TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 3(44).

2011

PHN TCH CC NHN T NH HNG N S HI LNG V CNG VIC CA NHN VIN TRONG CC NGN HNG THNG MI TRN A BN THA THIN HU
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB SATISFACTION OF THE COMMERCIAL BANKS STAFF IN THUATHIEN-HUE PROVINCE Phan Th Minh L
i hc Hu
TM TT Bi vit ny phn tch cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v cng vic ca nhn vin trong cc ngn hng thng mi (NHTM) da trn s liu kho st 200 nhn vin trong ton b 20 NHTM ang hot ng trn a bn tnh Tha Thin - Hu. Kt qu nghin cu ch ra rng nhn vin tng i hi lng vi cng vic hin ti ca h, ng thi xc nh, o lng 6 nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v cng vic ca nhn vin v xut 4 gii php, trong cc NHTM cn c bit ch trng ci thin nhn t ch tin lng, ch i ng, p lc cng vic v nhn t lnh o. Cc nhn t khc v o to, thng tin, quan h, i x v iu kin lm vic trong ngn hng cng cn c quan tm thch ng. ABSTRACT This article deals with an analysis of the factors affecting job satisfaction of the staff at the commercial banks in Thua Thien Hue on the basis of a survey conducted for 200 employees at 20 commercial banks operating in the province. The study shows that the banks employees are comparatively satisfied with their current jobs and working environments. Six major factors affecting the employees' satisfaction are defined, of which four basic measures are suggested for improvement. Of these solutions, special attention should be paid to salary improvement, bonus policies, incentive mechanisms, work pressure and leadership. Others factors including training, promotion, work behavior and relationship as well as the banks working conditions will be appropriately mentioned in this article.

1. t vn Ngy nay, ngoi hai yu t u vo quan trng l ngun lc v ti chnh v vt cht, ngun nhn lc ngy cng tr nn quan trng i vi cc t chc ni chung v i vi cc ngn hng thng mi ni ring. Thc t cho thy, cc t chc, cc ngn hng thnh cng u l nhng ngn hng qun tr tt ngun nhn lc ca h (Sylvie St-Onga et all, 2004). Ni cch khc, l nhng ngn hng d b c nhng thch thc v ngun nhn lc, m bo qun l v c k hoch o to nhn vin tt p ng c nhu cu nhn s cho tng giai on pht trin ca mnh. Mt trong s nhng thch thc ny c lin quan n s hi lng ca nhn vin v cng vic ca h. V vy, trong bi vit ny, chng ti tp trung vo nhn din v phn tch tc ng ca cc nhn t n s hi lng v cng vic ca nhn vin trong cc ngn hng thng mi Tha Thin 186

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 3(44).2011

Hu da trn s liu kho st 200 nhn vin trong cc ngn hng ny, ng thi xut cc bin php hu hiu nng cao mc hi lng ca nhn vin gp phn ci thin kt qu cng vic ca h. 2. Phng php nghin cu Trong nghin cu ny, chng ti vn dng quan im ca tc gi Martin Hilb (2003) v mc hi lng ca nhn vin v cng vic ni chung v tham kho kin cc chuyn gia lm vic ti b phn nhn s ca cc ngn hng nghin cu v h thng cc bin o lng mc hi lng ca nhn vin trong ngn hng. Kt qu l 30 bin chi tit v 1 bin tng hp c la chn a vo quan st trong nghin cu k hiu t V1 n V31. C th: V1- Trang thit b tt, V2 - Dch v n ung tt, V3 - iu kin phc hi sc lao ng tt khi gii lao, V4 - Mc tiu kinh doanh r rng, V5 - Cp trn n lc cao thc hin mc tiu, V6 - Trin vng pht trin tt, V7 - Uy tn trn cng lun cao, V8 - Nng lc lnh o tt, V9 - Quan h vi cp trn tt, V10 - Quan h vi ng nghip tt, V11 - nh gi thnh tch cng bng, V12 - kin ca nhn vin c cp trn tn trng, V13 - S phi hp gia cc b phn tt, V14 - Cp trn coi trng ti nng v ng gp ca nhn vin, V15 - Thu nhp hp l, cng bng, V16 - Hot ng phc li x hi tt, V17 - Ch ngh php hp l, V18 - Ch khen thng kp thi, cng bng, V19 - Ch cng tc ph tt, V20 - Th lao ngoi gi hp l, V21 - iu kin c o to tt, V22 - iu kin thng tin tt, V23 - Phn cng lao ng hp l, V24 - C iu kin tham gia kin trong cng vic, V25 - c lp trong cng vic, V26 - Khi lng cng vic khng qu p lc, V27 - Cng vic c ngha, V28 - Cng vic i hi kh nng cao, V29 - Ch thi gian lm vic hp l, V30 - Cng vic m bo v V31 - Mc hi lng chung v cng vic hin ti. Phng php chn mu thun tin c s dng vi 10 quan st cho mi ngn hng v tin hnh kho st ton b 20 ngn hng thng mi ang hot ng trn a bn Tha Thin - Hu. phn tch tc ng ca cc nhn t n mc hi lng i vi cng vic ca nhn vin, phng php phn tch nhn t v hi qui bi c s dng. trnh xu hng trung bnh ch ngha, chng ti khng s dng thang o 5 mc m la chn thang o 4 mc t 1 n 4, tng ng mc 1 l rt khng hi lng, mc 2 l khng hi lng, mc 3 l hi lng v mc 4 l rt hi lng. 3. Kt qu nghin cu 3.1 M t mu kho st Thng tin Bng 1 cho thy c cu v gii tnh, tui v v tr cng vic ca nhn vin ngn hng c kho st l ph hp vi thc t v c th i din cho tng th nghin cu. H c thi gian kinh nghim lm vic kh lu trong cc ngn hng (trung bnh 9,0 nm) v trnh rt cao, ch yu t i hc tr ln (chim n 95%), nh vy h hon ton c th hiu v tr li c nhng cu hi trong phiu kho st v thng tin m h cung cp l thch ng dng cho phn tch.
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 3(44).2011

