run v nhp lnh cmd.
Chuyn n th mc cha tp tin ngun cn bin dch. Dng lnh javac bin dch tp tin ngun.
D:\Lab1\javac Welcome.java
Bin dch tp tin ngun
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Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
- Bc 3: Chy chng trnh. Dng lnh java chy chng trnh.

D:\Lab1\java Welcome
Kt qu chng trnh console 2) Chng trnh Java Applet: Yu cu: - Chng trnh v chui Welcome to Java Programming ra ca s applet. Thc hin: - Bc 1: To tp tin java ngun WelcomeApplet.java.
import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.JApplet; public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet{ public void paint(Graphics g){ super.paintComponents(g); g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!",25,25); } }
To tp tin WelcomeApplet.html (dng nhng applet)

<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>A Simple Program</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> Here is the output of my program: <APPLET CODE="WelcomeApplet.class" WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=50> </APPLET> </BODY> </HTML>
- Bc 2: Bin dch tp tin ngun thnh tp tin .class.

D:\Lab1\javac WelcomeApplet.java
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Lp trnh Java
Tng quan v Java
- Bc 3: Chy chng trnh:

D:\Lab1\appletviewer WelcomeApplet.html
Kt qu chng trnh s dng applet Ta c th xem applet bng trnh duyt Web.
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Lp trnh Java
Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java
Chng 2 CU TRC LP TRNH C BN TRONG JAVA

Sau bi hc ny, hc vin c th: - Xc nh c cu trc chung ca mt chng trnh vit bng Java - Nhn dng cc kiu d liu - Nhn dng cc ton t - Nhp/xut trong java - Nhn bit cc cu trc lp trnh c bn trong java
I. CU TRC CHUNG CA 1 CHNG TRNH JAVA:

1) Cu trc chung:
public class Tn_Lp { public static void main(String[] args) { // cc cu lnh } }
2) Cu ch thch (comment): - Ch thch 1 dng:

// li ch thch
- Ch thch trn nhiu dng:

/* ch thch dng 1 ch thch dng 2 */
- Ch thch dng ti liu:

/** document ...*/
II. KIU D LIU:

Java l ngn ng c kiu r rng, ngha l mt bin phi c khai bo kiu. Java cung cp 2 loi kiu d liu: - Cc kiu d liu nguyn thy (primitive) - Cc kiu d liu tham chiu (reference) Lu : - Trong C v C++, kiu d liu b ph thuc vo h nn. Th d khi thc thi chng trnh trn h MS-DOS hay Win 3.1, kiu int l 2 bytes, trn Windows ch 32 bit
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Lp trnh Java
th kiu int l 4 bytes. Nhng i vi Java, kch thc ca tt c kiu d liu l c lp h nn. 1) Cc kiu d liu nguyn thy (primitive): a) Kiu s (nguyn, thc):
Kiu Kch thc Min gi tr
int short long byte float double
4 bytes 2 bytes 8 bytes 1 byte 4 bytes 8 bytes
2.147.483.648 2.147.483. 647 32.768 32.767 9.223.372.036.854.775.808 9.223.372.036.854.775.807 128 127 3.40282347E+38F 1.79769313486231570E+308
b) Kiu k t (char): - Kch thc 2 byte. c) Kiu lun l (boolean): - Kiu boolean c 2 gi tr true. false Ch : - Trong java khng c kiu unsigned 2) Cc kiu d liu tham chiu (reference): - Trong Java c 3 kiu d liu tham chiu:
Kiu d liu Mng (Array) Lp (Class) Giao din (Interface) Min gi tr Tp hp cc d liu cng loi. Tp hp cc bin v cc phng thc. L mt lp tru tng c to ra b sung cho cc k tha a lp trong Java.
III. BIN V HNG TRONG JAVA:

1) Bin: - Vng nh lu tr tm thi d liu nhp vo hay tnh ton x l. Gi tr ca bin c th thay i. Khai bo 1 bin:
<kiu d liu> <tn_bin>;
Khai bo nhiu bin:

<kiu d liu> <bin 1>, <bin 2>,...;
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Lp trnh Java
Khai bo bin:
<kiu d liu> <tn_bin>;
V d: int float 2) Hng: - Vng nh lu tr tm thi d liu x l. Hng c gi tr khng i. Khai bo hng:
final <kiu d liu> <tn hng>=<gi tr>;
x; a. b=6;
V d: final int MAX=100; //khai bo hng MAX c gi tr 100.
IV. CC PHP TON TRONG JAVA:

1) Php ton s hc:
Php ton s hc + * / % ++ - ngha Php cng Php tr Php nhn Php chia (nguyn,thc) Php ly s d (nguyn) Tng mt n v Gim mt n v Php ton so snh > >= < <= == != ! ngha Ln hn Ln hn hay bng Nh hn Nh hn hay bng Bng Khc Ph nh
Php ton lun l && || ?
ngha V Hay iu kin
Php ton khc = (;) [;]
ngha Gn Thay i u tin Truy xut phn t ca mng
c bit: php ton + cn dng vi ngha ni chui. - Number + String -> String - Boolean + String -> String V d: System.out.println( Hello + World!); // Kt qu in trn mn hnh: Hello World!
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Lp trnh Java
V d: int x=5; System.out.println(Value x = + x); // Kt qu in trn mn hnh: Value x=5 2) Chuyn kiu trong java: - Chuyn s nguyn sang s thc v ngc li: V d: int n=5; double x; x=n; System.out.println(d); //kt qu in trn mn hnh: 5.0 V d: double int n; n=(int) x; System.out.println(n); // Kt qu in ra mn hnh: 15 - Chuyn d liu chui sang s: s dng cc phng thc ca cc lp bao kiu s (Integer. Long. Float. Double...) Integer.parseInt(chui dng s nguyn) Float.parseFloat(chui dng s thc) Double.parseDouble(chui dng s thc) V d: Int n; n= Integer.parseInt(12); // n c gi tr l 12 V d: double x; x= Double.parseDouble(12.25); // n c gi tr l 12.25 x=15.7;
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Lp trnh Java
V. NHP XUT TRONG JAVA:

Ta d dng xut mt gi tr ra thit b chun bng cch gi lnh System.out.println (). - Trc JDK1.5. khng c phng php thun li c 1 gi tr t console window. - Trong JDK1.5. java cung cp lung nhp Scanner c 1 gi tr bt k t console window. 1) Lp Scanner: Dng c gi tr t mt console. Cc bc c d liu t console: - To lun nhp chun. - S dng cc phng thc c d liu tng ng. a) To lung nhp chun: C php:
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
b) Cc phng thc c d liu:

in.nextLine() in.nextInt() in.nextDouble() c dng d liu c mt s nguyn c mt s thc
V d: import java.util.*; public class InputTest{ public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("What is your name? "); String name = in.nextLine(); System.out.print("How old are you? "); int age = in.nextInt(); // display output on console System.out.println("Hello. "+ name + ". Next year. you'll be " +(age + 1)); } }
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Lp trnh Java
Ch : - Nu s dng phin bn trc JDK1.5.0. ta s rt kh khn c gi tr t ngi dng ch console. Phng php n gin l nn s dng hp thoi (JOptionPane). Vi lnh nh sau:
String input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(Thng bo);
- Kt qu nhn c l kiu chui. chuyn d liu sang kiu s ta dng phng thc chuyn kiu: Integer.parseInt hoc Double.parseDouble V d: import javax.swing.*; public class InputTest{ public static void main(String[] args){ String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("What is your name?"); String input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("How old are you?"); int age = Integer.parseInt(input); JOptionPane.showMessageDialod(null."Hello. " + name + ". Next year. you'll be " +(age + 1)); System.exit(0); } }
VI. CU TRC IU KHIN:

1) ngha: Dng lm thay i trt t thi hnh lnh ca chng trnh. Cc cu trc gm: - Cu lnh iu kin: if. switch. - Cu lnh lp: for. while. do-while. - Cu lnh: break. continue. return. 2) Lnh v khi lnh: a) Lnh: - L mt ch th c kt thc bng du chm phy ;
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Lp trnh Java
b) Khi lnh: - L tp hp nhiu lnh nm trong mt cp mc { v } V d: { int } 3) Cu lnh iu kin: a) Cu lnh if ..else: Dng 1 (if thiu): if(<biu thc iu kin>) { <lnh 1> <lnh 2> } Dng 2 (if thiu): if(<biu thc iu kin>) { <lnh 1-1> <lnh 1-2> } else { <lnh 2-1> <lnh 2-2> } Dng 3 (if m rng): if(<biu thc iu kin 1>) { <lnh 1-1> <lnh 1-2> } elseif(<biu thc iu kin 2>) { <lnh 2-1> <lnh 2-2> } else { <lnh 3-1> <lnh 3-2> ... } x =5; // lnh 1 System.out.println(Gi tr x= +x); // lnh 2
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Lp trnh Java
V d: - Chng trnh sau kim tra xem s nguyn c nhp vo t bn phm l s chn hay l v hin th thng bo ph hp. import java.util.Scanner; public class CheckNumber{ public static void main(String args[]){ Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print(Input a integer value:); int num = in.nextInt(); if(num %2 == 0) System.out.println(num + is an even number); else System.out.println(num + is an odd number); } }
Kt qu ca chng trnh CheckNumber b) Cu lnh switch: C php: switch(<biu thc>) { case <gi tr 1>: case <gi tr 2>: default:
lnh 1; break; lnh 2; break; lnh n;
Lu : - Biu thc trong cu lnh switch phi c gi tr kiu nguyn (byte,char) V d: - Chng trnh sau kim tra ngy hin ti l th my trong tun.
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Lp trnh Java
import java.util.Date; class DateTest{ public static void main(String agrs[]){ Date today = new Date(); int day = today.getDay(); switch(day){ case 0: System.out.println("Today is Sunday"); break; case 1: System.out.println("Today is Monday"); break; case 2: System.out.println("Today is Tuesday"); break; case 3: System.out.println("Today is Wednesday"); break; case 4: System.out.println("Today is Thursday"); break; case 5: System.out.println("Today is Friday"); break; case 6: System.out.println("Today is Satuday"); break; default: System.out.println("Invalid day of week"); } } }
Kt qu ca chng trnh DateTest
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Lp trnh Java
4) Cu trc vng lp: a) Vng lp while: C php: while(<biu thc iu kin>){ <lnh 1>; <lnh 2>; } b) Vng lp do..while: C php: do{ <lnh 1>; <lnh 2>; }while(<biu thc iu kin>); c) Vng lp for: C php: for(<khi to>;<Bthc iu kin>;<Bthc thay i>){ <lnh 1>; <lnh 2>; } V d: public class LoopTest{ public static void main(String args[]){ listNums1(3); listNums2(4); listNums3(5); } // while loops public static void listNums1(int max){ int i=0; while(i<=max){ System.out.println("Number: " + i); i++; } } // do loops
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//i=i+1;
Lp trnh Java
public static void listNums2(int max){ int i=0; do{ System.out.println("Number: " + i); i++; }while(i<=max); } // for loops public static void listNums3(int max){ for(int i=0;i<max;i++){ System.out.println("Number: " + i); } } }
Kt qu chng trnh LoopTest.java 5) Cu lnh break, continue v return: a) Lnh break: - Khi gp lnh break, chuong trnh s di chuyn iu khin ra khi khi lnh.
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Lp trnh Java
V d: int i = 1; while(true){ if(i == 3) break; System.out.println(i); i++; } <Lnh k> - Khi i = 3 th chng trnh thot khi vng lp v thc hin lnh k. b) Lnh continue: - Di chuyn iu khin sang ln lp k tip v khng thc hin lnh ng sau n. V d: for(i=0; i<5; i++){ if(i%2 == 0) continue; System.out.println(i); } - Khi i = s chn th chng trnh s khng thc hin lnh in i m thc hin tip vng lp k. c) Lnh return: - Chm dt s thc thi ca mt phng thc v tr v gi tr cho li gi phng thc. C php: return; Hoc return <gi tr>;
VII.
MNG (Array):
Mng l mt cu trc d liu m n lu tr tp hp cc phn t c gi tr cng kiu. Ta truy xut 1 phn t ca mng thng qua tn mng v ch s (index) ca n. 1) Mng 1 chiu: Khai bo: <kiu d liu> <tn mng>[];
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Int a[]; Int b[]=new int[10]; // va khai bo va cp pht int c[] ={2,3,5,7,11,13}; // va khai bo v khi to - Ch s phn t ca mng xut pht t 0 kch_thc - 1 - bit s phn t ca mng, dng phng thc length V d: for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) System.out.println(a[i]); - Trong JDK1.5. ta c th dng vng lp for each duyt tp hp (mng). C php: for(<bin>:<tp_hp>){ <lnh 1>; <lnh 2>; } V d: for(int x:a) System.out.println(x); V d: - Nhp mng s nguyn c n phn t bng console windows. Tnh tng mng va nhp. import java.util.Scanner; public class ArrayTest{ public static void inputArray(int a[], Scanner in){ for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){ System.out.print("Input a["+i+ "]:"); a[i]=in.nextInt(); } } public static void outputArray(int a[]){ for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){ System.out.print(a[i] + " } } public static int sumArray(int a[]){ int s=0; for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
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");
Lp trnh Java
s+=a[i]; } return s; } public static void main(String args[]){ int a[],n; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Input the elements of the array:"); n= in.nextInt(); a= new int[n]; inputArray(a.in); System.out.println("\n----------------------------"); System.out.print("Array is:"); outputArray(a); System.out.println("\n----------------------------"); System.out.println("Sum of the array:" +sumArray(a)); System.out.println("----------------------------"); } }
Kt qu chng trnh ArrayTest.java 2) Mng 2 chiu: Khai bo: <kiu d liu> <tn mng>[][];
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Cp pht vng nh: <tn mng> = new <kiu d liu>[s dng][s ct]; V d: int a[][]; a= new int [3][3]; int b[][]= new int [3][2]; // khai bo v cp pht int array[] ={{16, 3, 2, 13}, {5, 10, 11, 8}, {9, 6, 7, 12}}; - Truy xut phn t dng i. ct j ca mng: b[i][j] Duyt mng 2 chiu: V d: for(int row = 0;row < array.length;row++){ for(int col = 0;col < array[row].length;col++){ System.out.println( } System.out.println(\n); } - Dng vng lp for each duyt mng 2 chiu: for(int[] row:array){ for(int x:row){ <lnh 1>; <lnh 2>; } } + array[row][col]);
VIII. GI (package):
1) Khi nim: Gi l th mc cha mt hay nhiu tp tin .class sau khi bin dch t tp tin m ngun (.java) nhm mc ch phn phi cho ngi dng khc s dng li. Gi c tnh phn cp (gi lng gi). u im ca vic to gi: - Cho php t chc cc lp vo nhng n v nh hn - Gip trnh c tnh trng trng lp khi t tn. - Cho php bo v cc lp i tng - Tn gi (Package) c th c dng nhn dng chc nng ca cc lp.
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Mt s gi chun ca java: - java.lang - java.applet - java.awt - javax.swing - java.io - java.util - java.net - java.awt.event - java.rmi - java.security - java.sql 2) To gi: t mt lp vo gi. t lnh to gi vo dng u ca tp tin m ngun C php: package <tn_gi>; V d: package my.com; public class Common{ public static boolean evenCheck(int x){ if(x%2==0) return true; return false; } } 3) S dng li lp trong gi: Mt chng trnh .java mun s dng mt lp ci t. ta phi nhp lp ny u chng trnh (ging nh include tp tin .h trong C). C php: import <tn_gi>.<tn_lp>; import <tn_gi>.*; V d: import my.com.Common; public class CommonTest{ public static void main(String args[]){
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Lp trnh Java
int x=4; System.out.println("Even x test:" + Common.evenCheck(x)); } } Lu : - Dng lnh khai bo to gi phi l dng u tin trong tp tin khai bo lp. - Cc tp tin khai bo lp trong cng gi phi c lu trong cng mt th mc. - Khng nn tham kho ton b mt gi v s lm tn b nh trong khi ch truy cp n mt vi lp trong gi.
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
Chng 3 LP TRNH HNG I TNG

