CHUYN : HIROCACBON THM I. PHN T LUN Bi 1.

Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng phn hirocacbon thm c cng thc phn t C8H10; C9H12. Bi 2. Vit cng thc cu to cc hirocacbon c cng thc cu to sau: a, 3-etyl-1-isopropylbenzen b, 1,2-ibenzyleten c, 2-phenylbutan d, iphenylmetan Bi 3.Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra khi cho isopropylbenzen ln lt tc dng vi cc cht sau: a, Br2/nh sng b, Br2/Fe c, H2/Ni, t0 d, dung dch KMnO4, to. Bi 4. Vit phng trnh ho hc (nu c) khi cho stiren ln lt tc dng vi cc cht sau: dung dch brom, dung dch KMnO4 long, m c un nng, H2(xc tc Pb 250C), ng trng hp vi butaien. Bi 5. T axetilen vit phung trnh ho hc iu ch stiren. Bi 6. Cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C9H8. A c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br2, tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 v tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 un nng c axit benzoic. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho. Bi 7. T toluen vit phng trnh ho hc to thnh: a, metylxiclohexan b, axit m-nitrobenzoic c, axit- nitrobenzoic Bi 8. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng: a, Isopropylbenzen + Br2/Fe b, Propylbenzen + KMnO4 Bi 9. Bng phng php ho hc hy phn bit cc cht lng : stiren, phenylaxetilen, toluen, bezen Bi 10. Cho 3 cht : benzen, toluen v stiren a, Nu cch nhn ra cc l mt nhn ng tng cht ring bit. b, tinh ch benzen c ln mt lng nh toluen v stiren. C, Tch stiren ra khi hn hp vi toluen v benzen. Bi 11. t chy hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp 2 hidrocacbon ng dng lien tip X v Y thu c 4,928 lt CO2 (ktc). Hi ca 7,25 gam hn hp ny chim th tch ca 2,4 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin to, p) A, Xc nh cng thc phn t v % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp. B, Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc cht c th c. Bit X khng lm mt mu nc Brom C, Xc nh cng thc cu to ng ca Y, bit khi Y tc dng vi dd KMnO4 un nng thu c axit benzoic. D, T benzen vit phng trnh ho hc iu ch Y theo 2 cch. Cho bit cch no thun li hn. Bi 12. Hirocacbon X tc dng vi nc brom d to thnh dn xut tetrabrom cha 75,8% brom v khi lng. Cn khi cng vi brom theo t l mol 1:1 th thu c mt cp ng phn cis-trans. 1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca X 2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng khi cho X tc dng vi : a. Dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 long. b. Hirat ho trong mi trng H2SO4 lang. Bi 13.A, B l hai hirocacbon c cng CTPT . t chy hon ton mt t cht A thu c CO2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch l 5:2. Cho m gam cht A bay hi th thu c mt th tich hi bng th tch ca m gam kh O2(o cng iu kin). Xc inh CTCT ca A v B bit A tc dng vi dung dch brom theo t l 1:3, B khng tc dng vi dung dch brom. Bi 14. C mt hp cht hu c A ch cha hai nguyn t, A c phn t khi 150< MA< 170. t chy hon ton m gam A sinh ra m gam H2O. A khng lm mt mu nc brom cng khng tc dng vi brom khi c mt bt st, nhng li phn ng vi brom khi chiu sngto thnh mt dn xut monobrom duy nht. un nng A vi mt lng d dung dch KMnO4, ri axit ho bng axit HCl. a. Xc nh cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t ca A b. Xc inh cng thc cu to ca A, vit cc phng trnh phn ng c. Nu phng php iu ch A xut pht te kh thin nhin v cc cht v c cn thit. Bi 15. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon A, t l mol ca CO2 v H2O to thnh sau phn ng l 9:4. Khi ho hi 116 gam A th th tch hi chim 22,4 lit nu quy v iu kin tiu chun. Mt khc A tc dng vi dung dch Brom theo t l 1: 2 v s mol, to kt ta khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 v khi oxi ho A bng dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 long th to c axit thm cha 26,23% oxi v khi lng. Tm CTPT, CTCT. Vt phng trnh phn ng Bi 16. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp gm ba hirocacbon ng phn A, B, C khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Hp th ton b sn phm vo 575 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 2M, thu c kt ta v khi lng dung

