CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI

KHOA C KH
B MN K THUT MY

==========***********==========

BO CO CHUYN CNC
TM HIU G TRN MY CNC
Nhm sinh vin thc hin : Nhm 04
Nguyn Ngc Quyt
o Duy Thanh
Vng Khc Nht
Lp : C in T - K46
Trng : i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti
GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn

H Ni 10/2009
GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn

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LI M U

h chng ta bit trn cc my cng c thng thng v c bit

l trn my cng CNC th g l b phn quan trng v khng th
thiu c. Cht lng sn phm c kh, nng sut lao ng v gi
thnh l nhng ch tiu quan trng trong sn xut c kh. m
bo cc ch tiu trn, trong qu trnh ch to cc sn phm c kh, ngoi my ct
kim loi (my cng c) v dng c ct, chng ta cn cn c g v cc dng c
ph (gi l trang b cng ngh). Trang b cng ngh ng vai tr rt quan trng,
nh n sn xut c kh c th m bo nng sut v nng cao cht lng, tng
nng sut v h gi thnh sn phm.
c bit trong thi bui cng ngh ang pht trin, sn xut khng cn l
c kh n thun na, n c tch hp iu khin, cc h thng truyn lc c
iu khin m bo chnh xc gia cng cao, nng sut ln, chng ta c th d
thy my cng c CNC (Computer Numerical Control). V vy g trn my
CNC c ci tin c th iu khin t ng, d dng tho lp, t
chnh xc cao, ph hp vi tc lm vic ln ca my v m bo tnh kinh t.
Cng v l do nh vy nn nhm chng em cng nhau tm hiu v cc
thit b g trn my CNC hiu r hn v n, nghin cu k v k thut cng
nh nguyn l lm vic ca g.

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MC LC
PHN I :GII THIU CHUNG V G TRN MY CNG C
CNC.......................................................................................................................5
c im ca g trn my cng c CNC :.........................................5
Yu cu i vi chi tit gia cng trn cc my CNC :............................5
Phn loi g trn my CNC : .............................................................6
g vn nng khng iu chnh :....................................................6
g vn nng iu chnh :................................................................9
g chuyn dng iu chnh :..........................................................9
g vn nng lp ghp : .............................................................10
g lp ghp iu chnh :...............................................................11
g chuyn dng :..........................................................................12
PHN II: TM HIU V G TRN MY TIN............................14
2.1. g trn my tin CNC:..............................................................14
2.1.1. Mm cp:.................................................................................17
2.1.2. Kp rt : ..................................................................................19
2.1.3. Tc cp-Mi tm :...................................................................20
2.1.4. Trc g bung:...........................................................................22
2.1.5. Mn hoa :.................................................................................23
2.1.6. Luy-nt :...................................................................................24
PHN III : TM HIU V G TRN MY PHAY.....................25
3.1 Gii thiu chung .............................................................................25
3.2 g kp c kh ............................................................................27
3.2.1 Bn kp.....................................................................................27
3.2.2 u phn ..............................................................................28
3.2.3 -t...........................................................................................28
3.3 g kp thy lc v kh nn .......................................................31
3.3.1 -t kh nn ,thy lc...............................................................31
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2.2.3 g kp bng t tnh .............................................................36

PHN II : MT S LOI G C BIT:....................................37
2.1. g bn xoay:..............................................................................37
Phn loi :..............................................................................................37
Loi tiu chun :................................................................................37
2.1.2. Loi bn xoay c ng c lp pha sau :.................................38
2.1.3. Loi bn xoay c l trc chnh ln :.......................................39
2.1.4. Loi bn xoay c nhiu trc :................................................39
2.1.5. Loi bn xoay nghing :.........................................................40
ng dng :.............................................................................................41

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PHN I :GII THIU CHUNG V G TRN MY CNG

