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Contents
Introduction HSDPA HSUPA Continuous Packet Connectivity I-HSPA Conclusions
Introduction
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) evolution introduced first downlink counterpart of the evolution called High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) in Release 5 Uplink evolution followed later in Release 6 by the name of High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) HSPA was originally designed for non-real time traffic with high transmission rate requirements
In theory up to 5,8 Mbps in the uplink and 14 Mbps in the downlink without Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO)
Roughly speaking equals to additional transmitter and receiver antennas
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2003
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2006
2007
Japan
Europe (precommercial)
Europe (commercial)
HSDPA (commercial)
HSUPA (commercial)
Questions
Why were the packet data capabilities of WCDMA improved even further? For what kind of services was HSPA originally designed?
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After the introduction of HSDPA in Release 5 some changes to downlink packet data operations occurred
New High Speed DSCH (HS-DSCH) channel was introduced DSCH was removed due to lack of interest for implementing it in practical networks
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HSDPA does not support DCH features like fast power control or soft handover
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User data is sent on High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) Control information is sent on High Speed Common Control Channel (HS-SCCH) HS-SCCH is sent two slot before HS-DSCH to inform the scheduled UE of the transport format of the incoming transmission on HS-DSCH
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Questions
Mention at least purpose to which Rel99 DCH is used with HSDPA What kind of handovers are supported with HSDPA?
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Retransmisson
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Questions
What is CQI? What does link adaptation do? Which entity initiates RLC re-transmissions? Which entity initiates HARQ re-transmissions?
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There exists different ways that users can be scheduled in downlink, e.g.
Round Robin Proportional Fair
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Negative sides
No channel conditions are taken into account and thus resources might be wasted
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priority !
d , r
where instantaneous data rate, d, is obtained by consulting the link adaptation algorithm and average throughput, r, of the user is defined and/or updated as follows
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When regarding HSDPA, the user can be connected only to one serving HSDPA Node B at the time
Leading to hard handover when the handover between HSDPA Node Bs is required in contrary to DCH soft handover
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DCH/HSDPA
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Questions
How does Round Robin allocate resources for the users? How intra- and inter-Node B handovers differ from each other?
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HSUPA is not a standalone feature, but requires many of the basic features of the WCDMA Rel99
Cell selection and synchronization, random access, basic power control loop functions, basic mobility procedures (soft handover), etc.
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(*)Dedicated channel means that each UE has its own data path to the Node B that is continuous and independent from the DCHs and E-DCHs of other UEs
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UE
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Questions
What new features on top of multicodes and shorter frame sizes do HSUPA offer? Is DCH part of the HSUPA?
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(*)ratio between the total power received from all of the UEs at the base station and the thermal noise
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UE in soft handover receives only relative hold/down commands from other than serving HSUPA Node B
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Questions
What is the shared resource in the uplink if power is in the downlink? What kind of scheduling possibilities HSUPA offer?
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The reason why DCH does not support multicodes is that the DCH is controlled by RNC and thus DCH is rather slowly controllable
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Also, HSUPA with HARQ increases the possibility to operate with higher BLER target which leads to lower power requirement for corresponding data rate
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Questions
Why does not DCH support multicodes in practice? If UE is in a two-way soft handover how does the HARQ operate?
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Power offset
PO
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H. Holma, M. Kuusela, E. Malkamki, K. Ranta-aho, C. Tao: VoIP over HSPA with 3GPP Release 7, PIMRC, 2006.
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I-HSPA (1/3)
Internet-HSPA (I-HSPA) aims to provide competitive mobile internet access with much more simpler network architecture than it is in normal WCDMA systems Deployable with existing WCDMA base stations Utilizes standard 3GPP terminals Simplified architecture brings many benefits such as
Cost-efficient broadband wireless access Improves the delay performance Transmission savings Enables flat rating for the end user Works anywhere (compared to WLAN or WIMAX)
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I-HSPA (2/3)
NodeB / E-NodeB UE RNC SGSN GGSN
Internet / Intranet
I-HSPA
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I-HSPA (3/3)
Release 99 ~200 ms
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Today HSDPA HSDPA+HSUPA I-HSDPA+ I-HSUPA
63 2008 Magister Solutions Ltd
Round trip time of 32-Byte packet HSDPA <100 ms HSUPA ~50 ms I-HSPA ~25 ms
Conclusions
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Conclusions (1/2)
High Speed Packet Access evolution for WCDMA was introduced in Release 5 and 6 for downlink and uplink, respectively HSPA offers much higher peak data rates, reaching in theory up to 14 Mbps in the downlink and 5,4 Mbps in the uplink, in addition to reduced delays Key technologies with HSPA are
Fast Layer 1 retransmissions i.e. HARQ Node B scheduling Shorter frame size (2ms in DL and 2/10ms UL) Higher order modulation and coding along with link adaptation in downlink Real support for multicodes in the uplink
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Conclusions (2/2)
HSPA improved also the performance of delay critical low bit rate services like VoIP even though it was not originally designed for it Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC) enhancements introduced in Release 7 improved VoIP performance even more I-HSPA was introduced to provide competitive internet access solution
High data rates with low delay Reduced costs => flat rate could be possible
Femtocells were introduced to improve the mobile convergence and performance in small offices or at home, for instance
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HSDPA No Yes No No
(associated DCH only)
Yes
Yes Yes No No No
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Thank you!
kari.aho@magister.fi
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