Luan Van Hoan Chinh

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TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM
KHO LUN
THC TP TT NGHIP
TI:
BC U NGHIN CU QUY TRNH TRCH LY GAMMA
ORYZANOL T CM GO CH BIN
THC PHM CHC NNG
Sinh vin thc hin:
Lp:
Gio vin hng dn:
V THU QUYN
BQCBBK52
1. ThS. NGUYN C TIN
Vin C in nng nghip v Cng
ngh sau thu hoch
2. TS. NGUYN TH BCH THY
B mn Cng ngh sau thu hoch
H Ni 2011
Trng i hc Nng NghipHN
Khoa Cng ngh thc phm 1
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LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan rng, s liu v kt qu nghin cu trong kha lun

ny l trung thc.
Ti xin cam oan rng, mi s gip cho vic thc hin kha lun
ny c cm n v cc thng tin c trch dn trong kha lun ny
c ghi r ngun gc.
H Ni, thng 5 nm 2011
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Khoa Cng ngh thc phm
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LI CM N
Kha lun tt nghip ny c thc hin ti Vin C in Nng nghip

v Cng ngh sau thu hoch di s hng dn ca ThS. Nguyn c Tin Vin C in nng nghip v Cng ngh sau thu hoch v TS. Nguyn Th
Bch Thy B mn Cng ngh sau thu hoch, Trng i hc Nng nghip
H Ni.
Trc ht ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti TS. Nguyn Th Bch
Thy cng ton th cc thy c gio khoa Cng ngh thc phm tn tnh
gip ti trong sut qu trnh hoc tp v lm kha lun.
Ti xin by t lng bit n su sc i vi s hng dn tn tnh, chu
o ca Th.S. Nguyn c Tin cng tt c cn b Phng Tn dng ph ph
phm Vin C in Nng nghip v Cng ngh sau thu hoch to mi
iu kin gip ti hon thnh kha lun ny.
Cui cng, ti xin gi li cm n su sc ti gia nh v bn b quan
tm, ng vin, gip ti trong sut thi gian qua.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni, thng 5 nm 2011
Sinh vin
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Khoa Cng ngh thc phm ii
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MC LC
MC LC.......................................................................................................iii
DANH MC BNG......................................................................................viii
DANH MC HNH.........................................................................................ix
DANH MC CH VIT TT V K HIU.................................................x
Vit tt
c l................................................................................................x
HSTL
Hiu sut trch ly................................................x
Phn I
M U...........................................................................................................1
1.1. T VN .........................................................................................1
1.2. MC CH YU CU.........................................................................2
1.2.1. Mc ch...................................................................2
1.2.2. Yu cu....................................................................2
Phn II
TNG QUAN TI LIU.................................................................................3
2.1. GII THIU V CM GO...................................................................3
2.1.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca cm go...........................3
2.1.2. Cng dng ca cm go..........................................7
Theo phn tch khoa hc, trong cm go cha rt nhiu
cc vitamin nh B1, B6, PP v axt folic... Cm go c
dng b sung vitamin B, c bit l B1 v b sung axt
folic cho khu phn n ca ph n c thai, gip cho s
pht trin h thn kinh ca thai nhi. Lng cht bo trong
cm go rt cao (15-22%), thng dng chit xut du
cm; cht m trn 12%, cht st trn 14%. Do cm
c th cung cp nhiu cht dinh dng, tt cho sc khe
con ngi [14]....................................................................7
Vitamin E tocopherol v tocotrienol, gamma oryzanol v
phytosterol gip bo v chng li ung th, c cha cc
cht t nhin c th chng li cc gc t do l nguyn
nhn ca ung th, c hiu qu nh duy tr h thn kinh v
kh nng no. Vitamin E trong cm go c th bo v v
chng li bnh alzheimer, iu chnh h thng ni tit t
cho ngi gi.....................................................................8
Khoa Cng ngh thc phm iii
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Nhiu nghin cu trn th gii chng minh s dng cm

go c li cho sc khe: chng lo ha, n nh huyt p,
tng sc khng, cn bng ng huyt, iu chnh h
thng ni tit t cho ngi gi, hn ch c s pht trin
ca t bo ung th Qureshi v cng s ti Vin nghin
cu Y hc ti Madison Wisconsin cho thy bng cch tiu
th 20 gam cm go tinh ch / ngi mi ngy, trong 60
ngy, c hai loi bnh i tho ng Type I v Type II,
bnh nhn tiu ng c th gim mc ng huyt
ca h xung 30% v 20%................................................8
2.2. GII THIU CHUNG V GAMMA ORYZANOL.................................9
2.2.1. Khi nim Gamma oryzanol...................................................................9
2.2.2. Tc dng ca Gamma oryzanol.............................11
2.3. TNH HNH SN XUT, TIU TH V NGHIN CU GAMMA
ORYZANOL T CM GO TRN TH GII...........................................13
ORYZANOL T CM GO TRONG NUC.............................................15
2.7. CC PHNG PHP TRCH LY HOT CHT [1].............................17
2.8. CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNH TRCH LY CM GO
.....................................................................................................................19
2.8.1.
2.8.2.
2.8.3.
2.8.4.
2.8.5.
Phn III
S lng dung mi.................................................19

Loi dung mi........................................................19
Mt ca cm go...............................................19
m....................................................................19
Nhit .................................................................20
I TNG - NI DUNG
V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU............................................................21
3.1. I TNG, VT LIU, A IM & THI GIAN NGHIN CU..21
3.1.1. i tng nghin cu............................................21
3.1.2. Vt liu nghin cu................................................21
3.1.3. a im v thi gian nghin cu..........................22
3.2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU...................................................................22
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3.2.1. Nghin cu quy trnh trch ly Gamma oryzanol t

cm go...........................................................................22
3.3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU...........................................................23
3.3.1. B tr th nghim..................................................................................23
3.3.1.1. X l cm go nguyn liu trc khi trch ly.....23
3.3.1.2.Xc nh loi dung mi nh hng n hiu sut
trch ly..............................................................................23
Qu trnh trch ly nh hng rt nhiu yu t cng ngh:
loi dung mi trch ly, nng dung mi, nhit , t l
dung mi, thi gian trch ly Mt trong s nhng yu t
nh hng l loi dung mi no c nh hng ti hiu
sut trch ly gamma oryzanol. Nhng dung mi dng
chit xut du cn phi c mt im si tng i thp v
khng d chy, khng c trong c hai cht lng v hi
nc. Tuy nhin, cn chn loi dung mi an ton cho sc
khe ngi s dng, r tin, khng c nguy c chy n. 23
3.3.1.3. Xc nh nng trch ly nh hng n hiu
sut trch ly......................................................................24
3.3.1.4.Xc nh nhit trch ly nh hng n hiu sut
trch ly..............................................................................25
3.3.1.6. Xc nh thi gian trch ly n hiu sut trch ly
.........................................................................................26
.........................................................................................................................27
3.3.2. Cc ch tiu nghin cu.........................................28
3.3.2.1. Xc nh hm m ca cm go nguyn liu theo
phng php sy kh n khi lng khng i.............28
Do cm go trng thi xp, t bo ph v, c h enzym
lipase ni ti, cng s xm nhp ca mi trng, nn
phn ng thy phn v oxi ha ca du trong cm pht
trin nhanh. S thy phn du to ra cc acid bo t do
cao lm cho cm b i hng, chua kht khng thun li
cho qu trnh ch bin sau ny. Chnh v vy, tng tr
cm go cho ch bin cng nh chit xut gamma
oryzanol cn c phng php bo qun cm go cho trch
ly gamma oryzanol bng phng php sy kh n khi
lng khng i...............................................................28
* Cch tin hnh..............................................................28
Cn 100 g cm nguyn liu trong hp nhm bit trc
trng lng. t hp nhm c cha mu vo t sy
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nhit 105oC. Sau 3 gi em i lm ngui trong bnh

ht m v cn. Tip theo li t hp cng mu vo t sy
v sy tip khong t 30 60 pht ri li em l ngui
trong bnh ht m. Sau em cn li, nu sai s gia hai
ln cn khng qu 0.01 g th qu trnh sy xem nh kt
thc..................................................................................28
* Cch tnh.......................................................................28
Hm m ca nguyn liu c tnh theo cng thc sau: 28
W = 100%......................................................................28
Trong :..........................................................................28
a: Khi lng hp nhm cng nguyn liu trc khi sy (g)
.........................................................................................28
b: Khi lng hp nhm cha nguyn liu sau khi sy (g)
.........................................................................................28
c: Khi lng hp nhm kh khng cha nguyn liu (g)28
3.3.2.2. Xc nh hm lng gamma oryzanol................28
3.3.3. Phng php x l s liu......................................30
Phn IV
KT QU V THO LUN.........................................................................31
4.1. X L CM GO NGUYN LIU TRC KHI TRCH LY
.........................................................................................32
4.1.1. Nghin cu xc nh phng php x l cm
nguyn liu cho trch ly gamma ozyzanol t cm go....32
Dung mi ho tan cc cht cn trch ly v gi li cc
tp cht, dung mi c nh hng ln ti cht lng ca
dch chit v thnh phm, v vy vic la chn dung mi
thch hp l ht sc quan trng. Da trn tnh cht vt l
( nht, sc cng b mt, phn cc) v c tnh ha
tan chn lc ca dung mi i vi hot cht la chn
dung mi. Nhng dung mi dng chit xut du cn
phi c mt im si tng i thp v khng d chy,
khng c trong c hai cht lng v hi nc. Tuy nhin,
cn chn loi dung mi an ton cho sc khe ngi s
dng, r tin, khng c nguy c chy n. Ngoi ra qua ti
liu cho bit gamma oryzanol l hp cht khng phn cc
nn chng ti tin hnh th nghim kho st vi cc loi
dung mi khng phn cc: n hexan, isopropyl alcohol,
cn ethanol 96o...............................................................34
Bng 4.2. nh hng ca loi dung mi n hiu sut
trch ly..............................................................................34
Khoa Cng ngh thc phm vi
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.........................................................................................................................43
- Dch trch ly thu c em i lc qua vi mn v qua giy lc bn to, loi
b ht b cm go, tp cht v cn xt li trong dch. Sau a vo h thng
c chn khng, thu hi dung mi quy m 70 lt/m. Thu c dch gamma
oryzanol c ti khi lng khng i chnh l du th gamma oryzanol v thu
hi cn ethanol.................................................................................................45
Phn V.............................................................................................................46
KT LUN V NGH.............................................................................46
5.1. KT LUN...............................................................................................46
Sau thi gian thc hin ni dung ca ti chng ti rt ra kt lun sau:.....46
1. X l cm go nguyn liu thch hp cho qu trnh trch ly dit men lipase
100 150oC/ 10 pht, sau sy 60o/ 2 gi t hm m 5.3% ri em trch
ly. ....................................................................................................................46
TI LIU THAM KHO..............................................................................48
14. Hegsted, M., and M.M. Windhauser, Reducing Human
Heart Disease Risk with Rice Bran, Louisiana Agriculture
(1993)..............................................................................49
15. Nicolosi, R.J., L.M. Ausman, and D.M.Hegsted, Rice
Bran Oil Lowers Serum Total and Low Density Lipoprotein
Cholesterol and Apo B Levels in Nonhuman Primates,
Atherosclerosis (1991).....................................................49
16. Rukmini, C., Chemical, Nutritional and Toxicological
Studies of Rice Bran Oil, Food Chem (1988)....................49
17. Sharma, R.D., and C. Rukmini, Rice Bran Oil and
Hypocholesterolemic in Rats, Lipids 21:715-717 (1986). 50
Du th trch ly t cm go.............................................................................51
..................................................................................................................51
Qu trnh kt tinh Gamma oryzanol...............................................................51
nh hng ca thi gian sy ti cht lng cm sau sy................................55
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DANH MC BNG
Bng 2.1. Thnh phn x v gi tr dinh dng ca
cc nguyn liu............................................................4
Bng 2.3. Thnh phn ca du cm go th...............5
Bng 4.1. nh hng thi gian sy n cht lng
cm go sau sy........................................................33
Bng 4.3. nh hng nng dung mi cn ethanol
n.............................................................................36
hiu sut trch ly........................................................36
Bng 4.4. Nhit trch ly nh hng n hiu sut
trch ly........................................................................38
Bng 4.5. nh hng ca t l dung mi cn ethanol
96o
n hiu sut trch ly................................................39
Bng 4.6. Thi gian trch ly nh hng ti hiu sut
trch ly........................................................................41
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DANH MC HNH
Hnh 2.1. S lp cm go trong ht la