Bng 1. c im ca mu kho st Ch tiu 1. Gii tnh S lng (ngi) 80 120 T l (%) 40,0 60,0 Trung bnh Nhiu nht t nht 150 50 Nm 36 51 24 75,0 25,0 4. Trnh Trung cp, cao ng i hc Trn i hc 10 178 12 5 89 6 Ch tiu 3. S nm lm vic S lng (ngi) 9,0 15 1 T l (%)

Nam N 3. V tr cng vic Nhn vin Cn b qun l 2. Tui Trung bnh Cao nht Thp nht

3.2 Tc ng ca cc nhn t n mc hi lng ca nhn vin ngn hng v cng vic hin ti 3.2.1. Kt qu phn tch nhn t Kt qu phn tch nhn t c trnh by Bng 2. Vi h s KMO l 0,754 cho thy phn tch nhn t l ph hp vi tp d liu kho st nhn vin ngn hng v 30 bin u iu kin a vo m hnh phn tch. C th, nhn t 1 gm 8 bin t V23 n V30 c gi l Tnh cht v p lc cng vic, nhn t 2 gm 6 bin t V15 n V20 c gi l Thu nhp v cc ch i ng, nhn t 3 gm 6 bin t V9 n V14 c gi l Quan h v i x, nhn t 4 gm 5 bin t V4 n V8 c gi l Trin vng pht trin ca ngn hng v nng lc lnh o, nhn t 5 gm 3 bin t V1 n V3 c gi l iu kin lm vic v nhn t 6 gm 2 bin V21 n V22 c gi l C hi o to v thng tin.
Bng 2. Kt qu phn tch nhn t nh hng n mc hi lng v cng vic ca nhn vin ngn hng Ma trn xoay nhn t Nhn t Bin quan st Phn cng lao ng hp l C iu kin tham gia kin trong cng vic c lp trong cng vic Khi lng cng vic khng qu p lc 188 1 .888 .859 .848 .823 2 3 4 5 6

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 3(44).2011

Cng vic c ngha Cng vic i hi kh nng cao Ch thi gian lm vic hp l Cng vic m bo Thu nhp hp l, cng bng Hot ng phc li x hi tt Ch ngh php hp l Ch khen thng kp thi, cng bng Ch cng tc ph tt Th lao ngoi gi hp l Quan h vi cp trn tt Quan h vi ng nghip tt nh gi thnh tch cng bng kin ca nhn vin c cp trn tn trng S phi hp gia cc b phn tt Cp trn coi trng ti nng v ng gp ca nhn vin Mc tiu kinh doanh r rng Cp trn n lc cao thc hin mc tiu Trin vng pht trin tt Uy tn trn cng lun cao Nng lc lnh o tt Trang thit b tt Dch v n ung tt iu kin phc hi sc lao ng tt khi gii lao iu kin c o to tt iu kin thng tin tt Eigenvalues Cronbach's Alpha H s KMO = .754