C CNC
c im ca g trn my cng c CNC :
Mt trong nhng c im chnh ca my cng c CNC l tnh chnh xc
rt cao. g trn cc my nh hng rt ln ti chnh xc gia cng bi
v sai s chun khi nh v chi tit trn g l mt trong nhng thnh phn sai
s tng cng. g trn my CNC phi m bo chnh xc g t cao hn
cc g trn my vn nng thng thng. m bo chnh xc g t
phi chn chun sao cho sai s chun bng 0, sai s kp cht phi c gi tr nh
nht, im t ca lc phi trnh gy bin dng cho chi tit gia cng.
Cc my CNC c cng vng rt cao, do g trn cc my
khng c lm gim cng vng ca h thng cng ngh khi s dng my
vi cng sut ti a. iu c ngha l g trn cc my CNC phi c
cng vng ln hn cc g thng thng khc. V vy, g trn cc my
CNC phi c ch to t thp hp kim vi phng php ti b mt.
Khi gia cng trn my CNC, cc dch chuyn ca my v dao c bt
u t gc ta , do trong nhiu trng hp g phi m bo s nh
hng hon ton ca chi tit gia cng, c ngha l phi hn ch tt c cc bc t
do khi nh v g trn my (phi nh hng g trn c hai phng ngang
v dc ca bn my).
Trn cc my CNC ngi ta c gng gia cng c nhiu b mt chi tit
vi mt ln g t, do cc c cu nh v v kp cht ca g khng c
nh hng n dng c ct khi chuyn b mt dng c gia cng. Phng php
kp cht c hiu qu nht l kp cht b mt i din vi b mt nh v.

Yu cu i vi chi tit gia cng trn cc my CNC :

Chi tit gia cng trn my CNC nh hng n kt cu ca g, do
phi m bo c nhng yu cu sau y:
+ Chi tit gia cng phi c nhng b mt chun tt m bo chnh xc
v n nh g t, ng thi chi tit phi c b mt thun tin cho vic kp
cht, khng gy bin dng chi tit.
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+ khng phi dng g ph th chi tit khng nn c b mt nghing

v gc nghing.
+ m bo chnh xc g t cao, chi tit phi c nh v theo 3 b
mt. Trong trng hp ny c th dng cc b mt qua gia cng trn cc my
vn nng nh v.
+ Nu chi tit gia cng khng cho php nh v theo 3 b mt th nh v
theo mt b mt v hai l, khong cch cc l phi cch xa nhau v c bng
cp 7.

Phn loi g trn my CNC :

g vn nng khng iu chnh
g vn nng iu chnh
g chuyn dng iu chnh
g vn nng lp ghp
g lp ghp iu chnh
g chuyn dng
g vn nng khng iu chnh :
Loi g ny c cc chi tit c iu chnh c nh g nhiu loi
chi tit gia cng khc nhau trong sn xut n chic v lot nh. l cc loi
mm cp c dng truyn mmen xon cho chi tit gia cng. C 3 loi mm
cp thng c dng trn cc my tin CNC (ngoi mm cp 3 v 4 chu
thng dng).

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Hnh 1: Mm cp 3 chu

Hnh 2: Mn cp 4 chu

Mn cp ly tm (mm cp qun tnh):

Loi mm cp ny c hai hoc ba chu kp. Cc chu l nhng chi tit
c lp vi nhau, khi quay di tc dng ca lc ly tm chng kp cht chi tit
v nh lc cn t hm m chi tit gia cng khng b x dch d b tc dng ca
lc ct.
Mm cp c chn mt u cng :
Mm cp c chn mt u cng xc nh chnh xc mt u ca tt c cc
chi tit gia cng theo truc Z. Lc kp chi tit sinh ra nh mi tm sau. Nu mt
u ca chi tit khng vung gc vi tm ca n th cc mt u n vo chi tit
gia cng khng u nhau, iu lm gim mmen xon c truyn t trc
chnh ca my.

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Hnh 3: 1 Thn; 2 L xo; 3 Mi tm; 4 Chi tit t mt u

5 Chn mt u bng hp kim cng; 6 Chi tit gia cng

Mm cp c chn mt u ty ng :
Cc mt u c dng trn xoay c lp vo l c cha cht do. Khi chi
tit gia cng c kp cht t mi tm sau, mt u bn tri ca chi tit y cc
chn mt u v bn tri v lm cho p lc ca cht do tng ln. Nh vy, tt
c cc chn mt u u tip xc vi chn mt u chi tit cn gia cng v lc
kp tc ng ln cc chn hu nh bng nhau. Mm cp mt u c chn ty
ng to ra mmen xon ln hn so vi mm cp mt u cng. Loi mm cp
ny c th dng kp chi tit gia cng th. S chn mt u c th l 8, 10, 12
v.v.