Hnh
2.2. Cm go............................................................4
Hnh 2.3. Cu trc phn t gamma oryzanol...........9
Hnh 2.4. Cu trc phn t ca 24-methylene
cycloartenyl ferlulate..............................................10
Hnh 2.5. Cu trc phn t ca ferlulate cycloartenyl
...............................................................................10
Hnh 2.6. Cu trc phn t ca ferlulate
campesteryl............................................................10
Hnh 2.7. Gamma oryzanol.....................................15
th 4.1. nh hng thi gian sy n cht lng
cm go sau sy.....................................................52
th 4.2. nh hng ca loi dung mi n hiu
sut trch ly.............................................................52
..............................................................................53
th 4.4. nh hng ca nhit n hiu sut
trch ly....................................................................53
th 4.5. nh hng ca t l dung mi cn
ethanol 96o n.....................................................54
hiu sut trch ly.....................................................54
th 4.6. nh hng ca thi gian trch ly n hiu
sut trch ly.............................................................54
Khoa Cng ngh thc phm ix
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DANH MC CH VIT TT V K HIU

Vit tt
c l
HSTL
Hiu sut trch ly
LHCT
Lng hot cht tinh
LHCNL
Lng hot cht c trong nguyn liu
Khoa Cng ngh thc phm x
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Phn I
M U
1.1. T VN
Vit Nam l mt nc c nn nng nghip lu i gn lin vi nn vn
minh la nc nn t lu cy la tr thnh cy lng thc ch yu c
ngha quan trng trong i sng v nn kinh t x hi nc ta. Trong nhng
nm gn y, nc ta tr thnh mt trong ba nh xut khu go hng u
th gii. Qu trnh ch go to ra mt lng ln ph ph phm l cm go.
Cm go c gi thnh thp thng c ngi dn s dng lm thc n chn
nui, cha khai thc c ht tim nng v gi tr vn c ca n. Nu lu
s b i hng, gy lng ph ln. Cm go c cha nhiu cht dinh dng qu
gi nh protein, lipit, glucocide, vitamin nhng khng nhiu ngi bit
rng cm go cha nhiu cht chng oxi ha c bit quan trng l gamma
oryzanol c li cho sc khe cha bnh v c s dng lm m phm c
gi tr kinh t cao. Gamma oryzanol c trong cm go, thc ny mm, cm i
mch, ng ny mm nhng ch trong cm go mi c hm lng gamma
oryzanol nhiu hn c, cn cm i mch, ng ny mm c lng gamma
oryzanol rt thp.
Hin nay ch phm gamma oryzanol c s dng cho sn xut cc sn
phm thc phm, m phm, dc phm cha gamma oryzanol u phi nhp
khu. Vit Nam hu nh cha c cng trnh nghin cu no v tch chit
gamma oryzanol t cm go, nguyn liu ny phn ln vn cn nhp khu t
Trung Quc v cc nc khc. Do vy vic nghin cu s dng cm go
sn xut gamma oryzanol phc v cho cng ngh thc phm, ch bin thc
phm chc nng l ht sc quan trng.
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Nhn thy c s cn thit ca vn nu trn, c s ng ca Vin

C in nng nghip Cng ngh sau thu hoch v b mn Cng ngh sau thu
hoch Khoa Cng ngh thc phm Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni, chng
ti tin hnh nghin cu ti: Bc u nghin cu quy trnh trch ly gamma
oryzanol t cm go ch bin thc phm chc nng.
1.2. MC CH YU CU
1.2.1. Mc ch
Xy dng quy trnh trch ly v thu nhn gamma oryzanol t cm go
ch bin thc phm chc nng.
1.2.2. Yu cu
- Nghin cu ch x l cm go nguyn liu trc khi trch ly.
- Xc nh loi dung mi, nng dung mi n hiu sut trch ly
gamma oryzanol t cm go.
- Nghin cu nh hng ca nhit , thi gian trch ly n hiu sut
trch ly gamma oryzanol.
- Xy dng quy trnh trch ly gamma oryzanol t cm go.
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Phn II
TNG QUAN TI LIU

2.1. GII THIU V CM GO
2.1.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca cm go
Cm go l ph phm chnh thu c t la sau khi xay xt v thng
chim khong 10% trng lng la. Cm go c hnh thnh t lp v ni
nh, mm phi ca ht, cng nh mt phn t tm. Cm go c mu sng v
mi thm c trng. T l protein trong cm go mn c th t 12 14 %.
Lng protein th cm go cao hn so bp ht. Lng cht bo trong cm
go rt cao (15 22 %), thng dng chit xut du cm, cht m trn 12%,
cht st trn 14 %. Trong cm go ngoi nhng thnh phn c gi tr dinh
dng nh protein, lipit, glucocide, vitamin trong cm go cn cha hn
hp cht c bit quan trng l gamma oryzanol. Gamma oryzanol c
trong cm go, thc ny mm, cm i mch, ng ny mm ch trong cm
go mi c hm lng gamma oryzanol nhiu hn c (1.0 4.0 % trng
lng), cn cm i mch, ng ny mm c hm lng gamma oryzanol
rt thp [7,15, 19].
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Hnh 2.1. S lp cm go trong ht la
Hnh 2.2. Cm go
Bng 2.1. Thnh phn x v gi tr dinh dng ca cc nguyn liu
Ch tiu
Bp
Cm go Cm go
Cm la
nguyn
Trch La m
Bt m
m
du
du
Protein (%)
13
15
12
16
16
DE (Kcal/kg)
3.525
3.100
2.250
3.350
2.520
2.965
X th (%)
2,2
11
2,5
11
X tng s (%)
9,5
19
27
10,5
44
27
15
21
9,5
38,2
23,5
Cellulose (%)
2,0
2,5
11
Lignin (%)
0,5
5,8
3,5
Arabinoxylan (%)
3,7
11
5,5
21
15
(% khng ho tan)
(94)
(96)
(97)
(77)
(99)
(97)
NSP tng s (%)
(ngun: Gene v cng s, 2002)
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Bng 2.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca cm go

Thnh phn
Cm
Cm trng
Protein th (% N.6,25)
12,0 15,6
11,8 13,0
Cht bo th (%)
15,0 19,7
10,1 12,4
Si th (%)
7,0 11,4
2,3 3,2
Carbohydrate (%)
31,1 52,3
51,1 55,0
6,6 9,9
5,2 7,3
Tro th (%)
Cht khong
Canxi (mg/g)
0,3 1,2
0,5 0,7
Magie (mg/g)
5,0 13,0
6,0 7,0
Photpho (mg/g)
11,0 25,0
10,0 22,0
Phytin photpho (mg/g)
9,0 11,0
12,0 17,0
Silica (mg/g)
6,0 11,0
2,0 3,0
Km (mg/g)
43,0 25
17,0 90,0
Vitamin
Vitamin B1
12,0 24,0
3,0 19,0
Vitamin B2
1,8 4,3
1,7 2,4
Niaxin
267 499
224 389
Bng 2.3. Thnh phn ca du cm go th

Thnh phn
Phn trm (%)
Lipid c th ha x phng
90 96
Trung ha lipit
88 89
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Cht bo Diglycerides
34
Cht bo Monglycerides
67
Acid bo t do
24
Cc loi sp
34
Glycolipids
67
Phospholipid
45
Cht khng x phng ha lipid
4,2
Phytosterol
43
Este sterol
10
Ri Triterphene
28
Hydrocacbon
18
Tocopherols
(ngun: Cheruvanky v cng s, 2003)
Theo bng 2.2, cm go c lng dinh dng rt cao vi lng cht

bo cha bo ha cao, vitamin nhm E, nhm B, phylate, km, canxi, kali u
rt cao. Ngoi ra trong cm cn c cht bo Omega 3 kh cao. Thnh phn
ca cm go c nhiu vitamin v cht bo, cn i v c nhiu x d tiu rt
tt cho con ngi. Tuy nhin, cm thng c dng lm thc n cho cc
loi gia sc v thy sn ch khng dng cho ngi. Nguyn nhn l do cm
c mt s enzym ni ti hot ng rt mnh m lm oxi ha cc cht bo v
cm go bi i ha c mi kh chu. Thm vo , do cng ngh xay xt go
cha cao li t c u t theo hng thu cm sch nn cm thng ln rt
nhiu tp cht (v tru, sn ). V nhng l do trn m hu ht lng cm
go thu c thng c nng dn s dng nui cc loi gia sc, gia
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cm. Hng nm trn th gii c khong 40 45 triu tn cm c sn xut

v 90% l chu .
Cm go cng nh cc nguyn liu c ngun gc thc vt khc thng
cha hm lng pht pho kh cao dng phytate. Mc khc, gc pht pht t
phytate thng to lin kt vi cc cht nh axt amin v cht khong lm
gim s tiu ha cc dng cht ny khi b sung vo khu phn. Thng
thng c khong 2/3 hm lng pht pho c trong nhng loi nguyn liu
th c s dng lm thc n gia sc. Cm go c lng pht pho kh cao
nhng trn 50% l dng phytate. ng vt c d dy n kh tiu ha cht
ny do khng sn xut lng enzyme phytase ni sinh cn thit.
Mc d nhiu bo co khoa hc cho thy khu phn x cao mang nhiu
tin li nh lm gim s lot d dy v pht trin vi sinh vt, gip tha mn
cn i (i vi ln ni trong thi k mang thai), sn xut nhiu acid bo bay
hi c bit l acid acetic c tng hp thnh m sa v cung cp sa nng
lng cao hn, x cn l cht n gii quyt khi lng vt cht kh trong
khu phn, kch thch tiu ha thc n v bi thi cht c hi ra ngoi c th,
kch thch s pht trin ca ng tiu ha.
2.1.2. Cng dng ca cm go
Theo phn tch khoa hc, trong cm go cha rt nhiu cc vitamin nh
B1, B6, PP v axt folic... Cm go c dng b sung vitamin B, c bit
l B1 v b sung axt folic cho khu phn n ca ph n c thai, gip cho s
pht trin h thn kinh ca thai nhi. Lng cht bo trong cm go rt cao
(15-22%), thng dng chit xut du cm; cht m trn 12%, cht st trn
14%. Do cm c th cung cp nhiu cht dinh dng, tt cho sc khe con
ngi [14].
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Vitamin E tocopherol v tocotrienol, gamma oryzanol v phytosterol

