Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MC LC............................................................................................................................1
1- Tiu (T) v tiu vn bn (TVB)............................................................................3
1.1- Ranh gii gia tiu v tiu vn bn.........................................................................3
1.2- Tiu vn bn l loi tiu tiu biu.............................................................................5
2- Vai tr, cng v v cu trc ca tiu vn bn................................................................5
2.1- Vai tr ca tiu vn bn trong qu trnh giao tip.........................................................5
2.1.1- Qu trnh lp vn bn..................................................................................................5
2.1.2- Qu trnh phn gii vn bn........................................................................................6
2.1.3- Knh thng tin tiu .................................................................................................6
2.2- Cng v ca tiu vn bn.............................................................................................7
2.2.1- Tiu vn bn l mt pht ngn c lp..................................................................7
2.2.2- Tiu vn bn l mt khch ngn.........................................................................7
2.2.3- Tiu vn bn l mt ch ngn................................................................................8
2.2.4- Tiu vn bn l mt pht ngn biu trng..............................................................8
2.3- Cu trc ca tiu vn bn..............................................................................................8
2. 3.1- Cu trc hng ni v cu trc hng ngoi ca vn bn........................................8
2.3.2- Cu trc tuyn tnh v cu trc phi tuyn tnh..........................................................10
3- c im ngn ng ca cc tiu vn bn trong cc phong cch chc nng...............11
3.1- Tiu vn bn phong cch khoa hc.............................................................................11
3.1.1- Nhn xt chung........................................................................................................11
3.1.2- TVB trong nghin cu khoa hc............................................................................13
3.2- Tiu vn bn trong phong cch hnh chnh chnh lun: ..........................................16
3.2.1- Nhn xt chung.........................................................................................................16
3.2.2 Tiu vn bn cc vn bn hnh chnh....................................................................17
3.3 Tiu vn bn trong cc vn bn chnh lun..................................................................18
3.3- Tiu vn bn trong phong cch ngn ng ngh thut.................................................21
3.3.1- Nhn xt chung.........................................................................................................21
3.3.2-Tiu vn bn trong vn xui ngh thut:...............................................................22
3.3.3- Tiu vn bn trong th ca.....................................................................................23
3. 4. c im ngn ng TVB trong phong cch ngn ng bo ch....................................24
3.4.1. TVB bo ch c cu to c bit ............................................................................24
3.4.2. TVB bo ch s dng nhiu bin php tu t...........................................................25
3.5- c im ngn ng TVB trong phong cch sinh hot hng ngy (PCSHHN).........27
4. Cc phng thc to ngha hm n trong tiu vn bn...........................................27
4.1- Dng khch ngn.............................................................................................................27
4.2- Dng hnh thc m m:.................................................................................................28
4.3- Dng hnh thc ni li......................................................................................................28
4. 4. Dng nhng t, cm t i nhau.....................................................................................29
4.5. Dng nhng t ng ng m............................................................................................30
4.6- Dng nhng t, cm t va ng m va ng ngha.....................................................31
4.7. Dng li tch t................................................................................................................32
4.8. Dng li b lng...............................................................................................................33
4. 9. Dng i t ngc chiu..............................................................................................34
4.10. Dng li ni c v mu thun:.......................................................................................35
4.11. Dng li ni thi qu......................................................................................................35
4. 12- Dng hnh nh c tnh cht biu trng..........................................................................36
4.13. Dng li ni nghch thng............................................................................................37
4.14. Dng t vay mn nc ngoi.......................................................................................38
1
DANH SCH T 3 SP VN 4B
1.
2.
3. Mai Th Tho
4. Trnh Th Tn
2
5. H Th Thnh
6. Phm nh Thnh
7. Bi Kim Thun
8. Hong Th Thy
9. Nguyn Th Thu Qunh
10.
11.
ng Ngc Nh Qunh
12.
Dng Th Thm
13.
Phan Th Thy
14.
15.
ng Th Thu
16.
Hunh Th L Thi
17.
