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ELECTRON QUANG IN CHUYN NG TRONG IN TRNG DC THEO NG SC
+ Cc bi ton thng gp l xt ht chuyn ng trong in trng u ca t in phng m hiu in th
gia hai bn t l U, khong cch gia hai bn t l d v chiu di ca hai bn t l l.
+ Vn tc ban u cc i trc khi bay vo:
m
eU
m
A
hc
v
h
2
=
|
.
|

\
|

2
=
0
0

1) Trng hp E v

0
v hp vi nhau mt gc o = 0 (cng phng cng chiu)
+ Electron chuyn ng chm dn u dc theo ng sc, vi vn tc ban u
0
v v gia tc c ln:
0 > = =
md
eU
m
eE
a .
+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng l:
2
2
0
at
t v S = .
+ Vn tc ti thi im t:

=
=
aS v v
at v v
2
2
0
0

+ Nu ht chuyn ng t im A n im B c 0 >
AB
U th vn tc ti B c tnh bng cch p dng nh
lut bo ton nng lng nh sau:
m
eU
v v
mv
eU
mv
AB
A B
B
AB
A
2
2 2
2
2 2
= = .
2) Trng hp E v

0
v hp vi nhau mt gc
0
180 = o (cng phng ngc chiu)
+ Electron chuyn ng nhanh dn u dc theo ng sc, vi vn tc ban u
0
v v gia tc c ln:
0 > = =
md
eU
m
eE
a .
+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng l:
2
2
0
at
t v S + = .
+ Vn tc ti thi im t c th tnh theo mt trong hai cng thc:

+ =
+ =
aS v v
at v v
2
2
0
0

+ Nu ht chuyn ng t im A n im B c 0 0 > <
BA AB
U U th vn tc ti B c tnh bng cch p
dng nh lut bo ton nng lng nh sau:
m
eU
v v
mv
eU
mv
BA
A B
B
BA
A
2
2 2
2
2 2
+ = = + .

1) Bi ton mu
Bi 1: Chiu nh sng c bc sng ( ) m 4 0 = , vo catt ca mt t bo quang in c cng thot electron
quang in l ( ) eV A 2 = .
1) Chng t rng c hin tng quang in xy ra. Vn ban u cc i ca electron quang in.
2) Khi hiu in th gia ant v catt l ( ) V U
AK
5 = th vn tc cc i ca electron quang in khi n ti
ant l bao nhiu?
Gii:
1) Gii hn quang in: ( ) ( ) 4 0 = > 62 0 =
10 6 1 2
10 3 10 625 6
= =
19
8 34
0
0
m m
A
hc
, ,
. , .
. . . ,
Xy ra hin tng quang in.
Vn tc ban u cc i: ( ) s m
m
A
hc
v /
. ,
. , .
. ,
. . . ,
.
6
0,623.10 =
10 1 9
|
|
.
|

\
|
10 6 1 2
10 4 0
10 3 10 625 6
2
=
|
.
|

\
|

2
=
31
19
6
8 34
0
0
.
2) Cch 1: Electron chuyn ng nhanh dn u dc theo ng sc: vi vn tc ban u v
0
= 0,623.10
6
(m/s)
v gia tc
d d md
eU
m
eE
a
12
31
19
10 8791 0
=
10 1 9
5 10 6 1
= = =
. ,
. ,
. . ,
. V vy vn tc cc i khi n ant tnh theo cng thc:
( ) s m d a v v / . , . , . . , . .
6 12 12 2 2
0
10 465 1 ~ 10 8791 0 2 + 10 623 0 = 2 + = .
Cch 2: tng ng nng bng cng ca ngoi lc:
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2
( ) s m
m
eU
v v eU
mv mv
/ . ,
. ,
. . , .
. ,
6
31
19
12 2 2
0
2
0
2
10 465 1 ~
10 1 9
5 10 6 1 2
+ 10 623 0 =
2
+ = =
2