Hnh 4: 1 L xo; 2 Thn; 3 Cht do

4 Chn mt u; 5 Mi tm

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g vn nng iu chnh :
Kt cu g vn nng iu chnh gm phn g c s v phn chi tit
thay i iu chnh. Cc chi tit thay i iu chnh c kt cu n gin v gi
thnh ch to khng cao. g vn nng iu chnh c s dng trong sn
xut hng lot nh, c bit l khi thc hin gia cng nhm. Trn my tin CNC
g vn nng iu chnh l cc mm cp 3 chu thay i iu chnh (thay i
cc chu kp).

Hnh 5: Mm cp 3 chu thay i hiu chnh

g chuyn dng iu chnh :

g chuyn dng iu chnh cho php g t mt s loi chi tit in
hnh c kch thc khc nhau. Kt cu ca g gm hai phn chnh:
+ Phn g c s
+ Phn chi tit thay i
g ny cho php thay i chi tit gia cng ngoi vng lm vic ca
my. Phm vi ng dng c hiu qu ca g l dng trong sn xut hng lot.

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Hnh 6: Cc dng chi tit gia cng: l kch thc iu chnh

S g t: 1 Thn c s; 2,4 Trc g; 3,5 Chi tit nh v;
6 Rnh nh hng; 7 Cht

g trn (Hnh 6) c dng gia cng chi tit dng cng, dng chu
kp, v.v
g (Hnh 6) gm thn c s 1; cc chi tit thay i: trc g 2, trc
g 4; cc chi tit nh v 3 v 5. g c nh v trn bn my bng u g 2
v cht 7. Chi tit gia cng c nh v bng mt phng trn cc chi tit nh v
3 v 5 vi cc mt l trn hai trc 2 v 4. Chi tit c kp cht bng hai m c.
Cc chi tit thay i 4 v 5 c lp t v iu chnh theo rnh nh hng 6
ca g. Kch thc iu chnh l (khong cch gia cc l tm ca chi tit gia
cng). Nu dng g g t chi tit dng chu kp theo mt l v rnh then
th dng trc g 2 v rnh then.
g vn nng lp ghp :
Thnh phn ca g vn nng lp ghp l nhng chi tit chun c
ch to vi chnh xc cao. Cc chi tit ny c rnh then lp ghp. Sau khi
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gia cng mt s loi chi tit no ngi ta tho g ra v lp ghp li g

t chi tit khc. Do chnh xc ca chi tit rt cao cho nn sau khi lp ghp
khng phi gia cng b sung. Thi gian lp ghp mt g mi khong 34
gi.
Hnh l g vn nng - lp ghp. to thnh g ngi ta em cc
chi tit (Hnh 7) lp li vi nhau v ly lm chi tit c s.
Trn cc my phay, my khoan CNC ngi ta s dng g vn nng lp ghp c kh vi cc c cu kp thy lc.
g vn nng lp ghp c dng trong cc my CNC trong iu kin
sn xut n chic hng lot nh.

Hnh 7: Kt cu; b) S ; c) Cc chi tit

C cu t vi cht nh v; 2 c cu nh v; 3 m kp; 4 ai c kp
5 phin t mt bn; 6 phin t mt y; 7 phin t mt u

g lp ghp iu chnh :
Loi g ny c dng trn cc my phay CNC v cc my khoan
CNC. Trn chi tit c s ( g) ngi ta gia cng cc h l lp ghp cc
chi tit nh v v kp cht khi mun to thnh g mi (trn g vn
nng lp ghp c cc rnh lp ghp).

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H l trn g lp ghp iu chnh m bo chnh xc, cng

vng v n nh cao hn h rnh trn g vn nng lp ghp. (Hnh 8) l
cc g lp ghp iu chnh.

Hnh 8: g lp ghp iu chnh

g chuyn dng :
Thng thng loi g ny c s dng trong sn xut hng lot ln
v hng khi. Kt cu ca g ch c dng gia cng mt loi chi tit nht
nh. Trn cc my CNC loi g ny ch c dng trong nhng trng hp
khng th dng c cc loi g iu chnh. Kt cu ca g nh vy phi
tht n gin nng cao hiu qu kinh t khi s dng.