.818 .815 .807 .798 .832 .815 .802 .797 .784 .760 .825 .817 .772 .755 .741 .723 .820 .793 .771 .763 .762 .818 .814 .778 .815 .807 4.12 4.75 .832 2.39 .820 2.24 .807 2.13 .783 1.98 .751

3.2.2 Kt qu phn tch hi qui Nh trnh by trn, nh gi tc ng ca cc nhn t n mc hi lng ca nhn vin ngn hng v cng vic hin ti ca h, chng ti s dng m hnh hi qui bi. T kt qu phn tch nhn t nu trn xc nh c 6 nhn t nh hng n mc hi lng ca nhn vin v cng vic hin ti. y chnh l 6 bin gii thch
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 3(44).2011

c a vo m hnh hi qui k hiu tng ng: X1 - Tnh cht v p lc cng vic, X2 - Thu nhp v cc ch i ng, X3 - Quan h v i x, X4 - Trin vng pht trin ca ngn hng v nng lc lnh o, X5 - iu kin lm vic, X6 - C hi o to v thng tin v s hi lng ca nhn vin v cng vic l bin ph thuc c k hiu l Y. M hnh hi qui c vit nh sau: Y= 0+1X1+2X2+3X3+4X4+5X5 + 6X6 Kt qu hi qui Bng 3 cho thy, h s R2 bng 0,536 ngha l m hnh hi qui l ph hp vi d liu v 53,6% s hi lng ca nhn vin v cng vic c gii thch bi 6 nhn t trong m hnh. C th, hm hi quy c vit nh sau: Y = 0,086 + 0,182X1 + 0,215X2 + 0,151X3 + 0,197X4 + 0,112X5 + 0,150X6 Tt c cc h s trong phng trnh hi quy trn y u mang du dng, iu c ngha l c 6 nhn t nghin cu u c tc ng tch cc n s hi lng ca nhn vin v cng vic. Ni cch khc, khi ci thin bt k nhn t no u lm gia tng s hi lng ca nhn vin. C th, s hi lng v cng vic hin nay ca nhn vin ngn hng chu tc ng nhiu nht ca nhn t Thu nhp v cc ch i ng vi h s 2 = 0,215, tip theo l nhn t Trin vng pht trin ca ngn hng v nng lc lnh o vi h s 4 = 0,197, sau l nhn t Tnh cht v p lc cng vic (1 = 0,182), nhn t Quan h v i x (3 = 0,151), nhn t C hi o to v thng tin (6 = 0,150), cui cng l nhn t iu kin lm vic (5 = 0,112).
Bng 3. Cc h s hi qui M hnh Constant Tnh cht v p lc cng vic Thu nhp v cc ch i ng Quan h v i x Trin vng pht trin ca ngn hng v nng lc lnh o iu kin lm vic C hi o to v thng tin H s B .086 .182 .215 .151 .197 .112 .150 lch chun .159 .031 .058 .030 .022 .031 .021 t 4.725 3.622 4.501 5.421 4.109 5.112 4.234 Mc ngha .001 .003 .005 .000 .000 .002 .004

R2 = 0.536, F = 6.280 (Sig. F = 0.000)

3.3 Mt s xut gip cc ngn hng thng mi trn a bn Tha Thin - Hu nng cao mc hi lng v cng vic ca nhn vin Mc hi lng v cng vic hin ti ca nhn vin ngn hng Trc khi xut cc bin php c th, chng ta xem xt mc hi lng ca nhn vin ngn hng v cng vic hin nay ca h nh th no? Theo kt qu nghin
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TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 3(44).2011

cu cho thy, hin nay mc hi lng chung ca cc nhn vin ngn hng v cng vic l cha cao vi mc im trung bnh l 2,95 trn thang o 4 mc. Trong , h t hi lng nht v thu nhp, cc ch i ng (2,55) v tnh cht, p lc cng vic (2,76). iu kin lm vic v quan h i x c nh gi cao nht (3,12 v 3,01), iu ny cho thy mi trng v vn ho ni lm vic l kh tt v nhn vin thc s hi lng. Tuy nhin, h cha thc s hi lng v trin vng pht trin ca ngn hng v nng lc lnh o cng nh v c hi o to v thng tin (2,98 v 2,95) (xem Bng 4).
Bng 4. Mc hi lng ca nhn vin ngn hng v cng vic hin ti Nhn t Thu nhp v cc ch i ng Tnh cht v p lc cng vic C hi o to v thng tin Trin vng pht trin ca ngn hng v nng lc lnh o Quan h v i x iu kin lm vic Mc hi lng chung v cng vic hin ti N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Ti thiu 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Ti a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Trung bnh 2.55 2.76 2.95 2.98 3.01 3.12 2.95 .430 .531 .452 lch chun .658 .331 .235 .652

