K NNG THAO TC NG DY

Search this site

I. N TP CHUNG KIN THC C BN TRONG QLVH: 1. Cc dng ngn mch 4803days since NGAY CONG TAC TAI TTD DAKLAK thng gp l: Ngn mch 3 pha. KY THUAT AN TOAN Ngn mch 2 pha. Ngn mch 1 pha chm t. Chm t 2 pha ti 2 im khc nhau. 2. Cc qui nh v vic nh s thit b trong h thng in. 9.1. Ch s c trng cho cp in p c quy nh nh sau: Cp in p K hiu ch s (KV) 500 5 220 2 110 1 66 7 35 3 22 4 15 8 10 9 6 6 9.2. Tn thanh ci c qui nh gm cc k t: K t th nht l ch C. K t th hai ch cp in p. K t th ba ch s th t

Home LAP RAP DUNG CU THI CONG SO DO LUOI DIEN-TT TAI LIEU CO BAN-TBA CCH CT DY PHN CNG THAY CCH IN KHO TAI LIEU - Z CT KEMA THEO DI THAY CCH IN QUAY LAI TRANG CH

TAI LIEU CO BAN-TBA

TI LIU BI DNG NGH CNG NHN QLVH TRM BIN P CP 1 V 2A

DESIGN Template tips

DOAN THE THUAN KY SU DIEN BAC 4/8, AT5/5

TRUYEN TAI DIEN DAK LAK 258 PHAN CHU TRINH-BMT-DL DT: 05003916757, 0914227671 EMAIL: THUAND5@GMAIL.COM

thanh ci, s 9 k hiu thanh ci ng vng. V d: C11 c th gii thch l thanh ci 110kV s 1. 9.3. Tn ca my ct in c quy nh gm cc k t: K t th nht c trng cho cp in p. i vi my ct t k hiu th nht l ch T, khng in k t th nht l ch K cn k t th hai l ch cp in p. K t th hai (ba i vi my ct khng v t) c trng cho thit b c bo v ca my ct, c quy nh nh sau: My ct MBA: ly s 3 My ct ca ng dy: ly s 7 - My ct MBA t dng: ly s 4 - My ct u cc MF: ly s 0 My ct ca my b quay: ly s 0 My ct ca t: ly s 0 - My ct khng in: ly s 0 K t th ba (i vi my ct khng v t) th hin s th t: 1,2,3 i vi my ct ca thanh ci vng hai k t tip theo k t th nht l: 00 i vi my ct lin lc gia hai thanh ci, hai k t

tip theo k t th nht l s th t ca cc thanh ci. V d: 271 l my ct ca Z 220kV s 1. 9.4. Tn ca my bin p c quy nh gm cc k t : Mt hoc hai k t u c k hiu nh sau: i vi MBA lc k hiu l ch T (Transformer), i vi MBA t ngu k hiu l ch AT (Auto Transformer), i vi MBA t dng k hiu l TD. K t tip theo l s th t ca MBA. 9.5. Tn ca khng in c quy nh gm cc k t : Hai k t u l ch KH, khng trung tnh k hiu l KT K t th ba c trng cho cp in p K t th t l s 0 K t th nm l s th t ca mch mc khng in 9.6. Tn ca T in c quy nh gm cc k t : Ba k t u i vi t b dc l ch TBD, t b ngang k hiu l TBN K t th t c trng cho cp in p K t th nm l s 0 K t th su l s th t ca mch mc t in 9.7. Tn ca my bin in p c quy nh gm cc k t : Hai k t u l TU Cc k t tip theo ly tn thit b m my bin in p u vo, i vi cc thit b m tn ca thit b khng th hin r cp in p th sau hai k t u