18.
o Minh Tm
2.1.1- Qu trnh lp vn bn
Ti y xy ra hng lot thao tc la chn, trong c s la chn cu trc
tiu vn bn. Ty theo thi quen ca mi ngi cm bt, vic t tiu c th
xy ra trc hoc sau khi vn bn hon thnh, hoc c khi trc na hoc c
khi sau na.
Xt trong qu trnh to vn bn, tiu va m nhim chc nng ca mt
yu t d bo, ng thi li gnh vc nhim v ca mt yu t hi c.
Mt bi vit ch c gi l hon chnh, khi ta c th t cho n mt tiu
di dng ny hay dng khc. iu ni ln rng, tiu vn bn l yu t
m u nhng cng l biu tng kt thc trong qu trnh lp vn bn.
2.1.2- Qu trnh phn gii vn bn
Trc mt vn bn c th, ngi th ngn c th quyt nh c n, tc
gii m n, nhng cng c th gt n qua mt bn, c ngha khng tin hnh gii
m n. C ngha quyt nh i vi s la chn , khng th khng c vai tr
ca tiu vn bn. Bi v tiu vn bn l yu t u tin c ngi th ngn
tri gic. N c thc hin c chc nng kch thch hay khng, d nhin trc ht
ty thuc vo ni dung vn n cp c ph hp vi nhu cu ngi th ngn
hay khng, nhng cn mt nhn t khc rt quan trng, i khi ln t c ni dung
vn , l nhng nt tri thc hoc m cm quan yu tot ra t cu trc tiu .
Tiu vn bn l gc kim tra v thm nh vn bn. Da vo n, c
th xem xt s tng hp / bt tng hp gia ngha ca tiu vn bn v ni
dung vn bn, cng nh xem xt vn bn hon chnh cha, trn vn
cha,
Tiu vn bn l yu t u tin v cng l yu t cui cng chi phi qu
trnh th c vn bn.
10
Cu trc phi tuyn tnh c th phn xut ra lm 2 tiu loi: cu trc ni phi
tuyn v cu trc ngoi phi tuyn.
Nhng kt hp ngha phi tuyn tnh hoc lin tng ng ngha xy ra
trong lng ni b nt tiu th thuc v ni phi tuyn. Nhng lin tng ng
ngha hoc nhng kt hp gia ngha ca tiu vi mt yu t no bn
ngoi n u thuc v ngoi phi tuyn.
3- c im ngn ng ca cc tiu vn bn trong cc phong cch chc
nng
Mi phong cch ngn ng c c trng ring v ngn ng, cch t chc
vn bn nn TVB trc ht chu s chi phi bi phong cch ngn ng.
Tng ng vi tng phong cch ngn ng c mt s m hnh TVB vi cch
thc t chc ring m trn bnh din l thuyt th khng th ln ln. Tuy nhin
TVB cc th loi trong cng mt phong cch.
3.1- Tiu vn bn phong cch khoa hc
3.1.1- Nhn xt chung
Tiu vn bn (TVB) trong phong cch khoa hc k thut ( gi tt
l phong cch khoa hc) lun lun dng tnh, khng c tiu zero cng nh
khng dng cc loi du cu lm tiu . Chng c cu to ch yu l chui
li. K hiu ch s nu c, cng ch nhm phn on ni dung VB ch khng
t cch l TVB. Chui li ny c ni dung thng gp nht l ch
ngn, c mt s l khch ngn nhng ch tp trung nhiu nht TVB thuc
cc vn bn ph bin khoa hc, v mt t trong khoa hc x hi, nht l trong
b mn nghin cu khoa hc.
TVB trong phong cch khoa hc thng cha nhiu thut ng
chuyn mn. Cc thut ng ny hoc c t to hoc c dch ngha, hay
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12
13
khng phi l nhng t ng tnh thi chnh danh nhng hin nhin n bc l thi
ca ngi vit.
