Phan Phoi Chi BP-T-F

- 94 -
PHN PHI V PHP KIM KHI BNH PHNG

12.1 Phn phi khi bnh phng (_
2
):
Nu X
i
l bin ngu nhin c phn phi chun tc X
i
~ N (0,1) v gi:
=
=
v
1 i
2
i
X Q

th Q tun theo lut phn phi khi bnh phng (_
2
) vi bc t do v v c vit l:
~
2

S 12.1 Phn phi _
2
vi bc t do v=4 v v=10.
Phn phi (_
2
) c cc c im:
Trung bnh ca phn phi chnh l bc t do v ( =v).
Phng sai bng 2 ln bc t do:
2
= 2v
y c tr cc i (mode) khi x
2
= v-2 (vi v 2).
Khi bc t do v tng, ng cong khi bnh phng tin dn thnh ng
cong chun.
Nh vy phn phi _
2
ch c 1 thng s l bc t do v

Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 95 -

V d: df=4, tr trung bnh l 4, phng sai l 8, tr cc i l 2
df=10, tr trung bnh l 10, phng sai l 20, tr cc i l 8
12.2 S dng php kim _
2
Thng c dng kim nh cc bin nh tnh.
12.2.1 Kim nh s xc hp (Goodness of fit) ca 1 tn s quan st trn mu, so
snh vi tn s l thuyt.
Vi d: Tn s l thuyt (hay tn s mong i) sinh trai hoc gi l 50%. Quan st
mt mu: S tr em sinh ti khoa Sn trong 1 tun l gm 110 tr trai v 90 tr gi
(tn s quan st). Nh vy c th kt lun hin nay c khuynh hng sinh trai nhiu
hn gi?
Gi thuyt H
0
: tn s quan st=tn s l thuyt
Gi thuyt Ha: C khc bit

_
2
=
(TS quan stTS mong i)
2
TS mong i

Tnh _
2
: _
2
=
( ) ( )
2
100
100 90 100 110
2 2
=
+

Xem bng X vi df=1, gi tr ti hn vi o=0,05 (bng ph lc) l 3,84
2< 3,84 chp nhn Ho: Sinh trai nhiu hn gi l do tnh c v s khc bit cha
c ngha thng k. (xem biu 2)

S 12.2 Vi bc t do v=1, gi tr ti hn = 3,84
- 96 -

12.2.2 Kim nh 2 t l trn 2 mu c lp (Bng 2x2)
p dng khi gi tr mong i trung bnh trong cc >5
V d: Mt nghin cu bnh-chng tm s lin h gia nhim Human papilloma
virus (HPV) v ung th c t cung (CTC). Kt qu trnh by trong bng 2x2 nh sau:

Ung th CTC+ Ung th CTC(-)
HPV (+) 20 (10)* 10 (20 )* 30
HPV (-) 10 (20)* 50 (40)* 60
30 60 N=90**
*Cc s trong ngoc l s mong i, ch p dng php kim khi tr s mong i > 5.
** N l tng s ca

Cch tnh khi bnh phng:
_
2
= E
(tr s quan st tr s mong i)
2
[1]
s mong i

Tr s mong i =
tng hng x tng ct
[2]
N
Cch tnh bc t do:
Bc t do df = (hng-1) x (ct-1)
Bng trn c 2 hng v 2 ct vy:
df =(2-1) x (2-1)=1
Th vo cng thc [1] ta c

_
2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
22,5
40
40 50
20
20 10
20
20 10
10
10 20
2 2 2 2
=
=
Vi df=1; gi tr ti hn vi o=0,05 (2 ui) l 3,84
_
2
= 22,5 >3,84 bc b Ho: nhim HPV l yu t nguy c gy ung th c t cung

- 97 -

12.3 p dng php kim _
2
trong SPSS
12.3.1 Trng hp c bng d liu:
V d: Mt nghin cu tm s lin quan gia b sa m v nhim Helicobacter pyroli
30 tr em. Ta c bng d liu sau y:

Ghi ch: ct 1 (id): i tng; ct 2 (suame) vi 1: b sa m v 0:khng b m ;
ct 3 (nhiemHP): 1 c nhim H. pyroli v 0: khng nhim H. pyroli
Vo thc n: Analyze> Descriptive Statistics>Crosstabs.
M hp thoi Crosstabs, nhp chuyn suame t bn tri vo Row(s) v
NhiemHP vo column(s).
- 98 -

