Ngp lt ti thnh ph H Ch Minh 1.

Thc trng v nguyn nhn Thnh ph H Ch Minh li nm trn vng ca cc con sng ln: Lng Tu, Soi Rp l ni thot nc ca h thng sng ng Nai vi b bin (khong 70-80km) nn mt mt chu p lc ca nc ngun t trn v hoc khi ma xung, mt khc li chu p lc ca bin t di dng ln quanh nm l lc triu cao, xm nhp mn, gi bo v tnh trng mc nc bin dng do kh hu tri t m dn ln (d bo nc bin c th dng cao khong 1m so vi hin nay vo cui th k ny). Triu, l, ma v cc t hp ca chng chnh l nguyn nhn gy ngp. Ngp l mt vn hin nay ca thnh ph H Ch Minh, l mi quan tm hng u trong qu trnh nng cao cht lng th thnh ph. Cc trn ma xung, l v v cc t triu cng lm ngp lt, khng ch ring vng t thp khu vc ngoi thnh m ngay c mt s qun trong khu vc ni thnh nh Bnh Thnh, Q.6, Q.7, Q.8 v.v lm nh hng n s pht trin kinh t x hi v gy nn nhng kh khn v thit hi ng k cho ngi dn. in hnh nh cc ng: u C, Bu Ct, Trng Cng nh (Q.Tn Bnh), Bnh Long, Ly Bn Bch (Q.Tn Ph), An Dng Vng, Kinh Dng Vng, Tn La (Q.Bnh Tn), Phan Vn Hn (Q.12), X Vit Ngh Tnh, Nguyn Hu Cnh, Ung Vn Khim (Q.Bnh Thnh), Thnh Thi, Ng Quyn (Q.10)

Theo i biu Nguyn Phc Tho, Gim c Trung tm chng ngp nc thnh ph H Ch Minh (TTCN), trong nm 2011, thnh ph H Ch Minh phi ng ph vi nhiu bt li v thi tit. Ma c v lng trn 70 mm tng 40% so vi nm 2010. Triu cng lin tc lp k lc mi: 1,57m (thng 10-2011) v 1,58m (thng 11-2011). Nguyn nhn gy ngp ng c cho l do tnh trng ln chim knh rch lm thu hp dng chy, khin nc nc t trong cc h thng cng ngm cng khng thot kp ra knh rch. Vic san lp knh rch xy dng h tng th, khu dn c lm mt din tch tr nc v thot nc. Tnh trng thi cng chn dng, gy ngp cho khu vc d n cn ph bin, c bit l thi cng gy ngp trong cc ng, hm su. Theo cc nh chuyn mn, mun thot nc tt, c 1km ng th phi c 2km cng. Qua kho st cho thy, trn a bn thnh ph H Ch Minh c khong trn 3000 km ng, nhng ch c gn 1500km cng. Nh vy, thnh ph mi ch xy dng c 30% khi lng cng p ng thot nc trn cc tuyn ng.

2. Gii php xut v kt qu t c Thnh ph H Ch Min bt u tuyn chin vi tnh trng ngp lt t gn 10 nm nay. Tuy nhin, sau ngn y thi gian u t tin ca v cng sc, tnh trng ngp lt thnh ph H Ch Min nhn chung vn cha c chuyn bin g ng k. My nm qua, thnh ph H Ch Minh tp trung hng nghn t ng xy dng cc d n chng ngp ln nh: D n bao b hu sng Si Gn; d n v sinh mi trng nc Nhiu Lc - Th Ngh, xy dng h thng cng mi kt hp vi van iu tit D n nhiu, nhng hu ht tin u chm tr do gii phng mt bng chm v ngun vn C th nh: D n bao b hu sng Si Gn xy dng 67km bao v hn 200 cng ngn l t ng ko di t sng Vm Thut (qun 12) n Tnh l 8 (huyn C Chi), c tng mc u t hn 454 t ng, n nay vn cn nhiu gi thu d dang, chm tr. B Nng nghip - Pht trin Nng thn a ra gii php quy hoch thy li chng ngp lt cho thnh ph tuy nhin hiu qu cn hn ch, do vy cn c gii php tng th mi c th khc phc c tnh trng ngp lt ngy cng nng n thnh ph. Gii php thu li Trc tin l phn vng kim sot nc chng ngp ng: - Vng I: Gm ton b khu vc b hu sng Si Gn - Nh B - Vng II: Khu vc ng 3 sng Si Gn ng Nai - Vng III: Khu vc b t sng Nh B - Soi Rp Xy dng mt h thng cng trnh khp kn bao gm 13 cng kim sot triu v 172km bao kt hp vi cc tuyn giao thng, cao trnh khng thp hn 2,5m. Sau khi hon thnh h thng khp kn m bo kim sot mc nc knh rch trong khu vc, trong c th h thp mc nc trong knh rch theo yu cu tng cng kh nng thot nc ca