Cc TVB loi ny c mt s kiu m u gn ging nhau, c th tin
hnh m hnh ha c. Chng hn, tiu l t t danh t thng bt u bng
my (vi, mt s) kin (nhn xt, suy ngh, thu hoch) hoc vn (v vn
, v hin tng). Tiu l t t ng t thng bt u bng nhng ch th
(bc u, s b) nhn xt (nh gi, tm hiu, kho st, nghin cu, vn
dng)
Vn bn khoa hc x hi nhiu kh nng s dng tiu ph bn cnh
tiu chnh. Chng lin kt vi nhau bng cc kt t: hay, tc, hoc, hay l, tc
l. Cng c khi c phn gii vi nhau bng cc du ngoc. Chng hn: S s en hay l ci v v ngha l ca cuc i (Hong Thiu Sn, TCVH s
1990), Nh vn, bn c v hng ha hay vn hc v s d tr (Hunh Vn,
TCVH s 1990) D thy, tiu chnh trong cc v d l nhng khch ngn.
y cng l mt c im ca TVB trong cc khoa hc x hi.
Mt khc, trong TVB khoa hc x hi c n 17% kt cu chch chun
phong cch nh: Bng nghe vn thng vt ln cao (Ch Lan Vin, BT
CDTB, 1976).
TVB trong cc vn bn ph bin khoa hc.
Cc vn bn ph bin khoa hc cng phn nh hin thc bng nhng
thuc tnh c tnh quy lut nh trong phong cch khoa hc. Nhng loi vn bn
ny c cch din t nng v gii thch, nghing v chng minh thuyt phc bng
nhng minh ha n gin, gn gi vi cuc sng, ch khng phi bng nhng
nh . N l loi khoa hc dnh cho mi ngi nn i khi ngi vit phi hi
sinh tnh cht ch trong ni dung khi nim, t dng thut ng ct lm sao cho
cng chng rng ri nm c tinh thn c bn nht ca mt lnh vc vn chuyn
su no .
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16
17
20
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chui li nh danh, khng dng nhng hnh thc vn t khc nh du cu, tiu
zero. Song ni l khng c s tch bit, khc bit no th cng cha tht chnh
xc lm, bi khi tm hiu chng ta thy mt iu rng l cu trc tiu trong vn
bn k vn c i nt khc so vi tiu thuyt, truyn ngn v mc ngha khi
qut c th, v di ngn ca cu trc tiu vn bn ni chung. Tiu
vn bn trong th loi k thng cp n nhng a danh c th: H Ni Lm
ng (Phan Th Thanh Nhn)cho nn xt v mt ngha mc khi qut v
biu trng ca chng c phn thp hn so vi tiu ca truyn ngn, tiu thuyt.
Cn kt cu tiu ca truyn ngn, tiu thuyt c phn rt gn gi nhau.Nhng
cng phi tha nhn mt iu l c nhng tiu ch c th l ca truyn ngn
ch khng th l tiu thuytphi chng y c s can thip ca quy lut b
tr t nhin. Tiu thuyt c di vn bn ln hn nn tiu thng ngn hn,
ngha ca n c tm khi qut cao hn trong truyn ngn.
3.3.3- Tiu vn bn trong th ca
C th ni cu trc tiu vn bn trong th ca tp trung y tt c
nhng c trng trong phong cch ngh thut xt trn. V cc c trng ny
xut hin trong ngn ng ngh thut th vi tn sut rt cao. Tiu vn bn
trong th l mt pht ngn c t chc qui n nht. C l do xut pht t mc
ch gy s t m ch t to nn nhng suy ngm trn ci nn ca cm
xc thi ca, li phi lun chuyn theo yu cu d nh, d thuc, cc nh th to
nn nhng tiu vn bn c cu trc rt mi l.
Vic dng du cu lm tiu vn bn ch thong hoc xut hin trong tiu
phm thuc phong cch thng tn nhng trong thi ca li tr thnh mt c im
ph bin nh: Du hi (Trn Nht Tun), Chm than (Hi Phong).Tiu l
mt cu th cng chim t l ng k: Ti vn nghe tha thit ting ci tu (Hc
Thnh Hoa), Con a dc bn sng qu (V Thnh An)
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24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
nhau. Tuy nhin theo phng thc ny ngi vit cng nhm nhn mnh mt vn
no mt vn m sau khi c ht vn bn mi hiu ra c.