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Hnh 9: t my

Hnh 10: Bn xoay

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PHN II: TM HIU V G TRN MY TIN

2.1. g trn my tin CNC:
Yu cu g trn my tin CNC:
Thao tc nhanh v n gin
Kh nng s dng a dng
Thay i d dng cc phn t kp
chnh xc cao khi kp li
Vic kp bng tay thng din ra trn my cng c vn nng. iu ny
i hi ngi cng nhn hao tn nhiu sc lc. gim thi gian ph v gim
nh vic kp cho ngi cng nhn, cc thit b kp chuyn dng c pht
trin cho tng phng tin kp. C nhiu phng php to ra lc kp:
C cu kp c kh.
Thit b kp thy lc
Thit b kp kh nn
Thit b kp bng in
C cu kp c kh :
Thng s dng c cu thanh chm hay c cu n by. Nhng c cu
kp ny thng s dng trn my tin.

Hnh 11:Mm cp vi c cu kp thanh chm

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Hnh 12: Mm cp vi c cu kp n by

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Thit b kp thy lc :
to ra lc kp v chuyn ng cn thit bng pttng thy lc. cc thit b
ny thng c iu khin bi cc van tc ng bng tay. Lc kp c th iu
khin chnh xc v c c bi mt c cu hin th. Mc d thit b kp thy
lc i hi k thut phc tp nhng chng hon ton c tin cy.

Hnh 13: Thit b kp thy lc

Thit b kp kh nn :
c vn hnh bng khng kh vi p lc. chng lm vic tng t nh
thit b kp thy lc. my nn kh c s dng to ra kh nn.

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Hnh 14: Thit b kp kh nn

Thit b kp bng in :
vi chuyn ng quay to ra lc kp bng h thng n khp trc vt
bnh vt. Chng c kh nng iu chnh nhanh kp c cc ng knh khc
nhau ca chi tit.
Trc xoay c kha trong sut qu trnh kp v tho kp bi ly hp in
t trong thit b kp, v th ton b mmen kp c truyn n mm cp

Hnh 15: C cu kp bng in

By gi ta s i tm hiu c th mt s loi g thng dng trn my

tin CNC, ta c th k mt s loi g nh sau:
1. Mm cp
2. Kp rt
3. Tc cp-Mi chng tm
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4. Trc g bung
5. Mm hoa
6. Luy-nt
2.1.1. Mm cp:
Mm cp c phn bit da v s chu kp l mm cp 2 chu, mm cp
3 chu v mm cp 4 chu. Mm cp 3 chu t nh tm thng c s dng
nhiu nht. Chng m bo g nhng phi tin trn ng tm mt cch chc
chn v nhanh chng. Mm cp 4 chu dng kp nhng phi tin c 4, 8 hay
12 cnh v nhng phi tin trn

Hnh 16: Mm cp 3 chu t nh tm

Hnh 17: Mm cp 4 chu

Cc chu kp thng c ti cng v c dng bc. Cc chu kp c th

iu chnh do vy kp c cc chi tit c ng knh khc nhau. Bng cch
thay i cc chu kp, chi tit tin c th c kp t bn trong hoc bn ngoi.
S truyn lc kp thng da trn nguyn l ca a xon c hoc thanh
nm.
Truyn lc kp bng a xon c :
mm cp v a xon c c lc kp nh, v b mt tip xc gia a xon
v chu kp qu nh.

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Hnh 18: Mm cp vi a xon c

Hnh 19: H thng truyn lc kp

Nhc im ca mm cp a xon c l khi thay i cc chu kp phi

c tho ri ton b khi mm cp.

Hnh 20: Cc b phn ca mm cp a xon c

Nguyn tc hot ng: Quay bnh rng nh (4) lm a xon c (5)

quay, do chu kp (3) s chuyn ng v pha tm ca trc chnh v kp chi
tit gia cng.