h thng thot nc ca th c, bin dng chy 2 chiu thnh dng chy mt chiu t trn xung di, to iu kin tt cho vic thot l, ngn chn nh hng ca hin tng mc nc bin dng. Gii php quy hoch thot nc nhanh cn quy hoch cc h iu ha nc ti cc lu vc, ni no khng cn t lm h iu ha th c th no vt su cc knh rch tr nc v thot nc, duy tr mt s vng t t ngp nc, hn ch b tng ha din tch t tng lng nc thm xung lng t, tng mc nc ngm v hn ch ln st t. Gii php ny c th gim 20-40% lng nc chy trn b mt. Khu th mi Nam Si Gn cng ty t vn Skidmore, Owings & Merrill - SOM (M) quy hoch theo m hnh th o (City of Island) kt hp pht trin cc th vi cc knh rch bao quanh va bo tn h sinh thi t nhin va thot nc d dng, rt tic l tng ny khng c thc hin y trong thc t. Nht trong quy hoch h lun tnh ton k khng gian dnh cho nc thm v thot.

Gii php kin trc xy dng Xy dng mi nh xanh, to mng xanh trn mi nh, mi nh sinh thi ( t trng cy c xanh bn trn mi) gi cho nc ma khng chy trn qu nhanh gii php ny c th thu n 75% lng nc ma, rt cn c khuyn khch thc hin. Xy dng h thng b ngm thu gom nc ma, cc cng vin, khu vui chi gii tr, bi u xe, cc khu chung c, cc trng hc ti nhng ni cn ngp nc s dng nc cho ti cy, cha chy cc b v.v. ng thi gim lng nc ma chy vo h thng cng, gim ti cho h thng thot nc v ngp nc trong ma ma (kinh nghim ca Portland Oregon Hoa K).