s l k t c trng cho cp in p, tip theo l tn thit b. 9.8. Tn ca my bin dng in c quy nh gm cc k t : Hai k t u l TI Cc k t tip theo ly tn thit b m my bin dng in u vo, i vi cc thit b m tn ca thit b khng th hin r cp in p th sau hai k t u s l k t c trng cho cp in p, tip theo l tn thit b. 9.9. Tn ca chng st c quy nh gm cc k t : Hai k t u l CS K t th ba l du phn cch (-) Tip theo ly tn thit b c bo v, i vi cc thit b m tn ca thit b khng th hin r cp in p th sau ba k t u s l k t c trng cho cp in p, tip theo l tn thit b. i vi chng st van ni vo trung tnh MBA thm hai k t phn bit l du phn cch (-) v s 0 9.10. Dao cch ly lin quan ca my ct, khng, t v TU c quy nh gm cc k t : Cc k t u l l tn ca my ct ni trc tip vi DCL (i vi DCL ca TU, cc k t u tin l tn ca TU, tip theo l tn thit b ni trc tip vi DCL), tip theo l du phn cch (-) K t tip theo c k hiu nh sau: DCL v thanh

ci ly s th t ca thanh ci ni vi DCL DCL v ng dy ly s 7 DCL v MBA v khng in ly s 3 DCL v thanh ci vng ly s 9 DCL v ni tt mt thit b(my ct,khng , t) ly s 0 DCL ni ti phn on no (pha phn on no) th ly s phn on thanh ci (hoc thanh ci) . 9.11. Tn ca DCL ni t trung tnh MBA c quy nh gm cc k t : K t th nht c trng cho cp in p K t th hai l s 3 K t th ba ly theo th t ca MBA(v d MBA T1 ly s 1) K t th t l du phn cch (-) K t th nm l s 0 9.12. Tn ca DCL trung tnh MBA ni vi cun dp h quang hoc in tr ni t trung tnh MBA, cu dao

khng in trung tnh c quy nh gm cc k t : Cc k t u ly tn ca my ct khng trung tnh hoc cun dp h quang (trong thc t c th khng c my ct nhng khi nh s vn coi l c my ct) hoc tn ca in tr ni t trung tnh MBA, tip theo l du phn cch (-) K t tip theo l s 3 9.13. Dao tip a c quy nh gm cc k t : K t u tin l tn cu dao (hoc thit b c lin quan trc tip)c lin quan trc tip K t tip theo c trng cho tip a, dc quy nh nh sau: Tip a ng dy v t in ly s 6 Tip a MBA, khng in v TU ly s 8 Tip a my ct ly s 5 Tip a thanh ci ly s 4 9.14. Tn cc in tr trung tnh MBA c quy nh gm cc k t: K t th nht l ch R

biu th cho in tr (Resistance). K t th hai c trng cho cp in p. Tip theo l tn ca MBA m R c u vo. 9.15. Cc thit b ng ct cc nhnh r, cc phn on gia ng dy k hiu nh sau: i vi my ct: Cc k t u nh s my ct theo quy nh nh s nh trn. i vi cu dao on ng dy hoc cu dao nhnh r: cc k t u ly s ct ti im t cu dao, tip theo l du ( - ) sau l k t c trng cho cp in p. i vi cu dao phn on ng dy t ti trm in khng c my ct, vic nh s dao thc hin coi nh c my ct. Cc k t cui cng l tn a danh ch phn on hoc nhnh r.

Trong qa trnh thc hin nh s thit b, c mt s trm c nhiu cp in p hoc c nhng

9.16. kt dy c bit, th nhng phn kt dy chnh ca trm phi da trn quy nh trn nh s, phn cn li phi ly nhng s thch hp d nh v trnh trng vi nhng s trn 3. ngha cc t vit tt: REF, SCADA, EMS, DMS, PLC, SOFT, LCD, BIL, IEC, GIS, OC, OV, BF, UF, UV, FR? REF : (Restrict Eathing