Sau bi hc ny, hc vin c th: - Gii thch cc c im ca lp trnh hng i tng - Hiu c mu chung ca lp - Hiu c phng thc khi to (Constructor) - Gii thch khi nim Overloading phng thc v Overriding phng thc - Hiu c t kha this, super - Phn bit c d liu v phng thc th hin vi d liu v phng thc lp (static)
I. KHI NIM:
1) Khi nim lp trnh hng i tng - Lp trnh hng i tng (OOP) l mt phng php thit k v pht trin phn mm. Nhng ngn ng OOP khng ch bao gm c php v mt trnh bin dch (compiler) m cn c mt mi trng pht trin ton din. Mi trng ny bao gm mt th vin c thit k tt, thun li cho vic s dng cc i tng. - Trong OOP, mi vn c chia ra thnh nhiu yu t, c gi l cc i tng (Objects) hoc cc Thc th (Entities). - Chng ta s dng k thut hng i tng nh x nhng thc th chng ta gp phi trong i sng thc thnh nhng thc th tng t trong my tnh. 2) c im ca lp trnh hng i tng: S ng gi (Encapsulation): L vic gom chung d liu v cc thao tc lin quan n d liu thnh mt th thng nht, trnh c cc thao tc khng hp l t bn ngoi. Tnh k tha (Inheritance): Mt lp mi c th xy dng t mt lp c thng qua s k tha. S k tha c th l k tha d liu v cc phng thc. Tnh a hnh (Polymorphism): Tnh a hnh cho php m t nhng phng thc c tn ging nhau trong cng mt lp hoc trong cc lp khc nhau. Ni cch khc, mt thao tc c th c ci t khc nhau trong cng mt lp hay trong nhng lp khc nhau.
II. I TNG LP:

1) i tng (object): a) i tng trong th gii thc: Bao gm 2 thnh phn: - Cc thuc tnh. - Cc hnh ng. V d: Xt i tng hnh trn trong mt phng, c - Thuc tnh: bn knh,.. - Hnh ng: tnh chu vi, tnh din tch,
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
b) i tng di gc lp trnh: i tng = thuc tnh + phng thc 2) Lp (Class): L cu trc m t cho cc i tng cng cc tnh cht c trng. Lp phi ch ra thnh phn thuc tnh v cc phng thc ca i tng thuc lp. a) nh ngha lp: C php:
[modifier] class ClassName{ modifier data-type field1; modifier data-type field2; ... modifier data-type fieldN;
Cc thuc tnh lp
//Constructor Cc phng thc lp modifier ClassName(cparams1){ // body of constructor } ... modifier ClassName( cparams2){ // body of constructor } //Method modifier return-type methodName1(parameters){ // body of method } ... modifier return-type methodName2(parameters){ // body of method } }
V d: nh ngha lp Circle (hnh trn) package shape; public class Circle{ // khai bo thnh phn thuc tnh private double radius; // nh ngha Constructor public Circle(){ radius=1.0; } public Circle(double r){
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
radius=r; } //nh ngha phng thc //cp nht gi tr cho thuc tnh radius public void setRadius(double r){ radius=r; } // c gi tr ca thuc tnh radius public double getRadius(){ return radius; } // tnh din tch public double area(){ return radius*radius*Math.PI; } // tnh chu vi public double perimeter(){ return 2*radius*Math.PI; } // phng thc chnh public static void main(String args[]){ Circle myCircle = new Circle(); myCircle.setRadius(3.0); System.out.println("Radius is:" + myCircle.getRadius()); System.out.println("Area of circle is:" + myCircle.area()); System.out.println("Perimeter of circle is:" + myCircle.perimeter()); } }
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
Kt qu ca Circle.java 3) Khai bo v s dng i tng: Mt khi lp c nh ngha, ta c th d dng khai bo bin (i tng) ca lp theo c php sau: <ClassName <objectName>; V d: Color blue; Point start; - Gi tr m i tng tham chiu ban u l null. - Trc khi s dng i tng, cn phi khi to i tng bng ton t new C php: objectName = new ClassName(); V d: start = new Point(2,3); Truy xut thnh phn ca i tng: - Truy xut thnh phn d liu: objectName.fieldName V d: Lp Point trong java c 2 thuc tnh x v y. Ta c th truy xut nh sau: Point p = new Point(2,3); int xSquared = p.x * p.x; // xSquared c gi tr 4 int xPlusY = p.x + p.y; // xPlusY c gi tr 5 p.x = 7; xSquared = p.x * p.x; // xSquared c gi tr 49 - Truy xut (gi) thnh phn phng thc: variableName.methodName(param); V d: String s = new String(Hello Word); int len = s.length(); // len c gi tr 10
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
int
index = s.indexOf(Wo); // index c gi tr 6
4) Phng thc: a) Phng thc: Phng thc l nhng ng x ca lp ln cc thnh phn d liu hay ln cc tc ng bn ngoi. Phng thc c nh ngha theo cu trc sau:
[modifier] <kiu_tr_v> <tn_phng_thc>([cc tham s]){ // thn ca phng thc }
Mt phng thc c cc tnh cht b t (modifiers) nh: - public: c th truy cp t bn ngoi lp nh ngha - protected: ch c truy cp t lp nh ngha v nhng lp dn xut ca lp . - private: ch c truy cp trong bn thn lp nh ngha. - static: mt phng thc ca lp, chung cho mi phin bn ca lp. - abstract: khng c ci t g trong lp. - final: khng b nh ngha chng (overriding) cc lp dn xut . - synchronized: dng ch mt phng thc ti hn, ngn cc tc ng ca i tng khc ln i tng trong khi vic ng b ha ang thc hin. b) Constructor: - Cn gi l phng thc khi to. - Constructor l mt phng thc c bit c gi t ng khi chng trnh to mt i tng mi vi ton t new. - Phng thc Constructor phi c cng tn vi lp v khng khai bo kiu tr v. - Phng thc Constructor gn cc gi tr ban u cho thuc tnh ca i tng v cc cng vic cn thit trc khi a i tng vo hot ng. V d: nh ngha lp Employee class Employee{ // instance fields private String name; private double salary; private int age; // constructor public Employee(String n, double s, int y){ name = n; salary = s; age = y; } // method
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
public String getName(){ public double getSalary(){
return name; } return salary; }
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent){ double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } public String toString(){ return "Name:" + name + "\nSalary:" + salary + "\nAge:" + age; } } // end class Employee public class TestEmployee{ public static void main(String args[]){ Employee } } emp = new Employee("James",750,35); System.out.println(emp.toString());
Kt qu ca TestEmployee.java Ch : - Nu mt lp khng c constructor, Java s gn cho n mt constructor mc nh. l khi to tt c thnh phn d liu ca lp theo cc gi tr mc nh ca kiu d liu tng ng. Tuy nhin iu rt nguy him v thiu thn trng. Do ta lun phi xc nh mt constructor cho mi lp to. c) T kha this: - Mi lp trong java lun tn ti mt bin n this. - Thnh phn ny c s dng trong khi chy v tham kho n bn thn lp cha n.
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
V d: // nh ngha constructor cho lp Employee public Employee(String name, double salary, int age){ this.name = name; this.salary = salary; this.age = age; } Trong v d trn do cc tn bin tham s cng tn vi cc d liu ca lp d hiu khi s dng. Trong trng hp ny, ta phn bit c d liu ca lp nh dng bin this. 5) Khai bo chng phng thc (overloaded method): - Khai bo chng phng thc l ta to ra nhiu phng thc c cng tn, cc phng thc ch khc nhau cc tham s. - Do khi gi mt phng thc c khai bo chng, ta phi xc nh ng tham s cn gi theo phng thc tng ng thc hin. V d: - nh ngha lp Point3D class Point3D{ double x; double y; double z; Point3D(double x){ this(x,0,0); } Point3D(double x, double y){ this(x,y,0); } Point3D(double x, double y, double z){ this.x = x; this.y = y; this.z = z; }
Cc phng thc Contructor chng nhau.
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
void move(double x, double y, double z){ this.x = x; this.y = y; this.z = z; } void move(double x, double y){ this.x = x; this.y = y; } void move(double x){ this.x = x; } } - S dng lp Point3D class Point3DTest{ public static void main(String args[]){ Point3D p = new Point3D(1.1, 3.4, -2.8); p.move(5); System.out.println(p.x = + p.x); System.out.println(p.y = + p.y); System.out.println(p.z = + p.z); p.move(6,6); System.out.println(p.x = + p.x); System.out.println(p.y = + p.y); System.out.println(p.z = + p.z); p.move(7,7,7); System.out.println(p.x = + p.x); System.out.println(p.y = + p.y); System.out.println(p.z = + p.z); } }
Cc phng thc move chng nhau.
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
Kt qu chng trnh Point3DTest 6) D liu lp v phng thc lp (static): a) D liu lp: - L d liu dng chung (ton cc) cho tt c cc i tng cng kiu lp. Khai bo: static <kiu> <tnbin>; V d: class Aclass{ static int a; int b; ... } Aclass x = new Aclass(); Aclass y = new Aclass();
i tng x a b i tng y
Ging nhau Khc nhau
a b
- Thc hin gn gi tr: x.a = 10; x.b = 20; y.a = 30; y.b = 40; - Kt thc 4 cu lnh trn ta c x.a = 30 , x.b = 20
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
b) Phng thc lp: - L phng thc c trng khng cn truy cp d liu phin bn (non-static) ca lp. - Phng thc lp thng tng t nh hm ton cc trong cc ngn ng khc. - Phng thc lp ch truy xut d liu ton cc (static). C php: public static <tn phng thc>([cc tham s]){ // thn ca phng thc } - truy xut phng thc lp ca lp, ta dng c php sau: <ClassName>.<methodName>([params); V d: class Bclass{ static int a; int b; public static void f1(){ a++; // Truy xut hp l b++; // Pht sinh li } public void f2(){ b++; } } - Thc hin gi phng thc tnh: Bclass.f1(); Bclass.f2(); // Pht sinh li v f2 khng l static
III. S K THA LP:

Trong OOP, rt nhiu khi ta to mt lp mi da vo mt lp bit. Khi tt c tnh cht ca lp c (d liu v phng thc) s tr thnh tnh cht ca lp mi. Ta gi lp mi l lp dn xut t lp c (derived class) hay cn gi l lp con (subclass). Cn lp c c gi l siu lp (superclass).
A
Lp Superclass (lp cha)
Lp Subclass (lp con)
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
1) nh ngha lp k tha: C php: [modifier] class <Lp Con> extends <Lp Cha>{ // khai bo d liu mi ... // nh ngha phng thc mi ... } - Tt c cc lp khi nh ngha trong java u l lp dn xut t lp Object mc nh ca Java. Nhng ta c th b qua khai bo extends Object trong khi vit chng trnh (y l dng k tha ngm nh). V d: - Xt quan h gia lp Cylinder (hnh tr) v lp Circle (hnh trn). Nu c lp Circle, mun nh ngha lp Cylinder, ta d dng nhn thy rng Cylinder l hnh nh c bit ca Circle. Do ta c th dn xut t lp Circle nh ngha lp Cylinder.
Circle radius: double setRadius(double):void getRadius (): double area (): double perimeter (): double
Cylinder length: double setLength(double):void getLength (): double volume (): double
M hnh UML - Lp Circle.java package shape; public class Circle{ // Khai bo thnh phn thuc tnh private double radius; // Constructor public Circle(){
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
radius=1.0; } public Circle(double r){ radius=r; } // Cp nht gi tr cho thuc tnh radius public void setRadius(double r){ radius=r; } // c gi tr ca thuc tnh radius public double getRadius(){ return radius; } // tnh din tch public double area(){ return } // tnh chu vi public double perimeter(){ return 2*radius*Math.PI; } } - Lp Cylinder.java package shape; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class Cylinder extends Circle{ // Khai bo d liu mi private double length; // Constructors public Cylinder(){ super(); length=1.0; } public Cylinder(double radius,double length){ super(radius);
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radius*radius*Math.PI;
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
this.length=length; } // cp nht gi tr thuc tnh length public void setLength(double length){ this.length=length; } // c gi tr thuc tnh length public double getLength(){ return length; } // tnh th tch public double volume(){ return super.area()*length; } // phng thc chnh public static void main(String args[]){ Cylinder cyl = new Cylinder(2.0,3.0); DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat("0.00"); System.out.println(Radius of cylinder: + cyl.getRadius()); System.out.println(Length of cylinder: + cyl.getLength()); System.out.println(Volumn of cylinder: + fmt.format(cyl.volume())); } }
Kt qu ca Cylinder.java
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
2) T kha super: T kha super dng tham chiu n lp cha ca lp ang xt tng t nh t kha this l mt tham chiu n bn thn lp ang xt. C php:
super([params]) //gi Contructor lp cha super.<methodName>([params]) //gi phng thc lp cha
3) nh ngha li phng thc (Orverriding method) Do tnh tha k, lp con nhn tt c cc phng thc public hay protected ca lp cha lm ca mnh v cng c th thay th cc phng thc ny nu thy cn thit bng cch khai bo chng. V d: - Trong v d trn, do tnh k tha, lp Cylinder nhn phng thc area () ca lp Circle l phng thc ca mnh, nhng trong ng cnh lp Cylinder, cch x l ca phng thc area () khng cn ph hp, khi lp Cylinder c th khai bo chng phng thc area () ca lp cha n nh sau: - Lp Circle.java package shape; public class Circle{ // khai bo thnh phn thuc tnh private double radius; ... // tnh din tch public double area(){ return } // tnh chu vi public double perimeter(){ return 2*radius*Math.PI; } } - Lp Cylinder.java package shape; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class Cylinder extends Circle{ // khai bo d liu mi private double length;
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radius*radius*Math.PI;
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
... // nh ngha li phng thc area() public double area(){ return } // tnh th tch public double volume(){ return super.area()*length; } public static void main(String args[]){ Cylinder cyl = new Cylinder(2.0,3.0); DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat("0.00"); System.out.println(Radius of cylinder: + cyl.getRadius()); System.out.println(Length of cylinder: + cyl.getLength()); System.out.println(Volumn of cylinder: + fmt.format(cyl.volume())); System.out.println(Area of cylinder: + fmt.format(cyl.area())); } } 2*super.area() + super.perimeter()*length ;
Kt qu ca Cylinder.java 4) Cc b t ca lp (class modifiers): Lp trong java c 3 tnh cht c trng bi 3 t kha b t sau: - public : lp c th c truy cp t cc khi khc (packages). - final : lp khng th to dn xut (lp hng) - abstract : lp tru tng.
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
5) Lp tru tng i khi ta nh ngha mt lp m khng th bit v nh ngha cc thnh phn, phng thc ca n. Ta khai bo lp l mt lp tru tng. Cc thnh phn cc lp dn xut s c khai bo c th.
Shape
Cirlce
Retangle
Cylinder
Ta nh ngha lp Shape l lp tru tng, do khng th nh ngha cc thnh phn ca lp mt cch c th. C php: public abstract class <tn lp tru tng>{ ... public abstract <kiu d liu> Phng thc(); ... } V d: public abstract class Shape{ public abstract double area(); } // lp Circle dn xut t lp Shape public class Circle extends Shape{ public ... } } // lp Rectangle dn xut t lp Shape public class Rectangle extends Shape{ public double area(){ // chi tit x l tnh din tch ...
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double area(){
// chi tit x l tnh din tch
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
} } Lu : - Mt phng thc tnh (static) hay ring t (private) khng c nh ngha l tru tng, v khi c khai bo l private hay static, cc phng thc ny s khng c khai bo chng (overriding) bi cc lp dn xut. 6) Lp trong (Inner class): Lp trong, hay lp lng (nest class), l lp c nh ngha trong phm vi mt lp khc. V d: public class TestProgram{ static int currentCount; // inner class static class Apple{ private int weight; public Apple(int weight){ this.weight=weight; currentCount++; } public int getWeight(){ return weight; } } //end inner class public static void main(String args[]){ Apple a = new Apple(15); System.out.println(a.getWeight()); } }
Lp trong Apple
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
Kt qu ca TestProgram.java c tnh ca lp trong l: - Lp trong c th tham chiu d liu v phng thc nh ngha ti lp (lng) ngoi. V vy ta khng cn chuyn tham chiu ca lp ngoi n phng thc to dng ca lp trong. - Lp trong c th lm cho chng trnh tr nn n gin v r rng. - Lp trong ch nhm h tr cng vic ca lp ngoi v c bin dch thnh lp OutClassNam$InnerClassName.class.
IV. GIAO DIN (interface)

Giao din l mt khi nim mi trong ngn ng lp trnh hin i nh Java, C#, C++,... y ng nhm ln interface vi khi nim giao din ha. Interface l giao din ca mt lp i tng, n l cc khai bo phng thc hay thuc tnh public bn ngoi truy xut. Giao din ca i tng chnh l phn c t (ch cha khai bo v khng c phn ci t) ca mt lp. Ci t c th l cng vic ca lp. Mt i tng c th a ra cng lc nhiu giao din chng trnh bn ngoi truy xut. Thay v s dng lp truy xut ton b phng thc th nh pht trin c th gii hn cc phng thc m ngi dng s dng thng qua giao din. Khi s dng giao din, ta bt buc phi tham chiu n mt lp c th tng t nh php ton p kiu thng thng. C php: [modifier] interface <InterfaceName>{ } V d: Ta nh ngha 2 giao din truy xut lp Stack nh sau: - Giao din IStackOne.java public interface IStackOne{
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
public boolean isFull(); public boolean isEmpty(); } - Giao din IStackTwo.java public interface IStackTwo{ public void push(Object item); public Object pop(); } - Cu trc khai bo lp thc thi giao din: [modifier] class <ClassName> implements <I1>, <I2>{ // nh ngha lp } V d: Ta nh ngha lp Stack thc thi 2 giao din IStackOne v IStackTwo - Tp tin Stack.java public class Stack implements IStackOne, IStackTwo{ // khai bo d liu private Object data[]; private int top; // constructor public Stack(int size){ data = new Object[size]; top=-1; } // phng thc kim tra Stack y public boolean isFull(){ return top==data.length-1; } // phng thc kim tra Stack rng public boolean isEmpty(){ return top==-1; } //phng thc thm phn t vo Stack public void push(Object item){ if(!isFull()) data[++top]=item;
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
} //phng thc ly phn t khi Stack public Object pop(){ return data[top--]; } // phng thc chnh public static void main(String args[]){ Stack s= new Stack(10); IStackOne isone =(IStackOne)s; IStackTwo istwo =(IStackTwo)s; istwo.push("C++"); istwo.push("Java"); while(!isone.isEmpty()){ System.out.println(istwo.pop()); } } }
Kt qu ca Stack.java
V. MT S LP TH VIN THNG DNG:

1) Lp String: Khi to chui: String s1 = new String(Welcome to java !); Hoc cu lnh to chui n gin: String s1= Welcome to java !; So snh bng gia 2 ni dung ca 2 i tng. if(s1.equals(s2)) System.out.println(s1 same s2) ; else
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh hng i tng
System.out.println(s1 different s2) ; So snh i chiu gia 2 chui: s1.compareTo(String s2) - Phng thc tr v 0 nu s1 bng s2 - Phng thc tr v < 0 nu s1 < s2 - Phng thc tr v > 0 nu s1>< s2 Ghp hai chui: s1.concat(String s2) - Phng thc tr v chui c ghp. Trch chui con t 1 chui: s.substring( int begin, int end) - Phng thc tr v chui con bt u t ch s begin n end-1 Tr v chiu di chui. s.length() Truy xut k t ti ch s index trong chui. s.charAt(int index) Tm v tr chui s2 xut hin trong chui s1 bt u t ch s index s1.indexOf( String s2, int index): - Phng thc tr v -1 nu khng c chui s2 trong s1. - Phng thc tr v 1 nu khng c chui s2 trong s1. String s1= "Welcome to java !"; String s2= "java"; int pos = s1.indexOf(s2,0)); // gi tr ca pos l 11
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
Chng 4 LP TRNH GIAO DIN HA

Sau bi hc ny, hc vin c th: - S dng c cc thnh phn GUI (Graphics User Interface) pht trin ng dng ha. - Hiu c m hnh bin c (s kin) trn thnh phn GUI. - Xc nh c cc giao din lng nghe v x l bin c cho cc thnh phn.
I. KHI NIM:
- Khi Java c pht hnh, cc thnh phn ha tp trung vo th vin mang tn AWT (Abstract Windows Toolkit). AWT rt hu ch trong thit k chng trnh ng dng GUI nhng khng dng thit k nhng project GUI ton din. Ngoi ra, AWT c kh nng mc li h nn. T Java 2, cc thnh phn giao din ngi dng thay th bng th vin Swing linh hot, a nng v mnh m hn.Thnh phn Swing t ph thuc h nn hn. Mc d thnh phn AWT vn c h tr trong Java 2, nhng bn nn lp trnh vi thnh Swing, bi l thnh phn AWT dn dn s li thi. - Java cung cp th vin lp rt phong ph nhm tr gip thit lp giao din ngi dng dng ha. Ta c th s dng nhiu lp thit k GUI khc nhau nh khung, panel, nt nhn, trng vn bn, vng vn bn, hp combo, chn, nt radio, menu, thanh cun,... thit k giao din ngi dng.
II. TO KHUNG (FRAME):

Cng vic u tin ta mun thc hin vi lp trnh ha l hin th ca s. Lp dng to khung ca s l JFrame (javax.swing). - Khi to ca s: JFrame (): to khung ca s khng c tiu . - JFrame (String title): to khung ca s c tiu ch nh. Cc phng thc thng dng trn Jframe: - void setSize (int w, int h): qui nh kch thc ca s theo chiu rng v chiu cao. - void setTitle (String title): t li tiu cho ca s. - void setResizable (boolean b): cho php ca s co gin hay khng
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
- void setIconImage (Image img): gn li biu tng cho ca s. - void setVisible (boolean b): hin hoc n ca s ra mn hnh V d: package chapter04; import javax.swing.*; public class Main{ public static void main(String[] args){ JFrame frm= new JFrame("My Application"); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setVisible(true); } }
Kt qu ca MyFrame.java Thng thng khi to ca s, ta nn k tha thay cho vic s dng trc tip. V d: package chapter04; import javax.swing.*; public class MyFrame extends JFrame{ public MyFrame(String title){ super(title); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args){ MyFrame frm = new MyFrame("My Appplication"); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setVisible(true); }
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
III. LP TRNH THEO BIN C (EVENT):