Gii php qun l Lng nc ma trc tip trn vng th, nht l sau nhng cn ma c v lng trn 40mm tr ln, cng l nguyn nhn quan trng gy ngp nc, ni cc h thng tiu thot nc khng , khng hp l hoc xung cp nht l nhng khu vc th ho nhanh, thm ch l do khng no vt h thng tiu thot nc v ca x, ngi dn 2 ven b knh rch thng xuyn hoc ln chim knh rch v san lp vng trng xy ct do vy cn c tng cng qun l th khng bung lng, nhng trng hp vi phm cn x l nghim. D n B Nng nghip - Pht trin Nng thn phn tch tnh hnh triu cng v ngp l xy ra thi gian gn y v rt ra kt lun: trong trng hp x l (t Tr An, Du Ting, Thc M, Phc Ha v.v..) khong 5% nh quy nh hin hnh (t 20.000-30.000m3/giy) l rt ln. Thnh ph H CH MINH s phi chu ngp lt v thit hi rt nghim trng, c bit l khi nc bin dng ln do kh hu trn tri t nng dn v c s h tng ngy cng pht trin. Do vy yu cu c nhng ch trng v vn hnh cc cng trnh thng lu lm nh lu lng nc x xung h du, tm cch phn l sang nhng vng t quan trng gim bt p lc cho vng th trung tm ng dn. ngh ngng 20 d n thy in mi d kin xy dng dc sng ng Nai lm nguy c l ngy cng ln v trm trng hn. S tham gia ca cng ng Cn a phong tro np sng vn minh th n cc khu dn c sng ven v trn knh rch ngi dn t gic v vn ng cc tu ghe khng x rc xung dng knh lm tc nghn knh rch, nh hng n giao thng thy, cng nh vic tiu thot nc ma, gim bt tnh trng ngp nc, bo v mi trng sng ca chnh dn c sng ven knh rch ni ring v ngi dn thnh ph ni chung. Theo Gio s L Huy B, Vin trng Vin Khoa hc cng ngh v Qun l mi trng (Trng i hc Cng nghip thnh ph H Ch Minh), chng ngp phi xut pht t nguyn l cn bng nc. TP H Ch Minh rt t h, vic xy dng thm h iu ha, h sinh thi cn bng ngun nc l ht sc cn thit v cp bch. Khng xy nh cao tng nhng vng qu thp, trng... Cn tnh n mc nc bin dng do Tri t nng ln. Bn cnh gii php tng th, cc gii php c th nh: No vt knh rch, xy dng h thng cng thot nc mi, xy dng h iu ha, hon chnh quy hoch thot nc th, xy dng h thng hnh lang php l, nng cao nhn thc cng ng Theo bo co ca Trung tm iu hnh chng trnh chng ngp thnh ph H Ch Minh, trin khai mt d n chng ngp gp rt nhiu kh khn v th tc, gii ta mt bng, i hi s phi hp gia nhiu ban, ngnh v nht l ngun vn u t qu ln, ring giai on 2011-2015, d kin, tng vn u t cho cc d n chng ngp thnh ph H Ch Minh vo khong 14.000 t ng, nhng ngn sch thnh ph mi cn i c khong 1000 t ng.

thnh ph H Ch Minh c mc tiu phn u n nm 2015 s c bn hon thnh cc chng trnh chng ngp. Nhng xem ra, nu khng c gii php ng b th mc tiu y s v cng kh khn. Trong cuc hp mi y v gii php trin khai v huy ng ngun vn cho cc d n chng ngp ng khu vc thnh ph H Ch Minh, Ph th tng Chnh ph Hong Trung Hi ch o, thnh ph cn r sot, nh gi cht ch cc d n chng ngp, Chnh ph s xem xt b tr, huy ng cc ngun lc, tp trung cho cc d n cp bch, c hiu qu chng ngp cao cho khu vc thnh ph H Ch Minh. Bn cnh , thnh ph cng cn ch trng huy ng cc ngun vn khc trin khai cc d n, chng trnh chng ngp. Nhiu chuyn gia cho rng, thnh ph H Ch Minh cn tp trung chn nhng gii php mang tnh ng b, gim st cht ch vic thi cng, u t mt cch t ph, c tnh bn vng, khng xy ra tnh trng d n chng ngp th nhiu, trin khai hng nm, nhng c ma ma n, ngp lt li ti din. 3. Cc d n gii quyt ngp ti H Ch Minh - Quy hoch tng th h thng thot nc thnh ph H Ch Minh n nm 2020 : nng cp, ci to h thng thot nc v xy dng h thng thu gom nc thi, gm 3 d n ln : + D n v sinh mi trng thnh ph - lu vc Nhiu Lc Th Ngh + D n ci thin mi trng nc lu vc Tu H - Bn Ngh Knh i Knh T + D n nng cp th - lu vc Tn Ho L Gm - Quy hoch thu li chng ngp ng khu vc thnh ph H Ch Minh : gii quyt ngp do triu cng v iu tit l thng ngun. - iu chnh quy hoch chung xy dng thnh ph H Ch Minh : cp nht lnh vc thot nc v nc thi. - Quy hoch tch hp gii quyt cc vn ngp ti thnh ph H Ch Minh do chnh ph H Lan h tr : tng hp quy hoch tng khu vc v cc d n chng ngp hin hu a ra mt gii php tng hp vi cc bin php cng trnh v phi cng trnh. - Quy hoch h iu tit : ang c nghin cu thc hin