2
.
S: 1) ( ) s m/
6
0,623.10 , 2) ( ) s m/ . ,
6
10 465 1 .
Bi 1: Chiu mt chm bc x in t c bc sng ( ) m 40 0 = , vo mt bn ca mt t in.
1) Hiu in th hm nh nht hai bn t phi bng bao nhiu electron thot ra trn bn ny bay trong
khong chn khng gia hai bn t v dng ngay trn bn kia.
2) Tnh in tch ca t lc . Bit din tch ca mi bn l ( )
2
400 = cm S , khong cch gia hai bn t l
( ) cm d 5 0 = , , cng thot electron l ( ) eV A 4 1 = , , hng s in mi l ( ) m F / . ,
12
0
10 86 8 = c . Bit in dung ca t
in phng tnh theo cng thc:
d
S
C
0
c = .
S: 1) ( ) V U
h
7 1 ~ , , 2) ( ) C Q
10
10 2 1 ~ . , .
Bi 10: (H Ngoi thng 2001) Khi chiu mt bc x c bc sng = 600 (nm) vo b mt catt ca mt
t bo quang in c cng thot A = 1,8 (eV).
1) Bit cng sut bc x ca ngun sng l P = 2 (mW) v c 1000 ht phtn ti p vo catt th c 2
electron bt ra. Tnh cng dng quang in bo ho.
2) Dng mn chn tch ra mt chm hp cc electron quang in c vn tc ln nht ri cho bay t A n B
trong mt in trng m hiu in th ( ) V U
AB
20 = . Tnh vn tc ca electron ti im B.
S: 1) ( ) A i
bh
6
10 93 1 = . , , 2) ( ) s m v
B
/ . ,
6
10 67 2 = .

Electron quang in chuyn ng trong in trng theo phng vung gc vi ng sc
+ Cc bi ton thng gp l xt ht chuyn ng trong in trng u ca t in phng m hiu in th
gia hai bn t l U, khong cch gia hai bn t l d v chiu di ca hai bn t l l.
+ Vn tc ban u cc i trc khi bay vo:
m
eU
m
A
hc
v
h
2
=
|
.
|

\
|

2
=
0
0

3) Trng hp E v

0

+ Chn h trc to vung gc Oxy, gc O trng vi v tr lc ht i vo t in, trc Ox c phng song
song vi hai bn t c chiu cng vi chiu chuyn ng ca ht v trc Oy c phng chiu trng vi phng
chiu ca lc in tc dng ln ht.
+ Phn tch chuyn ng thnh hai thnh phn:
+ Theo phng Ox: chuyn ng qun tnh vi vn tc
0
v , cn theo phng Oy: chuyn ng bin i u vi
vn tc ban u bng 0 v gia tc c ln: 0 > = =
md
eU
m
eE
a .
+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng ca electron trong in trng l:

2
=
=
2
0
at
y
t v x

+ Phng trnh qu o:
2
2
0
2
= x
v
a
y (Parabol).
+ Vn ca ht thi im t: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0
2 2 2 2
+ = + = + = at v y x v v v
y x
' ' .
+ Gi t l thi gian chuyn ng trong in trng, hai trng hp c th xy ra:
Nu ht i c ra khi t ti im D c to ( )
D D
y x , th:
0
2
0
= t

2
t
=
= t =
v
l
a
y
l v x
D
D

Nu ht chm vo bn dng ti im C c to ( )
C C
y x , th:
a
h
h
a
y
v x
C
C
2
= t

=
2
t
=
t =
2
0

V vy,
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
= t
0
a
h
v
l
, min .
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+ Gi l gc lch ca phng chuyn ng ca ht ti im M c honh x th c th tnh bng mt trong
hai cch sau:
- chnh l gc hp bi tip tuyn ti im so vi trc honh, tc l:
2
'
o
x
v
ax
tg y tg = =
- l gc hp bi vct vn tc v trc Ox ti thi im t:
2
0 0
'
'
v
ax
v
at
x
y
v
v
tg
x
y
= = = = .
1. Bi ton mu
Bi 1: (H Xy dng HN 2001) Xt mt t bo quang in.
1) Khi chiu vo catt ca t bo quang in mt bc x n sc c bc sng ( ) m 495 0, th c hin tng
quang in. trit tiu dng quang in, gia ant v catt phi c mt hiu in th hm U
h
. Hi hiu in
th hm thay i bao nhiu nu nh bc sng ca bc x trn
gim 1,5 ln.
2) Bit cng thot electron ca catt ( ) eV A 875 1 = , . Chiu vo
catt ca t bo quang in mt bc x n sc c bc sng .
Tch mt chm hp cc electron quang in bn ra t catt cho
i vo in trng u ca mt t in phng ti im O cch
u hai bn t. Vn tc ban u
0
v

ca cc electron quang in
c phng song song vi hai bn t (xem hnh 9.II.IV). Bit hiu
in th gia hai bn t ( ) V U 45 0 = , , khong cch gia hai bn t
( ) cm d 2 = , chiu di ca t ( ) cm l 5 = . Tnh bc sng
khng c electron no bay ra khi t in. B tc dng ca trng
lc.
Gii:
1) Theo cng thc Anhxtanh:
2
+ =

2
0
mv
A
hc
.
+ Theo nh ngha hiu in th hm:
2
=
2
0
mv
eU
h
nn ta c:
h
eU A
hc
+ =