Chng trnh ha thng c iu khin bi bin c. Trong lp trnh bin c, m chng trnh thi hnh khi bin c c kch hot. 1) Bin c v ngun pht sinh bin c: - Khi vn hnh chng trnh ha Java, chng trnh tng tc vi ngi dng, cn cc bin c chi phi vic thi hnh chng trnh. Bin c l loi tn hiu bo cho chng trnh bit c s kin no xy ra. Bin c pht sinh t hnh ng bn ngoi ca ngi dng, nh thao tc di chuyn mouse, nhn mouse, g phm,...Chng trnh c th chn phn hi hay b qua bin c. - Thnh phn GUI, ni pht sinh bin c, gi l i tng ngun (source object). V d, nhp nt bt k s kch hot mt bin c. Nt c nhp chnh l i tng ngun. truy cp i tng ngun ta da vo phng thc getSource () trn bin c. Cc loi bin c rt a dng x l nhng hnh ng ca ngi dng. - Lp bin c cha bt k gi tr d liu no thch hp vi loi bin c c th. Chng hn, lp KeyEvent nh ngha mi hng chnh, nh VK_DOWN (phm mi tn xung), v phng thc getKeyChar () (tr v k t phi hp vi bin c). Cc i tng ngun v mt s loi bin c pht sinh thng dng:
Hnh ng ca ngi dng Nhp nt Thay i vn bn Nhn Enter trn trng vn bn Chn khon mc mi Nhp chn Chn khon mc menu Di chuyn thanh cun Di tiu im n hoc ra khi thnh phn Di chuyn mouse Th hoc nhn phm i tng ngun JButton JTextComponent JTextField JComboBox JCheckBox, JRadioButton JMenuItem JScrollBar Component Loi bin c pht sinh ActionEvent TextEvent ActionEvent ItemEvent, ActionEvent ItemEvent, ActionEvent ActionEvent AdjustmentEvent FocusEvent
Component Component
MouseEvent KeyEvent
2) ng k, lng nghe v x l bin c: Java s dng m hnh da trn s y nhim x l bin c. Hnh ng ca ngi dng tc ng ln i tng ngun s pht sinh bin c. i tng no quan tm n bin c s tip nhn bin c. i tng nh th gi l i tng lng nghe (listener). Mun tr thnh i tng lng nghe, i tng phi c i tng ngun ng k lm listener. i tng ngun s duy tr danh sch i tng lng nghe v thng bo n tt
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
c i tng lng nghe ng k bng cch gi phng thc x l bin c (gi l handler ) trn i tng lng nghe, nhm hi p bin c. M hnh bin c:
Event Object Pht sinh i tng bin c Khi to bin c Source Object ng k i tng lng nghe
Thng bo n i tng lng nghe Listener Object Event Handler
- Phng thc ng k ph thuc vo loi bin c. Thng theo c php tng qut l: addXListener (XListener) V d: - i vi bin c ActionEvent, phng thc m i tng ngun ng k l addActionListener. h thng kch hot phng thc x l (handler) trn i tng lng nghe, i tng lng nghe phi thi hnh phng thc x l chun. Phng thc x l c nh ngha trong giao din lng nghe bin c tng ng. Java cung cp giao din lng nghe cho tng loi bin c ha. Mi i tng lng nghe phi thc thi (implements) giao din tng ng. Cc loi bin c, giao din lng nghe tng ng thng dng v cc phng thc nh ngha trong giao din lng nghe.
Lp bin c ActionEvent ItemEvent TextEvent FocusEvent MouseEvent Giao din lng nghe ActionListener ItemListener TextListener FocusListener MouseListener Loi bin c pht sinh actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) itemStateChanged (ItemEvent e) textValueChanged (TextEvent e) focusGained (FocusEvent e) focusLost (FocusEvent e) mousePressed (MouseEvent e) mouseReleased (MousEvent e) mouseClicked (MouseEvent e) mouseEntered (MouseEvent e) mouseExited (MouseEvent e) mouseMoved (MouseEvent e) moouseDragged (MouseEvent e) keyPressed (KeyEvent e) keyReleased (KeyEvent e) keyTyped (KeyEvent e) adjustmentValueChanged (AdjustmentEvent e )
MouseMotionListener KeyEvent KeyListener
AdjustmentEvent
AdjustmentListener
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3) X l bin c: i tng lng nghe phi thc thi giao din lng nghe tng ng. Ly v d, i tng lng nghe dnh cho i tng ngun JButton buc phi thc thi giao din ActionListener. Giao din ActionListener cha phng thc actionPerformed (ActionEvent e). Phng thc ny phi c nh ngha li trong lp i tng lng nghe. Ngay khi c thng bo, phng thc actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) s c thi hnh hu x l bin c. V d 2: X l bin c hnh ng (ActionEvent) n gin - Chng trnh sau hin th nt Close trong ca s. Khi ngi dng click nt Close chng trnh s kt thc. package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class TestActionEvent extends JFrame{ private JButton btnClose; public TestActionEvent(){ setTitle("Test ActionEvent"); btnClose= new JButton("Close"); getContentPane().setLayout(new FlowLayout()); getContentPane().add(btnClose); // ng k i tng lng nghe btnClose.addActionListener(new MyActionListener()); } // nh ngha lp i tng lng nghe class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ // nh ngha li phng thc hnh ng public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ if(e.getSource()==btnClose) System.exit(0); } } public static void main(String args[]){ TestActionEvent frm = new TestActionEvent(); frm.setSize(300,200);
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frm.setVisible(true); } }
Kt qu ca TestActionEvent.java V d: X l bin c mouse (MouseEvent) n gin. - Chng trnh sau to khung ca s v hin th hnh trn t y ti con tr mouse khi nhp mouse. package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class TestMouseEvent extends JFrame{ private int x,y=0; // ta x,y public TestMouseEvent(){ setTitle("Test MouseEvent"); // ng k i tng lng nghe addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener()); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public void paint(Graphics g){ g.fillOval(x-5,y-5,10,10); } // nh ngha lp i tng lng nghe class MyMouseListener implements MouseListener{ // nh ngha li phng thc nhp mouse public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ x=e.getX();
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// v hnh oval
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
y=e.getY(); repaint(); } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e){ } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){ } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){ } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){ } } public static void main(String args[]){ TestMouseEvent frm = new TestMouseEvent(); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setVisible(true); } } // gi li phng thc paint()
Kt qu ca TestMouseEvent.java Lu : - Qun khng ng k i tng lng nghe l li thng gp trong x l bin c. Nu h thng khng khai bo i tng lng nghe, i tng lng nghe khng th hot ng trn bin c. 4) Lp iu hp v lp khng tn: - M hnh bin c Java rt linh hot, n cho php hiu chnh v chp nhn bin th. Mt trong nhng bin th hu ch ca m hnh l lp iu hp (adapter) x l bin c. Lp iu hp c ng k di dng i tng lng nghe cho i tng ngun. Java cung cp lp iu hp tin dng cho tng giao din lng nghe bin c vi nhiu phng thc x l. Lp iu hp ch l mt thc thi n gin ca giao din lng nghe bin c, cha cc phng thc rng cho tng phng thc nh ngha trong giao din. - Ch c nhng giao din lng nghe cha t 2 phng thc tr ln th mi c lp iu hp. Thng thng mt giao din lng nghe XListener th s c mt XAdapter.
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V d: MouseListener th s c MouseAdapter. Lp i tng lng nghe c th m rng (extends) lp iu hp x l bin c thay v thc thi (implements) giao din lng nghe. V d: - Ta c th s dng lp iu hp thay v giao din lng nghe trong chng trnh x l bin c mouse n gin.
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class TestMouseEventUsingAdapter extends JFrame{ private int x,y=0; // ta x,y public TestMouseEventUsingAdapter(){ setTitle("Test MouseEvent"); // ng k i tng lng nghe addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener()); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public void paint(Graphics g){ g.fillOval(x-5,y-5,10,10); } // nh ngha lp i tng lng nghe class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{ // nh ngha li phng thc nhp mouse public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ x=e.getX(); y=e.getY(); repaint(); } } public static void main(String args[]){ TestMouseEventUsingAdapter frm = new TestMouseEventUsingAdapter(); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setVisible(true); } } Trang 55
// v hnh oval
// gi li phng thc paint()
Lp trnh Java
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- Chng trnh c th rt gn hn na khi dng lp trong khng tn. Lp trong khng tn (anonymouse inner class) l lp lng trong khng c tn gi. V d:
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class TestMouseEventUsingAnonymousInnerClass extends JFrame{ private int x,y=0; // ta x,y public TestMouseEventUsingAnonymousInnerClass(){ setTitle("Test MouseEvent"); // ng k lp iu hp lm listener addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter(){ // nh ngha li phng thc nhp mouse public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ processMousePressed(e); } }); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public void paint(Graphics g){ g.fillOval(x-5,y-5,10,10); } public void processMousePressed(MouseEvent e){ x=e.getX(); y=e.getY(); repaint(); } public static void main(String args[]){ TestMouseEventUsingAnonymousInnerClass frm = new TestMouseEventUsingAnonymousInnerClass(); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setVisible(true); } } // gi li phng thc paint() // v hnh oval
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IV. LP QUN L B CC:

1) Khi nim v lp qun l b cc: nhiu h thng ca s khc, cc thnh phn giao din thng c sp xp da vo nhng s o pixel m ha cng. V d: - t nt ti v tr (10,10) trong ca s. Dng s o pixel m ha cng, giao din ngi dng trong rt hon ho trn h thng ny nhng li khng s dng c trn h thng khc. Lp qun l b cc (layout manager) ca Java s a ra mc phn chia gip t ng sp xp giao din ngi dng trn tt c h thng ca s. Nhng thnh phn GUI c t vo vng cha. Mi vng cha c mt lp qun l b cc sp xp thnh phn GUI trong phm vi vng cha. Mt s lp qun l b cc thng dng l: - FlowLayout - GridLayout - BorderLayout - CardLayout - GridbagLayout Lp qun l b cc c n nh trong vng cha, nh JFrame, JPanel hoc JApplet. C php:
Tn_vng_cha.setLayout(new <tn lp qun l b cc>());
thm thnh phn vo vng cha, s dng phng thc: void add(Component p) void add(Component p,int index) V d: - Thm nt btnClose vo vng cha container: container.add(btnClose); 2) B cc FlowLayout: - Dng sp xp cc thnh phn t tri qua phi theo mt trt t nh chng thm vo. - C th canh l da vo 3 hng: FlowLayout.RIGHT FlowLayout.CENTER FlowLayout.LEFT. Phng thc khi to: public public FLowLayout(int align, int hgap, int vgap) FLowLayout(int align)
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- To FlowLayout vi kiu canh l, khong trng ngang v dc c th.
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
- To FlowLayout vi kiu canh l c th, khong trng ngang v dc mc nh l 5 pixel. public FLowLayout() - To lp FlowLayout vi kiu canh l gia mc nh, khong trng ngang v dc mc nh l 5 pixel. V d: package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ShowFlowLayout extends JFrame{ JButton b1,b2,b3,b4; public ShowFlowLayout(){ setTitle("Demo FlowLayout"); Container container = getContentPane(); container.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); container.add(b1= new JButton("Button 1")); container.add(b2= new JButton("Button 2")); container.add(b3= new JButton("Button 3")); container.add(b4= new JButton("Button 4")); } public static void main(String[] args){ ShowFlowLayout frm = new ShowFlowLayout(); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.show(); } }
Kt qu ca ShowFlowLayout.java
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3) B cc GridLayout: - Sp xp cc thnh phn theo khung li k (ma trn) vi s dng v ct do phng thc to dng quyt nh. - Thnh phn c t vo li t tri sang phi, bt u t hng u tin, tip n l hng th hai, ... Phng thc khi to: public GridLayout(int rows,int columns,int hgap,int vgap) - To GridLayout vi s dng, ct, cng khong trng ngang v dc nh r. public GridLayout(int rows,int columns) - To GridLayout vi s dng, ct nh r, khong trng ngang v dc mc nh l 0 pixel. V d: package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ShowGridLayout extends JFrame{ JButton btn[]; public ShowGridLayout(){ setTitle("Demo GridLayout"); Container container = getContentPane(); container.setLayout(new GridLayout(4,3,5,5)); btn = new JButton[10]; for(int i=0;i<btn.length;i++){ btn[i]= new JButton("Button " +(i+1)); container.add(btn[i]); } } public static void main(String[] args){ ShowGridLayout frm = new ShowGridLayout(); frm.pack(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.show(); } }
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Kt qu ca ShowGridLayout.java 4) B cc BorderLayout: - Lp qun l BorderLayout phn chia vng cha thnh 5 khu vc (North, South,West, East, Center). - Mi khu vc c nh ngha bi 1 hng s sau: BorderLayout.NORTH BorderLayout.SOUTH BorderLayout.WEST BorderLayout.EAST BorderLayout.CENTER Phng thc khi to: public BorderLayout(int hgap, int vgap) - To BorderLayout vi khong trng ngang v dc nh r xen gia cc thnh phn. public BorderLayout() - To BorderLayout khng c khong trng ngang v dc. V d:
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ShowBorderLayout extends JFrame{ public ShowBorderLayout(){ setTitle("Demo GridLayout"); Container container = getContentPane(); container.setLayout(new BorderLayout(5,5)); container.add(new JButton("North"),BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(new JButton("South"),BorderLayout.SOUTH); container.add(new JButton("West"),BorderLayout.WEST); container.add(new JButton("East"),BorderLayout.EAST); container.add(new JButton("Center"),BorderLayout.CENTER); }
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Lp trnh Java public static void main(String[] args){
Lp trnh giao din ha
ShowBorderLayout frm = new ShowBorderLayout(); frm.pack(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.show(); } }
Kt qu ca ShowBorderLayout.java Lu : - Lun lun n nh kiu trnh by tht r rng cho vng cha, mc d lp qun l BorderLayout c p dng theo mc nh cho khung ni dung ca JFrame
V. JPanel (vng cha):