Fault) hoc (Residual Eathing Fault): (Chm t c gii hn) L bo v so lch chm t c gii hn, vng bo v l vng nm trong khong u ni so lch ca hai TI. SCADA: (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition): L h thng gim st, iu khin v thu thp d liu t xa. EMS: (Energy Management System): L h thng qun l nng lng DMS: (Distribution Management System): L h thng qun l li in phn phi PLC : * (Power Line Carrier): L truyn dn sng thng tin trn ng dy ti in. * (Program Logic Control): Lp trnh iu khin Logic. SOFT : (Swich Onto Fault Trip): (Chng ng vo im s c) L khi ng vo im s c th n ct ra khng c thi gian tr. LCD: (Liquid Crystal Display): Mn hnh tinh th lng IEC: (Internation Electrotechnical Community): Tiu chun k thut quc t. OC: (Over Current): Qu dng OV: (Over Voltage): Qu p UV: (Under Voltage): Km p

BF: (Breaker Fault): (Li my ct) l khi rle xut lnh ct m my ct khng ct c th chc nng ny (Trong Rle) s khi ng, gi tn hiu i ct cc my ct khc c lp my ct b s c. UF: (Under Frequency): (Km tn s) Khi qu ti, tn s s gim thp, chc nng ny s thc hin sa thi bt mt s ph ti khng quan trng. GIS: (Gas Insulation System): Mc cch in ca h thng kn. BIL: (Breaker Insulation Level): Mc cch in ca MC. FR: (Fault Recorder): Ghi li cc d kin s c, li, bt thng. 4. Quy nh v kim tra v x l nhit mi ni? i vi cc mi ni: Mt ngoi ca ng ni khng c c vt nt, ng ni phi thng, phi c p ni ng qui trnh, cc hm p phn nhm v thp phi ng kch thc qui nh ca nh ch to. Trc khi nghim thu a vo vn hnh phi c tr s in tr tip xc ca tt c cc mi ni. in tr ca on dy c mi ni khng c ln hn 1,2 ln on dy c cng chiu di v tit din. o nhit mi ni v tip xc lo. o 1 nm / ln khi ng dy mang ti cao. o 3 thng/ln khi ng dy ang qu ti.

V mt s qui nh khc ca Cng ty, n v. Khi chnh lch mi ni hay im tip xc vi dy dn ln hn 15oC th phi o 3 thng/ln v c k hoch bo dng nhng nu iu ny xy ra i vi Z qu ti th phi sa cha ngay. Khi chnh nhit gia mi ni hay tip xc lo vi dy dn ln hn 75oC th phi sa cha ngay. 5. Nu cc hng mc kim tra MBA: Nhn vin vn hnh phi cn c vo cc ng h t bng iu khin kim tra MBA v ghi thng s vo s vn hnh mi gi mt ln. Mi ca t nht mt ln, nhn vin vn hnh phi tin hnh kim tra cc hnh mc sau: Kim tra ting ku ca MBA phi bnh thng. Kim tra mc du cc bnh du ph phi . Kim tra nhit du, nhit cun dy MBA. Kim tra tnh trng s

u vo khng b rn nt hay chy du trn cc u s phi nhn thy c. Kim tra mu sc cc ht Silicagel cc b th. Kim tra h thng lm mt: + Tnh trng ng c qut mt lm vic tt. + V tr cc van ph hp vi tnh trng vn hnh. + Cc mt bch khng b r r du. Kim tra v tr cc van ca ng ng ti bnh du ph phi m. Kim tra tnh trng thanh ci v cc imtip xc cc u ct. Kim tra trang