gip bo v chng li ung th, c cha cc cht t nhin c th chng li cc
gc t do l nguyn nhn ca ung th, c hiu qu nh duy tr h thn kinh v
kh nng no. Vitamin E trong cm go c th bo v v chng li bnh
alzheimer, iu chnh h thng ni tit t cho ngi gi.
Nhiu nghin cu trn th gii chng minh s dng cm go c li cho
sc khe: chng lo ha, n nh huyt p, tng sc khng, cn bng
ng huyt, iu chnh h thng ni tit t cho ngi gi, hn ch c s
pht trin ca t bo ung th Qureshi v cng s ti Vin nghin cu Y hc
ti Madison Wisconsin cho thy bng cch tiu th 20 gam cm go tinh ch /
ngi mi ngy, trong 60 ngy, c hai loi bnh i tho ng Type I v
Type II, bnh nhn tiu ng c th gim mc ng huyt ca h xung
30% v 20%.
t rt lu cm go c coi l mt b quyt sc p ca ngi ph
n ng ni chung, ngi Nht Bn, Hn Quc v c bit l ngi Vit
Nam ni ring. iu lm nn iu k diu ca cm go l gamma oryzanol,
mt cht chng oxi ho hng u, gip ngn nga qu trnh lo ho trong c
th. gamma oryzanol l thnh phn c bit ca cm go, c c t chit
xut du th ca cm go (v la ca ht go). Ngi ta bit n gamma
oryzanol u tin t nhng nm 1950 v vo u nhng nm 1960, ngi
Nht bit s dng gamma oryzanol nh mt loi thuc cha bnh.Cng
dng ni bt nht ca gamma oryzanol l cht chng oxi ho mnh, gip lm
chm ng k qu trnh lo ho ca c th. Mc d vitamin E ni ting l mt
cht chng oxi ho hiu qu nhng cc nghin cu gn y chng minh
gamma oryzanol cn c tc dng gp 4 ln vitamin E trong vic ngn chn
cc m b oxi ho. Ngoi ra, gamma oryzanol cn bo v c th khi tia cc
tm, do ngi ta cn s dng gamma oryzanol trong cc loi m phm nh
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kem chng nng, gip bo v ln da khi cc h tn do oxi ho gy ra di

tc ng ca mi trng bn ngoi [12].
2.2. GII THIU CHUNG V GAMMA ORYZANOL
2.2.1. Khi nim Gamma oryzanol
Gamma oryzanol c cng thc phn t l: C40H55O4, trng lng phn
t 602,89 g/mol, b nng chy nhit 135 137 oC, gamma oryzanol bao
gm 2 phn, phn mch di l sterol v phn cn li l axit ferulic [4].
Hnh 2.3. Cu trc phn t gamma oryzanol

Trng thi vt l: gamma oryzanol dng bt, khng mi, ha tan
trong nc, t tan trong ete diethyl v heptane. Tan nhiu trong isopropyl v
ha tan trong clorofom. gamma oryzanol c mu trng hoc vng.
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Hnh 2.4. Cu trc phn t ca 24-methylene cycloartenyl ferlulate

Hnh 2.5. Cu trc phn t ca ferlulate cycloartenyl
Hnh 2.6. Cu trc phn t ca ferlulate campesteryl
Ba trong s cc phn phn on, cycloartenyl ferulate, 24methylenecycloartenyl ferulate v campesteryl ferulate, l thnh phn chnh
ca gamma oryzanol [4, 8].
Gamma oryzanol l cht chng oxi ha mnh m ch tm thy trong
cm go. Gamma oryzanol khng phi l mt cht chng oxy ha n nhng
l hn hp ca 20 thnh phn c tnh cht chng oxi ha.
Trong cm go ngoi nhng thnh phn c gi tr dinh dng nh
protein, lipit, glucocide, vitamin , trong cm go cn cha hn hp cht c
Khoa Cng ngh thc phm10
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bit quan trng l gamma oryzanol. Gamma oryzanol c trong cm go,

thc ny mm, cm i mch, ng ny mm ch trong cm go mi c hm
lng gamma oryzanol nhiu hn c (1,0 4,0 % trng lng), cn cm i
mch, ng ny mm c lng gamma oryzanol rt thp [8].
2.2.2. Tc dng ca Gamma oryzanol
Khoa hc hin i khm ph gamma oryzanol - vi cht nm lp
mng bao quanh ht go - c tc dng gim cholesterol tha trong c th. y
c xem l mt pht hin quan trng gp phn ngn nga nguy c bnh tim
mch.
T nhng nm 1950, nhiu nghin cu khoa hc ch ra rng b n
ca ht go lt nm chnh lp mng go bao quanh n, vn cha mt lng
ln vitamin, khong cht, cht bo c li v c vi cht gamma oryzanol - c
tc dng lm chm qu trnh lo ha ca t bo, xy dng c bp, chng trm
cm... Bc s ni ting ngi Nht Sakurazawa Nyoichi cn ra hn phng
php thc dng - cha bnh bng go lt, sau ny c T chc Y t th
gii (WHO) cng nhn l mt phng php phng v cha bnh hiu qu.
n nhng nm 1980, gii khoa hc khm ph gamma oryzanol trong
lp mng go thm ch cn c kh nng gim cholesterol tha trong mu, bo
v c th khi bnh tim mch. Pht hin mi ny tht s c ngha vi cng
ng bi tha cholesterol ang l thc trng ng bo ng chung trong cuc
sng hin i. Theo iu tra mi nht ca Vin Dinh dng quc gia va
cng b ti hi tho "Tnh trng cholesterol cao ngi Vit Nam v gii
php d phng" gn y, bnh qun t l ngi Vit Nam c lng
cholesterol cao l 29,1%, trong t l ny ngi dn thnh th ln ti
44,3% [10].
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2.2.2.1. Tc dng gim cholesterol tha ca gamma oryzanol

Tha cholesterol xp vo nguy c hng u gy ra bnh tim mch, v
tng c nghin cu cho thy gim cholesterol tha trong c th s gim c
30% t l t vong do bnh ng mch vnh. iu tr tha cholesterol trong
mu s gip hn ch s hnh thnh v tin trin ca cc mng va x, t
gim cc tai bin v t vong do bnh l tim mch.
Nhiu nghin cu lm sng trn th gii khng nh gamma
oryzanol c kh nng ngn chn rut hp thu cholesterol t thc n v
cholesterol do gan tit ra, sau o thi chng khi c th. Cc chuyn gia
tim mch trn th gii cng khuyn ngi tha cholesterol nn dng thc
phm cha gamma oryzanol nh mt cch t nhin a cholesterol v mc
"chun", ngn nga nguy c bnh tim mch. y l mt bin php n gin
v an ton, d thc hin. Cc nghin cu lm sng cho thy c hiu qu
gim cholesterol tha th mt ngi nn dng t nht 50 mg gamma
oryzanol/ngy [11].
2.2.2.2. Tc dng ngn nga qu trnh lo ha ca gamma oryzanol
Li ch ca gamma oryzanol, b quyt ngn nga qu trnh lo ha
trong du go gamma oryzanol, thnh phn c bit ca du go, c c t
chit xut du th ca cm go (v la ca ht go). Ngi ta bit n gamma
oryzanol u tin t nhng nm 1950 v vo u nhng nm 1960, ngi
Nht bit s dng gamma oryzanol nh mt loi thuc cha bnh. Ban
u, gamma oryzanol c dng cha tr cho cc bnh nhn c biu hin
lo lng. n cui nhng nm 1980, tr liu gamma oryzanol c cng nhn
cho php dng trong vic cha tr cc nhng trng hp b cholesterol trong
mu cao...[13].
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2.2.2.3. Tc dng chng oxi ha ca gamma oryzanol

Gn y, nhiu nghin cu cho thy cng dng ni bt nht ca gamma
oryzanol l cht chng xy ha mnh, gip lm chm ng k qu trnh lo
ha ca c th. Mc d Vitamin E ni ting l mt cht chng xy ha hiu
qu nhng cc nghin cu gn y chng minh gamma oryzanol cn c
tc dng gp 4 ln Vitamin E trong vic ngn chn cc m b xy ha. Ngoi
ra, gamma oryzanol cn bo v c th khi tia cc tm, do ngi ta cn s
dng gamma oryzanol trong cc loi m phm nh kem chng nng, gip bo
v ln da khi cc h tn do xy ha gy ra di tc ng ca mi trng bn
ngoi [15, 17, 18].
Ngoi nhng cng dng tt cho sc khe, gamma oryzanol c trong
du go cn c tc dng d tiu ha v gip ngon ming khi trn vi salad;
to hng v nh nhng c bit thch hp cho mn rn, nng m khng lm
thay i mi v ca thc phm sau khi nu. Du go c sc chu nhit v im
bc khi rt cao (khong 246oC), do vy rt ph hp rn, chin, xo m
khng lm thc n tr nn kh cng, du b bc khi, hay si bt. Loi du
go c th tm thy trn th trng l Neptune 1:1:1 [3].
ORYZANOL T CM GO TRN TH GII
Hin nay trn th gii nh: Nht Bn, M, Trung Quc, n , Thai
Lan, cng ngh sn xut gamma oryzanol a tao ra ch phm gamma
oryzanol thng mai, lam nguyn liu cho ch bin thc phm, dc phm va
my phm. c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v gamma oryzanol cng nh
v hot cht sinh hc ca n, v kh nng s dng gamma oryzanol trong vic
bo v, phng chng mt s bnh tt cho con ngi. Gamma oryzanol c tc
dng chng oxy ho, chng vim lot, c bit l vim lot d dy, lm gim
lng m trong mu, c hot tnh ging nh proestrogen, gamma oryzanol
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cn c kh nng lm tng vic lu thng mu, gim cholesterol trong mu,

giam m trong c th, l hot cht c tc dng chng acid ha, ngn chn
c s xm nhp ca tia cc tm, cn tr hot ng bi tit sc t melanin
trong biu b, co tc dng phng chng nm daHin nay oryzanol t cm
go c ng dng lm nguyn liu trong dc phm, my phm, sn xut sn
phm thc phm b sung chng lao hoa cho phu n, lam ep, lam min
mang da, lam giam cac triu chng bc hoa va cng thng, s thay i bt
thng cua phu n thi ky man kinh va thi ky sau o (vin gamma
oryzanol thc phm b sung, sa dng da, kem chm sc da) [7, 14, 18].
Sn phm gamma oryzanol ch t cm go dng thc n ca hng
Sunfarmnhi Australia v mt s hng khc trn th gii c bn rng
ri ti th trng Ty u. Cc nc khng trng c la nc hin ang nhp
khu cm go sn xut cc ch phm c gi tr cao. Nh vy r rng cm
go tr thnh mt mt hng c gi tr. Cng trnh khoa hc ca Ishibaski
Kyohide (Nht Bn) nghin cu dng gamma oryzanol sn xut m
phm bi da c cha 3% gamma oryzanol chng vim da v chng lo ho da
cng l bng chng na ni ln ng dng rng ri ca gamma oryzanol
cm go i vi sn xut v i sng [16].
Hin nay a c hn 40 bng sng ch v chit xut gamma oryzanol cam
gao a a ra t cac nc san xut lua gao nh Trung Quc, M, Nht bn, n
, Thi Lan. Nhng hiu ng sinh l hc c ch ra lin quan n gamma
oryzanol lam gim hm lng colesteron, s kt t tiu cu, s tng hp sinh hc
cholesteron v s hp th cholesteron. Gamma oryzanol cng c s dng
tng s bi tit axit trong mt v trong iu chnh s khng cn bng dy thn
kinh v nhng s mt cn bng cua thi k mn kinh.
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Trn th trng hin nay gamma oryzanol c bn di dng vin

nang dng du hoc bt xut x ch yu t Nht Bn c tn thng mi gama
oryzanol, gama-O 32[7].
Hnh 2.7. Gamma oryzanol