(1)
+ Tng t khi bc sng gim 1,5 ln th hiu in th hm phi tng: ( ) U U e A
hc
h
A + + =
2
3
(2).
+ T (1) v (2) rt ra: ( ) V
e
hc
U 25 1 ~
10 495 0 10 6 1 2
10 3 10 625 6
=
2
= A
6 19
8 34
,
. , . . , .
. . . ,
.
2) Sau khi chiu bc x
1
chm electron quang in bay ra vi vn tc
0
v , v electron quang in tip tc i
vo trong in trng ca t in. Phn tch chuyn ng thnh hai thnh phn:
+ Theo phng Ox: chuyn ng qun tnh vi vn tc
0
v , cn theo phng Oy: chuyn ng bin i u vi
vn tc ban u bng 0 v gia tc c ln:
( )
2 12
2 31
19
10 4 ~
10 2 10 1 9
45 0 10 6 1
= = = s m
md
eU
m
eE
a / .
. . . ,
, . . ,

+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng ca electron trong in trng l:

2
=
=
2
0
at
y
t v x

+ Phng trnh qu o:
a
v
y x x
v
a
y
2
0 2 2
2
0
2
=
2
= . (1) (Parabol).
+ iu kin electron khng ra khi t in l khi
2
=
d
y th l x s . Thay vo (1) suy ra:
( ) J
d
mal mv
l
a
v d
19
2 12 31 2 2
0 2
2
0
10 275 2 =
02 0 2
05 0 10 4 10 1 9
=
2
s
2
s
2
2
. ,
. .
. . . . . ,
. . iu kin ny s c tho mn nu n c
tho mn vi cc electron quang in c ng nng cc i: A
hc mv

=
2
2
0 max
.

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Do : ( ) m
A
hc
A
hc
6
19 19
8 34
19
19
10 377 0 ~
10 275 2 + 10 785 1 6 1
10 3 10 625 6
=
10 275 2 +
> 10 275 2 s

. ,
. , . , . ,
. . . ,
. ,
. , .
+ Tt nhin, xy ra hin tng quang in th iu kin u tin l:
( ) m
A
hc
6
19
8 34
0
10 66 0 ~
10 785 1 6 1
10 3 10 625 6
= = s . ,
. , . ,
. . . ,
.
+ Tm li: ( ) ( ) m m
6 6
10 663 0 s s 10 377 0 . , . , .
S: 1) ( ) V U 25 1 ~ A , , 2) ( ) ( ) m m
6 6
10 663 0 s s 10 377 0 . , . , .
Bi 2: Hai bn kim loi phng c di ( ) cm l 30 = t nm ngang, song
song cch nhau mt khong ( ) cm d 16 = . Gia hai bn t c mt hiu
in th ( ) V U 55 4 = , . Hng mt chm hp cc electron quang in c
vn tc cc i
0
v

(c bt ra t tm kim loi c gii hn quang in

( ) m 62 0 =
0
, khi chiu bc x c bc sng ( ) m 25 0 = , ), theo phng
ngang i vo gia hai bn ti im O cch u hai bn (xem hnh
10.II.IV). Xem in trng gia hai bn l u v b qua tc dng ca
trng lc i vi electron.
1) Xc nh dng qu o ca chm electron khi i trong khong gia
hai bn v thi gian chuyn ng trong .
2) Xc nh phng chiu v ln ca vct vn tc electron khi n va ra khi hai bn.
Gii:
+ T cng thc Anhxtanh suy ra vn tc ban u cc i ca cc electron quang in:
( ) s m
m
hc hc
v /
. ,
. ,
. . . ,
. ,
. . . ,
6
31
6
8 34
6
8 34
0
0
10 ~
10 1 9
|
|
.
|

\
|
10 62 0
10 3 10 625 6

10 25 0
10 3 10 625 6
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
=
+ Phn tch chuyn ng thnh hai thnh phn:
+ Theo phng Ox: chuyn ng qun tnh vi vn tc
0
v , cn theo phng Oy: chuyn ng bin i u vi
vn tc ban u bng 0 v gia tc c ln:
( )
2 12
2 31
19
10 5 =
10 16 10 1 9
55 4 10 6 1
= = = s m
md
eU
m
eE
a / .
. . . ,
, . . ,

+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng ca electron trong in trng l:

2
=
=
2
0
at
y
t v x

+ Phng trnh qu o:
2 2
12
12
2
2
0
5 2 =
10 2
10 5
=
2
= x x x
v
a
y ,
.
.
(Parabol).
+ Gi t l thi gian chuyn ng trong in trng, hai trng hp c th xy ra:
Nu ht i c ra khi t ti im D c to ( )
D D
y x , th: ( ) s
v
l
a
y
l v x
D
D
7
6
0
2
0
10 3 =
10
3 0
= = t

2
t
=
= t =
.
,

Nu ht chm vo bn dng ti im C c to ( )
C C
y x , th:
( ) ( ) s s
a
d
d a
y
v x
C
C
7 7
12
2
2
0
10 . 3 10 . 8 , 1
10 . 5
10 . 16
2 2