Nhn hp thoi StatisticsNhp du nhy vo Chi-square v Risk v nhn
Continue

Nhn hp thoi Cells Nhp du nhy vo Observed v Column ( xem t l
%), nhp Continue

- 99 -

Cui cng nhn OK cho kt qu nh sau:

Kt qu: Khng b sa m, t l nhim HP l 10/15 (83,3%)
C b sa m, t l nhim HP l 1/15 (16,7%)
Pearson Chi-Square=8,889, bc t do df=1 v mc ngha p=0,003
T s Odds=0,077 (Khong tin cy 95%: 0,012-0,480)
Kt lun: B sa m lm gim 92,3% nguy c (odds) nhim H. pyroli

12.3.2 Trng hp khng c bng d liu:
V d ch c bng d liu 2x2 nh sau:
Ung th CTC+ Ung th CTC(-)
HPV (+) 20 10
HPV (-) 10 50

Trong trng hp ny, nhp s liu vo SPSS nh sau:
- 100 -

C 3 ct: benh (0,1); phoinhiem (0,1), soluong (10,20,50,10)
benh= 1 (ung th c TC +); benh=0 (ung th c TC -)
phoinhiem=1 ( HPV +); phoinhiem=0 (HPV-)

Vo menu Data, chn Weight Cases (hng cui cng) m mn hnh Weight Cases
nh sau:
Chon soluong, nhp mi tn, chuyn vo Frequency Variable, nhp OK

- 101 -

Chuyn qua thc n: Analyze, chn Descriptive Statistics, chn Crosstabs

Vo hp thoi Cross tabs, nhp chuyn phoinhiem t bn tri qua Row(s) v
benh qua Column(s):

Nhn Statistics, nh du nhy vo Chi-square v Risk

- 102 -

Nhp Continue, nhp OK, kt qu cui cng nh sau:

Pearson Chi-Square = 22.500; ngha TK (2-ui)=0.000
Odds Ratio=10,0 (KTC 95%:3,6-27,6)
Kt lun: Ngi nhim HPV c nguy c b ung th c t cung gp 10 ln (KTC
95%: 3.612- 27.688; p=0.000) so vi ngi khng b nhim HPV.

- 103 -

Ph lc. Bng i chiu xem gi tr ti hn vi 6 bc t do (DF) ca phn phi
_2.

DF p=0.05 p=0.01
1 3.84 6.64
2 5.99 9.21
3 7.82 11.34
4 9.49 13.28
5 11.07 15.09
6 12.59 16.81

- 104 -

PHN PHI T V PHP KIM T STUDENT

13.1 Lch s ca phn phi T Student.
Cha ca phn phi T student l W.S Gosset. ng c nhn lm vic ti hng
bia ni ting Guinness Dublin, Ai len vo nm 1899 sau khi tt nghip khoa Ha
ti i hc Oxford lc 23 tui. bo m cht lng bia khi ln men cn phi c
tnh chnh xc s lng men (yeast) cn thm vo, nu thiu s lm gim hng v,
nu d s lm tng v ng ca bia, tuy nhin khng th m c tng th cc
khm men (colonies). Gosset ly nhiu mu (samples) nh con men v t suy
ta lng men tng th (population). Cng trnh nghin cu ny c cng b trn t
Biometrica vo nm 1907 vi tn gi l Student vi ta l Sai s m vi bung
m t bo (On

the Error of Counting With a
Hemacytometer). V vn bo mt ca cng ty nn
ng ch c php ng bi vi tn gi ny. Sau
ng thc hin mt nghin cu khc v phn phi T,
ng o chiu cao (h) v chiu di (l) ngn tay gia
tri ca 3000 phm nhn, ghi tt c cc s liu ny
ln tm ba, ct ngu nhin ra 750 tm ba nh, nh
vy trong mi tm ba ch c s liu h v l ca 4
phm nhn, tnh trung bnh m (mean) v phng sai
s
2
( lch chun s) ca tt c 750 mu nh ny v suy on trung bnh v
lch chun o ca dn s (3000 phm nhn). Cng trnh ni ting ny cng c
cng b trn t Biometrika vo nm 1908 vi tn gi l Student v ta l Sai s
c th ca tr trung bnh (The Probable Error of a