ORYZANOL T CM GO TRONG NUC
Hin nay ch phm gamma oryzanol c s dung cho san xut my
phm, dc phm va cac san phm thc phm cha gamma oryzanol u phai
nhp khu. S thay i v li sng, ch n ung khin ngi dn phi i
mt nhiu hn vi cc bnh mn tnh nh tim mch, ung th, tiu ng Ch
dinh dng nhiu cht bo, gim cht x cng vi s nhim mi trng
ngy cng tng ln l nguyn nhn lm cho c th ca chng ta d gp phi cc
nguy c bnh tt. Mt khc, do nn kinh t pht trin, ngi dn, c bit l
ngi dn thnh ph H Ni c mc sng cao nn h khng ch quan tm n
cc san phm lam ep, thc phm tng cng sc kho, hoc c tc dng i
vi chc nng no vi c th. Chnh v vy, vi nhng sn phm c
qung co l cha bch bnh, ko di tui thanh xun, nh nc ung
Noni,... c ngi tiu dng rt hng ng mc d cc loi thc phm ny c
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gi thnh rt cao m tc dng tht ca sn phm cha hn ng vi qung co

v thc phm chc nng khng c tc dng cha bnh nh thuc hoc cc loi
dc phm [12].
Ch phm gamma oryzanol hin s dung lam nguyn liu cho san sut
my phm, dc phm va thc phm trong nc la phai nhp khu. Trong
nc cha co c s nao san xut ch phm gamma oryzanol. Trong khi o
ngun cam gao nguyn liu co th s dung cho san xut ch phm gamma
oryzanol di dao. Cam gao trong nc chu yu s dung lam thc n chn nui
va xut khu. Cha khai thac c gia tri tim nng to ln cua no. Cha co
iu tra anh gia ham lng gamma oryzanol trong cam gao nguyn liu
cac loai khac nhau trong nc.
Tuy khng nhiu bng Trung quc, Nht ban, My nhng chng ta cng
c mt s cng ngh trich ly hoat cht sinh hoc t nng san tao ra cac
ch phm cho san xut thc phm, to ra c sn phm thng mi. Cc sn
phm ny c hiu qu mt s chc nng nh: chc nng gim bo, chng
mt mi, sng mt, li tiu, mt gan, gim hm lng ng trong mu. Mt
s cc loi nguyn liu c tc dng chng oxy ho, c sn trong nc nh:
cy tt l, mp ng, c rt, cy nhu, ti, gc hoc cc loi nguyn liu
c tc dng tng cng sinh lc nh g c, cu gai, nhm bin, hi sm
c khai thc sn xut thc phm chc nng, ch phm san xut my
phm. Cng ngh trch ly cc thnh phn chc nng t nguyn liu to ra
cc ch phm c hot cht sinh hc cao nh ch phm isoflavon, glycosid
hoc cng ngh s dng enzim thu phn protein thnh cc peptit chc
nng, hoc cng ngh sn xut cc ng chc nng nh FOS, xyliton theo
con ng vi sinh vt c tin hnh trong phng th nghim [10, 12, 13].
Vit Nam cha co cng ngh san xut gamma oryzanol t cam gao,
cam gao mi dng lai cho ch bin thc n chn nui, san xut du cam
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gao cha khai thac c gia tri tim nng vn co cua no. Nm 2008 Vin
C in nng nghip va cng ngh sau thu hoach, Nguyn c Tin va cng
s trong phong thi nghim, trich ly cam gao co c dich ch phm oryzanol
quy m phong thi nghim.
2.7. CC PHNG PHP TRCH LY HOT CHT [1].
Trch ly l qu trnh rt cht ha tan trong cht lng hay cht rn bng
mt cht lng khc. Trch ly cht ha tan trong cht lng c gi l trch ly
lng, cn trch ly ha tan trong cht rn gi l trch ly rn [1].
L thuyt v qu trnh trch ly c nghin cu v pht trin t rt sm
khi ngnh cng nghip ha cht bt u pht trin. Ngy nay, cng ngh trch
ly c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip, c bit trong cng ngh chit
xut cc hp cht thin nhin nh tinh du, nha du. Bn cht ca qu trnh
trch ly hot cht trong dc liu bng dung mi l qu trnh vn chuyn vt
cht (s chuyn khi) trong h pha rn lng, trong dung mi l pha lng,
dc liu l pha rn. Qu trnh chuyn khi rt phc tp v c s c mt ca
mng cht nguyn sinh. Ngoi ra hin tng ha tan, khuch tn cn l hin
tng thm thu, thm tch. Khi cho dc liu thc vt kh chia nh tip
xc vi dung mi, qu trnh chit xut din ra theo c ch sau:
- Dung mi thm qua cc mao qun vo cc t bo dc liu, thi gian
thm dung mi ph thuc vo ng knh, chiu di mao qun, p lc khng
kh, bn cht dung mi.
- Thm t dung mi ca cc cht trong t bo dc liu. Qu trnh ny
ph thuc vo tnh cht ha l ca cc cht, bn cht dung mi.
- Ha tan cc cht trong t bo vo dung mi.
Qu trnh ha tan ph thuc vo bn cht ha hc ca cc cht tan v
dung mi, cc cht c nhiu nhm phn cc (- OH, - COOH) d tan trong
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dung mi phn cc (nc, ethanol, isopropanol thp ). Cc cht c nhiu

nhm thn du (cht bo, CH3 C2H5 v ng ng) d tan trong dung mi
khng phn cc.
Khuch tn cc cht tan trong t bo dc liu vo dung mi gm hai
loi:
- Khuch tn cht tan trong t bo dc liu qua mng t bo gi l
khuch tn phn t hay khuch tn ni. Lng cht khuch tn ph thuc vo
yu t: s chnh lch nng , din tch b mt, thi gian, nhit , nht
dung mi, b dy ca lp khuych tn.
- Khuch tn cht tan t dc liu vo dung mi gi l khuch tn i
lu hay khuch tn ngoi. Khuch tn i lu nhanh hn khuch tn phn t
2 3 ln v khng c s tham gia ca mng t bo.
Nh vy, chit rt cc hot cht t dc liu mt cch hon ton v
nhanh nht th ngoi vic la chn dung mi phi to cc iu kin ti u
nht cho qu trnh khuch tn.
Mt h trch ly c th l:
- Trch ly lng rn
- Trch ly lng lng
Qu trnh trch ly Gamma oryzanol t cm go, cm go c ngm
chit nhit , t l dung mi v thi gian xc nh, chuyn Gamma
oryzanol t cm go vo dung mi bng cch khuch tn phn t v khuch
tn i lu, trong thi gian trch ly cm go c lin tc ngm trong dung
mi, hn hp trch ly c thu hi nhiu ln, ui dung mi thu hi du cm
go th Gamma oryzanol.
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2.8. CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNH TRCH LY CM GO

2.8.1. S lng dung mi
Cc dung mi c s dng chit xut du cn li c thi ra
bng cch s dng khai thc c hc v qu trnh chit dung mi em li li
ch lng du cao hn ng k so vi chit xut c kh. Nhng trong vic s
dng lng ln dung mi n i hi thi gian di cho dung mi bay hi, cn
li chit xut du. Nh vy cm go c chit xut n nh t l dung mi
ti cm thch hp 1,77 : 1,00 [9].
2.8.2. Loi dung mi
Nhng dung mi chit xut du cn phi c mt im si tng i
thp v khng d chy, khng c trong c hai cht lng v hi nc. Tuy
nhin, hexane c s dng nh mt dung mi chit xut du t thng
mi cm go mc d hexane gy chy, tim nng, sc khe v cc mi nguy
him mi trng, nhng n c im si thp v khng tn km [6, 5].
Cn ethanol xut lm dung mi trch ly, do an ton, r tin hn v
n cng c s dng trch ly cm go [9].
2.8.3. Mt ca cm go
Ngoi dung mi ra th mt cm go cng l nhn t nh hng n
hiu sut trch ly. Rt kh trch ly du t cm go vi mt cao, nu
mnh cm go c mt thp, cc vy d dng b ph v. V vy, c c
khai thc du ti u, n l cn thit duy tr dy thch hp v gim nhng
ht cm go di [5].
2.8.4. m
m vy cm go cn c m khng qu 10% v cc dung mi kh
xm nhp vo hai mt khi vy cm go c m cao hn. Bn cnh hiu
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qu ca vic khai thc du ph thuc vo ngun nc hoc hi m trong dung