b phong cha chy y . 6. Vn hnh MBA qu ti bnh thng, qu ti s c: Qu ti bnh thng l ch lm vic xt trong mt thi gian no (ngy, thng, nm) , trong c 1 khong thi gian MBA lm vic qu ti v khong thi gian cn li ca chu k kho st, MBA mang ti nh hn nh mc. Mc qu ti phi c tnh ton sao cho hao mn cch in trong khong thi gian xt khng vt qu nh mc ng vi nhit dy qun MBA tng ng. Qu ti s c l ch qu ti cho php trong mt s trng hp ngoi l (s c) vi mt thi gian hn ch khng gin on vic cung cp in nng. Thi gian v mc qu ti cho php ty thuc vo ch vn hnh, tnh trng my, ni t my. Thi gian qu ti bnh thng c xc nh ph thuc vo nhit lp du trn cng trc khi qu ti, bi s qu ti theo nh mc v kiu lm mt ca MBA Qu ti cng ln th thi gian cho php qu ti cng ngn, tr s qu ti bnh thng da theo quy trnh vn hnh MBA. Nu tr s qu ti vt qu tr s qu ti cho php th phi tin hnh a thm MBA vo lm vic song song (nu c) hoc ct gim ph ti theo phng thc: ct nhng h khng quan trng trc, ri mi ct n h quan trong sau. 7. Vn hnh ng dy v TBA theo thng t 12:

9.1. H thng in truyn ti vn hnh ch cnh bo l : Mc mang ti ca cc ng dy v trm bin p chnh trong li in truyn ti trn 90% nhng khng vt qu gi tr nh mc; Kh nng xy ra thin tai hoc cc iu kin thi tit bt thng c th gy nh hng ti an ninh h thng in; Kh nng xy ra cc vn v an ninh, quc phng c th e da an ninh h thng in. 9.2. H thng in truyn ti vn hnh ch khn cp l: Tn s h thng vt ra ngoi phm vi cho php cho ch vn hnh bnh thng, nhng nm trong di tn s cho php i vi trng hp xy ra s c mt phn t trong h thng khong t 47Hz cho n 52Hz. in p ti mt nt bt k trn li in truyn ti nm ngoi

phm vi cho php trong ch vn hnh bnh thng, nhng nm trong di in p cho php i vi trng hp xy ra s c mt phn t trong h thng in dao ng in p trn li in tm thi ln hn 10% so vi in p danh nh nhng khng c vt qu 20% so vi in p danh nh. Mc mang ti ca bt k thit b in no trong li in truyn ti hoc thit b in u ni vo li in truyn ti vt qu gi tr nh mc nhng di 110% gi tr nh mc m thit b ny khi b s c do qu ti c th dn n ch vn hnh cc k khn cp. 9.3. H thng in truyn ti vn hnh ch cc k khn cp khi tn ti mt trong cc iu kin sau y: Tn s h thng nm ngoi di tn s cho php i vi trng hp xy ra s c mt phn t

trong h thng in; in p ti mt nt bt k trn li in truyn ti nm ngoi di in p cho php i vi trng hp xy ra s c mt phn t; Mc mang ti ca bt k thit b no trong li in truyn ti hoc thit b u ni vi li in truyn ti trn 110% gi tr nh mc m thit b ny khi b s c do qu ti c th dn n tan r tng phn h thng in; Khi li in truyn ti ang ch vn hnh khn cp, cc bin php c thc hin a h thng v trng thi vn hnh n nh khng thc hin c dn ti hin tng tan r tng phn h thng, tch o hoc sp in p h thng.
8. Cc trng hp cho php ng li hoc phi kim tra khi bo v MBA tc ng ? Cc trng hp MBA b ct do cc bo v khng c lin quan n h hng bn trong my, ch cn kim tra s b bn ngoi my v nu khng pht hin thy

hin tng bt thng g th xin kin ca KSH A3, gim c cng ty cho php ng li MBA, c th cc s c cho php ng li MBA. Bo v qu dng pha 3 pha ca MBA tc ng. Cc trng hp sau phi kim tra, th nghim my trc khi a MBA vo vn hnh: MBA t ct do bo v hi hay bo v so lch lm vic th cn phi kim tra, th nghim my v phn tch kh tm nguyn nhn. Ch cho php ng li MBA vo lm vic tr li sau khi tm r cc nguyn nhn v khc phc cc h hng. Trong trng hp phi c s ng ca Gim c Cng ty. 9. Qui nh v vn hnh bt thng v s c MBA? 9.1. Trong khi vn hnh nu thy MBA c hin tng bt thng nh: chy du, mc du trong bnh du ph thp, my b pht nng phi tm mi bin php gii quyt, ng thi phi bo co ngay vi lnh o v ghi ch y vo s vn hnh. 9.2. i vi cc trng hp sau y phi tch MBA ra khi vn hnh: + My c ting ku mnh, khng u v rung mnh bn trong. + S pht nng tng ln bt thng v lin tc trong iu kin nh mc. + Du trn ra ngoi bnh du ph hoc van an ton lm vic. + Mc du h thp hn mc quy nh bnh du ph v tip tc h thp. + Mu sc ca du thay i