< = = =

= =
=
t
t
t
: chng t electron p vo bn dng. V
vy, thi gian chuyn ng l ( ) s
7
10 . 8 , 1

= t .
2) Gi | l gc hp bi vct vn tc v trc Ox ti thi im ht bt u i ra ngoi (lc ny t = t) th:
0
6
7 12
0
42
10
10 . 8 , 1 . 10 . 5
'
'
~ = = = =

| |
v
at
x
y
v
v
tg
x
y
.
+ ln vn tc ti :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) s m at v y x v v v
y x
/ . , . . . ' '
6
2
7 12 12 2 2
0
2 2 2 2
10 8 1 ~ 10 3 10 5 + 10 = + = + = + = .

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S: 1) ( ) s
7
10 3 = t . , 2) ( ) s m v / . ,
6
10 8 1 ~ .
Electron quang in chuyn ng trong in trng theo phng bt k
1) Trng hp y v O v
0

hp vi nhau mt gc
0 0
90 0 < <o
+ Chn h trc to vung gc Oxy, gc O trng vi
v tr lc ht i vo t in, trc Ox c phng song
song vi hai bn t c chiu cng vi chiu chuyn
ng ca ht v trc Oy c phng chiu trng vi
phng chiu ca lc in tc dng ln ht.
+ Phn tch chuyn ng thnh hai thnh phn:
+ Theo phng Ox: chuyn ng qun tnh vi vn
tc o =
0 0
sin v v
x
, cn theo phng Oy, chuyn ng
bin i u vi vn tc ban o cos
0 0
v v
y
= v vi gia
tc c ln: 0 > = =
md
eU
m
eE
a .
+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng l:
( )
( )

+ =
=
2
cos
sin
2
0
0
at
t v y
t v x
o
o

+ Phng trnh qu o:
( )x g x
v
a
y o
o
cot
sin 2
2
2 2
0
+ = (Parabol)
+ Gi t thi gian chuyn ng th ( ) h
a
v h y = + =
2
cos
2
0
t
t o
+ Ht p vo bn dng ti im C c to :
( )
( )

+ =
=
2
sin
sin
2
0
0
t
t o
t o
a
v y
v x
C
C

2) Trng hp Oy v v
0

hp vi nhau mt gc
0 0
180 90 < <o
+ Chn h trc to vung gc Oxy, gc O
trng vi v tr lc ht i vo t in, trc Ox c
phng song song vi hai bn t c chiu cng
vi chiu chuyn ng ca ht v trc Oy c
phng chiu trng vi phng chiu ca lc
in tc dng ln ht.
+ Phn tch chuyn ng thnh hai thnh phn:
+ Theo phng Ox, chuyn ng qun tnh vi
vn tc o =
0 0
sin v v
x
, cn theo phng Oy,
chuyn ng bin i u vi vn tc ban u
o =
0 0
cos v v
y
v vi gia tc c ln:
0 > = =
md
eU
m
eE
a .
+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng l:
( )
( )

2
+ o =
o =
2
0
0
at
t v y
t v x
cos
sin

+ Phng trnh qu o: ( )x g x
v
a
y o
o 2
=
2
2 2
0
cot
sin
(Parabol)


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+ To nh:

2
o
=
2
o 2
=
2 2
0
2
0
a
v
y
a
v
x
D
D
cos
sin

+ Gi t thi gian chuyn ng th ( ) h
a
v h y = + =
2
cos
2
0
t
t o
+ Ht p vo bn dng ti im C c to :
( )
( )

2
t
+ t o =
t o =
2
0
0
a
v y
v x
C
C
sin
sin

1. Bi ton mu
Bi 1: Khi chiu mt bc x c bc sng = 0,2632 (m) vo b mt catt ca mt t bo quang in c
cng thot ( ) J A
19
10 3 = . th cc electron quang in bt ra vi vn tc ban u cc i
0
v

. Dng mn chn
tch ra mt chm hp cc electron quang in c vn tc cc i
0
v

v hng vo khng gian gia hai bn ca

mt t in phng ti im O theo phng hp vi vct cng in trng mt gc
0
75 = o (xem hnh
11.II.IV ). B qua tc dng ca trng lc. Bit khong cch gia hai bn t l d = 10 (cm), hiu in th gia
hai bn t l ( ) V U 2 2 = , , electron bay ra khi t in theo phng song song vi hai bn. Xc nh chiu di
ca mi bn t.
Gii:
+ T cng thc Anhxtanh suy ra vn tc ban u cc i ca cc electron quang in:
( ) s m
m
A
hc
v /
. ,
.
. ,
. . . ,
6
31
19
6
8 34
0
10 ~
10 1 9
|
|
.
|