mi.
2.8.5. Nhit
Nhit trong qu trnh khai thc du l khong 60oC rt ngn thi
gian khai thc. C gii hn trn cho vic khai thc nhit , dung mi an ton
trng thi lng. Phm vi si ca dung mi hexan thng mi thng l 64
69oC [9].
2.8.6. Thi gian
Cc chit xut t du cm go c th s dng thi gian t 1 2 gi [6].
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Phn III
I TNG - NI DUNG
V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1. I TNG, VT LIU, A IM & THI GIAN NGHIN CU
3.1.1. i tng nghin cu
- Cm t cc loi go ly t cc c s xay st an Phng H Ni.
Cm go c bo qun 20oC cho n khi s dng lm mu th nghim.
3.1.2. Vt liu nghin cu
3.1.2.1. Ha cht
- Cn thc phm (C2H5OH) 96o
- NaOH 10%
- Clorofom (CHCl3) 99%
- Ete
- Acid clohydric (HCl) 36 37 %
- Acid ascobic 10-2M
- HCl 2%; 6N
- Phenolphatalein 1%
- Acid ecetic (CH3COOH) 10%
- FeSO4 10-3
- Ha cht dng nh tnh sterol: anhydrit acetic, CHCl 3, H2SO4,
tricloacetic, dung dch brom trong CHCl3.
3.1.2.2. Thit b v dng c
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- B trch ly Soxhlet
- Ni p sut
- H thng trch ly, c chn khng, thu hi dung mi quy m 70 lt/m
- My c c
- Cn k thut, cn phn tch nh tnh
- T sy t ng khng ch nhit
- Bp in, bp cch thy
- Vi mn, phu lc, cc ong, ng ong v bnh tam gic cc loi
- a thy tinh, buret, pipet cc loi, giy lc, nhit k cc loi
- Bnh nh mc 100, 250, 500 v 1000 ml
3.1.3. a im v thi gian nghin cu
- a im: Vin C in nng nghip v Cng ngh sau thu hoch
a ch: S 126 ph Trung Knh Trung Ha Cu Giy H Ni.
- Thi gian nghin cu: 15/1/2011 n 15/5/2011.
3.2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU
3.2.1. Nghin cu quy trnh trch ly Gamma oryzanol t cm go
- Nghin cu ch x l cm go nguyn liu trc khi trch ly.
- Xc nh loi dung mi, nng dung mi n hiu sut trch ly
Gamma oryzanol t cm go.
- Nghin cu nh hng ca nhit , thi gian trch ly n hiu sut
trch ly Gamma oryzanol.
- Xy dng quy trnh trch ly Gamma oryzanol t cm go.
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3.3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.3.1. B tr th nghim
3.3.1.1. X l cm go nguyn liu trc khi trch ly
Cm go ly t cc c s xay st go an Phng H Ni. Cm go
c ng gi vo ti v bo qun nhit 20oC. Do cm go trng thi
xp, t bo ph v, c h enzym lipase ni ti, cng s xm nhp ca mi
trng, nn phn ng thy phn v oxi ha ca du trong cm pht trin
nhanh. Cm go rt d b i hng, chua kht Nn ta cn x l cm go
nguyn liu trc khi a vo qu trnh trch ly gamma oryzanol qu trnh
trch ly xy ra thun li hn m khng gy ra cc nh hng xu n hiu
sut thu hi gamma oryzanol.
- Tin hnh cn 100 g cm go, cho vo cc thy tinh em sy trong t
sy t ng khng ch nhit , 100oC 105oC trong thi gian 10 pht.
- Trong qu trnh sy tin hnh o trn cm nhit tip xc cm
u hn.
- Sau sy tip, h nhit ca t sy xung 60oC khong thi gian 3
gi, o trn u tay cho ti khi hm m ca cm t khong 5 %. Ta thu
c cm go nguyn liu thc hin cc th nghim tip theo.
3.3.1.2. Xc nh loi dung mi nh hng n hiu sut trch ly
Qu trnh trch ly nh hng rt nhiu yu t cng ngh: loi dung mi
trch ly, nng dung mi, nhit , t l dung mi, thi gian trch ly Mt
trong s nhng yu t nh hng l loi dung mi no c nh hng ti
hiu sut trch ly gamma oryzanol. Nhng dung mi dng chit xut du
cn phi c mt im si tng i thp v khng d chy, khng c trong
c hai cht lng v hi nc. Tuy nhin, cn chn loi dung mi an ton cho
sc khe ngi s dng, r tin, khng c nguy c chy n.
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- Sau khi x l cm go nguyn liu c m thch hp l 5%, tin

hnh trch ly 3 mu song song vi cc loi dung mi khc nhau: n hexan,
isopropyl alcohol, cn ethanol 96o.
- Tin hnh cn 100 g cm go c x l, cn tip 300 g dung mi
mi loi. nhit 65oC trong thi gian 3 gi, trch ly 3 mu song song bng
b trch ly Soxhlet.
- Dch trch ly c x l ui dung mi n trong lng khng i.
Lng hot cht sinh hc th em tinh ch thu c hot cht tinh. Da
vo hiu sut trch ly xc nh loi dung mi no cho hiu sut trch ly cao
nht. Kt qu u c x l thng k theo chng trnh IRRISTAT 4.0.
3.3.1.3. Xc nh nng trch ly nh hng n hiu sut trch ly
Sau khi lm th nghim xc nh loi dung mi nh hng n hiu
sut trch ly la chn c loi dung mi thch hp. Tin hnh th nghim
dung mi chn trn cc nng dung mi l 65o, 75o, 96o cng iu kin
cng ngh xc nh nng dung mi ph hp cho vic tch chit hot
cht.
chn mc 3.3.1.2.
- nhit 65oC trong thi gian 3 gi, trch ly 3 mu song song bng
b trch ly Soxhlet.
vo hiu sut trch ly xc nh nng dung mi l bao nhiu th cho hiu sut
trch ly cao nht. Kt qu u c x l thng k theo chng trnh
IRRISTAT 4.0.
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3.3.1.4. Xc nh nhit trch ly nh hng n hiu sut trch ly

Ngoi cc yu t nh loi dung mi trch ly, nng dung mi th
nhit cng l yu t quan trng c nh hng ti hiu sut trch ly gamma
oryzanol. Sau khi lm th nghim xc nh nng dung mi nh hng n
hiu sut trch ly la chn c nng dung mi thch hp. xc nh
nhit trch ly nh hng ti hiu sut trch ly ta tin hnh th nghim cc
mc nhit l 45oC, 55oC, 65oC, 70oC, 75oC.
vi nng chn th nghim mc 3.3.1.2 v mc 3.3.1.3.
b trch ly Soxhlet.
vo hiu sut trch ly xc nh nhit trch ly l bao nhiu th cho hiu sut
IRRISTAT 4.0.
3.3.1.5. Xc nh t l dung mi nh hng n hiu sut trch ly
T l dung mi cng l mt trong nhng yu t quyt nh ti hiu sut
trch ly cao nht. Cht lng ca dch chit ph thuc vo t l nguyn liu v
dung mi. Nu dng t dung mi c th khng chit ht c hot cht, nhng
nu dng nhiu dung mi qu th lng hot cht trong dch chit khng tng
m li tng lng tp cht v gy lng ph dung mi. Chnh v vy ta cn xc
nh t l dung mi v nguyn liu hiu sut trch ly gamma oryzanol l
cao nht.
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- Th nghim tin hnh vi cc t l dung mi / cm go nguyn liu

khc nhau l: 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 xc nh t l dung mi / nguyn liu
ph hp nht cho vic tch chit hot cht.
- Tin hnh cn 100 g cm go c x l. Cn ln lt cc mu
100 g, 200 g, 300 g, 400 g, 500 g dung mi vi nng chn mc
3.3.1.2 v mc 3.3.1.3.
b trch ly Soxhlet.
vo hiu sut trch ly xc nh nhit trch ly l bao nhiu th cho hiu sut
IRRISTAT 4.0.
3.3.1.6. Xc nh thi gian trch ly n hiu sut trch ly
Sau khi xc nh c cc yu t hiu sut trch ly cao nht nh
thi gian sy nguyn liu, loi dung mi, nng dung mi, nhit dung
mi. Tin hnh th nghim vi cc ngng thi gian cho mi ln trch ly l:
2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 gi xc nh thi gian trch ly ph hp cho hiu sut trch
ly cao nht.
v nng dung mi chon cc mc trn.
b trch ly Soxhlet.
vo hiu sut trch ly xc nh thi gian trch ly l bao nhiu th cho hiu sut
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IRRISTAT 4.0.
3.3.1.7. Xy dng quy trnh trch ly gamma oryzanol
Cm go nguyn liu
X l cm go:
Sy 100 105oC/10 pht, sy tip 60oC/
khong 4 gi, hm m khong 5%
Trch ly Gamma oryzanol

Ethanol 96o/ cm go = 3/1
Trch ly 65 70oC/4 gi
C dch trch ly
Thu hi
ethanol
B cm go
trch ly
Du cm go
th, gamma
oryzanol
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3.3.2. Cc ch tiu nghin cu

3.3.2.1. Xc nh hm m ca cm go nguyn liu theo phng php sy
kh n khi lng khng i
Do cm go trng thi xp, t bo ph v, c h enzym lipase ni ti,
cng s xm nhp ca mi trng, nn phn ng thy phn v oxi ha ca
du trong cm pht trin nhanh. S thy phn du to ra cc acid bo t do
cao lm cho cm b i hng, chua kht khng thun li cho qu trnh ch
bin sau ny. Chnh v vy, tng tr cm go cho ch bin cng nh chit
xut gamma oryzanol cn c phng php bo qun cm go cho trch ly
gamma oryzanol bng phng php sy kh n khi lng khng i.
* Cch tin hnh
Cn 100 g cm nguyn liu trong hp nhm bit trc trng lng.
t hp nhm c cha mu vo t sy nhit 105oC. Sau 3 gi em i
lm ngui trong bnh ht m v cn. Tip theo li t hp cng mu vo t
sy v sy tip khong t 30 60 pht ri li em l ngui trong bnh ht m.
Sau em cn li, nu sai s gia hai ln cn khng qu 0.01 g th qu trnh
sy xem nh kt thc.
* Cch tnh
Hm m ca nguyn liu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
W = 100%
Trong :
a: Khi lng hp nhm cng nguyn liu trc khi sy (g)
b: Khi lng hp nhm cha nguyn liu sau khi sy (g)
c: Khi lng hp nhm kh khng cha nguyn liu (g)
3.3.2.2. Xc nh hm lng gamma oryzanol
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Nguyn liu c sy ti hm m khong 5%. Cn 100 g cm go

nguyn liu ri em trch ly bng dung mi cn ethanol 96o vi t l ethanol
96o / cm go = 3 / 1, trch ly nhit 65 70oC trong thi gian l 4 gi.
Dch trch ly thu c em lc qua vi mn v giy lc kh to loi
b ht cn v tp cht thu c du cm go th.
Du cm go th c x phng ha vi 1.7 % NaOH 90oC trong
thi gian l 1 gi. Trung ha kim d bng Na 2CO3. Dch x phng ha em
sy i lu v to si x phng kh 115 oC trong 2 gi. Si x phng kh
trch ly vi ethyl acetate trong khong 4 gi. Thu hi dung mi cn v lc
tch sp thu c dch lc. Sau c ti khi lng khng i ta xc nh
c hm lng gamma oryzanol thu c.
3.3.2.3. Xc nh hiu sut trch ly gamma oryzanol
nh gi hiu qu tch chit hot cht gamma oryzanol ngi ta
dng phng php xc nh hiu sut trch ly gamma oryzanol.
Hiu sut trch ly (HSTL): l hiu sut thu gamma oryzanol theo hm
lng gamma oryzanol c trong nguyn liu. HSTL c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
HSTL (%) = 100%

Trong :
HSTL: Hiu sut trch ly (%)
LHCT: Lng hot cht tinh (g)
LHCNL: Lng hot cht c trong nguyn liu (g)
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Lng hot cht c trong nguyn liu l 0.32 g.