t ngt. + Cc s u vo b v, rn nt v phng in b mt hoc cn du. 9.3. Khi MBA b qu ti hoc nhit tng cao, nhn vin vn hnh phi xin kin cp trn tm mi bin php iu chnh v gim bt ti ca my. 9.4. Khi nhit du khng MBA tng ln n mc bo tn hiu, nhn vin trc ca phi tm nguyn nhn v bin php gim bt nhit bng cch: + Kim tra ph ti MBA v nhit mi trng lm mt. + Kim tra thit b lm mt: Tnh trng cc qut lm mt. 9.5. Nu nhit MBA tng cao do thit b lm mt b hng m c iu kin ct my sa cha th xin ct sa cha. Khi iu kin vn hnh khng cho php ct my th ch ngng ring bit thit b lm mt ng thi nhn vin trc ca c th iu chnh gim bt ti MBA trong khi vn hnh khng c thit b lm mt. 9.6. Nu mc du h hn mc qui nh nhiu th b sung du vo MBA. Trc khi b sung du phi sa cha ch r r, b chy du. Du b sung vo phi l du mi c th nghim t tiu chun. 9.7. MBA t ct do bo v hi hay bo v so lch lm vic th cn phi kim tra , th nghim my v phn tch kh tm nguyn nhn. Ch cho php ng MBA vo lm vic tr li sau khi tm r nguyn nhn v khc phc cc h hng. Trong trng hp phi c s ng ca Gim c cng ty. 9.8. Trong trng hp MBA b ct do cc bo v khc khng c lin quan h hng bn trong MBA

th cho php ch cn kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi my v nu khng pht hin thy hin tng bt thng g th xin kin iu min cho ng in li MBA. 9.9. Khi rle hi bo tn hiu, trc chnh phi kim tra bn ngoi MBA v ly kh phn tch. + Khi kim tra bn ngoi thy c du vt h hng s, thng du, kim tra thy kh chy c hay kh c sn phm phn hu ca cch in phi bo co vi iu min v Gim c Cng ty xin dng my. + Nu kim tra khng thy hin tng trn th c th tip tc lm vic nhng phi theo di thng xuyn. Nu c xut hin kh trong rle th bo v tip tc bo tn hiu th phi bo ngay vi Gim c Cng ty v xin kin dng my kim tra. 9.10. Tt c mi x l cc hin tng bt thng v s c MBA u phi ghi y vo h s MBA. 10. Gii thch khi u ngc cc tnh dng in 1 pha i vi mch cng t 3 pha: Cng sut tc dng c tnh nh sau: P=UAIAcosA+UBIBcosB+UCICcos C (*) Trong : UA,, UB, UC l in p cc pha A, B, C IA, IB, IC l dng in cc pha A, B, C CosA, cosB, cosC l h s cng