Mean).
Nh vy t mu nh (vi trung bnh m, lch chun s) ta c th suy on
trung bnh v lch chun o ca dn s. Mt v d minh ha sau y:
Chiu cao trung bnh nam thanh nin Vit nam trn 18 tui l 163 cm v
lch chun (SD) l 4 cm (Theo quyn hng s sinh hc ca ngi Vit nam thp k
90). Tm gi y l tr trung bnh v lch chun o ca dn s, thc ra tr s
thc ca v o ch c c khi o chiu cao ca khong 30 triu thanh nin nam
ny!.
- 105 -

By gi ta th suy on v o s nh th no ny ta rt ra 3 mu c N=5,10
v 20 thanh nin Vit nam bt k v o chiu cao cc thanh nin trong cc mu ny.
Kt qu chiu cao (cm) trnh by trong bng 13.1

Bng 13.1 Chiu cao thanh nin Vit nam vi 3 mu bt k
N=5 N=10 N=20
160 160 160
165 165 165
170 170 175
155 155 155
160 160 160
150 150
175 175
160 160
160 160
175 175
170
155
165
155
175
160
160
165
170
170
mean 162 163 164
SD 5.7 8.2 7.7
SE 2.5 2.7 1.7
to=0.05 2.776 2.262 2.093
KTC 95% 6.940 6.107 3.558
Dao ng 155-169 157-169 160-168

mean: Tr trung bnh; SD: lch chun, SE: sai s chun, to=0.05: gi tr ti hn
(2 ui); KTC 95%: khong tin cy 95%
DF: Bc t do (n-1)
Cng thc tnh KTC 95%: m to x SE (vi
N
SD
SE = )
Vi m: tr trung bnh v S =

- 106 -

Nh vy tr s ca dn s (163cm) u nm trong KTC 95% ca mu vi N=5,10
v 20.

13.2 Phn phi T Student
Nu phn phi chun tc c dng Z ~ N (0,1) th phn phi t c dng
T ~ (0,
2
), trong v l bc t do v
2
l phng sai. nh vy khi v ln (>30)
th
2
gn bng 1 v T c phn phi chun tc.

S 13.1 S tng quan gia phn phi chun tc N (0,1) v phn phi T (0,
2
)
Trong phn phi chun, 95% s liu nm trong khong Z=-1,96 n Z=+1,96
(# 2SD). Nu bc t do v=1, 95% s liu nm trong khong to=-12,706 n
to=+12,706. Khi v=5 , 95% s liu nm trong khong to=-2,570 n to=+2,570 v
khi v=30, 95% s liu nm trong khong to=-2 n to=+2. Nh vy, khi v> 30 th
phn phi T c coi nh phn phi chun tc v c gi tr ti hn to # Zo=1,96

- 107 -

13.3 ng dng php kim T trong SPSS:
Php kim T l php kim c dng nhiu nht trong thng k x l cc
bin s. Trong cc phn mm thng k thng dng nh Epi-info, SPSS, Strata...
chng ta ch thy php kim T m khng thy php kim Z (da trn phn phi
chun). Thc ra php kim hay phn phi T c suy din t phn phi chun, vi
mu nh (n=5, 10,15...) chng ta ch cn hiu chnh Zo=1,96 ra To. Nu mu cng
nh (bc t do nh), To cng ln (xem biu 1)
13.3.1 Php kim T mt mu :
V d 1: Thc hin ngoi kim tra, 5 mu ng mu (u c tr s thc l
100mg%) c gi cho 1 phng xt nghim A. Kt qu 5 mu ng mu ti phng
xt nghim A nh sau: 100; 101; 102; 103; 104. Hi cht lng ca phng xt
nghim A?
Gii:
Gi thuyt khng: Ho: m= ; Ha: m =
n
SD
m
T

=
vi 102
5
104 103 102 101 100
m =
+ + + +
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2.5
1 n
104 100 103 100 102 100 101 100 100 100
SD
2 2 2 2 2
2
=
+ + + +
=
SD=1.58
2,82
5
1,58
100 102
n
SD
m
T =
=