Truyn lc kp bng nm :
Mm cp s dng thanh nm c kh nng thay i cc chu kp mt cch
nhanh chng v to ra lc kp ln hn so vi mm cp vi a xon c.
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Hnh 21: Cc b phn ca mm cp dng thanh nm

Nguyn tc hot ng : Thng qua cha kha (90) quay truc (27) vo
thanh nm (56). Thanh nm (56-2) quay dch chuyn a dn (23) qua st trt
(28). Hai st trt (28) truyn lc tip ti thanh nm khc (56-1). Cc thanh nm
vi cc bin dng chy nghing ngm vo phn ca chu kp (24GB) v dn
chng vo hng tm.
2.1.2. Kp rt :
Kp rt c kh nng kp chi tit c dng hnh tr mt cch chnh xc v
nhanh chng. Chi tit c kp bn ngoi bi kp rt. Kp rt thng ch c
ng dng cho nhng chi tit gia cng c cng ng knh hoc c kch thc
tng ng v n c mt phm vi iu chnh hng knh rt nh. N c s
dng c bit trong gia cng lot ln.

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Hnh 22: Kp rt

2.1.3. Tc cp-Mi tm :
Kp gia hai mi chng tm c ng dng cho nhng chi tit di. Chi
tit gia cng phi c khoan mt v khoan tm c hai mt.

Hnh 23: Kp bng mi chng tm

Kp bng mi chng tm c th c phn bit theo cc kh nng sau,

cn c vo c im k thut gia cng :
Tc mt u cng vi mi tm quay hay mi tm c nh
Tc kp c vng bo v cng vi mi tm quay hay mi tm c
nh
Tc mt u thng c gn trn trc chnh. N c s dng khi phi
gia cng ton b b mt tr ca chi tit. Chi tit c kp gia tc mt u v
ng. Nhc im ca tc mt u l ch truyn c mmen quay nh.

Hnh 24: Tc mt u

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Mi chng tm xoay c ci vo nng trc ng i din vi tc mt

u. v mi chng tm quay quanh tm ca n nn c th s dng vn tc ct
cao trong sut qu trnh gia cng.

Hnh 25: Mi chng tm xoay

Phm vi ng dng ca mi tm c nh b gii hn rt ln. Chng ch

c dng khi gia cng vi chiu su ct nh bi v chng b sinh nhit v mn
nhanh.

Hnh 26: Mi tm c nh

Hnh 27: Mi tm c nh loi vt u

Tc kp c vng bo v dng nh tm thng qua mi tm v kp

hng knh bng mt bu-lng kp. Do c th truyn c mmen quay ln
v t c cng sut cao hn.

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Hnh 28: Tc kp c vng bo v

2.1.4. Trc g bung:

Trc g bung dng kp chi tit (c l) t bn trong. Ngc li so vi
mn cp ch s dng trc g bung cho cc chi tit c l nh. Chng c la
chn da vo l c sn ca chi tit cn gia cng. C hai loi kp : kp bung c
nh v kp bung n hi.
Kp bung c nh c cn rt nh (1:2000) v c kp gia hai mi
tm. Kp bung c nh ch c dng gia cng tinh v ch c kh nng chu
ng c chiu su ct nh. ng tm ca hai tm quay phi c kim tra
trc khi s dng.
Kp bung n hi c g vo cn trong ca trc chnh. Phm vi kp
c xc nh bi v tr kp c s rnh dc trc g trong mi l thuc vo
ng tm v kp u chi tit. Qu trnh kp c din ra bi sc p in y ca
phn cn.

Hnh 29: Trc g bung

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Hnh 30: Trc g bung

Trc g n hi c g gia hai mi tm v ch c phm vi kp nh.

Nguyn tc hot ng ca chng c hnh thnh bi s bung ra trong phm vi
bin dng n hi ca lp thnh mng bng vt liu tng hp (khng s rnh).
2.1.5. Mn hoa :
Mn hoa c kh nng kp nhng chi tit c hnh dng phc tp. Bn hoc
nhiu hn na cc pttng c iu chnh ring l, chng cng c th xoay. V
tr kp lm vic c th kp ngoi hoc kp trong. Cc rnh kp c sn dng
lp g v cc i tng.