\
|
10 3
10 2632 0
10 3 10 625 6
2
=
|
.
|

\
|

2
= .
+ Phn tch chuyn ng thnh hai thnh phn:
+ Chuyn ng ca electron trong in trng ging nh chuyn ng ca vt nn xin. Theo phng Ox:
chuyn ng qun tnh vi vn tc c ln: o =
0 0
sin v v
x
, cn
theo phng Oy: chuyn ng bin i u vi vn tc ban u
c ln o =
0
cos v v
oy
vi gia tc c ln:
( )
2 12
31
19
10 868 3 ~
1 0 10 1 9
2 2 10 6 1
= = = s m
md
eU
m
eE
a / . ,
, . . ,
, . . ,
.
+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng l:
( )
( )

2
+ o =
o =
2
0
0
at
t v y
t v x
cos
sin

+ Phng trnh qu o: ( )x g x
v
a
y o
o 2
=
2
2 2
0
cot
sin
(Parabol)
+ To nh:

2
o
=
2
o 2
=
2 2
0
2
0
a
v
y
a
v
x
D
D
cos
sin

+ Electron bay ra khi t in theo phng song song vi hai bn
ch c th xy ra khi:
( ) ( ) cm m l
l
d
a
v
a
v
l
d
a
v
y
l
a
v
x
D
D
5 6 = 065 0 ~

1 0 <
10 868 3 2
75 10
10 868 3 2
150 10
=

<
2
o
2
o 2
=

<
2
o
=
=
2
o 2
=
12
0 2 12
12
0 12
2 2
0
2
0
2 2
0
2
0
, ,
,
. , .
cos
. , .
sin .
cos
sin
cos
sin

S: ( ) cm l 5 6 ~ , .

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Bi 4: (H Kin trc HN 2000) Hai bn cc A, B ca mt t in phng lm bng kim loi c cng thot
( ) eV A 5 2 =
0
, . Khong cch gia hai bn l ( ) cm d 4 = . Chiu vo tm O ca bn A mt bc x n sc c bc
sng ( ) m 3 0 = , (xem hnh 12.II.IV).
1) Tnh vn tc ban u cc i ca cc electron quang in b bt ra.
2) t gia hai bn A v B mt hiu in th ( ) V U
AB
55 4 = , .
a) Cc electron quang in c th ti cch bn B mt on gn nht l bao nhiu?
b) Khi cc electron quang in ri tr li bn A, im ri cch O mt on xa nht bng bao nhiu?
Gii:
1) T cng thc Anhxtanh suy ra vn tc ban u cc i ca cc electron quang in:
( ) s m
m
A
hc
v / . ,
. ,
. , . ,
. ,
. . . ,
6
31
19
6
8 34
0
10 76 0 ~
10 1 9
|
|
.
|

\
|
10 6 1 5 2
10 3 0
10 3 10 625 6
2
=
|
.
|

\
|

2
= .
2) Ta ch cn kho st chuyn ng ca cc electron quang in c vn tc ban u cc i. Gi s vn tc ban
u ca electron quang in hp vi trc Ox mt gc bt k o. Phn tch chuyn ng ca electron quang in
thnh hai thnh phn:
+ Theo phng Ox: chuyn ng qun tnh vi vn tc c ln o =
0 0
sin v v
x
, cn theo phng Oy: chuyn
ng bin i u vi vn tc ban u c ln o =
0 0
cos v v
y
v vi gia tc c ln:
( )
2 13
2 31
19
10 2 =
10 4 10 1 9
55 4 10 6 1
= = = s m
md
eU
m
eE
a / .
. . . ,
, . . ,
.
+ V vy phng trnh chuyn ng l:
( )
( )

2
o =
o =
2
0
0
at
t v y
t v x
sin
cos

+ Phng trnh qu o: ( )x tg x
v
a
y o +
o 2
=
2
2 2
0
cos
(Parabol)
+ To nh:

2
o
=
2
o 2
=
2 2
0
2
0
a
v
y
a
v
x
D
D
sin
sin

+ Ht p vo bn dng ti im C c to :

0 =
o 2
= 2 =
2
0
C
D C
y
a
v
x x
sin
.