Tra bng vi bc t do =4 : t= 2.77. Nh vy T >2,77 bc b gi thuyt khng, c
s khc bit gia mu mu gi n so vi kt qu ca phng xt nghim A. Kt
lun: Cht lng phng xt nghim A cha t
Test T 1 mu trong SPSS
Analyze>Compare Means>One-sample T test
Nhp glucose chuyn qua Test variables
G 100 (tr ng mu thc s) vo Test Value
- 108 -

Nhp OK
Kt qu kim nh T 1 mu :

N: s mu mu; Mean: tr trung bnh; Std. Deviation: lch chun; Std. Error
Mean: Sai s chun= SD/; t=2.828 (gi tr ti hn t 2 ui); df: bc t do (n-1);
Sig. (2-tailed): ngha TK ( 2 ui) p<0.047; Mean difference: Sai bit gia TB mu
v tr l thuyt (m-)
Kt lun: t=2,828, df=4, p=0,047: s khc bit c ngha thng k, nh vy
kt qu ca phng xt nghim A cha t.

- 109 -

13.3. 2 T test 2 mu c lp:
V d 2: Nghin cu s lng tiu cu ca 2 nhm bnh nhn (n=10) mc st
dengue (SD) v st xut huyt dengue (SXH). Kt qu thu c nh sau
(x10
3
/mm
3
)
Nhm SD: 150, 140, 170, 160, 90, 240, 100, 140, 120, 90
Nhm SXH: 100, 130, 80, 70, 40, 30, 120, 130, 20, 80
C s khc bit trung bnh gia 2 nhm
Gii:
Gi thuyt Ho: m
1
=m
2
; Ha: m
1
=m
2

2
2
2
1
2 1
SE SE
m m
T
+
=

140
10
90 20 140 100 240 90 160 170 140 150
m
1
=
+ + + + + + + + +
=
80
10
80 20 130 120 30 40 70 80 130 100
m
2
=
+ + + + + + + + +
=
( ) ( )
2044
9
140 90 ........ 140 150
SD
2 2
2
1
=
+ +
=
( ) ( )
1504
9
80 90 ........ 80 100
SD
2 2
2
2
=
+ +
=
204,5
n
SD
SE
1
2
1 2
1
= =
163,8
n
SD
SD
2
2
2 2
2
= =
163,8 204,5
80 140
T
+
=

T= 3,124
Vi bc t do= 18 To= 2,101
Nh vy T=3,124 > To=(2,101 bc b Ho. Nhm SD c tiu cu cao hn SXH

Test T 2 mu c lp trong SPSS
Analyze>Compare Means>Independent-Samples T Test
- 110 -

Nhp tr TC (tiu cu) qua Test variables

M mn hnh Independent-Samples T test. Nhp chun tieucau t bn tri
qua Test Variable(s) v Nhom qua Group Variable:

Nhp nt Define Groups, khai bo group 1 =SD; group 2 = SXH
- 111 -

Nhp Continue v nhp OK, cho kt qu nh sau:

N: s mu ca mi nhm; Mean: tr trung bnh; Std. Deviation: lch chun; Std.
Error Mean: Sai s chun= SD/; Levenes test for Equality of Variances: Kim
nh bng nhau v phng sai (nu sig>0,05, 2 nhm c phng sai tng ng,
chn t hng trn); df: bc t do= n1+n2-2=18, Sig. (2-tailed): ngha TK ( 2 ui)
p=0.006.
Nh vy tr tiu cu ca nhm SD l: 140.00 45.21 v nhm SXH l: 80.00
40.55 v s khc bit ca 2 nhm c ngha thng k vi p=0,006.

13.3.3 Kim nh T vi mu bt cp:
V d: iu tr 8 bnh nhn bng thuc h mu X, kt qu trc v sau iu
tr nh sau:
- 112 -

Trc T 160 155 145 150 145 150 165 170
Sau T 145 135 145 150 130 130 135 150
Chnh lch 15 +
20 + 0 + 0 + 15 + 20 + 30 + 20 =120

Gi tr trung bnh ca cc chnh lch: 15
8
120
= = d
Phng sai ca cc chnh lch :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
107,2
7
15 20
7
15 30 15 20 15 15 15 20 15 15
SD
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
d
=
=
+ + + +
=
S
d
= 107,2 = 10,35
Ta c
4,09
8
10,35
15
n
SD
d
T = = =