Hnh 31: Mm hoa vi 6 mm kp

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2.1.6. Luy-nt :
Luy-nt dng kp nhng chi tit di, mnh, chng li s un cong
chi tit do lc ct v trng lng ca chi tit.

Hnh 32: Luy-nt t nh tm

Chi tit c kp gia hai mi tm v c bi luy-nt.

Hnh 33: Luy-nt c nh

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PHN III : TM HIU V G TRN MY PHAY

3.1 Gii thiu chung
Nh chng ta bit gia cng chnh xc c cc chi tit trn my
CNC cng nh trn cc my gia cng thng thng th vn nh v v kp
cht chi tit ng vai tr rt quan trng.
nh v v kp cht c tt yu cu cc loi g phi chnh xc,
tho lp nhanh ph hp vi tc lm vic ca my v m bo tnh kinh t.
Mt s loi g chnh thng c dng trn my phay CNC:
1. -t
2. Bn t tnh
3. Modul g
4. Bn xoay
Kp bng -t
1. -t c th c
quay tng gc 90o
trn bn my
2. V tr c th c
thay i
3. Chi tit c kp c
th dch chuyn dc
theo trc z v x.

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Nhm 4

Kp bng bn t
1. V tr ca chi tit
trn bn my c th
c xc nh mt
cch t do

g
trn my
CNC

2. Cc chi tit kp phi

c tnh t tnh

Kp bng Modul g
1. V tr ca chi tit
trn bn my c th
thay i.
2. Cc phn t kp c
th xc nh nh l
mt modul. V tr
kp do ngi s
dng xc nh.

Cc rnh T trn bn my phay l c s kp chi tit gia cng. Ph thuc

vo chi tit gia cng c kp theo dng v cch thc nh th no, c th phn
bit g trn my phay CNC theo cc thit b kp nh sau:
g kp c kh
g kp thy lc-kh nn
g kp bng t tnh

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Nhm 4

3.2 g kp c kh
3.2.1 Bn kp
Thit b kp c kh thng hnh thnh t nhiu b phn n khc nhau :
n kp, gi , bu lng kp vi u T.

Hnh 34: n kp v gi

cc chi tit gia cng ngi ta thng s dng cc gi .

Hnh 35: n kp, gi v gi ta

Dng nhng tm kp mng kp nhng chi tit gia cng mng v b

mt ca n phi c chng cho dao vo gia cng.

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Nhm 4

g
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CNC

Hnh 36: Tm kp mng

3.2.2 u phn
Vi s h tr ca u phn vi mm xoay, cc chi tit c th c gia
cng nhanh chng cc cnh i xng khc nhau. Cng c th g mn cp ln
u phn gia cng chnh xc cc chi tit c dng trn xoay.

Hnh 37: u phn vi mm xoay

3.2.3 -t
t l loi g rt thch hp trong vic kp cht v nh v chi tit c
dng hp trong qu trnh gia cng hoc lp rp. Trong my CNC, ngi ta dng
t gi cc chi tit theo dy h tr chu trnh gia cng. gm mt thn v hai
hm kp (mt c nh v mt di ng) gi v kp chi tit gia cng. t thc
hin lc kp bng tay quay, vt - ai c, bng bnh lch tm, bng kh nn, bng
thu lc

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g
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CNC

Hnh 38 : Cu to ca t c kh

- c tinh luyn t thp hp kim cng c cng khong 50-60 RC

- Tay quay thng c lm t cht Chromed, chng g st.
-t a nng c th quay ngang hoc thng ng to ra cc gc
nghing thun tin gia cng cc b mt nghing ca chi tit. Lc kp c to ra
thng bng tay, tuy nhin c mt s -t to ra lc kp bng thy lc v kh
nn.

Hnh 39: -t hnh Sine

c im ca -t hnh Sine
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Nhm 4

Cung cp 1 cch chnh xc , nhanh chng nhng chi tit c b mt nghing cho
qu trnh mi v kim tra
Thm mt rnh trung tm c gc s cung cp thm kh nng kp
c lm t thp vi cng 58-60 Rc
Chc chn v l mt khi thng nht
M cp di ng c th ko vo trong mt y 1 gc t 45 n 600 m bo
Loi SV-37 c nhng gc hnh V thng ng v nm ngang m cp di ng c
th di chuyn c v 1 my bnh cc vi nhng ci khc hnh ch V v 1 ci
n ko nguyn khi
Sau y ta xt c tnh v thng s k thut ca mt s loi t ca hng
Kitagawa:
VC series:
Rt thch hp cho my khoan v ct ren loi nh.
B mt t rng, nh v chnh xc chi tit gia cng.
M kp c ch to bng hp kim.