dch tng thm 50,8 gam, cho Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch thu c, kt ta li tng thm , tng khi lng kt ta ca hai ln l 243,05 gam. a. Xc nh CTPT ca ba hirocacbon b. Xc nh CTCT ca A, B, C bit: - Khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO4 d trong H2SO4 long A v B cho cng sn phm C9H6O6; C cho sn phm C8H6O4. - KHi un nng vi brom c mt bt st A ch cho mt sn phm monobrom. Cn B, C mi cht cho hai sn phm monobrom. c. Vit phng trnh phn ng cu b Bi 17. Toluen v benzen phn ng c vi cht no sau y: (1) dung dch brom trong CCl4, (2) dung dch kali penmanganat, (3) hiro c xc tc Ni, un nng, (4) Br2 c bt Fe, un nng? Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra. Bi 18. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra trong mi trng hp sau: a. Toluen tc dng vi hiro c xc tc Ni, p sut cao, un nng. b. un nng benzen vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c. c. Benzen tc dng vi axit HNO3 m c d. Benzen tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c e. Trng hp stiren g. Stiren tc dng vi nc brom , vi H2 d h. Stiren tc dng vi H2 (theo t l s mol 1:1, xc tc Ni). f. stiren vi H2O (xc tc H2SO4) Bi 19. Vit CTCT v gi tn cchidrocacbon thm c CTPT : C7H8, C8H9, C9H12. Bi 20. Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit cc cht v vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng dng. a. benzen, hex -1- en v toluen. b. benzen, stiren, toluen v hex-1-in. Bi 22. Gii thch hin tng sau: xng v du thp c mi c trng d nhn trong khi vazlin v parafin (nn) sch khng c mi r rt. Bi 23. Mt hidrocacbon A th lng c t khi hi i vi khng kh bng 2,7. a. t chy A thu c CO2 v hi H2O theo t l khi lng 4,9:1. Tm CTPT ca A b. Cho A tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1:1, c mt bt Fe, thu c B v kh C. Kh C c hp th bi 2l dd NaOH 0,5M. trung ho NaOH d cn 0,5l dd HCl. Tnh khi lng ca A v B. Bi 24. Hirocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 3,17. t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 c khi lng bng 4,28 ln khi lng H2O. nhit thng, X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Khi un nng, X lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4. a. Tm cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca X. b. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng gia X v H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng), vi brom (c mt bt Fe), vi hn hp d ca axit HNO3 v axit H2SO4 m c. Bi 25. Cho benzen tc dng vi lng d HNO3 c c xc tc H2SO4 c iu ch nitrobenzen. vi hiu sut 78,0%. a . Tnh khi lng nitrobenzen thu c khi dng 100 kg benzen b. Tnh khi lng benzen cn thit iu ch c 100 kg nitrobenzen Bi 26. Khi tch hiro ca 132,50 kg etylbenzen thu c 104,00 kg stiren. Tin hnh phn ng trng hp ton b lng stiren ny thu c hn hp A gm polistiren v phn stiren cha tham gia phn ng. Bit 10,40 gam A va lm mt mu ca 60,00 ml dung dch brom 0,3M. a. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tch hiro ca etylbenzen. b. Tnh khi lng stiren trng hp. c. Polistiren c phn t khi trung bnh bng 3,12.105. Tnh h s trng hp trung bnh ca polime. Bi 27. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc hirocacbon thm c cng thc phn t C8H10, C8H8. Trong s cc ng phn , ng phn no phn ng c vi: dung dch brom, hiro bromua? Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. Bi 28. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng iu ch etilen, axetilen t metan, iu ch clobenzen v nitrobenzen v cc cht v c khc. Bi 29. Cho 92,0 kg toluen tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c, d (xc tc axit H2SO4 c) to thnh 2,4,6trinitrotoluen (TNT). Bit hiu sut phn ng t 90%. Hy tnh: a. Khi lng TNT thu c. b. Khi lng axit HNO3 phn ng.