Vi df=7, to=0,025= 2,36
Kt lun : T >2,36 bc b Ho: c s chnh lch HA sau iu tr (thuc X c
tc dng h huyt p thc s)

Test T mu bt cp trong SPSS
Analyze>Compare Means>Paired-Samples T Test

M mn hnh Paired-Samples T test, bi cp Truoc-Sau cng lc bng
phm Shift+ chuyn qua Paired Variables:
- 113 -

Nhp OK cho kt qu nh sau:

chnh lch trung bnh=15; lch chun (SD)=10,35
t=4,099, bc t do df=7, ngha thng k: p=0,005
S khc bit Trc v Sau iu tr c ngha thng k. Kt lun thuc X c
tc dng h p tt.

Ti liu tham kho:
1. Tonse N.K. Raju. William Sealy Gosset and William A. Silverman: Two "Students"
of Science. Pediatrics,Vol. 116 No. 3 2005, pp. 732-735.
2. Student's t-Tests http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/t-test.html truy cp ngy
20/02/09.
3. B Y t 2002. Bn tho hng s sinh hc ngi Vit nam thp k 90

- 114 -

Ph lc:
Bng tnh gi tr ti hn ca phn phi T

V d . vi bc t do DF=5, xc sut p (2 ui)=0,05, th t=2,57
vi bc t do DF=5, xc sut p (2 ui)=0,01, th t=4,03

DF 0,05 0,01

DF 0,05 0,01
1 12.71 63.66

17 2.11 2.9
2 4.3 9.92

18 2.1 2.88
3 3.18 5.84

19 2.09 2.86
4 2.78 4.6

20 2.09 2.85
5 2.57 4.03

21 2.08 2.83
6 2.45 3.71

22 2.07 2.82
7 2.36 3.5

23 2.07 2.81
8 2.31 3.36

24 2.06 2.8
9 2.26 3.25

25 2.06 2.79
10 2.23 3.17

26 2.06 2.78
11 2.2 3.11

27 2.05 2.77
12 2.18 3.05

28 2.05 2.76
13 2.16 3.01

29 2.05 2.76
14 2.14 2.98

30 2.04 2.75
15 2.13 2.95

1.96 2.58

- 115 -

PHN PHI F V NG DNG TRONG
PHN TCH PHNG SAI

14.1 Phn phi F:
Nu gi U
1
l phn phi khi bnh phng vi bc t do d
1

V U
2
l phn phi khi bnh phng vi bc t do d
2
Th phn phi F l t s gia 2 phn phi khi bnh phng U
1
v U
2

2
2
1
1
d
U
d
U
~ F
.
Nh vy phn phi F cng l phn phi khi bnh phng c tr trung bnh v
phng sai o
2

Tr trung bnh ca phn phi F: (Vi d
2
>2)
2 - d
d
2
2
=

v phng sai l: (vi d
2
>4)
( )
( ) ( ) 4 - d 2 - d d
2d
2 2 1
2
2
2
2 1 2
2 +
=
d d
o

14.2 ng dng trong phn tch phng sai (ANOVA)
V d: S lng tiu cu gim nhiu trong bnh St xut huyt (SXH), gim trung
bnh trong St dengue (SD) v gim t trong Nhim siu vi khc (NSV). Xt nghim
tiu cu 10 bnh nhn cho mi nhm. Kt qu c ghi nhn trong bng 1. Hi c
s khc bit tr s TC gia 3 nhm bnh?
Bng 14.1 Tr s tiu cu (x1000/mm
3
) bnh nhn mc SD, SXH v NSV

SD (n1=10) SXH (n2=10) NSV (n3=10)
150 100 140
140 130 200
170 80 210
160 70 230
- 116 -