sut cc pha A, B, C Nu c 3 pha u ng cc tnh th h s cng sut cos ca 3 pha s cng du. Nu 1 trong 3 pha dng in u ngc cc tnh th h s cng sut cos ca pha s tri du vi 2 pha cn li. Gi s in p cc pha l UP, dng in cc pha u nhau l IP, h s cng sut u nhau l cos Ta c cng thc tnh cng sut tc dng khi u ng cc tnh l: P=3 UPIPcos Nu u ngc cc tnh 1pha gi s pha C th theo cng thc (*) P= UPIPcosA + UPIPcosB + UPIPcos(180+C) P= UPIPcos + UPIPcos - UPIPcos = UPIPcos Do trong mch cng t ranh gii 3 pha nu u ngc cc tnh dng in 1 pha th ch s cng t ghi nhn vi sn lng thc t gim i 2/3 ln (ch bng ch s ca 1 pha). 11. Tc hi khi p lc kh SF6 gim thp : Kh SF6 dng cch in v dp h quang. V th trong qu trnh VH, nu p lc kh SF6 gim thp s gy nh hng rt nghim trng n MC v thit b. Trng hp kh SF6 gim thp Cp 1 (Alarm): Lc ny kh nng dp tt h quang ca my ct b hn ch. Nu trng hp ny m my ct ct (do iu khin hoc bo v) lm p lc kh suy gim hiu hn gy nh hng n my ct nh: Khng dp tt c h quang, lm chy hng tip im, pht nhit gy n my ct... Trng hp kh SF6 gim thp Cp 2 (Lock Out): Lc ny

kh nng cch in & dp h quang rt km nn MC s b kho c mch ng & mch ct. Nguy him nht l trng hp lc ny xut hin s c dn n khng c lp c im s c, dng s c vn duy tr gy h hng thit b, vt liu...; Cc bo v lc ny khi to ct cc my ct khc c lp im s c dn n mt in din rng. Hoc khi kh SF6 gim thp cp 2 (Lock Out) cn tin hnh c lp my ct x l dn n phi ct in cc my ct lin quan gy nh hng vic cung cp in v tnh n nh ca h thng. 12. Cch x l khi MC SF6 c cc bt thng sau: p lc kh SF6 gim thp: + Khi my ct bo tn hiu p lc kh SF6 gim thp cp 1: Trc ca bo co lnh o, trng trm v A3 cho kim tra p lc kh SF6. Xc nh nguyn nhn gim p lc v tin hnh np kh theo ng mc quy nh theo quy trnh np kh hoc xc nh tn hiu ch th nhm. + Khi pht hin p lc kh SF6 gim thp cp 2, khin cho mch thao tc b kho, trc ca bo co cho Lnh o, trng trm v A3 c bin php x l ph hp vi cc thit b khc trong h thng v c bin php x l my ct cn thit. L xo MC khng cng c sau khi ng hoc ct. Trng hp ny cn tin hnh cng l xo MC bng tay tip tc thao tc, sau phi kim tra mch cp ngun v ng c cng l xo ca MC x l h hng. Mch khng ng pha ca MC tc ng (ch vi cc my ct

c b truyn ng ring tng pha): Phi kim tra v xc nh nguyn nhn dn ti mch ny tc ng c hng x l thch hp. i vi MC chn khng yu cu ch yu l h thng sy chng ngng t bung MC phi lm vic tt. Khi c iu kin phi lm v sinh sch s tt c cc b phn mang in v cch in ca MC. Li mch thao tc: C rt nhiu nguyn nhn c th dn ti khng thao tc ng, ct c my ct nh: mch ct b h hng, li lin ng, hng Rle trung gian ng ct x l cn phi xc nh c nguyn nhn li mch thao tc. 13. Cc hng mc kim tra MC SF6 ang vn hnh? Trong vn hnh bnh thng, mi ca 1 ln NVVH phi kim tra MC v: Tnh trng bn ngoi gm: s, tip a, pht nng u ct (ca m), ting ku ca MC. p lc kh SF6 : s thay i p lc kh khng c nhn thy bng mt (ti cng T0mt). p lc kh nn (i vi BT kh nn) hoc trng thi l xo phi v tr tch nng y (i vi b truyn ng l xo), ch th trng thi O/C ca MC phi tng ng vi tnh trng vn hnh. in p, dng in i qua MC. Sau mi ln ng, ct bnh thng v s c phi kim tra ti