34
V d:
+ l ch cng tc...(TT 30-7-2008): l y l Thiu nhi TPHCM ni
li hay lm vic tt
Lin on nhip nh ngh thut th gii FIAP thng bo Vit Nam ginh
thng li ln ti cuc thi ny ti Slovakia. (VH 4-7-2008): cp n vic Vit
Nam ginh gii thng ln ti cuc thi nh en trng th gii ln th 29.
4.10. Dng li ni c v mu thun:
V d:
+ Khng ni...ni g? (TQ thng 12-1987): Khng ni l tn mt bi th ca
Nguyn nh Thi, Tm Dng phn tch ni dung ca n theo cch ca mnh.
T c v nh mu thun ny gy c s ch cho ngi c.
YNH1: Tuy bi th c tiu l khng ni nhng ni c nhiu lm
y!
+ iu bt bnh thng (Phm S Su)
YNH1: i vi ngi ngoi cuc, nhng thao thc trn tr khng thc thi
u l bt thng, nhng vi ngi trong cuc iu bt thng y tr thnh ngi
bnh thng.
+ i mi...ht hng (TT 20-2-1992)
YNH1: khng i mi g c, thm ch cn t hi hn i mi, hoc nhn
danh i mi quay v ci c.
+ Khch sn...ct (PN 25-7-2008):
YNH1: Thng thng hnh dung n khch sn th ngi ta ngh ngay n
kin trc ta nh p, c xy dng chc chn, tin nghi. Nhng tht bt ng,
khng phi l kin trc thng thng m khch sn c xy bng vt liu ct.
4.11. Dng li ni thi qu
Chng ta c th xp vo y hai phng thc nh tri ngc ngha nhau l :
khuch i v gim thiu. c bit chung ca chng ta l dng cch ni khng
35
bnh thng theo hai hng ngha hoc phng i hoc thu nh ti a nhm nhn
mnh mt chi tit no ca s kin c cp trong tiu .
Khuch i:
V d
+ Tnh yu ca mi tnh yu, ni lo ca mi ni lo( CA TPHCM 1990)
YNHH1: Tnh yu rt ln lao v i, mi lo toan rt su sc v tnh yu, ni lo
gn lin vi ci chung, thng ch c nhng bc v nhn.
+ Ngi cht 100 ln trc khi cht ( TMP s 1 v 2 1991).
YNH1: c nhiu ln x hi cho rng ( nh gi rng) cht ngay trong lc
sng, c nhiu ln ngi ta n rng cht.
+ qun qun , cu cu xiu ( KTNN s 1280)
YNH1: Hn l mt s vt ( v hnh hay hu hnh) no c sc cng ph
mnh lit ? Tnh yu chnh l ting st t xa n nay lm cho khng bit bao
nhiu con tim phi chao o.
Gim thiu:
V d:
+ Hnh phc i thng, con kin k ph v hnh phc ( HPHN thng 11- 1992).
+ Hn nhn gia nh, l nh m thuyn ( TN t 30 8 n 6 9- 1991)
YNH1: Trong hnh phc la i, i khi xut pht t nhng chi tit vt vnh
nhng cng c th l nguyn nhn ca s v.
* Cn thy trong lin ng vi s kin tnh thi c nhn mnh trong tiu ,
d l cng iu hay gim thiu th cc phng thc ny khng phi l mc ch
m ch l nhng phng tin gip cho s biu t i su vo bn cht ca s vt
nhm khc ha mt s thuc tnh no ca n.
36
V d
+ C gi g ca bnh minh ( TP 2-2-1991)
YNH1: Bnh minh bu trng cho ci mi m. Ngi goc ca ca bnh minh
phi lm c ci g sng to.
+ Nhng ngi i ti bin ( Thanh Tho)
YNH1: Bin l gii hn ca mt hnh trnh. Bin cn l biu tng cho hnh
tng ca nhn dn.