90 40 100
240 30 120
100 120 220
140 130 160
120 20 150
90 80 170

1
= 140

2
= 80

3
= 170

S
1
2
= 18400 s
2
2
= 14800 s
3
2
= 17400

10(140-130)
2
10(80-130)
2
10(170-130)
2

Gi thuyt Ho :
1
=
2
=
3

Gi thuyt Ha :
1
=
2
=
3

Gi n
1
,n
2
,n
3
l s ca mi nhm tng ng
Gi
1
,
2
,
3
l tr trung bnh ca mi nhm tng ng
Gi s
1
2
, s
2
2
, s
3
2
l phng sai ca mi nhm tng ng
Ta c:
1
=
150+140+.+90
10
= 140
2
=
100+130+.+80
10
= 80
3
=
140+200+.+170
10
= 170
Gi l trung bnh ton b mu:
=
140+80+170
3
= 130
Phng sai ca nhm 1 (St dengue)
s
1
2
= (150-140)
2
+(140-140)
2
+.+ (90-140)
2
= 18400
Phng sai ca nhm 2 (SXH)
s
2
2
= (100-80)
2
+(130-80)
2
+.+ (80-80)
2
= 14800
Phng sai ca nhm 3 (NSV)
s
3
2
= (140-170)
2
+(200-170)
2
+.+ (170-170)
2
= 17400
- 117 -

Tng bnh phng phn nh dao ng trong ni b nhm (Within-groups sum of
squares):
SSW= s
1
2
+ s
1
2
+

s
3
2
= 50600
Tng bnh phng phn nh khc nhau gia cc nhm (Between-groups sum
of squares):
SSB= n
1
(
1
-)
2
+ n
2
(
2
-)
2
+ n
3
(
3
-)
2
SSB= 10(140-130)
2
+

10(80-130)
2
+ 10(170-130)
2
=42000
Bc t do gia cc nhm= k-1=2
Bc t do ton b mu= n-k=27
Trung bnh bnh phng gia cc nhm (between-groups mean squares)
( )
21000
1 3
42000
1 k
SSB
MSB =
=
Trung bnh bnh phng trong ni b nhm (within-groups mean squares)

( )
1874
3 30
50660
k n
SSW
MSW =
=
Php kim 11.2
1874
21000
MSW
MSB
F = = =

c bng phn phi F vi bc t do ca t s l 2 v mu s l 27 ta c
o
0.05
= 3.35. Nh vy F=11,2> 3.45
Kt lun: bc b Ho C s khc bit tr tiu cu gia 3 nhm bnh (SD, SXH,
NSV)
Nh vy ta thy rng nu s chnh lch trung bnh gia (Between) 3 nhm cng
cao so vi chnh lch trong ni b (Within) ca tng nhm th F cng ln v s
khc bit cng r rng.

14.2.3 Phn tch phng sai mt chiu (one-way analysis of variance) trong
SPSS:
Phn tch phng sai 1 chiu (ch c 1 yu t l nhm bnh trong v d ny)

- 118 -

Nhp s liu vo SPSS: gm 2 ct: Nhombenh (1=SD); (2=SXH); (3=NSV) v
tieucau x1000/mm
3
.

Vo menu Analyze> Compare means > One-way ANOVA
Chon tieucau trong bn tri, nhp mi tn, chuyn vo Dependent List
Chon Nhombenh, chuyn vo Factor
Nhn Options: Nhp du nhy vo Descriptive v Homogeneity of variance
test
Nhp continue
Nhn OK (nh hnh sau)
- 119 -

Kt qu c cho trong 3 bng:

- 120 -

Tr s trung bnh tiu cu (mean) v lch chun (Std. Deviation) ca tng nhm:
SD (1): N=10, trung bnh= 140 (LC 45); SXH (2): N=10, trung bnh= 80 (LC 40)v
NSV(3): N=10, trung bnh= 170 (LC 56)
Levene Statistic=0,084, v Sig.= 0,920 cho bit khng c s sai bit nhiu v
phng sai gia 3 nhm hoc c tnh ng nht (homogeneity) nn c th dng
kim nh ANOVA.
Tng bnh phng gia cc nhm (Sum of squares- Between groups)=42000
df=2 (3 nhm -1), bnh phng trung bnh (mean Square)=SSB/2= 21000
Tng bnh phng trong ni b cc nhm (Sum of squares- Within
groups)=506000, df=30-3=27, bnh phong trung bnh (mean
Square)=50600/27=1874
F= 21000/1874=11,206, ngha TK (Sig.) vi p=0,000
Lm tip th tc Post Hoc xc nh s khc nhau v trung bnh ca tng cp
nhm, thng thng dng kim nh Bonferroni trong Post Hoc
Nhp Post Hoc Nhp du nhy vo Bonfferoni Nhp Continue

- 121 -

Sai bit trung bnh gia nhm 1 (SD) v nhm 2 (SXH); 60.0, c ngha thng k
vi p=0.013
Sai bit trung bnh gia nhm 1 (SD) v nhm 3 (NSV); -30.0, khng c ngha
thng k vi p=0.399
Sai bit trung bnh gia nhm 2 (SXH) v nhm 3 (NSV); -90.0, c ngha thng k
vi p=0.000
Tm li: tr tiu cu ca SXH thp hn SD v NSV c ngha thng k, nhng
khng c s khc bit tr tiu cu gia 2 nhm SD v NSV.