3.3.3. Phng php x l s liu
S liu c x l thng k theo chng trnh IRISTAT 4.0.
S tin hnh cc bc th nghim ca ti
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Nguyn
liu
X l cm go
nguyn liu
Chn loi dung

mi thch hp
Chn nng dung

mi thch hp
Lng dung mi
Nhit trch ly
Xc nh ch trch
ly thch hp
Thi gian trch ly

Tinh ch gamma oryzanol
gamma
oryzanol
Phn IV
KT QU V THO LUN
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4.1. X L CM GO NGUYN LIU TRC KHI TRCH LY

4.1.1. Nghin cu xc nh phng php x l cm nguyn liu cho trch ly
gamma ozyzanol t cm go
Cm go trng thi xp, t bo ph v, c h enzym lipase ni ti,
cng s xm nhp ca mi trng, nn phn ng thy phn v oxi ha ca
du trong cm pht trin nhanh. S thy phn du to ra cc acid bo t do
cao lm cho cm b i hng, chua kht khng thun li cho qu trnh ch
bin sau ny. Chnh v vy, tng tr cm go cho ch bin cng nh chit
xut gamma oryzanol cn c phng php bo qun cm go cho trch ly
gamma oryzanol. Tc gi Phm c Thi chng trnh 20A (Gim tn tht
v nng cao hiu qu s dng lng thc) a ra c quy trnh cng ngh
dit men lipasa bng phng php sy cm go nhit 100 105oC/10
pht cho hiu qu dit men lipase cao trong cm go. ti k tha quy trnh
ny dit men lipase trong x l cm go nguyn liu cho trch ly Gamma
oryzanol t cm go.
4.4.2. Nghin cu xc nh hm m cm go nguyn liu cho trch ly
gamma oryzanol
Tnh cht ca nguyn liu c nh hng ln n hiu sut trch ly
gamma oryzanol. Nu hm m nguyn liu gim th tc trch ly tng ln, v
lng nc trong nguyn liu tc dng vi protein v cc cht ho nc khc
ngn cn s chuyn dch ca dung mi thm su vo trong nguyn liu, lm
chm qu trnh khuch tn. Chng ti tin hnh xc nh hm m ca cm go
nguyn liu sau sy cm go nguyn liu t ti hm m nht nh ri tin
hnh trch ly bng dung mi cn ethanol 96o trong thi gian 3 gi, thu c
dch trch ly, em xc nh hm lng gamma oryzanol bng phng php o
mt quang bc sng 280 400 nm. Kt qu phn tch c trnh by
bng 4.1.
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Bng 4.1. nh hng thi gian sy n cht lng cm go sau sy

Thi gian sy (gi)
Ch tiu nghin cu
Hm m cm go (%)
Hm lng gamma oryzanol
(g/100 g cm)
Hiu sut trch ly gamma oryzanol
(%)
0 (Cm go
mi xay st)
13.8
7.1
5.3
2.6
0.16
0.21
0.243
0.245
50.00c
65.60b
75.93a
76.56a
(Ghi ch: Cc s liu theo ct c ch s m khc nhau l c gi tr khc nhau

c ngha mc ngha = 0.05)
Cm go nguyn liu sau khi sy, trch ly theo t l cm go/ dung mi
ethanol 96o theo t l 1: 3 nhit 65oC cc mc thi gian 0 gi (cm go
mi xay st), 1 gi, 2 gi, 4 gi c th hin qua bng 4.1 nh sau:
Chng ti nhn thy khi thi gian sy tng th hm m cm go gim
dn t 13.8 % > 7.1 % > 5.3 % > 2.6 %, hm lng gamma oryzanol tng vi
lng nh t 0.16 g < 0.21 g < 0.243 g < 0.245 g. Lc cha sy cm go c
hiu sut trch ly thp nht l 50%. Sau khi sy cm c 1 gi thi hiu sut
trch ly tng ln r rt l 65.6%. Hiu sut trch ly t gi tr ti u sau khi sy
nguyn liu 2 gi vi hiu sut cao t 75.93%. Khi tng thi gian sy ln 4
gi th hiu sut trch ly c tng nhng tng khng ng k l 76.56% khng
ph hp vi iu kin kinh t.
Qua th nghim ny chng ti nhn thy rng, nguyn liu cng kh th
cng to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh trch ly, song rt kh khn sy
nguyn liu n m qu thp v chi ph nng lng cho nng lng sy
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nguyn liu cao. Mc d, thi gian sy l 4 gi cho hiu sut trch ly cao hn
nhng cao hn khng ng k so vi hiu sut trch ly thi gian sy l 2
gi. Nu ta sy cm go nguyn liu trong 4 gi s rt mt nhiu thi gian v
gy lng ph ln.
Qua tin hnh kho st, chng ti nhn thy x l cm go nguyn liu
thch hp cho qu trnh trch ly gamma orynazol l cm go nguyn liu sau
khi dit men lipase 100oC 105oC trong thi gian 10 pht, tip tc sy
60oC trong thi gian 2 gi t hm m khong 5.3% ri em trch ly.
4.2. XC NH LOI DUNG MI NH HNG N HIU SUT
TRCH LY
Dung mi ho tan cc cht cn trch ly v gi li cc tp cht, dung
mi c nh hng ln ti cht lng ca dch chit v thnh phm, v vy
vic la chn dung mi thch hp l ht sc quan trng. Da trn tnh cht vt
l ( nht, sc cng b mt, phn cc) v c tnh ha tan chn lc ca
dung mi i vi hot cht la chn dung mi. Nhng dung mi dng
chit xut du cn phi c mt im si tng i thp v khng d chy,
khng c trong c hai cht lng v hi nc. Tuy nhin, cn chn loi dung
mi an ton cho sc khe ngi s dng, r tin, khng c nguy c chy n.
Ngoi ra qua ti liu cho bit gamma oryzanol l hp cht khng phn cc
nn chng ti tin hnh th nghim kho st vi cc loi dung mi khng
phn cc: n hexan, isopropyl alcohol, cn ethanol 96o.
Bng 4.2. nh hng ca loi dung mi n hiu sut trch ly
Hm lng gamma
Loi dung mi
oryzanol (g/100g cm
Hiu sut trch ly (%)
go)
n Hexan
0.254
79.37a
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Isopropyl alcohol
0.261
81.56a
Cn ethanol 96o
0.243
75.93b

T bng 4.2 chng ti nhn thy, hiu sut trch ly ca Isopropyl
alcohol cao nht l 81.56%, sau ti hiu sut trch ly ca n Hexan l
79.37%, v cui cng l hiu sut trch ly ca cn ethanol 96 o l thp nht
75.93%. Hiu sut trch ly ca Isopropyl alcohol > n Hexan > Cn ethanol
96o. Mc d trch ly bng dung mi Isopropyl alcohol cho hiu sut trch ly l
cao nht song vic chn dung mi cho vic trch ly cc sn phm dng cho
thc phm v dc phm th ngoi cc yu t tnh ha tan chn lc cao,
nht thp, sc cng b mt nh ngi ta cn lu n tnh c hi ca dung
mi, vn kinh t, r tin. Cn ethanol l dung mi c th ha tan tt hu
ht cc cht trong nguyn liu. Ngoi ra, cn cng l nguyn liu d kim, s
dng rt tin li, c th tch cn ra khi dung dch chit mt cch d dng
bng cch un nng nh sau mt thi gian s thu c dch chit khng cn.
Vic trch ly bng cn s c d dng do cn c kh nng lm mt nc
nguyn sinh cht t bo, lm ng t protein v pectin. Do thnh t bo
mt tnh thm thu v cht ha tan khuch tn t do. Cn ethanol p ng
tng i y cc yu t ny, chnh v vy, chng ti chn cn ethanol
96oC l dung mi thch hp cho qu trnh trch ly hot cht v s dng dung
mi ny cho cc nghin cu tip theo.
Qua kt qu x l thng k cho thy gi tr hiu sut trch ly cc dung
mi khc nhau l khc nhau mc ngha = 0.05.
4.3. NGHIN CU XC NH NNG DUNG MI CN
ETHANOL NH HNG N HIU SUT TRCH LY
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Do cn ethanol t c hi ca dung mi, vn kinh t, r tin v d

kim nn ta chn cn l dung mi trch ly. Cn ethanol s dng tch chit
hot cht phi t cc tiu chun quy nh an ton thc phm. Kh nng trch
ly gamma oryzanol t cm go thay i theo nng , do cn phi xc
nh nng ca ethanol t hiu sut trch ly hot cht cao nht. Khi
nng cc cht trch ly c tng ln dn th s chnh lch nng gim
dn v t ti cn bng, qu trnh khuch tn xy ra rt chm. Do chng ti
tin hnh th nghim kho st cc ngng nng dung mi (vi dung mi l
cn chn trn) nh sau: 65o, 75o, 96o, cm go nguyn liu dit men
v c hm m 5% c trch ly vi t l cm go nguyn liu / cn ethanol
theo t l 1: 5; trch ly trong 3 gi. Kt qu th nghim nghin cu xc nh
nng dung mi cn ethanol nh hng n hiu sut trch ly c th hin
qua bng 4.3.
Bng 4.3. nh hng nng dung mi cn ethanol n

hiu sut trch ly
Hm lng gamma
Nng dung mi ()
oryzanol (g/100g cm
Hiu sut trch ly (%)
go)
65
0.11
34.37c
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75
0.14
43.75b
96
0.243
75.93a

T bng 4.3 chng ti thy rng khi nng dung mi cng cao th
hiu sut trch ly cng ln. Nng dung mi 65 o, 75o, 96o ln lt cho hiu
sut trch ly l 34.37%, 43.75%, 75.93%. Nng ethanol l 96o cho hiu sut
rt cao so vi 2 loi nng cn li, thch hp s dng trch ly gamma
oryzanol.
Theo chng ti gii thch iu ny c th l do nguyn liu ha tan
rt it trong nc v ha tan nhiu trong cn m c. Trong cn ethanol 65%
th cha nhiu nc hn cn ethanol 75% v cn 96%. M cycloartenyl
ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartenyl ferulate v campesteryl ferulate, l thnh
phn chnh ca gamma oryzanol, l cht phn cc yu nn ha tan nhiu
trong cn 96o.
Qua kt qu x l thng k nhn thy cc gi tr hiu sut ba nng
cn khc nhau mc ngha = 0.05 v gi tr hiu sut nng cn 96 o
l cao nht.
Do vy, m bo hiu sut trch ly l cao nht chng ti chn cn c
nng 96o s dng cho nghin cu tip theo.
4.4. NGHIN CU NH HNG CA NHIT N HIU SUT
TRCH LY GAMMA ORYZANOL T CM GO BNG CN
ETHANOL
Nhit l mt trong nhng yu t c nh hng rt ln n qu trnh
trch ly. Khi nhit trch ly cng cao s lm cho xp v linh ng ca
nguyn liu tng ln (do nguyn liu trng n) v hot cht ha tan d dng
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trong dung mi. Tuy nhin, nhit l mt yu t c gii hn v khi nhit

qu cao c th xy ra cc phn ng khc khng cn thit nh tng tan ca
mt s tp cht, kh khn cho qu trnh lc v s thc y cc bin i ha
hc ca cc thnh phn c trong nguyn liu dn n cht lng dch chit b
thay i theo chiu hng xu i.
Bng 4.4. Nhit trch ly nh hng n hiu sut trch ly
Hm lng gamma
Nhit (oC)
oryzanol (g/100g cm
Hiu sut trch ly (%)
go)
45
0.285
75.00c
55
0.317
83.42b
65
0.320
84.21ab
70
0.322
84.73ab
75
0.325
85.52a