+ Nhng m thp nng ( Nguyn Th Thu Hu)
YNH1: m en thng biu trng cho cho hon cnh khn cng, tuyt vng,
nh nng v hy vng. Thp nng l trong hon cnh bi t vn ch i trong hi
vng.
+ Xun ny hp c nghn xun ( Hoi Anh)
YNH1: Ma xun l tng hp c c sc mnh ca nghn nm lch s, Xun
nm 1975.
+ H Ni m m rung ( Nguyn nh Thi, SCA TPHCM 21- 6- 1992)
YNH1: m m rung biu trng cho kh th cch mng.
+ Truy tm nhng nt nhc trong rng su ( D Tho, KTBK, NXB Tr, 1992)
YNH1: Nhng nt nhc rng su biu trng cho dng m nhc ca dn tc t
ngi.
+ Xun ny hn hn my xun qua (HCM)
Biu trng cho thnh tu ca nhng nm i mi so vi cc nm trc
+ Nhng m rm rp nh l t rung (TH)
Biu trng cho kh th v sc mnh vn ln ca dn tc.
+ i tm ht ngc n giu trong b su tm hn con ngi (NMC)
Biu trng cho v p bn trong tm hn con ngi.
4.13. Dng li ni nghch thng
Phng thc ny s dng nhng cch kt hp t ngu74 l v bt thng
to ra li l i v ngha, kch thch s ch ca ngi c.
37
Thy c bit (Nguyn Mnh Tun), nhi ng c (Nguyn Quang Sng), nhng c
gi c than v thin chc ngi ( PNTP-HCM 17-3-1993), qua cu xung
rung (TT.5-9-1992), Ni Bi - Ni bay (VNHNNV,22-2-1992)
y cng l phng thc kh phong ph v a dng. Cn c vo mc
nghch thng v hiu qu kch thch thm m , c th phn xut phng thc
ny lm hai tiu loi nh hn.
c im chung ca cc tiu d trn l s dng cc cch ng ngha nghch
thng to nn ngha hm n. Cn ghi nhn, li ni nghch thuongg72 l kt
qu ca s la chn cn nhc ca ngi vit cho d khng t trng hp c
quy chiu t hin thc nh : Chng ha s khochn (LAcN, 31-10-1992) tiu
ch ngi b thng mt tay phi dung chn v. Con gu c 60 ci mt
(SKLHPT,Almanach 1991), tiu th hai ch s cy mt gu nhn to cha
bnh. C gi lm m ca cha mnh (Bch Ngc)v tiu cui cng cp s
vic con gi vua h Charlot ng vai ngi m ca ng (tc l ni ca mnh)
trong mt phim mi sn xut.
Tnh cht nghch thng nh mt ch nh ca ngi lp vn bn qu r rang
trong cc tiu thuc nhm u. Cn 3 tiu sau, tuy c quy chiu l hin thc
nhng vn l ni dung cn din t. nhng cho d th no i na, cc tiu c
kt hp nghch thng trn y l u l nhng pht ngn c cha ngha hm
n.
4.14. Dng t vay mn nc ngoi
+ Ngh v Batsana (L Hoi Xun
YNH1: Batsana l nhn vt ng vin cng sn trong quy lut ca mun i
ca umbatz (Lin x c)
+ Hia (TTC 12- 1993)
YNH1: Hia (here) c ngha l y
+ I- M X-Ct, Tr chi bt hnh ca tui mi ln (TSYT s 3/BM)
YNH1: Mecnoctal v Secconal l hai loi thuc kch thch
38
thng
Dng hnh thc kin
7.
h m m
2.
Dng t ng m
8.
Dng li ni b lng
3.
Dng t, cm t va
9.
Dng
ng m, va ng ngha
chiu
4.
10.
li
ngc
Dng li ni c v mu
thun
5.
Dng li ni tch t
11.
6.
Dng nhng t, cm
t i nhau
12.
Dng li ni thi qu
Dng hnh nh c tnh
Dng li ni nghch
42
thng
14.
Dng t vay mn nc
ngoi
15.
Dng li ni n d
16.
Dng li ni v von
17.
Dng li ni nhn ha
18.
Dng li o cu trc
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