a) Cc electron quang in bn B mt on gn nht khi:
( ) ( ) cm m
a
v
y
a
v
y
D D
444 1 = 01444 0 =
10 2 2
10 76 0
=
2
= 90 = o =
2
o
=
13
12 2 2
0 0
2 2
0
, ,
. .
. ,
max
sin
max
.
+ Vy, cc electron quang in c th ti cch bn B mt on gn nht l: ( ) cm y d
D
556 2 = ,
max

b) Khi cc electron quang in ri tr li bn A, im ri cch O mt on xa nht khi:
( ) ( ) cm m
a
v
x
a
v
x
C C
888 2 = 02888 0 =
10 2
10 76 0
= = 1 = o 2 =
o 2
=
13
12 2 2
0
2
0
, ,
.
. ,
sin max
sin
max
.
+ Vy, im ri cch O mt khong xa nht l ( ) cm 888 2, .
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8
S: 1)
( )
2 6
10 76 0 s m/ . ,
, 2) a)
( ) cm 444 1, , b)
( ) cm 888 2, .
2. Bi ton t
luyn
Bi 7: (H
Cng on
2001) Chiu
ln lt hai bc
x
( ) m 555 0 =
1
,
v
( ) nm 377 =
2

vo catt ca
mt t bo
quang in th
thy hiu in
th hm c ln gp bn ln nhau.
1) Tm gii hn quang in
0
ca kim loi lm catt.
2) Chiu bc x
1
vo catt, tm iu kin ca hiu in th
AK
U khng c dng quang in.
3) t hiu in th gia ant v catt l U
AK
= 1 (V). Tm vn tc cc i ca electron quang in lc n
ant.
4) Coi ant v catt l cc bn phng song song v cch nhau mt khong d = 1 (cm). Tm bn knh ln nht
ca min trn ant c electron quang in p vo. Trong trng hp ny vn chiu bc x
1
vo tm ca
catt v U
AK
= 1 (V).
S: 1) ( ) m 6587 0 =
0
, , 2) ( ) V U
AK
352 0 = , , 3) ( ) s m v / . ,
max
5
10 896 6 = , 4) ( ) cm R 33 2 = ,
max
.
Bi 8: Xt mt t bo quang in c cng thot electron ca catt
( ) J A
19
10 3 = . . Chiu vo catt ca t bo quang in mt bc
x n sc c bc sng . Tch mt chm hp cc electron
quang in bn ra t catt vi vn ban u cc i cho i vo
in trng u ca mt t in phng ti im O cch u hai
bn t. Vn tc ban u
0
v

ca cc electron quang in c
phng song song vi hai bn t (xem hnh 13.II.IV). Bit hiu
in th gia hai bn t ( ) V U 6 = , khong cch gia hai bn t
( ) cm d 10 = , chiu di ca t ( ) cm l 50 = . Tnh gi tr ln nht ca
bc sng cc electron bay ra khi t in. B tc dng ca
trng lc.
S: ( ) m 22 0 = .
max
.
Bi 9: Khi ri vo catt phng ca mt t bo quang in bc x
in t c bc sng ( ) m 33 0 = , th c th lm dng quang
in trit tiu bng cch ni ant v catt ca t bo quang in
vi hiu in th ( ) V U
AK
3125 0 = , .
1) Xc nh gii hn quang in ca kim loi lm catt.
2) Ant ca t bo cng c dng phng song song vi catt, t i din v cch catt mt khong
( ) cm d 1 = . Hi khi ri chm bc x rt hp trn vo tm ca catt v t mt hiu in th ( ) V U
AK
55 4 = , , th
bn knh ln nht ca vng trn b mt ant m cc electron ti p vo bng bao nhiu?
S: 1) ( ) m 36 0, , 2) ( ) mm R 22 5 = ,
max
.
Electron quang in chuyn ng trong t trng
1) Trng hp B v

0



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+ Lc Loren tc dng ln electron phng lun lun vung gc vi phng ca vn tc, v vy electron chuyn
ng trn u vi bn knh qu o R.
+ Lc Loren tc dng ln electron (c ln B v e F
L 0
= . ) ng vai tr l lc hng tm (c ln
R
mv
F
ht
2
0
= ),
tc l
eB
mv
R
R
mv
B ev
0
2
0
0
= =
2) Trng hp gc gia B v

v
0
l o
+ Ta phn tch: ( )

o =
o =
+ =
0
0
0
sin
cos
v v
v v
v v v v v
n
t
n t n t
B vi gc vung cn , B vi song song

+ Thnh phn
n
v

gy ra chuyn ng trn, Lc Loren tc dng ln electron (c ln B ev F

n L
= ) ng vai tr
l lc hng tm (c ln
R
mv
F
n
ht
2
= ), tc l:
eB
mv
eB
mv
R
R
mv
B ev
n n
n
o
= = =
0
2
sin
.
Thi gian cn thit electron chuyn ng ht 1 vng trn l:
o
t 2
=
t 2
=
e
t 2
=
0
sin v
R
R
v
T
n

