TN TI: BIN PHP X L H2S BNG VI SINH VT TI TP. H CH MINH TN TC GI: TM TT 1.

. MC CH S pht trin nh ca, khu dn c mi ngy cng c xy dng gn k cc nh my x l nc thi cho nn vic kim sot mi do H2S sinh ra t h thng x l tr thnh mt vn quan tm hn trc, v vy ta phi nghin cu cc bin php x l kh H2S. 2. QUY TRNH NGHIN CU Trong cc nh my, nc thi, khng kh ti thnh ph H Ch Minh 3. KT QU a ra mt s bin php hn ch c lng kh H2S thi ra mi trng, nng cao i sng sc khe ca con ngi. GII THIU Kh sunfua hidro l kh c hi, khng mu sc nhng c mi kh chu ( mi trng thi) c a vo kh quyn vi nhng lng rt ln t c ngun t nhin v nhn to. Kh H2S xut hin trong kh thi ca cc qu trnh sn xut c s dng nhin liu hu c cha lu hunh; cc qu trnh tinh ch du m, ti sinh si hoc khu vc ch bin thc phm, x l rc thi. Mt phn H2S pht sinh trong t nhin bi qu trnh thi ra ca cc cht hu c di tc dng ca vi khun t rc thi, cng rnh, b bin, ao t, h nc cn, k c t cc hm l khai thc than, cc vt ni la. PHNG PHP Hin nay chng ta c 4 phng php x l kh H2S thng dng thng p dng trong qu trnh hot ng cng nghip, x l nc thi, nng lm ng nghip v khng kh: 1. X l bng phng php chlor ho: Chlorine phn ng nhanh vi H2S to nn cc ht nh c mu vng nht khng mi, khng v. Nc Javel s dng git qun o c th dng x l H2S. Lu : cc ht sulfur c th to thnh mt lp mt lp mng mu vng nht trn qun o. Ta c th ngn chn hin tng ny bng vic s dng b lc ct hay thit b lc khc v nn nh lm sch (bng cch ra ngc) cc thit b ny vi ngy hay vi tun mt ln ly cc ht sulfur ny ra khi b lt. Xem hnh:

2. X l bng phng php sc kh: Oxy trong khng kh s tc dng vi H2S to nn sulfate ho tan trong nc v nc khng cn mi hi na. Mt t ht sulfur mu vng to nn sau khi nc c sc kh. Trong h thng sc kh, khng kh nn c a vo nc v sau chng ta phi cho cc khng kh thot ht ra khi nc ngn chn vic to nn cc bt kh trong ng ng. Ngoi ra, ta c th phun nc vo mt b, cc ht nc s tip xc vi khng kh v phn ng xy ra (ghi ch: ging h thng "gin ma" x l st trong nc ngm). Lu : gn khu vc ca h thng x l kiu ny c th c mi hi do H2S c phng thch vo kh quyn. Xem hnh:

3. X l bng b lc than: Nc c cha hm lng H2S thp c th c x l bng cch cho lc qua than. H2S c hp ph trn b mt ca cc ht than. Chng ta phi nh k thay cc ht than trong b lc (ty thuc vo kh nng hp ph ca than v hm lng H2S trong nc). 4. X l mi trong nc nng Mi trng thi ca H2S i khi ch xut hin trong nc nng. y l biu hin ca vic thanh Mg trong my nc nng tc dng vi sulfur trong nc. ngn chn qu trnh ny, chng ta c th thay thanh Mg bng thanh Al hoc g b hn thanh Mg (iu ny c th dn n vic nh sn xut khng bo hnh cho my ca chng ta). i khi nc nng t cc my ny c v chua, iu ny c th xy ra khi chng ta iu chnh Thermostat mc thp, do , cc vi khun gy mi c th sng c trong cc thit b ny. Chng ta loi tr trng hp ny bng cch chnh Thermostat nhit qui nh (> 140oF) Lu : Vn x l H2S s tr nn phc tp khi trong nc c st v hm lng cc cht ho tan cao. Trong 4 phng php trn u tn rt nhiu tin bc, thi gian, nguyn vt liu (ha cht), nhn cng , kh thc hin v hn ht l gy nhim mi trng. Ngoi 4 phng php ny th chng ta cn c phng php x l kh H2S bng vi sinh vt, vi nn kh hu nhit i ca nc ta hin nay th nui cy

vi sinh vt khng kh trong nhit khong 28-32 C. S dng vi sinh vt khng gy nh hng n mi trng, t tn km v c th tn dng ti a vi sinh vt m chng ta c PHN TCH D LIU V KT QU Phn ln mi hi xut pht t y ao nui l do kh H2S v NH3. Kh H2S (hydro sulfide) c mi trng thi v cc k c, hnh thnh t cc cht hu c cha lu hunh lng t do vi sinh vt phn hy trong iu kin ym kh (khng c oxy). Nng H2S cao nht lp bn y ao. Tc hi ca H2S l gy thiu ht oxy trm trng, tc ng rt xu n tc tng trng v t l sng ca tm nui. Nng H2S trong nc ao t 0,1 0,2ppm th tm nui c triu chng mt cn bng v cht ngay lp tc khi nng 4ppm (FAO - LHQ) Trong ao nui, nhiu loi vi khun s dng sulfate (nhm sulfate) cng nh cc loi vi khun khc s dng nitrate (nhm nitrate) trong qu trnh h hp ym kh ca chng. Mt nhm vi khun s ph v cc hp cht hu c ly ngun thc n v s dng cc hp cht nit lm cht nhn in t (nitrate bin i thnh kh nit), trong khi nhm vi khun khc s dng cc hp cht lu hunh lm cc cht nhn in t (sulfate SO42- bin i thnh sulfide S2-). Nu nhm nitrate hot ng vt tri hn th nhm sulfate s khng to ra nhiu sulfide. Mt s loi vi khun ph v cc hp cht hu c cha lu hunh v gii phng lu hunh di dng sulfide trong khi mt s loi khc gii phng lu hunh hnh thc khc nh lu hunh, sulfate SO42- v sulfite SO32- . Khi hm lng oxy y ao st gim, qu trnh phn hy ym kh tng v xy ra qu trnh k sau: SO42- + Hp cht hu c Vi khun S2- + H2O + CO2

S2- + 2H+

ym kh

H2S

T ta c th s dng BZT kim sot v hn ch ti a khi c H2S v: 1. BZT cha cc dng vi khun chn lc pht huy sc mnh vt tri cc loi vi khun to ra sulfide (S2-) trong qu trnh phn hy cht thi hu c v loi b mi hi ca H2S. 2. Vi khun v enzyme trong BZT c ch ph v v phn hy lp bn y ao ni vi khun to ra sulfide (S2-) pht trin mnh. 3. ). BZT thc y chu trnh chuyn ha nit trong ao nui, do cng hn ch hnh thnh sulfide (S2-

4. Vi khun trong BZT c th dng H2S lm ngun nng lng, chuyn ha thnh lu hunh v nc. 5. BZT s kim sot v loi b cc cht thi l lng ngay khi chng va hnh thnh, hn ch ti a s tch t trn b mt v bn y ao.

BN LUN

KT LUN V KHUYN NGH TI LIU THAM KHO PH LC