Model
B rng ca m kp

VC 103

VC - 108

100

100

40

40

128

204

65

65

lp chiTti
t chi
(mm)
ng
u cao

105

105

(mm) Tng chiu rng

109

112

(mm) Tng chiu di

355.5

431.5

(mm) Lc kp ti a

20

20

(kN) Khi lng

16

19

(mm) Chiu cao ca m kp

(mm) Hnh trnh kp
(mm) Chiu cao ca b mt g

(kg)

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Nhm 4

3.3 g kp thy lc v kh nn
3.3.1 -t kh nn ,thy lc
Nhng -t NC c chnh xc cao, to ra lc kp bng cc xylanh thy
lc v kh nn, c s dng cho my cng c CNC. Cc -t NC vn hnh
bng kh nn c chnh xc cao cho php rt ngn thi gian ng v m -t.
Tuy nhin p lc hot ng nh nn khng th t c lc kp ln. to ra
lc kp ln ta dng thit b kp thy lc, c thit b iu chnh p lc to ra
lc kp theo yu cu.
Mt s thit b kp kh nn, chn khng v thy lc :
-t my s dng d dng v chc chn, c dng kp nhng chi tit
nh. Vic cn chnh chi tit th nht din ra vi s h tr ca ng h so.

Hnh 4032: Mt s loi -t my

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Nhm 4

Qu trnh kp -t my c din ra trong hnh sau.

Hnh41: Lc kp trong -t my

Cu to ca mt -t thy lc c minh ha trong hnh sau.

1 Bn kp c nh

2 Bn kp di ng

3 B phn thy lc

4 Phn thn di ng

5 Trc vt-me

6 ai c

7 Thn -t

8 L xo
Hnh 42: Cu to ca -t thy lc

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Nhm 4

B phn kp phi da trn qui tc ca mt s chi tit c bn. kp phi

c th s dng xylanh kh nn kt hp vi n by theo qui tc n by.
g
trn my
CNC

Hnh 43:

Hnh 44:

Kp ngang

Kp ng

Lc kp ko

Lc kp nn

a)Tc ng lc nghing trc tip

c)Vu kp nghing

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b) Kp bng chm
d) Kp chm

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Nhm 4

g
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CNC

Hnh 45: a) kp lch tm

c) kp cho

b) kp trc tip
d) kp kt hp n by cong

Hnh 46: Kp phi bng kh nn, chn khng (kp mng)

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Nhm 4

g
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CNC

Hnh 47: Kp chn khng

Hnh 338: Kp phi bng kh nn v chn khng (kp pha trong)

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Nhm 4

g
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CNC

Hnh 49: Kp phi bng kh nn v chn khng (kp cn bng)

2.2.3 g kp bng t tnh

Chi tit gia cng bng st c th c kp bng bn t tnh. Chi tit c
ht vo bn kp sau khi dng in c m v c th ly chi tit mt cch d
dng sau khi tt dng in.

Hnh 50 :Bn t tnh

Tuy nhin nhc im ca bn g t tnh l ch c th g t c cc chi

tit c tnh t tnh. Cn vi nhng chi tit nh nhm, hp cht nhm hay vt liu
phi kim th bn g ny khng th g t c.
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Nhm 4

PHN II : MT S LOI G C BIT:

2.1. g bn xoay:
Bn my l ni nh v, g lp chi tit gia cng hay gi l g. Nh s
chuyn ng linh hot v chnh xc ca bn my m kh nng gia cng trn my
CNC ctng ln rt cao, n c kh nng gia cng c nhng chi tit rt phc
tp.
a s cc my CNC hay trung tm gia cng hin i th bn my thng
l dng xoay c, n c ngha nh l trc th 4 hay 5 ca my. N lm tng
tnh vn nng cho my CNC.
Bn my phi c cng vng, n nh v c iu khin chnh xc

