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Stages of Operation
Retraction Incision Reflection Bone removal
access point of elevation removal of obstruction
Tooth section
3. An axial blood supply in the base 4. Hold the flap with a retractor resting on intact bone to prevent tension.
Envelope flaps
an incision around the necks of several teeth. extends 2 teeth anterior and 1 tooth posterior.
1. Envelope/Sulcular flap
2 teeth anterior 1 tooth posterior
Greater access in an apical direction, especially in the posterior aspect of the mouth
rarely indicated
to approach the root apex avoids trauma to the papillae and gingival margin useful for periapical surgery of a limited extent. should not cross major prominences, ex: canine eminence
6. Pedicle flap
mobilizes from one area and then rotates to fill a soft tissue defect in another area. closure of oroantral communications
Examples
Examples
Reference
1. Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 4th Edition, Larry J Peterson, DDS, MS, Edward Ellis, III, DDS, MS, James R Hupp, DMD, MD, JD, FACS and Myron R Tucker, DDS 2. Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Michael Miloro,G. E. Ghali,Peter Larsen,Peter Waite 3. An atlas of minor oral surgery: principles and practice, David A. McGowan 4. Manual of minor oral surgery for the general dentist, Karl R. Koerner