+ Thnh phn
t
v

gy ra chuyn ng qun tnh theo phng song song vi B

. Trong thi gian T, chuyn ng

trn i ht 1 vng th ng thi n cng tin c theo phng song song vi B

mt on gi l bc c:
o
t 2
=
o
t 2
o = =
0
0
tg
R
v
R
v T v h
t
sin
. cos .
+ Electron tham gia ng thi hai chuyn ng: chuyn ng trn do
n
v

gy ra v chuyn ng qun tnh theo

phng song song vi B

do
t
v

gy ra. Vy chuyn ng
ca electron l s tng hp ca hai chuyn ng n trn, kt
qu l electron chuyn ng theo ng inh c, vi bc
c v bn knh ln lt l:
o
t 2
=
tg
R
h ,
eB
mv
R
o
=
0
sin
.
1. Bi ton mu
Bi 1: ( tuyn sinh H, C 2002) Chiu bc x c
bc sng ( ) m 533 0 = , ln tm kim loi c cng thot
( ) J A
19
10 3 = . . Dng mn chn tch ra mt chm hp cc
electron quang in v cho chng bay vo mt t trng
u theo theo hng vung gc vi phng ca ng cm
ng t. Bit bn knh cc i ca qu o electron l
( ) mm R 75 22 = , . Tm ln cm ng t B ca t trng. B
qua tng tc gia cc electron.
Gii:
+ Theo cng thc Anhxtanh v hin tng quang in:
|
.
|

\
|

2
=
2
1
+ =

0
2
0
A
hc
m
v v m A
hc
e
e max max
.
+ Thay s: ( ) s / m . .
. ,
. . . ,
. ,
v
max
5 19
6
8 34
31
0
10 5 =
|
|
.
|

\
|
10 3
10 533 0
10 3 10 625 6
10 1 9
2
= .
+ Khi electron chuyn ng trong t trng c B

hng vung gc vi v

th n chu tc dng ca lc
Lorenx F
L
c ln khng i v lun vung gc vi v

, nn lc F
L
ng vai tr l lc hng tm v qu o
l trn.
eB
v m
r
r
v m
Bve F
e e
L
= = =
2
.
+ Nh vy nhng electron c vn tc v
0max
s c bn knh qu o cc i: r = R.

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+ Cm ng t: ( ) T
eR
v m
B
e 4
3 19
5 31
0
10 =
10 75 22 10 6 1
10 4 10 1 9
= =
. , . . ,
. . . ,
max
.
S: ( ) T B
4
10

=
Bi 2: Khi chiu mt bc x vo b mt catt ca mt t bo quang in c gii hn quang in ( ) m 5 0 =
0
,
th cc electron quang in bn ra vi vn tc cc i v
0.
. Khi hng electron quang in vo mt t trng u
c cm ng t ( ) T B
6
10 2 = . th n chuyn ng theo mt ng inh c c bn knh ( ) m R 1 = v bc c
( ) cm h 5 = (xem hnh 14.II.IV).
1) Tnh vn tc ban u cc i ca electron quang in.
2) Tnh bc sng ca bc x chiu xung catt.
Gii:
1) Vn tc ban u cc i ca electron quang in.
+ Ta phn tch: ( )

o =
o =
+ =
0
0
0
sin
cos
v v
v v
v v v v v
n
t
n t n t
B vi gc vung cn , B vi song song

+ Electron tham gia ng thi hai chuyn ng: chuyn ng trn do
n
v

gy ra v chuyn ng qun tnh theo

phng song song vi B

do
t
v

gy ra. Vy chuyn ng ca electron l s tng hp ca hai chuyn ng n

trn, kt qu l electron chuyn ng theo ng inh c, vi bc c v bn knh ln lt l:
o
t 2
=
tg
R
h (1),
eB
mv
R
o
=
0
sin
(2).
+ T (2), suy ra:
o
=
0
sin . m
eBR
v (3)
+ T (1), suy ra:

0
54 89 ~ o
05 0
1 t 2
=
t 2
= o ,
,
. .
h
R
tg .
Thay gi tr ny vo (3), ta c: ( ) s m
m
eBR
v / . ,
, sin . . ,
. . . . ,
sin .
5
0 31
6 19
0
10 517 3 ~
54 89 10 1 9
1 10 2 10 6 1
=
o
=
2) T phng trnh Anhxtanh suy ra bc sng chiu xung catt tnh theo cng thc:
2
10 517 3 10 1 9
+
10 5 0
10 3 10 625 6
=

10 3 10 625 6

2
+

10 2 31
6
8 34 8 34 2
0
0
. , . . ,
. ,
. . . , . . . , mv hc hc

( ) ( ) m m 44 0 = 10 44 0 ~
10 538 4
10 875 19
= 10 563 0 + 10 975 3 =

10 875 19

6
19
26
19 19
26
, . ,
. ,
. ,
. , . ,
. ,

S: 1) ( ) s m/ . ,
5
10 517 3 , 2) ( ) m 44 0, .
2. Bi ton t luyn
Bi 3: Khi chiu mt bc x c bc sng
( ) m 546 , 0 = vo b mt catt ca mt t bo
quang in, ngi ta thu c dng quang in bo
ho I = 2 (mA). Bit cng sut bc x in t l P =
1,515 (W).
1) Xc nh hiu sut lng t.
2) Dng mn chn tch ra mt chm hp cc
electron quang in c vn tc cc i v hng n
vo mt t trng u cm ng t ( ) T B
4
10