14.2.4 Phn tch phng sai hai chiu (two-way analysis of variance) trong
SPSS:
Trong v d trn, gi s rng lm xt nghim tiu cu sm (s 2 ngy ca
bnh) th mc gim tiu cu ca nhm SXH khng khc bit so vi nhm SD
hoc NSV, nh vy ngai yu t nhm bnh, ta c th 1 yu t (iu kin) th hai l
xt nghim mu sm 1 hoc tr 0. Nh vy ta c 3 nhm bnh (SD, SXH, NSV)
v 2 iu kin (xt nghim sm v tr)

- 122 -

Nhm bnh
iu kin SD=1 SXH=2 NSV=3
Sm=1 100, 120,140,
140,240
80, 100,120 ,
130, 130
100, 160, 200,
220, 230
Tr=0 90, 90, 150,
160,170
20, 30, 40, 70,
80
120, 140, 150,
170, 210

Nhp s liu vo SPSS, gm 4 ct:
Nhom 1 ( st dengue), 2 st xut huyt, 3 Nhim siu vi
Tc (s lng tiu cux 1000/mm
3
)
Som; 1 xt nghim sm 0 xt nghim tr

Vo thc n: Analyze> General linear model> Univariate nh hnh sau:
- 123 -

Nhp TC vo Dependent Variable, nhp nhom v som vo Fixed Factor(s)
Nhp OK. Kt qa phn tch phng sai hai yu t trong SPSS nh sau:

- 124 -

Kt qu phn tch trn c th tm tt trong bng sau:

Ngun
bin thin
(Source)
Tng bnh
phng
(type III)
Bc t do
(df)
Trung bnh
bnh phng
Kim nh F
ngha
TK
Khc bit
gia 3
nhm
42000 2 (3 nhm -1) 42000/2=21000 21000/1595=13.16 0.000
Sm 9013.33
1 (2 iu
kin-1)
9013/1=9013 9013/1595=5.65 0.026
Tng tc
Nhm*
sm
3306.66 2 3306.6/2=1653 1653/1595=1.03 0.370
Phn d
(Error)
38280,000
24 (N- iu
kin (2)x
nhm (3)
38280/24=1595
Tng cng 599600,000 30

Kt lun: C s khc bit tiu cu gia 3 nhm (SD, SXH, NSV) vi p=0.000
C s khc bit tiu cu gia 2 iu kin th sm hoc tr ( p=0.026)
Khng c s tng tc gia nhm bnh v iu kin th sm hoc tr (p=0.370).

xem biu tng tc, nhp Plots s xut hin mn hnh sau.
Nhp nhom vo Horizontal Axis, som vo Separate Lines, nhp Add s thy xut
hin nhom*SOM trong bn di
- 125 -

V cng tng t nhp SOM vo Horizontal Axis v nhom vo separate Lines,
sau nhn nt Add, s thy xut hin SOM*nhom trong bn di

- 126 -

Kt qu cho thy 2 ng gn song song, tr tiu cu trung bnh thp nht trong
nhm SXH v tr tiu cu c khuynh hng gim u c 3 nhm nu c lm xt
nghim tr, chng t khng c s tng tc gia nhm bnh v iu kin th
sm hoc tr. Nu c tng tc, thng cc ng khng song song m bt cho
nhau (s trnh by trong bi hiu ng tng tc)

- 127 -

Ph lc. Bng phn phi F (df1: bc t do ca t s v df2: bc t
do ca mu s)


Phan Phoi Chi BP-T-F

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phan Phoi Chi BP-T-F

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

- 94 -

PHN PHI V PHP KIM KHI BNH PHNG

You might also like