Bi 30. Ankylbenzen X c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 91,31% a. Tm cng thc phn t ca X. b. Vit cng thc cu to, gi tn cht X. Bi 31. Mt loi kh thin nhin c thnh phn phn trm v th tch cc kh nh sau: 85,0% metan, 10,0% etan, 2,0% nit v 3,0% cacbon ioxit. a. Tnh th tch kh (o iu kin tiu chun) cn un nng 100,0 lt nc t 20,0 0C ln 100,00C, bit nhit lng to ra khi t 1mol metan, 1 mol etan ln lt bng 880,0kJ, 1560,0kJ v nng 1 ml nc ln 1 cn 4,18J. b. Nu chuyn c ton b hirocacbon trong 1,000.103 m3 kh trn (ktc) thnh axetilen, sau thnh vinyl clorua vi hiu sut ton b qu trnh bng 65,0% th s thu c bao nhiu kilogam vinyl clorua? Bi 32.Mt loi kh thin nhin cha 85% metan, 10% etan, 5% nit. Tnh th tch khng kh cn t chy hon ton 1m3 kh . Cho ton b kh sau khi chy qua bnh cha dd KOH. Tnh khi lng K2CO3 thu c (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Bi 33. Tnh lng clobenzen thu c khi cho 15,6g benzen tc dng ht vi clo (xt bt Fe) hiu sut phn ng t 80% . Bi 34. t chy hon ton 5,36g hn hp X gm etilen v benzen th cn va 17,28g kh oxi. a. Tnh % khi lng mi kh trong hh ban u b. Tnh th tch kh CO2 thu c kc c. Nu dn ton b lng CO2 thu c vo 300ml dd KOH 2M Th thu c nhng mui g? Khi lng mi mui l bao nhiu? Bi 35. Cho 23kg toluen tc dng vi hn hp gm 88kg HNO3 66% v 74kg H2SO4 96%. Gi s toluen v trinitro toluen c tch ht khi hh axit cn d. Tnh khi lng TNT thu c v khi lng ca hh axit cn d. Bi 36. Hn hp M cha benzen v xiclohexen c th lm mt mu ti a 75g dd brom 3,2%. Nu t chy hon ton hh M v hp th tt c sn phm chy vo dd Ca(OH)2d th thu c 21g kt ta. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong hh M. C 2 H 4, xt ,t 0 xt ,t 0 Bi 37. t benzen iu ch stiren theo s sau : C6H6 C6H5-CH2-CH3 C6H5-CH=CH2 a. Tnh khi lng stiren thu c t 780 kg benzen, bit hiu sut c qu trnh 80% b. Tnh khi lng benzen cn thit iu ch c 208 kg stiren, bit hiu sut c qu trnh 90% c. Tnh khi lng stiren thu c t 780 kg benzen, bit hiu sut phng trnh (1) l 80%, phng trnh (2) l 90%. II. PHN TRC NGHIM Cu1: t chy hon ton hirocacbon X ngi ta thu c CO2 v H2O theo ti l m CO2 :m H2O = 22 : 4, 5 . Bit X khng lm mt mu nc brom. X l hirocacbon no trong s cc hrocacbon di y ? A. C2H2 B. C6H14 C. C6H6 D. C6H5CH3 Cu 2: Hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t C8H10 khng lm mt mu dung dch brom . Khi un nng X vi dung dch thuc tm to thnh C7H5KO2(N). Cho N tc dng vi dung dch HCl to thnh hp cht C7H6O2. X c tn gi no sau y? A.1,2-imetylbezen B.1,3-imetylbezen C.1,4-imetylbezen D. etylbenzen Cu 3: Cho 15,6 g C6H6 tc dng ht vi Cl2 (xc tc bt st). Nu hiu sut ca phn ng l 80% th khi lng clobenzen thu c l bao nhiu? A. 18g B. 19g C. 20g D. 21g Cu 4: Khi cho clo tc dng vi 78 gam benzen (bt st lm xc tc) ngi ta thu c 78 gam clobenzen. Hiu sut ca phn ng l: A. 69,33% B. 71% C. 72,33% D. 79,33% Cu 5: Khi phn tch nguyn t ca hirocacbon Y cho kt qu 9,44%H; 90,56% C . Y ch tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1: 1 un nng c bt st lm xc tc. Y c CTPT l: A.C8H8 B. C8H10 C. C9H12 D. C6H6 Cu 6: Stiren ( A) CnH2n-6 B) CnH2n-8