Vi nhng kt qu phn tch trn y, chng ti xut mt s bin php nhm gip cc ngn hng thng mi trn a bn tnh Tha Thin - Hu nng cao hn na mc hi lng v cng vic ca nhn vin trong tng lai, t nng cao tnh tch cc v nhit tnh ca h trong cng vic, gp phn t mc tiu kinh doanh ra. Th nht, cc ngn hng cn ch trng ci thin hai nhn t v ch tr lng v cc ch i ng khc theo hng ph hp hn vi ng gp ca nhn vin, cng bng v minh bch hn, v nhn t v tnh cht v p lc cng vic, bi v y l hai nhn t m nhn vin cha hi lng nht, trong khi n li c tc ng mnh n s hi lng ca nhn vin (2 = 0,215 v 1 = 0,182). Do vy, y l nhng nhn t cn s quan tm c bit ca cc ngn hng. Th hai, lnh o ngn hng cn n lc hn na trong vic thc hin mc tiu pht trin ca ngn hng, to nim tin mnh m hn cho nhn vin vo trin vng pht trin trong tng lai nhn vin lun thy t ho khi c lm vic trong ngn hng. Nh vy s to c s tch cc ng gp ca nhn vin cho s pht trin ca ngn hng v to c s trung thnh ca h, to c ng lc cho s pht trin ca mi c nhn v gi chn c nhng nhn vin gii. y l mt trong nhng iu kin v cng quan trng m bo cho s pht trin lu di v bn vng ca ngn hng. Th ba, ngn hng nn quan tm ng mc n cng tc o to nhn vin nng cao trnh chuyn mn, nng cao hiu qu cng vic v to c hi cho h th
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hin c ti nng v c c hi thng tin. y cng l mt nhn t khng km phn quan trng to ra ng lc v s gn b ca nhn vin vi cng vic, vi ngn hng. Th t, mc d nhn vin hin ang hi lng v iu kin lm vic v quan h i x vi cp trn, vi ng nghip, nhng cc ngn hng cng nn quan tm ci thin hn na to mi trng lm vic thn thin hn, i x cng bng hn. Bi v, nhn vin hi lng nhng mc cha cao vi im trung bnh l 3,12 v 3,01. 4. Kt lun Vi nhng phn tch trn y cho thy, hin nay nhn vin trong cc ngn hng nghin cu kh hi lng v cng vic v mi trng lm vic ca h. Tuy nhin, nghin cu cng cho thy, cc ngn hng cn phi ci thin mnh m v nhiu mt theo 6 nhn t c xc nh c th nng cao mc hi lng ca nhn vin, t to cho nhn vin thi lm vic tch cc, nhit tnh hn, tin tng, trung thnh hn v ng gp nhiu hn cho s pht trin ca ngn hng. Trong , cc ngn hng cn c bit ch trng ci thin ch tin lng, ch i ng, gim p lc cng vic v lnh o cn n lc nhiu hn trong vic thc hin mc tiu pht trin ca ngn hng, xy dng v nng cao uy tn ca ngn hng, m bo mt trin vng pht trin tt hn trong tng lai. ng thi cc ngn hng cn quan tm ng mc n cng tc o to, to cho nhn vin c c hi thng tin v khng nn coi nh vic ci thin cc mi quan h, i x v iu kin lm vic trong ngn hng, xy dng mi trng v vn ho m nhn vin lm vic hiu qu hn v nng sut hn. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Francois Stankiewicz, Economie des ressources humaines, Editions La Dcouverte et Sylros, Paris, 1999. [2] Martin Hilb, Qun tr nhn s tng th. Mc tiu - Chin lc - Cng c, NXB H Ni, 2003. [3] Sylvie St-Onga, Michel Audet, Victor Haines, Andre Petit, Rlever les dfis de la gestion des ressources humaines, 2e dition. Gaetan morin Editeur, 2004. [4] Trn Kim Dung, Cc yu t nh hng n mc trung thnh v kt qu lm vic ca nhn vin trong cc doanh nghip nh v va, Hi tho quc t v "Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip va v nh Vit Nam trong bi cnh hi nhp quc t", TP. HCM, ngy 2/12/2005. pp. 349-365. [5] William B. Werther, Jr. Keith David. Humain Resources and Personnel Management. Fifth Edition. McFraw-Hill, Inc., 1996 (BBT nhn bi: 07/05/2011, phn bin xong: 31/05/2011)

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