=
vung gc vi phng vn tc ban u ca
electron. Th qu o electron i trong t trng l
ng trn c bn knh ( ) cm R 332 , 2 = . Tnh vn
tc ban u cc i ca electron v bc sng gii
hn quang in
0
.
1) 003 0 = , H , 2) a) ( ) s m v / . ,
5
10 1 4 = , b) ( ) m 691 0 =
0
, .

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Bi 4: Khi chiu mt bc x c bc sng ( ) m 56 , 0 = vo b mt catt ca mt t bo quang in c cng
thot ( ) eV A 9 , 1 = .
1) Xc nh bc sng gii hn quang in
0
.
2) Dng mn chn tch ra mt chm hp cc electron quang in v hng n vo mt t trng u cm ng
t B = ( ) T B
4
10 . 1 , 6

= vung gc vi phng vn tc ban u ca electron. Xc nh bn knh cc i ca
qu o electron i trong t trng.
3) Mun tng vn tc ban u ca electron ngi ta nn lm th no trong cc phng n sau: thay i cng
chm sng v gi nguyn bc sng bc x hay lm ngc li? Khi bc sng bc x khng i th cng
chm sng c nh hng g?
S: 1) ( ) m 6513 0 =
0
, , 2) ( ) cm R 06 3 = ,
max
, 3) Gim bc sng nh sng kch thch. Tng cng chm sng.
Bi 5: Catt ca mt t bo quang in c bc sng gii hn quang in
0
.
1) Ln lt chiu vo b mt catt cc bc x c bc sng 0,35 (m) v 0,54 (m) th thy vn tc ban u
cc i ca electron quang in khc nhau hai ln.
2) Nu chiu vo catt nh sng trng c bc sng tho mn 0,4 (m) s s 0,76 (m) th phi t vo mt
hiu in th hm bng bao nhiu dng quang in trit tiu?
3) Dng mn chn tch ra mt chm hp cc electron quang in c vn tc v
0
= 6.10
6
(m/s) v hng n vo
mt in trng u dc theo ng sc t A n B (hiu in th gia hai im l -10 (V)). Sau khi ra khi
in trng tip tc cho electron bay vo mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 2.10
-4
(T) theo phng vung
gc vi phng ca ng cm ng t. Xc nh bn knh cc i ca qu o electron i trong t trng v
lc t tc dng ln electron .
S: 1) ( ) m 66 0 =
0
, , 2) ( ) V U
h
5 1 = , , 3) ( ) cm R 7 5 = ,
max
.
Bi 6: Khi chiu mt bc x

= 0,485 (m) vo b mt catt ca mt t bo quang in c cng thot A

= 2,1
(eV). Hng electron quang in c vn tc cc i vo mt in trng u v mt t trng u c cm ng
t B = 10
-4
(T) th n vn chuyn ng theo mt ng thng. Bit vc t E

song song vi Ox, vc t B

song
song vi Oy, vc t v

song song vi Oz (Oxyz l h trc to cc vung gc). ln ca vc t cng

in trng l:
A. ( ) m / V E 20 = .
B. ( ) m / V E 30 =
C. ( ) m V E / 40 =
Bi 7: (H Nng 2001) Chiu ln lt hai bc x ( ) ( ) m v m 3 0 = 25 0 =
2 1
, , vo mt tm kim loi,
ngi ta thy vn tc ban u cc i ca electron quang in ln lt l:
( ) ( ) s m v v s m v / . , / . ,
5
2
5
1
10 93 4 = 10 31 7 = .
1) Xc nh khi lng ca electron v gii hn quang in ca tm kim loi trn.
2) Dng mn chn tch ra mt chm hp cc electron quang in c vn tc ban u cc i v
1
v hng n
vo mt t trng u c cm ng t ( ) T B
5
10 1 9 = . , theo hng vung gc vi t trng. Xc nh bn knh
cc i ca qu o cc electron i trong t trng.
3) Bn knh cc i ca qu o cc electron quang in thay i th no nu:
a) Gim cng ca chm bc x kch thch.
b) Gim bc sng ca chm bc x kch thch.
S: 1) ( ) ( ) m kg m 3609 0 = 10 14 9 =
0
31
, , . , , 2) ( ) cm R 59 4 = ,
max
, 3) a) khng thay i, b) Tng khi bc sng
gim.