ch cc mc sau: + MC ng hoc ct tt c 3 pha. + Cc hin tng khc thng: v ting ku, p lc kh SF6, p lc kh nn. + Ghi s ln thao tc tng pha b m ca MC. + i vi b truyn ng kh nn: Kim tra my nn kh phi t dng p lc nh mc v t ng x nc ng van y ca xi-phng my nn. + i vi b truyn ng l xo: Kim tra ng c tch nng dng sau thi gian ln dy ct (khi MCng) v l xo v tr tch nng y . Nu qu trnh kim tra pht hin iu g bt thng phi bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim x l v ghi vo s theo di MC. 14. Mch in khng ton pha my ct TBA:

G CCA CCB CCC TCA TCB TCC TCA TCB TCC BV G 52a 52b C

 B C A B C A
+

52a 52a 52b Mch bo v khng ton pha

Ch thch: - 52a; 52b ph my ct. G trung gian ca Rle trung gian - CC-A ng Pha A - CC-B ng Pha B - CC-C ng Pha C - TC-A Pha A - TC-B Pha B

: Tip im : Rle : Tip im : Cun : Cun : Cun : Cun ct : Cun ct

- TC-C

: Cun ct

Pha C 15. Cc hng mc kim tra TI, TU, CSV trong vn hnh TBA: Cc hng mc kim tra TI trong vn hnh: - C chy du u ra s cp hoc th cp, cc mt bch ni, ng ch th mc du. - Cc u u s cp c hin tng nh la hay i mu do pht nhit. - ng s c b phng in, bi bn hay nt v. - Mc du trong ng ch mc du. Cc hng mc kim tra TU trong vn hnh: - C chy du u ra s cp hoc th cp, cc mt bch ni, ng ch th mc du. - Cc u u s cp c hin tng nh la hay i mu do pht nhit. - ng s c b phng in, bi bn hay nt v. - Mc du trong ng ch mc du. Cc hng mc kim tra CSV trong vn hnh: - Cc u u s cp c hin tng nh la hay i mu do pht nhit. - ng s c b phng in, bi bn hay nt v. - Kim tra ch s ca b m CSV. Lu vn hnh: - Trng hp dy ng th TU, TI b hng: - Khi dy ng th ca TU, TI b t ngay ti v tr N (hnh v). - ch vn hnh bnh thng, mch dng cung cp cho cc thit b nh r le bo v, cc ng h o lng vn hot ng

bnh thng. Tuy nhin khi b t dy trung tnh th s c hin tng b di im trung tnh (ch xut hin khi ph ti ca TU, TI khng i xng) v iu ny s lm cho cc thit b o lng hoc bo v lm vic sai. - Khi phng in t pha s cp sang pha th cp ca TU, TI th gy nguy him cho ngi v thit b, c th ph hng cc thit b nh r le bo v hoc cc thit b o lng Cch x l: Tin hnh kim tra thng mch tng on mch th cp ca TU, TI pht hin ch hng. 16. Cc lin ng c bn gia DCL v MC: iu kin c bn lin ng gia dao cch ly v my ct (cc iu kin khc nh: p lc kh my ct , rle Trip & Lock out, rle gim st mch ct .... iu khng tc ng): + ng c my ct t xa th cc dao cch ly hai u phi ng. + ng c my ct ti ch th hai dao cch ly hai u khi ct. + ng c my ct hp b bng in th my ct phi v tr vn hnh hoc th nghim. + ct c my ct hp b bng c ti nt nhn khn cp th my ct phi v tr vn hnh. + ng- ct c DCL t xa hoc ti ch th cc my ct phi ct. 17. Tc dng ca mch chng gi gi MC: Khi thao tc ng MC, m ti thi im ng dy ang b s c (v d ct in ng dy