- Gi s ta mun t 10 nt v mt trng vn bn trn khung. Nt c t theo s khung li, nhng trng vn bn phi t vo hng ring bit. Rt kh thu c kt qu mong mun nu t tt c cc thnh phn trn vo mt vng cha n l. - Vp lp trnh ha Java, ta c th chia nh ca s thnh nhiu panel. Nhng panel ny hot ng di dng vng cha nh hn ghp nhm cc thnh phn giao din ngi dng. 1) S dng Jpanel: Phng thc khi to panel: public JPanel() - To vng cha n nh b cc FlowLayout mc nh. public JPanel(LayoutManager layout) - To vng cha vi 1 b cc nh r. Chng hn, mun thm nt vo panel p, ta s dng lnh: JPanel p= new JPanel(); p.add(new JButton(ButtonName)); V d:
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; Trang 61
Lp trnh Java import javax.swing.*; public class TestPanel extends JFrame{ private JTextField txtDisplay; private JButton btnNum[]; public TestPanel(){ setTitle("TestPanels"); Container c= getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); txtDisplay =new JTextField();
Lp trnh giao din ha
// to panel ghp cc nt s bng b cc GridLayout JPanel p = new JPanel(); p.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3)); btnNum = new JButton[10]; for(int i=0;i<btnNum.length;i++){ p.add(btnNum[i]= new JButton(String.valueOf(i))); btnNum[i].addActionListener(new MyActionListener()); } // t panel vo gia khung c.add(p,BorderLayout.CENTER); // t trng vn bn bn trn panel c.add(txtDisplay,BorderLayout.NORTH); } class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ String actionCommand = e.getActionCommand(); if(e.getSource() instanceof JButton) txtDisplay.setText(actionCommand); } } public static void main(String args[]){ TestPanel frm frm.pack(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setVisible(true); } } Trang 62
= new TestPanel();
Lp trnh Java
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Kt xut ca TestPanel.java 2) S dng Panel v i tng ha: - Panel thng c dng lm vt cha nh ghp nhm cc thnh phn hu thu c b cc mong mun. Cng dng quan trng khc ca JPanel l v i tng ha. - Mun v trn panel, ta cn to lp mi m rng lp JPanel v nh ngha li phng thc paintComponent () hu ch th cho panel cch v i tng ha. Mc d c php v thng ip, hnh dng v hin th hnh nh trc tip ln khung (JFrame) nhng ta vn nn dng JPanel v theo cch ny, bc v s khng nh hng n cc thnh phn khc. V d: V trn panel - Chng trnh to mt lp con ca JPanel s hin th thng ip. Ta dng mouse di chuyn thng ip v thng ip lun xut hin ti thi im t mouse. package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class PanelDrawingDemo extends JFrame{ public PanelDrawingDemo(){ setTitle("Panel Drawing Demo"); PaintPanel p =new PaintPanel("Welcome to java"); getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout()); getContentPane().add(p,BorderLayout.CENTER); } public static void main(String args[]){ PanelDrawingDemo frm = new PanelDrawingDemo(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setVisible(true); } }
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// class PaintPanel draw a message class PaintPanel extends JPanel{ private String message; private int x,y; public PaintPanel(String msg){ message=msg; this.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter(){ public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){ x=e.getX(); y=e.getY(); repaint(); } }); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g){ super.paintComponent(g); //clear the viewing area g.drawString(message,x,y); } }
Kt xut ca PanelDrawingDemo.java
VI. Thnh phn giao din ngi dng:

1) JButon (nt nhn): L thnh phn khi to bin c khi c nhn. Phng thc to dng: public JButton(String text) - To nt vi nhn ch nh public JButton(Icon icon)
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- To nt vi biu tng ch nh. public JButton(String text, Icon icon) - To nt vi nhn v biu tng ch nh Mt s phng thc thng dng trn Jbuton: void setText(String text) - t li nhn cho nt void setIcon(Icon icon) - t li biu tng cho nt void setEnabled( boolean b) - t tnh hiu lc cho nt void setToolTipText(String text) - t ch thch (tooltiptext) cho nt void setMnemonic(char c) - nh phm tt void setVisible(boolean b) - Cho nt n hoc hin V d: - Chng trnh sau hin th mt chui trong trng vn bn, click 2 nt left, right canh l tri, l phi v click nt close kt thc chng trnh.
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class ButtonDemo extends JFrame{ private JButton btnLeft,btnRight,btnClose; private JTextField txtdisplay; public ButtonDemo(){ setTitle("Button Demo"); Container c = getContentPane(); JPanel p = new JPanel(); p.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); p.add(btnLeft= new JButton("Left")); p.add(btnRight= new JButton("right")); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(this.getClass().getResource( "images/close.jpg")); p.add(btnClose= new JButton("Close",icon)); c.add(p,BorderLayout.CENTER); Trang 65
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c.add(txtdisplay=new JTextField("Welcome to java",20) ,BorderLayout.NORTH); MyActionListener myAction = new MyActionListener(); btnLeft.addActionListener(myAction); btnRight.addActionListener(myAction); btnClose.addActionListener(myAction); } class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ if(e.getSource()==btnLeft){ txtdisplay.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.LEFT); }else if(e.getSource()==btnRight){ txtdisplay.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.RIGHT); }else if(e.getSource()==btnClose){ System.exit(0); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ ButtonDemo frm = new ButtonDemo(); frm.pack(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setVisible(true); } }
Kt qu ca ButtonDemo.java 2) JLabel (nhn): L vng hin th mt chui k t ngn, hnh nh hoc c hai. Phng thc to dng: public JLabel(String text) - To nhn vi chui k t cho trc. public JLabel(String text, int align)
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Lp trnh Java
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- To nhn vi chui k t cho trc v c canh l. public JLabel(Icon icon) - To nhn vi biu tng. Phng thc phng thc thng dng trn JLabel void setText(String text) - t li nhn void setIcon(Icon icon) - t li icon cho nhn Cc hng s canh l: - JLable.RIGHT - JLable.LEFT - JLable.CENTER. 3) JTextField (trng vn bn): Thnh phn cho php nhp mt dng vn bn Phng thc to dng: public JTextField(int columns) - To trng vn bn trng vi s ct ch nh public JTextField(String text) - To trng vn bn vi chui nh r public JTextField(String text, int columns) - To trng vn bn vi ni dung cho trc v s ct ch nh Mt s phng thc thng dng trn JTextField void setText(String text) - t li ni dung cho trng vn bn String getText() - Ly v ni dung trong vng vn bn void setEditable(boolean state - Cho php ngi dng c th hiu chnh hay khng V d: - Chng trnh mu nhp hai tr s vo hai trng vn bn v hin th tng ca chng trng th 3 khi nhp nt Add.
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class TextFieldDemo extends JFrame{ Trang 67
Lp trnh Java private JButton btnAdd;
Lp trnh giao din ha
private JTextField txtNum1,txtNum2,txtResult; public TextFieldDemo(){ setTitle("Button Demo"); Container c = getContentPane(); JPanel p1 = new JPanel(); p1.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); p1.add(new JLabel("Number 1")); p1.add(txtNum1 = new JTextField(3)); p1.add(new JLabel("Number 2")); p1.add(txtNum2 = new JTextField(3)); p1.add(new JLabel("Result")); p1.add(txtResult = new JTextField(4)); txtResult.setEditable(false); JPanel p2= new JPanel(); p2.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); p2.add(btnAdd= new JButton("Add")); c.add(p1,BorderLayout.CENTER); c.add(p2,BorderLayout.SOUTH); MyActionListener myAction = new MyActionListener(); btnAdd.addActionListener(myAction); } class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ if(e.getSource()==btnAdd){ double num1 = Double.parseDouble(txtNum1.getText()); double num2 = Double.parseDouble(txtNum2.getText()); double result = num1 + num2; txtResult.setText(String.valueOf(result)); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ TextFieldDemo frm= new TextFieldDemo(); frm.pack(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setVisible(true); } Trang 68
Lp trnh Java }
Lp trnh giao din ha
Kt qu ca TextFieldDemo.java 4) JTextArea (Vng vn bn): Thnh phn cho php ngi dng g nhiu dng vn bn. Phng thc to dng: public JTextArea(int rows, int cols) - To vng vn bn vi s dng, ct xc nh. public JTextArea(String text, int rows, int cols) - To vng vn bn vi s dng, ct ch nh v ni dung cho trc Mt s phng thc thng dng trn JTextArea void setText(String text) - t li ni dung String getText() - Ly v ni dung void setEditable(boolean b) - Cho php ngi dng c th chnh sa vn bn hay khng. void setLineWrap(boolean b) - Cho bit dng ch c t ng xung dng khng. String getSelectedText() - Ly v ni dung vn bn c nh du chn void append(String s) - Thm chui s vo cui vn bn void insert(String s,int pos) - Chn chui s vo v tr nh trong vng vn bn. void replaceRange(String s, int start, int end) - Thay th phn vn bn t v tr start n v tr end bng chui s. Lu : - Lp JTextArea khng x l thao tc cun, x l thao tc cun cho JTextArea ta c th to i tng JScrollPane cha phin bn ca lp JTextArea nh sau: JTextArea area = new JTextArea(10,30); JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(area);
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Lp trnh Java
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getContentPane().add(scrollPane, BorderLayout, CENTER); V d: - Chng trnh mu cho php ngi dng nhp vn bn t trng vn bn, sau ghi ni vo cui ni dung vng vn bn.
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class TextAreaDemo extends JFrame{ private JTextArea area; private JButton btnStore; private JTextField txtInput; public TextAreaDemo(){ setTitle("Test TextArea"); JPanel p =new JPanel(); p.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); p.add(new JLabel("Input")); p.add(txtInput= new JTextField(20)); p.add(btnStore= new JButton("Store")); // create a scroll pane to hold text area JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(area = new JTextArea(5,20)); area.setLineWrap(true); getContentPane().add(scrollPane,BorderLayout.CENTER); getContentPane().add(p,BorderLayout.SOUTH); // register listener MyActionListener myAction = new MyActionListener(); txtInput.addActionListener(myAction); btnStore.addActionListener(myAction); } class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ area.append(txtInput.getText().trim()); } } public static void main(String args[]){ TextAreaDemo frm = new TextAreaDemo(); Trang 70
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frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.pack(); frm.setVisible(true); } }
Kt qut ca TextAreaDemo.java 5) JComboBox (Hp combo) L danh sch lit k nhng khon mc m ngi dng c th chn la. Phng thc to dng: public JComboBox() - To danh sch rng Mt s phng thc thng dng trn JcomboBox: void addItem(Object item) - Thm mt i tng vo hp combo Object getItemAt(int index) - Ly v khon mc t hp combo ti ch s nh. Object getSelectedItem() - Ly v khon mc c chn trn combo bi ngi dng. void removeItem( Object item) - Xo mt khon mc khi danh sch. void removeAllItems() - Xo ton b cc khon mc khi danh sch. int getItemCount() - Tr v s khon mc ca danh sch. 6) JList (danh sch): L thnh phn, v c bn, c cng chc nng vi hp combo, nhng n cho php ngi dng chn gi tr n l hoc nhiu gi tr. Phng thc to dng: public JList(Object []) - To danh sch vi mng khon mc ch nh.
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Mt s phng thc thng dng trn Jlist: int getSelectedIndex() - Tr v ch s ca khon mc c chn trong danh sch. int[] getSelectedIndices() - Tr v mng gi tr biu th ch s cc khon mc c chn. Object getSelectedValue() - Tr v gi tr c chn u tin trong danh sch. Object[] getSelectedValues() - Tr v mng i tng biu th cc gi tr c chn. void setSelectionMode(int mode) - t ch chn cho danh sch. Lu : - Danh sch khng t ng cun. danh sch cun c, ta dng khung cun (scroll pane) v t danh sch vo y, tng t nh JTextArea. - Danh sch JList pht sinh bin c javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent thng bo n cc i tng lng nghe v khon mc c chn. i tng lng nghe phi thc thi phng thc valueChanged () hu x l bin c. V d: - Chng trnh sau cho php ngi dng chn tn sch trong danh sch v hin th nh ba ca sch trong nhn.
package chapter04; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.event.*; public class ListDemo extends JFrame{ private JList lstBook; private JLabel lbBookImage; private ImageIcon bookImage[]= new ImageIcon[5]; public ListDemo(){ setTitle("List Demo"); String bookName[]={"Java 2 Programming", "Java Networking", "Java with OOP", Jsp/Servlet Web Programing", Java 2 Research}; JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane( lstBook = new JList(bookName)); Trang 72
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
getContentPane().add(scrollPane,BorderLayout.WEST); for(int i=0;i<bookImage.length;i++){ bookImage[i] = new ImageIcon(this.getClass().getResource( "images/" + i + ".jpg")); } lbBookImage = new JLabel(bookImage[0]); getContentPane().add(lbBookImage,BorderLayout.CENTER); // register listeners lstBook.addListSelectionListener(new MySelectionListener()); } class MySelectionListener implements ListSelectionListener{ public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent e){ lbBookImage.setIcon(bookImage[ lstBook.getSelectedIndex()]); } } public static void main(String args[]){ ListDemo frm = new ListDemo(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.pack(); frm.setVisible(true); } }
Kt qu ca ListDemo.java 7) JCheckBox v JradioButton: a) JCheckBox ( chn): - Thnh phn cho php ngi dng chn hoc xa chn mt ty chn. - Hnh dng: Phng thc to dng: public JCheckBox(String text)
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
- To chn vi chui vn bn ch nh. public JCheckBox(String text, boolean selected) - To chn vi chui vn bn ch nh v nh r trng thi ban u ca chn. Mt s phng thc thng dng trn JcheckBox: void setText(String text) - t li nhn cho chn void setIcon( Icon icon) - t li biu tng cho chn void setVisible(boolean b) - Cho chn n hoc hin public boolean isSelected() - Tr v trng thi chn b) JRadioButton (nt radio) - L thnh phn tng t nh JcheckBox. - Hnh dng: Phng thc to dng: public JRadioButton(String) public JRadioButton(String, boolean) - Mun nhm cc nt radio li vi nhau, ta cn to i tng javax.swing.ButtonGroup v t nt radio vo i tng bng phng thc add (), chng hn nh on m minh ha sau: JRadioButton jrd1 = new JRadioButton(Male,true); JRadioButton jrd2 = new JRadioButton(Female); ButtonGroup btg= new ButtonGroup(); btg.add(jrb1); btg.add(jrb1); V d: - Chng trnh mu cho php nh dng chui k t trong vng vn bn, ngi dng c th chn in m v in nghing cng lc. Cng c th chn mu ch cho vng vn bn.
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.border.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class BorderDemo extends JFrame{ Trang 74
Lp trnh Java private JCheckBox chkBold,chkItalic; private JRadioButton jrdBlue, jrdBlack; private JTextArea area; public BorderDemo(){ setTitle("BorderDemo"); Container c = getContentPane(); JPanel p1 = new JPanel(); p1.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); // set TitledBorder for panel p1
Lp trnh giao din ha
p1.setBorder(new TitledBorder(new EtchedBorder(), "Font style")); p1.add(chkBold= new JCheckBox("Bold")); p1.add(chkItalic= new JCheckBox("Italic")); JPanel p2 = new JPanel(); p2.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); // set TitledBorder to panel p2 p2.setBorder(new TitledBorder(new EtchedBorder(), "Font color")); p2.add(jrdBlue= new JRadioButton("Green")); p2.add(jrdBlack= new JRadioButton("White")); ButtonGroup btg =new ButtonGroup(); btg.add(jrdBlue); btg.add(jrdBlack); c.add(p1,BorderLayout.SOUTH); c.add(p2,BorderLayout.EAST); JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(area = new JTextArea("Welcome to java")); c.add(scrollPane,BorderLayout.CENTER); // register listener MyItemListener myAction = new MyItemListener(); chkBold.addItemListener(myAction); chkItalic.addItemListener(myAction); jrdBlue.addItemListener(myAction); jrdBlack.addItemListener(myAction); } class MyItemListener implements ItemListener{ public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e){ int selectedStyle=0; Trang 75
Lp trnh Java if(chkBold.isSelected())
Lp trnh giao din ha
selectedStyle = selectedStyle + Font.BOLD; if(chkItalic.isSelected()) selectedStyle = selectedStyle + Font.ITALIC; area.setFont(new Font("Monospaced",selectedStyle,12)); if(jrdBlue.isSelected()) area.setForeground(Color.blue); else area.setForeground(Color.BLACK); } } public static void main(String[] args){ BorderDemo frm= new BorderDemo(); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setVisible(true); } }
Kt qu ca JCheckBoxRadioButtonDemo.java Border (khung vin): - L mt trong nhng c tnh mi th v ca thnh phn swing (c cha trong gi javax.swing.border). - Ta thng thit lp khung vin c tiu trn lp JPanel, ghp nhm tp hp thnh phn giao din ngi dng c lin quan nhau. - t khung vin c tiu cho panel, ta thng dng lnh sau:
JPanel p = new JPanel(); p.setBorder(new TitledBorder(new EtchedBorder(),"Tiu "));
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
8) JOptionPane (Hp thoi thng bo): - Thng c dng lm ca s tm nhn thm thng tin t ngi dng, hoc thng bo v nhng bin c xy ra Cc thnh phn ca ca s dng hp thoi thng bo l:
Biu tng
Thng ip Nt ty chn
C php: public showMessageDialog(Component ParentComponent, Object Message, String Title, int MessageType) - ParentComponet: l thnh phn cha ca hp thoi, ni hp thoi khi ng. - Message: l i tng cn hin th - Title: l tiu hp thoi - Messagetype: l kiu thng ip hin th. C 5 kiu thng ip: ERROR_MESSAGE INFORMATION_MESSAGE PLAIN_MESSAGE WARNING_MESSAGE QUESTION_MESSAGE V d: - Cu lnh sau hin th mt thng ip Welcome to java. JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Welcome to java", "Welcome", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
9) Menu (thc n): Menu gip chn la d dng v c s dng rng ri trong cc chng trnh ng dng dng ca s. Java cung cp 5 lp: JMenuBar, JMenu, JMenuItem, JCheckBoxMenuItem v JRadioButtonMenuItem s dng to menu.
JMenu JMenuItem
JMenuBar JRadionButtonMenuItem
JCheckBoxMenuItem
Trnh t ng dng menu trong java: - To thanh menu v phi hp n vi khung bt k: JFrame frm = new JFrame("Menu Demo"); JMenuBar jmb = new JMenuBar(); frm.setJMenuBar(jmb); - To menu: S dng phng thc to dng sau y: public V d: JMenu JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File"); helpMenu = new JMenu("Help"); JMenu(String label)
jmb.add(fileMenu); jmb.add(helpMenu);
To cc khon mc v chn vo menu: fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("New")); fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Open"));