T kt qu bng 4.4 chng ti thy gi tr hiu sut tng dn v t l
thun vi nhit trch ly (75% 45oC, 83.42% 55oC, 84.21% 65oC,
84.73% 70oC, 85.52% 75oC). Vic thu c kt qu ny c gii thch
nh sau:
Gia hai cht lng bt k lun c chuyn ng nhit (chuyn ng
Brown) v chuyn ng tng h. Khi nhit thp 45 oC chuyn ng nhit
gim lm cho linh ng ca cc cu t gamma oryzanol trong nguyn liu
thp v vy s lng gamma oryzanol khuch tn vo dung mi t nn hiu
sut trch ly nh (75%). Khi nhit tng ln 55oC th hiu sut trch ly cng
tng ln l 83.42%. Khi nhit cao 65oC v 70oC th chuyn ng nhit tng
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lm cho cc cu t gamma oryzanol chuyn ng nhanh hn nn d dng

c chit tch ra khi nguyn liu. Hn na, nhit cng cao s thay i
cu trc m t bo cng ln, lm cho vch t bo b ph hy nn dch bo d
dng thot ra ngoi, hiu sut tng r rt (84.21% 65 oC, 84.73% 70oC).
Cn nhit 75oC th hiu sut trch ly c tng nhng khng ng k t
85.52%. Hiu ng ny cho thy khi tng nhit th lm gim nht v
tng khuch tn, dn n hiu sut trch ly tng.
Qua kt qu x l thng k cho thy hiu sut trch ly cc nhit
45oC, 55oC, 75oC l khc nhau mc ngha = 0.05 v hiu sut trch ly
nhit 65oC v 70oC l khng c s khc nhau mc ngha = 0.05. Cn
c vo kt qu v iu kin th nghim cho thy 65 70oC l ph hp
trch ly gamma oryzanol t cm go bng cn ethanol 96o.
4.5. NGHIN CU NH HNG CA T L DUNG MI CN
ETHANOL 96o N HIU SUT TRCH LY GAMMA
ORYZANOL
Cht lng ca dch chit ph thuc vo t l nguyn liu v dung mi
v nu dng t dung mi c th khng chit ht c hot cht nhng nu
dng nhiu dung mi lng hot cht trong dch chit khng tng m li tng
lng tp cht. V vy cn nghin cu t l nguyn liu v dung mi. Qua cc
ti liu tham kho chng ti tin hnh kho st vi cc t l dung mi / nguyn
liu c nu trong bng sau.
Bng 4.5. nh hng ca t l dung mi cn ethanol 96o
n hiu sut trch ly
Hm lng gamma
T l dung mi
oryzanol (g/100g cm
Hiu sut trch ly (%)
go)
1:1
0.265
27.63d
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2:1
0.328
69.98c
3:1
0.330
86.54b
4:1
0.336
87.42b
5:1
0.340
89.47a

Kho st vi cc t l dung mi / nguyn liu, kt qu th 2 cho thy vi
cng thi gian, nhit v lng cm go trch ly, khi tng lng dung mi trch ly
th gamma oryzanol ton phn trong dch trch ly cng tng.
T kt qu bng 4.5 chng ti nhn thy t l dung mi cn ethanol 96oC
/ cm go nguyn liu = 1 : 1 cho hiu sut trch ly thp nht l 27.63% do lng
dung mi nh khi s chnh lch nng cht tan trong dung mi so vi lng
cu t gamma oryzanol thp nn s khuch tn cc cu t gamma oryzanol v
dung mi chm, do vy hiu sut trch ly l nh. T l cn ethanol 96o / cm go =
2 : 1, hiu sut trch ly tng ng k l 69.98%. t l cn ethanol 96o / cm go =
3 : 1 v 4 : 1 cho hiu sut trch ly gamma oryzanol gn nh nhau (tng ng
86,54 % v 87,42 % ), qu trnh trch ly c thc hin d dng. Tng t l dung
mi ln 5 : 1 v 6 : 1 so vi cm go nguyn liu cho hiu sut trch ly tng ln
khng ng k t 87.42% v 89.47% do khi dung mi qu nhiu gy cn tr cho
qu trinh trch ly nn lng gamma oryzanol chit tch ra khng nhiu.
Qua kt qu x l thng k cho thy gi tr hiu sut trch ly t l dung
mi cn ethanol 96oC / cm go nguyn liu l 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 5 : 1 l khc nhau
mc ngha = 0.05. Nhng hiu sut trch ly t l dung mi cn ethanol 96oC
/ cm go nguyn liu l 3 : 1, 4 : 1 l khng c s khc nhau.
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Cn c vo kt qu th nghim m bo hiu sut trich ly cng nh

hiu qu kinh t, t l cn ethanol 96o / cm go = 3 / 1 l ph hp cho trch ly
gamma oryzanol.
4.6. NGHIN CU NH HNG CA THI GIAN N HIU SUT
TRCH LY GAMMA ORYZANOL T CM GO BNG CN
ETHANOL
Gamma oryzanol trong cm go nguyn liu khi khuch tn vo dung
mi vi thi gian nht nh s t n cn bng. iu d nhn thy thi gian
trch ly cng di th lng gamma oryzanol thu c cng ln. Tuy nhin nu
ko di thi gian trch ly, t l hot cht Gamma oryzanol trong dch chit
khng tng m s tng t l tp cht khuch tn vo dch chit v ng thi
dn ti chi ph cho qu trnh trch ly cao. V vy, thi gian chit xut nh
hng rt ln ti cht lng dch chit v hiu sut trch ly, cn tin hnh th
nghim xc nh c thi gian thch hp cho trch ly gamma oryzanol t
hiu qu cao.
Bng 4.6. Thi gian trch ly nh hng ti hiu sut trch ly
Hm lng gamma
Thi gian (gi)
oryzanol(g/100g cm
Hiu sut trch ly(%)
go)
2.5
1.35
62.34d
0.32
69.98c
3.5
0.33
79.65b
0.332
86.84a
4.5
0.334
86.89a
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52

Kt qu t bng 4.6 cho thy hiu sut trch ly tng dn theo thi gian
trch ly th hin:
Khi trch ly vi thi gian 2.5 gi, hm lng gamma oryzanol trong
cm go l 1.35 g v hiu sut trch ly nh nht l 62.34 %. Nhng khi tip
tc tng thi gian trch ly ln 3 gi th cc thng s tng ln r rt (0.32 g;
69.98% ), thi gian trch ly l 3.5 gi c cc thng s (0.33 g; 79.65% ).
Hiu sut trch ly t ti u thi gian l 4 gi vi hm lung gamma
oryzanol 0.332 g, hiu sut trch ly l 86.84%. Khi tip tc ko di thi gian
n 4.5 gi th hiu sut trch ly hu nh khng tng ng k, iu ny cn
c th hin r t kt qu thng k.
Kt qu c th gii thch do cu trc thnh t bo ca cm go kh
vng chc nn cn ngm trong thi gian di. Thi gian trch ly cng di, th
cng trch ly kit hot cht gamma oryzanol c trong nguyn liu, song thi
gian trch ly tng n mt lc no th gamma oryzanol khuch tn vo
dung mi s tng khng ng k. V th tip tc tng thi gian ln 4.5 gi th
hiu sut tng ln khng nhiu.
Qua th nghim ny chng ti nhn thy tin hnh trch ly thi gian 4
gi l thch hp nht v mang li iu kin kinh t cao.
4.7. QUY TRNH CNG NGH TRCH LY GAMMA ORYANOL T
CM GO BNG CN ETHANOL 96o
T kt qu nghin cu mt s yu t ca cng ngh trch ly gamma
oryzanol t cm go bng cn ethanol nh nh hng ca thi gian sy, loi
dung mi, nng dung mi, nhit trch ly, t l dung mi, thi gian trch
ly. Ta xy dng c quy trnh cng ngh trch ly gamma oryzanol t cm
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
go theo s quy trnh cng ngh trch ly gamma oryzanol t cm go bng

cn ethanol 96o di y. Vi t l dung mi cn ethanol 96o / cm go nguyn
liu = 3 / 1 65-70oC trong thi gian l 4 gi, cho hiu sut trch ly gamma
oryzanol t khong 86,84%.
Cm go nguyn liu
X l cm go:
Sy 100 105oC/10 pht, sy tip 60oC/
khong 4 gi, hm m khong 5%
Trch ly gamma oryzanol

Ethanol 96o/ cm go = 3/1
Trch ly 65 70oC/4 gi
B cm go
trch ly
C dch trch ly
Thu hi
ethanol
Du cm go
th, gamma
oryzanol
Quy trnh cng ngh trch ly gamma oryzanol t cm go bng

cn ethanol 96o
80
70
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
60
50
Hiu sut
40
trch ly (%)
30
20
10
0
Thi gian sy (gi)
* Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh trch ly gamma oryzanol t cm go

bng cn ethanol 96o
1. X l cm go
- Mc ch: Do cm go trng thi xp, t bo ph v, c h enzym
lipase ni ti, cng s xm nhp ca mi trng, nn phn ng thy phn v
oxi ha ca du trong cm pht trin nhanh. Cm go rt d b i hng, chua
kht Nn ta cn x l cm go nguyn liu trc khi a vo qu trnh trch
ly gamma oryzanol.
- Thit b: t sy t ng khng ch nhit .
- Cm go nguyn liu c a vo t sy t ng khng ch nhit
nhit 100oC 105oC trong thi gian l 10 pht, sau mang em sy
tip nhit 60oC trong khong 2 gi, sy ti khi cm go nguyn liu c
hm m t khong 5.3% ri em i trch ly gamma oryzanol.
2. Trch ly gamma oryzanol
- Mc ch: qu trnh trch ly to ra du cm go th cha gamma
oryzanol, c th tip tc cho qu trinh tinh ch gamma oryzanol tip theo.
- Thit b: s dng b trch ly Soxhlet.
- Trch ly gamma oryzanol bng dung mi l cn ethanol 96 o vi t l
dung mi v cm go l 3:1. S dng b trch ly Soxhlet. Trch ly nhit
65 70oC trong thi gian l 4 gi. Ta thu c dch trch ly gamma oryzanol.
3. C dch trch ly
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- Mc ch: ui ht nc v dung mi cn ethanol 96 o c trong dch

trch ly tip tc qu trnh tinh ch tip theo.
- Thit b: h thng c chn khng, thu hi dung mi quy m 70 lt/m.
- Dch trch ly thu c em i lc qua vi mn v qua giy lc bn to,
loi b ht b cm go, tp cht v cn xt li trong dch. Sau a vo
h thng c chn khng, thu hi dung mi quy m 70 lt/m. Thu c dch
gamma oryzanol c ti khi lng khng i chnh l du th gamma
oryzanol v thu hi cn ethanol.
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
Phn V
KT LUN V NGH
5.1. KT LUN
Sau thi gian thc hin ni dung ca ti chng ti rt ra kt lun
sau:
1. X l cm go nguyn liu thch hp cho qu trnh trch ly dit men
lipase 100 150oC/ 10 pht, sau sy 60o/ 2 gi t hm m 5.3% ri
em trch ly.
2. Xc nh c mt s yu t cho cng ngh trch ly gamma oryzanol
t cm go bng ethanol 96o l:
- T l dung mi ethanol 96o / cm go = 3 / 1.
- Trch ly 65 - 700C.
- Thi gian trch ly 4 gi l ph hp.
- Hiu sut trch ly gamma oryzanol t khong 86,84%.
3. a ra c quy trnh cng ngh trch ly gamma oryzanol t cm
go bng ehanol 96o.
5.2. NGH
Trong khun kh ca kha lun tt nghip ti c mt s kt qu
thnh cng bc u. Sau khi tt nghip chng ti hy vng:
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
- ti s c hon thin thm c cng ngh sn xut gamma

oryzanol t ph ph phm cm go.
- Nghin cu tip quy trinh tinh ch gamma oryzanol thu c
gamma oryzanol kt tinh t tin hnh ch bin to vin thc
phm chc nng t gamma oryzanol thu c quy m phng thi
nghim.
- Sn xut th thc phm chc nng quy m cng nghip.
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
TI LIU THAM KHO
Ti liu Ting Vit

