Phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun-"Hnh ng nh - ngha ln" Thnh ph H Ch Minh l trung tm kinh t, thng mi, du lch v cng

g nghip ln nht nc ta. Vi tc pht trin kinh t nhanh, qu trnh th ha din ra mnh m, nhu cu khai thc v tiu dng ti nguyn thin nhin ca con ngi cng khng ngng tng ln, lm ny sinh hng lat cc vn mi trng, mt trong s l vn cht thi rn. C th ni rng, hin nay, cht thi rn l mt trong nhng vn ang c quan tm nht nhng nc pht trin cng nh ang pht trin, trong c Vit Nam. c bit, s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc k thut ngy cng p ng v nng cao i sng ca con ngi, ng thi cng y nhanh tc th ha. y cng l nguyn nhn chnh lm sn sinh ngy cng nhiu cht thi, ko theo l vic gii quyt hng nghn tn cht thi rn mi ngy. Hin nay, mi ngy thnh ph H Ch Minh thi ra khong 6.000 - 6.500 tn cht thi rn th. Phn ln (75-80%) cht thi rn th (5.900-6.200 tn/ngy) u c thu gom, vn chuyn v x l ti bi chn lp G Ct - Bnh Chnh v bi chn lp Phc Hip (thuc khu lin hp x l cht thi rn Ty Bc (880ha) - C Chi, vi cng ngh duy nht l chn lp v sinh. C hai bi chn lp ny, mc d c u t rt ln vi cng ngh kh hin i, nhng vn gy nhim n mi trng do nc r rc v kh bi chn lp (k c mi). c bit cng ngh chn lp v sinh chim t rt ln, mi nm vi khi lng cht thi rn th khong 5.900-6.200 tn/ngy thnh ph H Ch Minh cn 9 12ha t chn lp v din tch ny s kh c th s dng vo mc ch khc trong thi gian di (30-50 nm), khng nhng th, chng cn cn c bo tr v gim st vi kinh ph hng nm (20-25 nm sau khi ng bi) kh ln.

Do bin cht thi rn thnh nhng ngun li cho thnh ph H Ch Minh, y ban nhn dn thnh ph c ch trng thc hin phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun. Chng trnh phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun c trin khai th im ti cc qun 1, 4, 5, 6, 10 v huyn C Chi t lm tin nhn rng cho cc qun huyn trn ton a bn thnh ph. Bc u chng trnh phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun ch mong mun tch ring cht thi rn sinh hot ti thnh ph thnh 2 loi cht thi rn thc phm v cht thi cn li. Tuy nhin v sau c th s khuyn khch phn loi cht thi rn th thnh 3, 4, 5 loi nh cc nc tin tin. khuyn khch ngi dn tham gia thc hin phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun, thnh ph s h tr chng trnh bng cch trang b cho mi h gia nh l 2 thng rc km vi cc ti cha rc (2 ti/ngy) v cho trng hc l cc thng 240L

trong thi gian 6 thng. Thng mu xanh cha cht thi rn thc phm d tha (bao gm c rc vn v xc sc vt, cng trng) v thng mu xm cha cc cht thi cn li c kh nng ti ch. i vi cc ngun thi khc thnh ph cn ang xem xt u t. Cht thi rn thc phm sau khi phn loi s c thu gom v vn chuyn ring bit n cc nh my lm ngun nguyn liu sch t cht thi thc phm d tha ch bin phn compost v sn xut phn hu c. Cht thi rn cn li cng c thu gom v vn chuyn ring n cc nh my ti sinh ti ch nhm tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin. Ngoi ra nhng li ch khc t chng trnh phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun l gim chi ph x l cht thi rn, gim din tch bi chn lp gp phn lm gim nhim mi trng t cc bi chn lp do nc r cht thi rn v kh t bi chn lp ng thi gp phn lm sch thnh ph.

Hin nay, thnh ph ang trin khai th im chng trnh phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun trn a bn qun 6. Cng tc trin khai theo trnh t nh sau: Bc 1: Phng thng k chnh xc cc s liu trn a bn phng Bc 2: Chun b nhn s lm lc lng nng ct phc v cng tc tuyn truyn v vn ng (T trng t dn ph, Hi ph n, lc lng on Thanh nin phng v lc lng tnh nguyn ti phng). Bc 3: Tp hun, tuyn truyn v hng dn thc hin - t 1: cc chuyn vin s tuyn truyn v hng dn cho lc lng nng ct; - t 2: lc lng nng ct s tuyn truyn v hng dn cho h dn theo tng t dn ph; - t 3: lc lng nng ct s hng dn trc tip ti tng h dn; - Pht thanh h thng loa ca phng - Tp hun cho lc lng rc dn lp v k bin bn ng thun vi chng trnh Bc 4: Cung cp trang thit b

Bc 5: Tun l ra qun ti tng phng Bc 6: Thc hin qui trnh kim tra cc i tng Bc 7: c kt kinh nghim