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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
fileMenu.addSeparator(); // To khong cch trong menu fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Print")); fileMenu.addSeparator(); // To khong cch trong menu fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Exit")); on m ny ln lt b sung cc khon mc New, Open, vch phn cch, Print, vch phn cch v Exit vo menu File.
To cc khon mc trn menu con. - Ta cng c th nhng menu bn trong menu, lc menu c nhng tr thnh menu con. JMenu softwareHelpSubMenu = new JMenu("Software"); helpMenu.add(softwareHelpSubMenu); helpMenu.add(new JMenuItem("About")); softwareHelpSubMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Unix")); softwareHelpSubMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Win2003")); softwareHelpSubMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Linux")); on m ny thm menu softwareHelpSubMenu v khon mc About vo trong helpMenu. Cc khon mc Unix, Win2003 v Linux vo menu softwareHelpSubMenu.
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
10)Biu tng nh, phm tt quy c v phm tng tc. Cc thnh phn JMenu, JMenuItem, JCheckBoxMenuItem, JRadioButtonMenuItem u c phng thc setIcon (Icon icon) v setMnemonic (char c) t biu tng v phm tt quy c cn thit. V d: JMenuItem jmiNew,jmiOpen; fileMenu.add(jmiNew=new JMenuItem("New")); fileMenu.add(jmiOpen=new JMenuItem("Open")); // t biu tng cho khon mc New v Open jmiNew.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/new.gif"))); jmiOpen.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("images/open.gif"))); // t phm tt qui c cho menu File v Help fileMenu.setMnemonic('F'); helpMenu.setMnemonic('H');
- Mun chn menu, nhn ALT v phm tt quy uc. Chng hn, t hp ALT+ F s chn menu File. Ngoi ra ta c th dng phm tng tc cho php chn trc tip khon mc bng cch nhn phm Ctrl v phm tng tc. V d: - To t hp phm Ctrl O thc hin khon mc Open. jmiOpen.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( KeyEvent.VK_O,ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK)); - Phng thc setAccelerator () a ra i tng KeyStroke. - Phng thc lp getKeyStroke () ca lp KeyStroke to phin bn ca c g phm. VK_O l hng biu th phm O, CTRL_MASK l hng cho bit phm Ctrl c phi hp vi phm g.
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
V d: - Chng trnh mu to giao din ngi dng thc hin cc php ton s hc. Giao din cha nhn v trng vn bn cho Number 1, Number 2 v Result. - Trng Result hin th kt qu ca php ton s hc gia Number 1 v Number 2. - Chng trnh c 4 nt Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide - Ngoi ra cn to menu thc hin cng php ton. Ngi dng c th chn php ton t nt hoc t menu.
package chapter04; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class MenuDemo extends JFrame{ private JButton btnAdd,btnSub,btnMul, btnDiv; private JTextField txtNum1,txtNum2,txtResult; private JMenuItem jmiAdd, jmiSub, jmiMul,jmiDiv, jmiClose; private DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat("0.00"); public MenuDemo(){ setTitle("Menu Demo"); // create menu bar JMenuBar jmb= new JMenuBar(); // set menu bar to the frame setJMenuBar(jmb); //add menu "Operation" to menu bar JMenu operMenu = new JMenu("Operation"); operMenu.setMnemonic('O'); jmb.add(operMenu); //add menu items with mnemonics to menu "Operation" operMenu.add(jmiAdd= new JMenuItem("Add",'A')); operMenu.add(jmiSub= new JMenuItem("Subtract",'S')); operMenu.add(jmiMul= new JMenuItem("Multiply",'M')); operMenu.add(jmiDiv= new JMenuItem("Divide",'D')); operMenu.addSeparator(); operMenu.add(jmiClose= new JMenuItem("Close")); //set keyboard accelerators jmiAdd.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( KeyEvent.VK_A,ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK)); jmiSub.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( Trang 81
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha KeyEvent.VK_S,ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK));
jmiMul.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( KeyEvent.VK_M,ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK)); jmiDiv.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( KeyEvent.VK_D,ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK)); Container c = getContentPane(); JPanel p1 = new JPanel(); p1.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); p1.add(new JLabel("Number 1")); p1.add(txtNum1 = new JTextField(3)); p1.add(new JLabel("Number 2")); p1.add(txtNum2 = new JTextField(3)); p1.add(new JLabel("Result")); p1.add(txtResult = new JTextField(4)); txtResult.setEditable(false); JPanel p2= new JPanel(); p2.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); p2.add(btnAdd= new JButton("Add")); p2.add(btnSub= new JButton("Subtract")); p2.add(btnMul= new JButton("Multiply")); p2.add(btnDiv= new JButton("Divide")); c.add(p1,BorderLayout.CENTER); c.add(p2,BorderLayout.SOUTH); //register listener MyActionListener myAction = new MyActionListener(); btnAdd.addActionListener(myAction); btnSub.addActionListener(myAction); btnMul.addActionListener(myAction); btnDiv.addActionListener(myAction); jmiAdd.addActionListener(myAction); jmiSub.addActionListener(myAction); jmiMul.addActionListener(myAction); jmiDiv.addActionListener(myAction); jmiClose.addActionListener(myAction); } class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ String actionCommand = e.getActionCommand(); Trang 82
Lp trnh Java if(e.getSource() instanceof JButton){ if(actionCommand.equals("Add")) calculator('+');
Lp trnh giao din ha
else if(actionCommand.equals("Subtract")) calculator('-'); else if(actionCommand.equals("Multiply")) calculator('*'); else if(actionCommand.equals("Divide")) calculator('/'); } else if(e.getSource() instanceof JMenuItem){ if(actionCommand.equals("Add")) calculator('+'); else if(actionCommand.equals("Subtract")) calculator('-'); else if(actionCommand.equals("Multiply")) calculator('*'); else if(actionCommand.equals("Divide")) calculator('/'); else if(actionCommand.equals("Close")) System.exit(0); } } } private void calculator(char operator){ double num1 = Double.parseDouble(txtNum1.getText()); double num2 = Double.parseDouble(txtNum2.getText()); double result = 0; switch(operator){ case '+': result=num1+num2; break; case '-': result=num1-num2; break; case '*': result=num1*num2; break; case '/': result=num1/num2; break; } Trang 83
Lp trnh Java txtResult.setText(fmt.format(result)); } public static void main(String[] args){ MenuDemo frm = new MenuDemo(); frm.pack();
Lp trnh giao din ha
frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.setVisible(true); } }
Kt xut ca MenuDemo.java 11)JTabbedPane (Khung nhiu tab): - L thnh phn Swing hu ch, cung cp tp hp tab loi tr nhau truy cp nhiu thnh phn. - Ta thng t panel bn trong mt JTabbedPane v phi hp tab vi mi panel. JTabbedPanel rt d s dng, v panel t ng c chn bng cch nhp tab tng ng. Phng thc khi to: public JTabbedPane() - To khung trng c nhiu tab. Mun b sung thnh phn vo JTabbedPane, s dng phng thc: public add(Component component, Object constraints) - Component l thnh phn hin th khi tab c nhp - Contraints c th l tiu ca tab. V d: - Chng trnh dng nhiu khung tab vi 2 tab hin th 2 dng hnh Square (hnh vung), Circle (hnh trn). - Chn hnh cn hin th bng cch nhp tab tng ng.
package chapter04; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class TabbedPaneDemo extends JFrame{ Trang 84
Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh giao din ha
private JTabbedPane jtpFigure = new JTabbedPane(); public TabbedPaneDemo(){ setTitle("TabbedPane Demo"); // add FigurePanel to the tab jtpFigure.add(new FigurePanel( FigurePanel.SQUARE),"Square"); jtpFigure.add(new FigurePanel( FigurePanel.CIRCLE),"Circle"); getContentPane().add(jtpFigure); } class FigurePanel extends JPanel{ final static int SQUARE =1; final static int CIRCLE =2; private int figure=1; public FigurePanel(int fig){ figure =fig; this.setBackground(Color.white); } //drawing a figure on the panel public void paintComponent(Graphics g){ super.paintComponent(g); int width= getSize().width; int height= getSize().height; int side =(int)(0.5*Math.min(width,height)); switch(figure){ case 1: g.drawRect((width-side)/2, (height-side)/2,side,side); break; case 2: g.drawOval((width-side)/2, (height-side)/2,side,side); break; } } } //end inner class public static void main(String args[]){ TabbedPaneDemo frm = new TabbedPaneDemo(); frm.setSize(300,200); frm.setVisible(true); Trang 85
Lp trnh Java } }
Lp trnh giao din ha
Kt xut ca TabbedPaneDemo.java
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Lp trnh Java
X l bit l
Chng 5 X L BIT L
Sau bi hc ny, hc vin c th: - Hiu c bit l v xc nh c cc dng bit l trong lp trnh java. - C kh nng phn tch v x l cc ngoi l. - Hiu c cc phng php x l ngoi l.
I. KHI NIM:
- Bit l (Exception) l li xy ra trong thi gian thc thi chng trnh (runtime error), lm gin on mch iu khin bnh thng. Thng thng cc iu kin thc thi chng trnh gy ra bit l. Nu cc iu kin ny khng c quan tm, th vic thc thi c th kt thc t ngt. - Java cung cp kh nng x l li thi hnh cho cc lp trnh vin. Vi kh nng ny, gi l kh nng x l bit l, ta c th thit k chng trnh n nh v tin cy hn khi thi hnh. Gim thiu vic kt thc bt thng ca h thng v ca chng trnh.
II. CC DNG BIT L:

Cc bit l thng gp: - ArithmeticException: li do tnh ton, thng l chia cho 0. - ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: li do truy xut ch s cc phn t ca mng. - NullPointerException: li do tham chiu i tng c gi tr null. - ClassNotFoundException: li do khng tm thy lp. - NumberFormatException: Li khi chuyn i kiu. - IOException: li nhp xut. - FileNotFoundException: li truy cp tin tin khng tn ti. - InterruptedException: Li lin quan n tr hon tuyn trnh. - SQLException: li khi thc thi cu lnh SQL vi c s d liu. Tt c cc bit l ca Java u l dn xut t lp Exception. Trong lp Exception c 3 phng thc rt thng dng cho ta bit c thng tin chi tit ca tng bit l: public String getMessage() - Nhn v mt chui l thng tin chi tit ca bit l. public String toString() - Chuyn i tng thnh chui c th in ra mn hnh. public void printStackTrace() - Trnh by h thng vic gi cc phng thc cho php d tm bit l.
III. X L BIT L:
x l bit l, ta c th s dng 2 phng php: - Bt bit l. - Nm bit l.
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Lp trnh Java
X l bit l
1) Bt bit l: C php: try{ // Cc lnh c kh nng xy ra bit dch } catch(ExceptionType1 param1){ // on lnh x l tng ng vi bit l xy ra } catch(ExceptionType2 param2){ // on lnh x l tng ng vi bit l xy ra } ... catch(ExceptionTypeN paramN){ // Exception Block } finally{ // on lnh lun thc hin bt k bit l c xy ra hay khng. } Cch thc hin ca khi try-catch: - Nu khng c bit l no xy ra trong sut qu trnh thc thi mnh try, cc mnh catch s c b qua. - Trng hp mt trong cc cu lnh bn trong khi try nm ra mt bit l, Java s b qua cc cu lnh cn li v bt u tm kim phng thc x l bit l . Nu kiu bit l so khp vi bit l lit k trong mnh catch, m trong mnh catch s c thc thi. Nu khng tm thy phng thc x l, chng trnh s chm dt v in ra thng ip bo li trn console. Khi finally: - L ty chn khng bt buc - c t sau khi catch. - Khi finally bo m lc no cng c thc hin bt chp bit l c xy ra hay khng. S hot ng:
try block No Exception finally block Exception occurs catch block
finally block
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Lp trnh Java
X l bit l
V d: - Chng trnh sau thc hin php ton chia x cho y. Bit l s xy ra khi y=0. Chng trnh khng quan tm ti bit l. public class TestException{ public static void main(String args[]){ int x=5,y=0; int } } z=x/y; System.out.println(z= + z);
Kt qu ca TestException. Java - Chng trnh sau thc hin php ton chia x cho y. Bit l s xy ra khi y=0. Chng trnh c quan tm ti bit l v bt ngoi l nu n xy ra. public class TestException{ public static void main(String args[]){ int x=5,y=0; try{ int } catch(Exception ex){ System.out.println("Error:"+ ex.toString()); } } } z=x/y; System.out.println("z=" + z);
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Lp trnh Java
X l bit l
Kt qu ca TestException. Java 2) Nm bit l: C php:

[modifier] <returnType> <methodName>([params]) throws ExceptionName{ // method body }
V d: class ThrowsDemo{ public static void main(String args[]){ a(); } public static void a(){ try{ b(); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void b() throws ClassNotFoundException{ c(); } public static void c() throws ClassNotFoundException{ Class cls = Class.forName("java.lang.Integer"); System.out.println(cls.getName()); System.out.println(cls.isInterface()); } }
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Lp trnh Java
X l bit l
Kt qu ca ThrowsDemo.java
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Lp trnh Java
X l lung tp tin
Chng 6 X L LUNG V TP TIN

Sau bi hc ny, hc vin c th: - S dng lp File qun l tp tin v th mc trn h thng. - Hiu v s dng lung nhp xut (I/O) d liu dng byte v dng k t.
I. LP FILE V CCH S DNG:

Lp java.io.File gip bit c chi tit v tp tin, ngy gi tp tin c to ra, kch thc ca tp tin, v tr lu trn a... Ta cng c th dng lp File to th mc, i tn, xa tp tin... to i tng File tham chiu n tp tin hay th mc trn h thng, ta dng phng thc khi to: public public V d: File file1 = new File("data.txt"); File file2 = new File("c:/java"); ly c ng dn th mc lm vic hin hnh, ta dng lnh: System.getProperty("user.dir"); Mt s phng thc thng dng trn File public boolean isFile() - Tr v true nu i tng l tp tin. public boolean isDirectory() - Tr v true nu i tng l th mc. public boolean exists() - Tr v true nu i tng file tn ti. public long length() - Tr v kch thc ca tp tin. public String[] list() - Nu i tng l File l th mc, phng thc tr v mng String ca tt c cc tp tin v th mc cha trong th mc, ngc li, tr v null. public boolean mkdir() - To th mc con public boolean delete() - Xa th mc, tr v true nu thnh cng.
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File(String pathName) File(String parent, String child)
Lp trnh Java
X l lung tp tin
V d: - Chng trnh mu sau lit k tp tin v th mc cha trong th mc lm vic hin hnh. import java.io.*; public class DirListing{ public static void main(String args[]){ File dir = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")); if(dir.isDirectory()){ System.out.println("Directory of " + dir); String listing[] = dir.list(); for(int i=0;i<listing.length;i++) System.out.println("\t" +listing[i]); } } }
Kt xut ca DirListing. java
II. LUNG (STREAM):

1) Khi nim: - Trong Java, mi I/O u c x l theo lung. Lung (stream) l khi nim v mt lung lu chuyn d liu mt chiu lin tc. - Hy hnh dung mt b bi c cc ng nc thng vi b khc. Xem nc trong b bi u l d liu, cn nc b bi kia l chng trnh. Lu lng nc chy qua ng c gi l lung. Nu mun nhp, ch cn m van nc chy ra khi b d liu vo b chng trnh. Mun xut, m van nc chy khi b chng trnh vo b d liu. - Khi th vin java.io cung cp cc lung nhp xut khc nhau phc v cho kh nng c v ghi d liu. Lung nhp xut khng nhng c kt ni vi tp tin m cn
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Lp trnh Java
X l lung tp tin
c dng trong vic kt ni mng, hay cc vng m ca b nh my tnh gip cho vic truy xut c nhanh.
Input Stream
Program
Output Stream
File
Chng trnh nhn d liu qua lung nhp v gi d liu qua lung xut C th xp lp lung vo hai loi: lung byte (byte stream) v lung k t (character stream). - Mi quan h phn cp ca lung byte thng dng:
FileInputStream DataInputStream InputStream FilterInputStream BufferedInputStream ObjectInputStream Object FileOutputStream DataOutputStream OutputStream FilterOutputStream BufferedOutputStream ObjectOutputStream
- Mi quan h phn cp ca lung k t thng dng:

InputStreamReader Reader BufferedReader Object Writer LineNumberReader FileReader
OutputStreamWriter BufferedWriter PrintWriter
FileWriter
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Lp trnh Java
X l lung tp tin
2) Lung nhp xut c bn: a) Lp InputStream v lp Reader: - Lp tru tng InputStream v Reader, m rng Object, ln lt l lp gc (cha) ca mi lung nhp byte v k t. - Hai lp ny v lp con ca chng rt ging nhau, ngoi tr lp InputStream dng byte lm n v thng tin c bn, cn Reader s dng k t. Mt s phng thc thng dng trong InputStream: public int read() throws IOException - c byte tip theo v tr v gi tr ca n. Gi tr ca byte c tr v dng int, cui lung phng thc tr v -1. public int read(byte b[]) throws IOException - c cc byte b.length thnh mng b, gi tr tr v l s byte c c tht s. Cui lung tr v -1. public void close() throws IOException - ng lung nhp. public int available() throws IOException - Tr v s byte cn li trong lung. public long skip(long n) throws IOException B qua v loi b n byte d liu khi lung nhp ny. S byte tht s b b qua s c tr v. Lp Reader cha tt c phng thc va lit k, ngoi tr avalible (). b) Lp OutputStream v lp Writer: - C hai OutputStream v Writer ln lt l lp gc (cha) ca tt c lung xut byte v k t. Mt s phng thc thng dng trong OuputStream ln Writer: public void write(int b) throws IOException - Ghi mt byte (i vi OutputStream) hay mt k t (vi Writer) public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException - Ghi mi byte trong mng b sang lung xut (OutputStream) hoc mi k t trong mng k t (Writer) public void close() throws IOException - ng lung nhp. public void flush() throws IOException - Dn lung xut (c ngha gi d liu lu tm trong lung xut n ch ca n).
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Lp trnh Java
X l lung tp tin
3) X l tp tin ngoi tr: Phi dng lung tp tin c hoc ghi vo tp tin a. Ta c th s dng: - FileInputStream hay FileOutputStream cho lung byte - FileReader hay FileWriter cho lung k t. Phng thc khi to sau: public public public public V d: FileInputStream infile = new FileInputStream ("c:\data\in.dat"); FileOutStream outfile = new FileOutStream ("c:\data\out.dat"); Ta cng c th s dng i tng tp tin to lung tp tin nh cu lnh sau: FileInputStream infile = new FileInputStream(new File ("c:\data\in.dat")); V d: - Chng trnh minh ha s dng FileInputStream v FileOutputStream sao chp tp tin. - Ngi dng cn cung cp mt tp tin ngun v tp tin ch lm i s dng lnh.
import java.io.*; public class CopyFile { public static void main (String args[]){ FileInputStream fis=null; FileOutputStream fos=null; if(args.length!=2){ System.out.println("Syntax is: java CopyFile sourcefile destfile"); System.exit (0); } try{ fis = new FileInputStream (args[0]); File outFile = new File (args[1]); if(outFile.exists()){ System.out.println("File " + args[1] + " already exists"); Trang 96
FileInputStream (String fileNameString) FileOutputStream (String fileNameString) FileReader (String fileNameString) FileWrite (String fileNameString)
Lp trnh Java return ; } else fos = new FileOutputStream(outFile); // Display the file size
X l lung tp tin
System.out.println("The file " + args[0] + " has " + fis.available() + " bytes"); int r; while((r=fis.read())!=-1) fos.write((byte)r); } catch(FileNotFoundException ex){ System.out.println("File not found " + args[0]); } catch(IOException ex){ System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); } finally{ try{ if(fis!=null) fis.close(); if(fos!=null) fos.close(); } catch(IOException ex){ System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); } } } }
Kt qu ca CopyFile.java
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Lp trnh Java
X l lung tp tin
4) Lung lc: - Lung lc (filter stream) c nh ngha l lung lc cc byte hay k t nhm mc ch no . Lung nhp c bn cung cp phng thc c vn ch c th dng c byte hay k t. - Nu mun c s nguyn, s kp, chui, ta c th s dng lp lc bao bc mt lung nhp. Dng lp lc cho pho c s nguyn, s thc v chui thay v c byte v k t. Mt s lung lc thng dng:
Tn lp DataInputStream BufferedInputStream DataOutputStream BufferedOutputStream Cch dng lp X l dng thc nh phn cho mi loi d liu s cp Ly d liu t vng m v c d liu t lung, nu cn. Xut dng thc nh phn ca mi loi d liu s cp, vn rt hu ch nu chng trnh khc s dng u xut ny Xut sang vng m trc,sau sang lung, nu cn. Ta c th gi phng thc flush() ghi d liu vng m vo lung
5) Lung d liu: Lung d liu (DataInputStream v DataOutputStream) c v ghi dng d liu s cp. Phng thc khi to sau: public DataInputStream(InputStream instream) public DataOutputStream(OutputStream outstream) V d: DataInputStream infile = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(in.dat)); DataOutputStream outfile = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(out.dat)); Mt s phng thc thng dng: pubic int readByte() throws IOException pubic int readInt() throws IOException pubic long readLong() throws IOException pubic double readDouble() throws IOException pubic String readLine() throws IOException pubic void writeByte(byte b) throws IOException pubic void writeInt(int i) throws IOException pubic void writeLong(long l) throws IOException pubic void writeDouble(byte d) throws IOException
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X l lung tp tin
pubic void writeChars(String s) throws IOException V d: - Chng trnh minh ha to 10 s nguyn ngu nhin, lu chng vo tp tin d liu, truy xut d liu t tp tin v hin th s nguyn trn console. import java.io.*; public class TestDataStream{ public static void main (String args[]){ DataInputStream dis=null; DataOutputStream dos=null; // write data to file try{ dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream( "mytemp.dat")); for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ dos.writeInt((int)(Math.random()*100)); } } catch(IOException ex){ System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); } finally{ try{ if(dos!=null) dos.close(); } catch(Exception ex){ } } // read data from file try{ dis = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream( "mytemp.dat")); for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ System.out.print(" " + dis.readInt()); }
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X l lung tp tin
} catch(FileNotFoundException ex){ System.out.println("File not found"); } catch(IOException ex){ System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); } finally{ try{ if(dis!=null) dis.close(); } catch(Exception ex){ } } } }
Kt xut ca TestDataStream.java 6) Lung in n (PrintWriter): - V lung xut d liu hin th d liu dng nh phn, nn ta khng th xem ni dung ca n dng vn bn (Xem kt qu ca v d mc trc). - Trong Java, c th dng lung in n (print stream) xut d liu vo tp tin c xem dng vn bn. Phng thc khi to sau: public PrintWriter(Writer out) public PrintWriter(Writer out, boolean autoFlush) Mt s phng thc thng dng: pubic void print(Object o) throws IOException pubic void print(String s) throws IOException
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X l lung tp tin
pubic void print(int i) throws IOException pubic void print(long l) throws IOException pubic void print(double d) throws IOException pubic void print(boolean b) throws IOException - Ta c th thay th print bng println. Phng thc println() c chc nng in d liu, theo sau l mt dng mi. V d: - Chng trnh minh ha to 10 s ngu nhin v lu chng vo tp tin d liu vn bn mydata.dat. C th xem tp tin ny trn console bng lnh type trn Windows hay cat trn Linux. import java.io.*; public class TestPrintWriter{ public static void main(String args[]){ PrintWriter pw=null; // write data to file try{ pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream( "mydata.dat"),true); for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ pw.print( " " + (int)(Math.random ()*100)); } } catch(IOException ex){ System.out.println(ex.getMessage ()); } finally{ try{ if(pw!=null) pw.close (); } catch(Exception ex){ } } } }
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X l lung tp tin
Kt xut ca TestPrintWriter.java 7) Lung m: - Java tng tc nhp / xut da vo cc lung m (buffered stream), gim bt s ln c v ghi. - Dng lung m gip ta c th c / ghi mi ln mt khi byte hay k t thay v c tng byte hoc tng k t. Cc lp lung m trong java: - BufferedInputStream - BufferedOutputStream - BufferedReader - BufferedWriter Cc phng thc khi to lung m: public BufferedInputStream(InputStream in) public BufferedOutputStream(OutputSream out) public BufferedReader(Reader out) public BufferedWriter(Writer out) - Lp lung m tha k phng thc cc lp cha. Ngoi vic s dng phng thc t lp cha, BufferedReader cn c phng thc readLine () chu trch nhim c ni dung. V d: - Chng trnh mu minh ha xem tp tin trong vng vn bn. Khi ngi dng g tn tp tin vo trng vn bn v nhp nt View, tp tin s hin th trong vng vn bn. import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.*; public class ViewFile extends JFrame implements ActionListener{ private JTextArea private JButton contentView; private JTextField txtInput; btnView;
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X l lung tp tin
public ViewFile(){ setTitle ("View File"); JPanel p = new JPanel(); p.setLayout (new FlowLayout (FlowLayout.LEFT)); p.add (new JLabel ("File name")); p.add (txtInput= new JTextField (20)); p.add(btnView = new JButton("View")); //register listener btnView.addActionListener(this); contentView = new JTextArea(20,30); JScrollPane pane = new JScrollPane(contentView); getContentPane().add(pane,BorderLayout.CENTER); getContentPane().add(p,BorderLayout.NORTH); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ if(e.getSource()== btnView) showFile(); } public void showFile(){ BufferedReader inFile=null; String filename = txtInput.getText().trim(); String inLine; try{ inFile = new BufferedReader(new FileReader( filename)); boolean firstLine=true; while((inLine=inFile.readLine())!=null){ if(firstLine){ firstLine=false; contentView.append(inLine); } else contentView.append("\n" + inLine); } }
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X l lung tp tin
catch(Exception ex){ System.out.println(ex.toString()); } finally{ try{ if(inFile!=null) inFile.close(); } catch(Exception ex){ } } } public static void main(String args[]){ ViewFile frm = new ViewFile(); JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.pack (); frm.setVisible (true); } } frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(
Kt xut ca ViewFile. java 8) Lp StreamTonkenizer: - phn tch c php v t dng mt cch mnh m v hiu qu hn ta cn s dng lp StreamTokenizer.
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X l lung tp tin
- Lp StreamTokenizer c kh nng nhn dng ra cc token trn lung. Nu hnh dung tp hp mt chui cc k t lm nn mt cu th token chnh l tng t, tng du chm cu hay con s. Phng thc khi to sau: public StreamTokenizer(InputStream in) Mt s phng thc thng dng: pubic int nextToken () throws IOException - Ly ra tng token, phng thc tr v mt trong nhng gi tr sau: StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD: token c c l mt t StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER: token c c l mt s StreamTokenizer.TT_EOL: c n cui dng StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF: c n cui lung. Lp StreamTokenizer c 2 thuc tnh: public String sval - Ly v gi tr ca token nu token c c l TT_WORD public double nval - Ly v gi tr ca token nu token c c l TT_NUMBER
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Lp trnh Java
Lp trnh CSDL vi JDBC
Chng 7 A TUYN TRNH

Sau bi hc ny, hc vin c th: - Hiu c khi nim v tuyn v c ch lp trnh a tuyn - To c tuyn trong chng trnh. - X l c ch ng b (synchronized) gia cc tuyn trnh.
I. Khi nim:
1) Tuyn (Thread): L n v nh nht ca on m c th thi hnh c thc hin mt cng vic ring bit no . Nhng chng trnh trc y u chy mt tuyn; ngha l vo thi im xc nh ch c mt cu lnh c thc thi. 2) a tuyn (MultiThread): - L kh nng lm vic vi nhiu tuyn - a tuyn chuyn s dng cho vic thc thi nhiu cng vic ng thi - a tuyn gim thi gian ri ca h thng n mc thp nht v tng hiu sut thi hnh ca chng trnh. Tuyn c th c to ra bng 2 cch: - Dn xut t lp Thread - ng dng giao din Runnable. Chu k sng ca tuyn:
Dead
Sleep,wait,I/O New Ready Running Waiting
II. PHNG PHP XY DNG TUYN:

1) To tuyn bng cch dn xut lp Thread: - Lp Thread cha phng thc to dng Thread() cng nh nhiu phng thc hu ch c chc nng chy, khi ng, tm ngng, tip tc, gin on v ngng tuyn. - to 1 tuyn ta c th nh ngha 1 lp k tha t lp Thread v phi nh ngha li phng thc run() thng bo cho h thng bit cch thc thi tuyn khi n vn hnh.
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Cu trc to 1 tuyn: class ThreadX extends Thread{ public void run(){ // ci t cng vic ca tuyn } ... } Thi hnh tuyn: ThreadX tx = new ThreadX(); tx.start(); Mt s phng thc thng dng trong lp tuyn: public void run() - Phng thc c h thng gi thc thi cng vic ca tuyn, ta phi ginh quyn phng thc ny v cung cp m cho tuyn thi hnh. - Phng thc run() khng c gi trc tip t i tng Thread. public void start() - Khi ng tuyn, qua lm cho phng thc run() cng c kch hot. public static void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException - t tuyn vo trng thi ng trong khong thi gian xc nh bng mili giy. public void stop() - C chc nng ngng tuyn. public void join() throws InterrupteException - Ch i tuyn ny cht i. public void setPriority(int p) - n nh quyn u tin p(xp t 1 n 10) cho tuyn ny. V d: - Chng trnh ny to v chy 2 tuyn sau: Tuyn th nht in cc s nguyn t 1 n 10. Tuyn th hai in ch A 10 ln. package chapter07; class PrintNum extends Thread{ public void run(){ for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){ System.out.print(" " + i); try{
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Lp trnh Java
Thread.sleep(300); }catch(Exception ex){} } } } class PrintChar extends Thread{ public void run(){ for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){ System.out.print(" A "); try{ Thread.sleep(300); } catch(Exception ex){ } } } } public class TestThread{ public static void main(String args[]){ PrintNum t1= new PrintNum(); PrintChar t2= new PrintChar(); t1.start(); t2.start(); try{ t1.join(); t2.join(); } catch(Exception ex){ } System.out.println("\n Both thread is deaded"); } }
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Kt qu ca TestThread.java 2) To tuyn bng cch ng dng giao din Runable: - phn trc, ta to v chy tuyn thi hnh bng cch khai bo mt lp tuyn m rng lp Thread. Phng thc ny s c hiu lc nu lp tuyn ch k tha t lp Thread, nhng s v dng khi lp tuyn tha k nhiu lp. tha k nhiu lp, ta phi ng dng giao din.Java cung cp giao din Runnable thay th lp Thread. Cu trc nh ngha 1 tuyn: class RunnableY implements Runnable { public void run(){ // process Threads } ... } Thi hnh tuyn: RunnableY ry = new RunnableY(); Thread ty = new Thread(ry); tx.start(); V d: - Chng trnh mu nh ngha mt tuyn hin th thi gian (hh:mm:ss) trong mt panel. - Tp tin ClockPanel.java package chapter07; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.border.*; public class ClockPanel extends JPanel implements Runnable{ private JTextField txtDisplay; private Thread t;
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Lp trnh Java
public ClockPanel(){ add(new JLabel("Time is")); add(txtDisplay= new JTextField(20)); setBorder(new TitledBorder(new EtchedBorder(),"Clock")); } public void run(){ String msg=""; while(true){ Date today = new Date(); msg = today.getHours() + ":" + today.getMinutes()+":" + today.getSeconds(); txtDisplay.setText(msg); try{ Thread.sleep(1000); }catch(Exception ex){ } } } } // TestClock.java package chapter07; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.border.*; public class TestClock extends JFrame implements ActionListener{ JButton btnStart,btnStop; ClockPanel p1 = new ClockPanel(); Thread t; public TestClock(){ setTitle("Test clock"); getContentPane().add(p1,BorderLayout.NORTH); JPanel p2 = new JPanel();
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Lp trnh Java
p2.add(btnStart = new JButton("Start")); p2.add(btnStop = new JButton("Stop")); getContentPane().add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER); btnStart.addActionListener(this); btnStop.addActionListener(this); btnStop.setEnabled(false); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ if(e.getSource()==btnStart){ start(); btnStart.setEnabled(false); btnStop.setEnabled(true); } else if(e.getSource()==btnStop){ stop(); btnStart.setEnabled(true); btnStop.setEnabled(false); } } public void start(){ t = new Thread(p1); t.start(); } public void stop(){ if(t!=null){ t.stop(); } } public static void main(String args[]){ TestClock frm =new TestClock(); frm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frm.pack(); frm.setVisible(true); }
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Lp trnh Java
Kt qu ca TestClock.java
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Lp trnh Java

Tng quan v Java

Tai lieu hoc tap:

Gio vin bin son: Nguyn Tn Thnh

Tng quan v Java

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V JAVA

I. LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN JAVA:

II. C IM NGN NG JAVA:

Tng quan v Java

III. KIN TRC JAVA (JAVA PLATFORM) CC CNG NGH HIN C:

Tng quan v Java

IV. CI T V S DNG JDK:

Tng quan v Java

- Click OK. 2) Cu trc th mc ca trnh bin dch JDK

Tng quan v Java

d) Jdb: - Dng debug chng trnh Java.

V. CC KIU CHNG TRNH JAVA:

VI. CHNG TRNH JAVA U TIN:

Tng quan v Java

Bin dch tp tin ngun

Tng quan v Java

- Bc 3: Chy chng trnh. Dng lnh java chy chng trnh.

To tp tin WelcomeApplet.html (dng nhng applet)

- Bc 2: Bin dch tp tin ngun thnh tp tin .class.

Tng quan v Java

- Bc 3: Chy chng trnh:

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Chng 2 CU TRC LP TRNH C BN TRONG JAVA

I. CU TRC CHUNG CA 1 CHNG TRNH JAVA:

2) Cu ch thch (comment): - Ch thch 1 dng:

- Ch thch trn nhiu dng:

- Ch thch dng ti liu:

II. KIU D LIU:

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

int short long byte float double

4 bytes 2 bytes 8 bytes 1 byte 4 bytes 8 bytes

III. BIN V HNG TRONG JAVA:

Khai bo nhiu bin:

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

V d: final int MAX=100; //khai bo hng MAX c gi tr 100.

IV. CC PHP TON TRONG JAVA:

Php ton lun l && || ?

ngha V Hay iu kin

Php ton khc = (;) [;]

ngha Gn Thay i u tin Truy xut phn t ca mng

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

V. NHP XUT TRONG JAVA:

b) Cc phng thc c d liu:

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

VI. CU TRC IU KHIN:

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

lnh 1; break; lnh 2; break; lnh n;

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Kt qu ca chng trnh DateTest

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java

Cu trc lp trnh c bn trong Java