CH CH2

) c cng thc tng qut l: C) CnH2n-10 D) CnH2n-6-2k

Cu 7: Naptalen ( ) c cng thc phn t l: A) C10H6 B) C10H10 C) C10H12 D) Tt c u khng ng

Cu 8: Vi cng thc phn t C9H12, s ng phn thm c th c l: A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 7 Cu 9: Cu no sai trong cc cu sau: A. Benzen c kh nng tham gia phn ng th tng i d hn phn ng cng. B. Benzen tham gia phn ng th d hn ankan. C. Cc ng ng ca benzen lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm khi un nng. D. Cc nguyn t trong phn t benzen cng nm trn mt mt phng. Cu 10:Cho hn hp A gm cc hi v kh: 0,1 mol Benzen; 0,2 mol Toluen; 0,3 mol Stiren v 1,4 mol Hiro vo mt bnh kn, c cht xc tc Ni. un nng bnh kn mt thi gian, thu c hn hp B gm cc cht: Xiclohexan, Metyl xiclohexan, Etyl xiclohexan, Benzen, Toluen, Etyl benzen v Hiro. t chy hon ton lng hn hp B trn, ri cho hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi c d, hp th ht sn phm chy. tng khi lng bnh ng nc vi l: A) 240,8 gam B) 260,2 gam C) 193,6 gam D) Khng d kin tnh . Cu 11: Cho 6,9 gam mt ankylbenzen X phn ng vi brom (xc tc Fe) thu c 10,26 gam hn ho 2 dn xut monobrom. Bt mi dn xut monobrom u cha 46,784% brom trong phn t. a. X, Y l: A. toluen; p-brmtoluen v m-bromtoluen C. Etylbenzen; p-brometyletylbenzen v m-bromtoluen B.toluen; p-brmtoluen v o-bromtoluen D.Etylbenzen; p-brometyletylbenzen v o-bromtoluen b. Hiu sut chung ca qu trnh brom ho l: A.60% B.70% C.80% D.85% Cu 12: Hiro ho 49gam hn hp A gm benzen v naphtalenbng H2(xc tc thch hp ) thu c 39,72 gam hn hp sn phm B gm xiclohexan v calin a. Thnh phn % khi lng ca xiclohexan trong B (ga thit hiu sut hiro ho benzen v naphtalen ln lt bng 70%, 80%) l: A. 29,6% B. 33,84% C. 44,41% D. 50,76% b. Th tch H2 phn ng (ktc): A. 11,2 lt B. 32,032 lt C. 34,048 lt D. 42,56 lt Cu 13: hiro ho etylbenzen thu c stiren vi hiu sut l 60%. hiro ho butan thu c butaien vi hiu sut l 45%. Trng hp butaien v stiren thu c sn phm A c tnh n hi rt cao vi hiu sut 75%. iu ch c 500kg sn phm A cn khi lng butan v etylbezen l bao nhiu kg? A. 544 v 745 B.754 v 544 C. 335,44 v 183,54 D. 183,54 v 335,44 Cu 14: t chy hon ton 26,5 gam mt ankylbezen X cn 29,4 lt khng kh (ktc). Oxi ho X thu c axit benzoic. Gi thit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit. X l: A. toluen B. o-metyltoluen C. eylbenzen D. o-etyltoluen Cu 15: hiro ho 13,25 gam etylbenzen thu oc 10,4 gam stiren, trng hp lng stiren ny thu c hn ho A gm polistiren vaf stiren d. Lng A tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch Brom 03M. a. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l: A. 75% B. 80% C. 85% D. 90% b. Hi sut ca phn ng trng hp l: A. 60% B70% C. 75% D. 85% c. Khi lng stiren thu oc l: A. 6,825 gam B. 7,28 gam C. 8,16 gam D. 9,36 gam d. Bit khi lng mol trung bnh ca politiren bng 31200 gam. H s trng hp ca polistiren l : A. 2575 B. 2750 C. 3000 D. 3500