Phn loi :
Bn xoay hin i trn my CNC, ngi ta c th phn ra lm cc loi
nh sau:
Loi tiu chun :
L loi bn xoay ny dng g t chi tit sao cho tm ca chi tit trng
vi tm trc chnh. C th gia cng c nhiu dng b mt khc nhau nh gia
cng mt phng, gia cng rnh thng hoc rnh xon v gia cng cc mt nh
hnh vi dao nh hnh, i khi dng ct bnh rng vi dao phay mun.
Loi bn xoay tiu chun c th phn ra lm hai loi :
+ Loi c trc chnh nm ngang
+ Loi c trc chnh thng ng

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Nhm 4

g
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CNC

Hnh 52: Bn xoay tiu chun trc chnh nm ngang

Hnh 53: Bn xoay RT-100 vi cc thng s

2.1.2. Loi bn xoay c ng c lp pha sau :

- Loi bn xoay ny c kh nng hn ch s rung ng khi my ang lm
vic.
- Loi ng c ny c th che chn nc v phoi vn, khng cho chng
ri vo ng c.

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Nhm 4

g
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CNC

Hnh 54: Bn xoay ng c lp pha sau

2.1.3. Loi bn xoay c l trc chnh ln :

- Loi bn xoay ny c trc chnh c l ln, dng gia cng cc chi tit
c ln
- Loi ny c kh nng m rng kch thc trc chnh m rng phm
vi lm vic cho my.
- Thch hp cho vic sn xut hng khi
Loi bn xoay ny c th phn ra 2 loi:
+ Loi trc chnh nm ngang
+ Loi trc chnh thng ng

Hnh 55: Bn xoay c l trc chnh ln

2.1.4. Loi bn xoay c nhiu trc :

- Loi ny c nng sut gp nhiu ln so vi loi bn xoay tiu chun
- Gim thi gian lm vic
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Nhm 4

- Gim thi gian ph (g t, iu chnh). Thch hp cho sn xut hng

lot v hng khi.
- Tng tc vn hnh.
- Gim thi gian tho lp v iu chnh trn my

Hnh 56: Bn xoay nhiu trc

2.1.5. Loi bn xoay nghing :

- Loi ny c kh nng cng ngh cao, c th gia cng cc mt phng, cc
rnh cc g li v t bit l gia cng cc b mt nghing nhiu gc khc
nhau.
- Loi bn xoay ny c phn ra hai loi:
+ Loi iu khin nghing t ng
+ Loi iu khin nghing bng tay

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Nhm 4

g
trn my
CNC

Hnh 57: Bn xoay nghing iu khin CNC.

Hnh 58: Bn xoay CNC iu khin nghing t ng

ng dng :

Bn xoay thng c lp trn cc my phay CNC hoc trung tm gia

cng. i vi loi bn xoay khng nghing th n c vai tr nh trc th 4 ca
my. i vi loi bn xoay nghing th n ng vai tr nh trc th 4 v th 5

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Nhm 4

ca my, cc trc ny lc ny c tn l A v B nh (Hnh 54).

g
trn my
CNC

Hnh 59: Cc trc ca bn xoay v my phay CNC

Bn xoay ca my CNC c tc dng lm tng thm tnh vn nng cho

my. N c phm vi s dng rt ln, nhng ch yu l dng gia cng :
+ Mt phng
+ Cc b mt nh hnh (nh b mt cam, ci dp, khun p )
+ Ct ren vt trong v ngoi
+ Gia cng bnh rng v dao ct nhiu li c rng thng hoc xon
+ Ct rnh thng v xon
+ C th gia cng cc b mt nghing
i vi bn xoay nhiu trc, c th tin hnh gia cng cng mt lc nhiu
chi tit, lm :
+ Tng kh nng cng ngh ca my,.
+ Tng nng sut gia cng
+ Gim thi tho lp v iu khin dng c
+ Gim thi gian v cc nguyn cng c bn
+ Thch hp cho vic sn xut hng lot v hng khi

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Nhm 4

g
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CNC

Hnh 60: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay khng nghing

Hnh 61: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay nghing t ng

Hnh 62: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay nghing bng tay

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