Thng qua cc chng trnh h tr tp hun, tuyn truyn v gim st thc t qu trnh thc hin th im phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun ti phng 8 qun 6 va qua, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng nhn thy c mt s vn kh khn khi trin khai chng trnh n h dn. Sau khi hng dn v kim tra t 1 ti khu ph 1 v 2, phng 8, qun 6, trong 822 h dn c 45% h dn phn loi ng, 25% phn loi sai v 30% h dn khng thc hin phn loi. Kt qu kim tra t 2 ti khu ph 4, phng 8, qun 6 cho thy trong 226 h dn th c 44% phn loi ng, 30% phn loi sai v 26% khng thc hin phn loi. Kt qu cho thy mc ng h ca ngi dn i vi chng trnh rt cao. Tuy nhin do bc u cha quen v thc mi trng cn thp nn mt s h dn vn cha tham gia chng trnh. L do cc h dn khng thc hin phn loi l nh ca cht chi, mt thi gian, phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun khng kh thi v ngi thu gom rc dn lp khng c thc tch ring 2 loi khi thu gom thm ch cn trn chung li, Mt s l do khc khin cho ngi dn phn loi sai l thng rc cung cp cho h dn trong t th im va qua qu b nn y thng ny ngi dn rc sang thng kia hoc l do ngi dn tham gia tp hun khng hng dn li cho cc thnh vin trong gia nh, Nhn chung a s ngi dn khng thc hin phn loi khi c hi u nhn thc rt r v ni dung chng trnh nhng vn khng thc hin v mt trong nhng l do l h cha sn sng thc hin, cha thc hin ng lot th h cha phn loi.

T cc vn kh khn khi trin khai thc t ti phng 8, qun 6, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng nhn thy chng trnh ny hiu qu v tng bc hon thin th cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc v nng cao nhn thc cng ng rt quan trng, cng tc ny phi c thc hin thng xuyn cho n khi mi ngi dn thnh ph thm nhun thc bo v mi trng. Bn cnh qun l v trin khai thc hin hiu qu d n phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun trn a bn 6 Qun

huyn th im ni ring v ca ton thnh ph trong tng lai ni chung, thnh ph nht thit cn phi c mt khung th ch chnh sch bao gm tt c nhng qui nh, hng dn v ch o thc hin ton b cc cng tc lin quan n chng trnh.

thay i mt thi quen v thc ca mt th h chng ta cn rt nhiu thi gian, nhng mt thi gian chng ta cng vn phi lm v chnh l hnh ng bo v chnh chng ta. Thng qua mt hnh ng rt nh ca mi ngi dn l phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun hay ni mt cc n gin l ti nh, chng ta s mang li nhiu li ch ln cho thnh ph v cng t mi ngi sng trong thnh ph s c hng th mt mi trng xanh - sch - p.

T bao lu nay, nhu cu x l cht thi rn trong sinh hot trn a bn TPHCM hu nh lun trong tnh trng cng thng, bc xc. Thng k ca ngnh chc nng cho thy, khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot c thu gom v x l trn a bn TP c lin tc gia tng trong nhiu nm gn y. T bao lu nay, nhu cu x l cht thi rn trong sinh hot trn a bn TPHCM hu nh lun trong tnh trng cng thng, bc xc. Thng k ca ngnh chc nng cho thy, khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot c thu gom v x l trn a bn TP c lin tc gia tng trong nhiu nm gn y. Nu nh nm 2006, khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot thu gom c hn 1,8 triu tn/nm (tng 8,6% so vi cng k nm 2005) th nm 2007 li tip tc tng mc 3,2%. Nm 2008, tng khong trn di 4%. Nm 2009 cha c thng k chnh thc nhng ch ring lng rc thu gom trong 4 thng u nm, hn 710.000 tn, tc l gn bng 50% ca nm 2006. S Ti nguyn v Mi trng TP d bo qua nm sau, lng rc thi sinh hot trn ton a bn s ngng 7.000-7.500 tn/ngy m v t tip ct mc trn di 16.000 tn/ngy m trong giai on 10 nm tip theo. Th m t trc n nay, ch yu v ph bin gii php x l rc sinh hot ti TP l chn lp. Nhng nhc im ln nht ca gii php chn lp rc r nh ban ngy, l chim dng qu t qu ln; nc r rc gy nhim t, ngun nc bn di n; nhim khng kh chung quanh; khng tn dng c cc ngun li kinh t, v khng c ti ch u thng 11 qua, B mn My v Thit b, Khoa K thut Ha ca Trng H Bch khoa TPHCM pht trin thnh cng mt dy chuyn cng ngh tng hp, lin hon, chuyn x l rc thi rn sinh hot. K s Trn Hng Dng ca B mn My v Thit b ch nhim cng trnh nghin cu, khng nh mt trong nhng u im ln nht ca dy chuyn x l ny l c kh nng phn loi rc thi rn trc khi x l, ti ch thnh cc sn phm hu ch trong i sng. Trong thc t, cc nh my ti ch rc t trc n gi u gp kh khn do khng th t ng phn loi c rc thi. n gin l v cht thi rn sinh hot TPHCM ni ring, trn c nc ni chung l hn hp gia cc loi rc hu c nh rau-c-qu, vi vn, da, g cho n rc v c nh thy tinh, x bn, kim loi Trong khi , a phn ngi dn TP khng quen vi vic t phn loi rc ngay ti nh mnh trc khi a ra cho ngnh v sinh em i . Dy chuyn cng ngh ca chng ti gii quyt c im gt mc ny - K s Dng nhn mnh. Theo , phn loi rc, cng ngh mi s dng bin php thy lc kt hp kh ng v k c chn bng tay. V nguyn tc, bng phng php thy lc v kh ng, cc loi rc hu c s ni ln, trong khi rc v c nng hn s chm. Khng ch c o ch bit t phn loi,

dy chuyn cng ngh mi ny cn tn dng hu ht cc loi rc thi rn ti ch. Chng hn, theo cng b ca nhm nghin cu, cc loi rc rau-c-qu sau khi qua quy trnh x l s c ti ch thnh phn vi sinh, rc nylon v cao su th c ti ch thnh xng du, rc giy ch bin li thnh bt giy, x bn thnh gch block, thy tinh v kim loi c em bn cho cc c s chuyn dng