1. B mn ha sinh trng H Dc HN Ha sinh hc NXB Y hc.
2. ThS. hu Phng - c san khoa hc k thut thc n chn nui - s
4/2004.
Ti liu nc ngoi
3. Cicero, A. F. G., and Gaddi, A. (2001) Rice bran oil and -oryzanol
in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias and other conditions. Phytotherapy
Research, 15(4) : 277-289.
4. Cheruvanky, R. (2003) Phytochemical products: rice bran. In
Phytochemical functional foods (Johnson, I. T., and Williamson, G., eds), pp.
347-376. CRC Press; Woodhead Publishing, Boca Raton, Fla; Cambridge.
5. Johnson, L.A., and E.W. Lusas, Comparison of Alternative Solvents
for Oils Extraction, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 60:229-242 (1983).
6. Health and Safety Guide No.59: n-Hexane Health and Safety Guide,
World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991.
7. Narumon N., Panvipa K., Chitkavee P., Aeumporn S., Rassmidara
H., Weena J., (2004). Preparation and evaluation of crude extract containing
oryzonol from rice bran oil.
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
8. Seetharamaiah, G.S., and J.V. Prabhakar, Oryzanol Content of Indian

Rice Bran Oil and Its Extraction from Soapstock, J. Food Sci. Technol.
23:270273 (1986).
9. Talwalkar, R.T., N.K. Grag, and C.R. Krishna Murti, Rice Bran a
Source Material for Pharmaceuticals, J. Food Sci. and Technol. 2:117-119
(1965).
10. Kahlon, T.S., R.M. Saunders, R.N. Sayre, F.I. Chow, M.M. Chiu,
and A.A. Betschart, Cholesterol Lowering Effects of Rice Bran and Rice
Bran oil Fractions in Hypercholesterolemic, Cereal Chem. 69:485 489
(1992).
11. Kim. J. S., Godber, J. S., King, J. M., and Prinyawiwatkul, W.
(2001) Inhibition of cholesterol autoxidation by the nonsaponnifiable fracion
in rice bran in an aqueous model system. JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil
Chemists Society.
12. Kaimal, T.N.B., Oryzanol from Rice Bran Oil, J. Oil Technol.
Assoc. India (1999).
13. Lloyd, B.J., Siebenmorgen, T.J and Beers, K.W.2000. Effect of
commercial processing on antioxidants in rice bran. Cereal Chemistry (2000).
14. Hegsted, M., and M.M. Windhauser, Reducing Human Heart
Disease Risk with Rice Bran, Louisiana Agriculture (1993).
15. Nicolosi, R.J., L.M. Ausman, and D.M.Hegsted, Rice Bran Oil
Lowers Serum Total and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Apo B
Levels in Nonhuman Primates, Atherosclerosis (1991).
16. Rukmini, C., Chemical, Nutritional and Toxicological Studies of
Rice Bran Oil, Food Chem (1988).
Kha lun tt nghip

17.
Sharma,
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52

R.D.,
and
C.
Rukmini,
Rice
Bran
Oil
and
Hypocholesterolemic in Rats, Lipids 21:715-717 (1986).

18. Seetharamaiah, G. S., and Chandrasekhara, N. (1989) Studies on
hypocholesterolemic activity of rice bran oil. Atherosclerosis, 78(2-3): 219223.
19. Shin, T., J.S. Godber, D.E. Martin, and J.H. Wells, Hydrolytic
Stability and Changes in E Vitamers and Oryzanol of Extruded Rice Bran
During Storage, J. Food Sci. 62:704708 (1997).
20. Yukihisa Tanaka, Ikuko Sakaki, Takeshi Ohkubo. Extraction of
phospholipids from salmon roe with supercritical carbon dioxide and an
entrainer. Journal of Oleo Science. 53, 417-424, 2004 (CA 141:394384).
Ti liu tham kho t internet
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
PH LC
H thng thit b trch ly, c v sy chn khng c s dng sn xut

Gamma oryzanol t cm go
Cm go sau khi trch ly gamma oryzanol
Du th trch ly t cm go
Qu trnh tch sp
Qu trnh kt tinh Gamma oryzanol
80
70
60
50
Hiu sut
40
trch ly (%)
30
20
10
0

0
2Khoa
Thi gian sy (gi)
Cng
4 ngh thc phm 51
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
th 4.1. nh hng thi gian sy n cht lng cm go sau sy
82
81
80
79
Hiu sut 78
trch ly (%) 77
76
75
74
73
n Hexan
Isopropyl
alcohol
Cn ethanol 96
Loi dung mi
th 4.2. nh hng ca loi dung mi n hiu sut trch ly
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
80
70
60
50
Hiu sut
40
trch ly (%)
30
20
10
0
65
75
96
Nng dung mi
th 4.3. nh hng nng dung mi cn ethanol n

hiu sut trch y
86
84
82
80
Hiu sut 78
trch ly (%) 76
74
72
70
68
45
55
65
70
75
Nhit ( C)
th 4.4. nh hng ca nhit n hiu sut trch ly
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
90
80
70
60
Hiu sut 50
trch ly (%) 40
30
20
10
0
1:1
2:1
3:1
4:1
5:1
T l dung mi
th 4.5. nh hng ca t l dung mi cn ethanol 96o n

hiu sut trch ly
90
80
70
60
Hiu sut 50
trch ly (%) 40
30
20
10
0
2.5
3.5
4.5
Thi gian (gi)
th 4.6. nh hng ca thi gian trch ly n hiu sut trch ly
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
nh hng ca thi gian sy ti cht lng cm sau sy

BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE
KQ FILE HS 14/ 5/** 10: 4
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
Anh huong cua thoi gian say toi chat luong cam sau say
VARIATE V003 KQ
LN SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=====================================================
========================
1 CT$
3 936.103
312.034
66.16 0.002 2
* RESIDUAL
4 18.8649
4.71623
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
7 954.968
136.424
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE HS 14/ 5/** 10: 4
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
MEANS FOR EFFECT CT$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
NOS
2
2
2
2
0
1
2
4
KQ
50.0000
64.1000
75.9300
76.5600
SE(N= 2)
1.53561
5%LSD 4DF
6.01928
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE HS 14/ 5/** 10: 4
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1
VARIATE
KQ
GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |CT$

(N= 8) -------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
NO.
BASED ON BASED ON % |
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS RESID SS
|
|
8 66.648
11.680
2.1717
3.3 0.0018
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
nh hng ca loi dung mi ti hiu sut trch ly

KQ FILE QUYEN 15/ 5/** 9:25
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
Anh huong cua loai dung moi toi hieu suat trich ly
VARIATE V003 KQ
DF SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=====================================================
========================
1 CT$
2 32.2177
16.1089
16.12 0.024 2
* RESIDUAL
3 2.99861
.999538
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
5 35.2164
7.04327
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE QUYEN 15/ 5/** 9:25
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
NOS
n - hexan
2
Isopropyl al
2
Con ethanol
2
KQ
79.3700
81.5600
75.9300
SE(N= 2)
0.706943
5%LSD 3DF
3.16807
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE QUYEN 15/ 5/** 9:25
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3
VARIATE
KQ

(N= 6) -------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
NO.
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS RESID SS
|
|
6 78.953
2.6539 0.99977
1.3 0.0244
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
nh hng ca nng dung mi ti hiu sut trch ly

KQ FILE NDDM 15/ 5/** 9:36
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
Anh huong cua nong do dung moi toi hieu suat trich ly
VARIATE V003 KQ
DF SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=====================================================
========================
1 CT$
2 1900.51
950.257
****** 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
3 2.26140
.753800
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
5 1902.77
380.555
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE NDDM 15/ 5/** 9:36
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
75
96
CT$
NOS
2
2
2
KQ
34.3700
43.7500
75.9300
SE(N= 2)
0.613922
5%LSD 3DF
2.75121
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE NDDM 15/ 5/** 9:36
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3
VARIATE
KQ

(N= 6) -------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
NO.
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS RESID SS
|
|
6 51.350
19.508 0.86822
1.7 0.0000
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
nh hng ca nhit ti hiu sut trch ly

KQ FILE ND 15/ 5/** 10: 2
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
Anh huong cua nhiet do toi hieu suat trich ly
VARIATE V003 KQ
DF SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=====================================================
========================
1 CT$
4 148.170
37.0425
83.40 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
5 2.22081
.444163
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
9 150.391
16.7101
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE ND 15/ 5/** 10: 2
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------45
55
65
70
75
CT$
NOS
2
2
2
2
2
KQ
75.0000
83.4200
84.2100
84.7300
85.5200
SE(N= 2)
0.471255
5%LSD 5DF
1.71185
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE ND 15/ 5/** 10: 2
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52

VARIATE
KQ

(N= 10) -------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
NO.
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS RESID SS
|
|
10 82.576
4.0878 0.66646
0.8 0.0003
nh hng ca t l dung mi ti hiu sut trch ly

KQ FILE TLDM 15/ 5/** 9:47
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
Anh huong cua ty le dung moi toi hieu suat trich ly
VARIATE V003 KQ
DF SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=====================================================
========================
1 CT$
4 5469.96
1367.49
****** 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
5 1.84003
.368007
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
9 5471.80
607.978
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TLDM 15/ 5/** 9:47
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1:1
2:1
3:1
4:1
5:1
CT$
NOS
2
2
2
2
2
KQ
27.5400
69.9800
86.5400
87.4200
89.4700
SE(N= 2)
0.428956
5%LSD 5DF
1.55820
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TLDM 15/ 5/** 9:47
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3
VARIATE
KQ

(N= 10) -------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
NO.
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS RESID SS
|
|
10 72.190
24.657 0.60664
0.8 0.0000
nh hng ca thi gian ti hiu sut trch ly

KQ FILE TG 15/ 5/** 10:13
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
Anh huong cua thoi gian toi hieu suat trich ly
VARIATE V003 KQ
DF SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=====================================================
========================
1 CT$
4 931.516
232.879
331.13 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
5 3.51641
.703283
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
9 935.033
103.893
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE TG 15/ 5/** 10:13
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------CT$
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
NOS
2
2
2
2
2
KQ
62.3400
69.9800
79.6500
86.8400
86.8900
Kha lun tt nghip
V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52
SE(N= 2)
0.592994
5%LSD 5DF
2.15407
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE TG 15/ 5/** 10:13
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3
VARIATE
KQ

(N= 10) -------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
NO.
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS RESID SS
|
|
10 77.140
10.193 0.83862
1.1 0.0001

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Kha lun tt nghip

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TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm 1

Kha lun tt nghip

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Ti xin cam oan rng, s liu v kt qu nghin cu trong kha lun

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm

Kha lun tt nghip

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Kha lun tt nghip ny c thc hin ti Vin C in Nng nghip

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm ii

Kha lun tt nghip

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Hiu sut trch ly................................................x

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm iii

Kha lun tt nghip

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Nhiu nghin cu trn th gii chng minh s dng cm

S lng dung mi.................................................19

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm iv

Kha lun tt nghip

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3.2.1. Nghin cu quy trnh trch ly Gamma oryzanol t

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm v

Kha lun tt nghip

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nhit 105oC. Sau 3 gi em i lm ngui trong bnh

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm vi

Kha lun tt nghip

V Thu Quyn BQCBBK52

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm vii

Kha lun tt nghip

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Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phmviii

Kha lun tt nghip

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Hnh 2.1. S lp cm go trong ht la

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm ix

Kha lun tt nghip

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DANH MC CH VIT TT V K HIU

Hiu sut trch ly

Lng hot cht tinh

Lng hot cht c trong nguyn liu

Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm x

Kha lun tt nghip

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Trng i hc Nng NghipHN

Khoa Cng ngh thc phm 1

Kha lun tt nghip

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Nhn thy c s cn thit ca vn nu trn, c s ng ca Vin