cng tc, sau khi lm xong nhm cng tc khng tho tip a lu ng ng dy) th xem nh ta ng MC vo im s c. Bo v s tc ng ct MC, lc ny nu thiu mch chng gi gi m tay ngi thao tc vn duy tr kha ng v tr ng hoc tip im kha MC b h th MC s ng ct nhiu ln, h quang sinh ra trong bung tip im ca MC duy tr v ko di lm nh hng n tui th tip im ca MC. V vy ngi ta thit k mch chng gi gi bo v MC. 18. Bo v so lch thanh ci 87B tc ng trong nhng trng hp: Bo v so lch thanh ci (F87B) l loi bo v so snh pha. Mch dng F87B ly vc t tt c cc dng in ca cc ngn l ni vi thanh ci, Khi ch u dy bnh thng, dng in th cp i vo r le 87B Id xp x bng khng, r le khng tc ng. Trng hp b s c trong vng bo v (c gii hn bi cc TI cc ngn a vo F87B) gi tr Id ln v r le tc ng i ct cc MC lin quan. 19. Cc nguyn nhn c th dn n bo v thanh ci tc ng nhm: Khng a mch dng ca mt tuyn ng dy vo bo v thanh ci. Khi khng a mch dng ca mt xut tuyn ng dy vo bo v thanh ci th dng so lch Id xp x bng dng in ca tuyn ng dy iu ny c th lm cho r le tc ng nhm nu gi tr dng ti vt qu gi tr dng t ca bo v. Vi r le s loi RED 521 c chc nng gim st trng thi

mch dng. trng hp ny r le s xut tn hiu Open CT (Open CT c ngha l h mch dng a vo bo v) nu gi tr dng ti ca xut tuyn ln hn gi tr ci t ca chc nng gim st trng thi OCT. Trng hp ny th chc nng so lch s b kho trong sut qu trnh duy tr tn hiu Open CT. Cng c th khng xut tn hiu Open CT nu dng ti khng t tr s ci t ca bo v relay. u ngc cc tnh hoc u sai th t pha mch dng ca mt tuyn ng dy a vo bo v thanh ci: + Nu u ngc cc tnh, mch dng ca tuyn ng y a vo bo v thanh ci th gc pha ca dng in xut tuyn ny cng pha so vi cc xut tuyn cn li v khi vn hnh bnh thng bo v s tc ng nhm. + Nu u sai th t pha bo v cng tc ng nhm do sai lch gc pha c so snh. V d a dng pha B v C o v tr cho nhau, lc ny gc lch pha tng ng ca pha C (pha B) l 600 v dng so lch tng ln v bo v s tc ng. 20. Nguyn l lm vic ca bo v 50BF, Phm vi tc ng ca bo v ny: Chc nng 50BF c th lm vic hai ch : Ch lm vic ph thuc (External CBF) hoc ch lm vic c lp (Internal CBF) hoc kt hp c 2 ch nu trn (On, Int. or Ext.). Ch lm vic ph thuc: L c khi to t cc tc nhn bn ngoi a ti. Lc chc nng ny s tc ng i ct MC v iu kin sau thi gian BF. Ch lm vic c lp

cn tho mn cc iu kin sau: + Gim st dng chy qua MC c bo v. + Bo v c ci t 50BF xut lnh ct do nguyn nhn no . + Sau khong thi gian BF nu dng chy qua MC nh hn ngng t ca chc nng 50BF th bo v s xc nhn MC dc ct ra v t tr v. Nu dng chy qua MC vt qu ngng t kt hp vi thi gian BF ca n th chc nng 50BF s tc ng i ct cc MC lin k trc v sau MC b li. Phm vi tc ng. + Tu theo chc nng 50BF c khi to t bo v Z hay MBA cc i tng ct s khc nhau. Khi chc nng 50BF tc ng s i ct cc MC lin k trc v sau MC b li trong vng bo v s cp. C th hiu khi nim vng bo v s cp l vng bo v m r le tc ng ct MC khi xy ra s c bng mt trong cc chc nng c ci t khc chc nng 50BF. + Phm vi tc ng ca chc nng 50BF thng l rt rng, gy gin on cung cp in. 21. Gii thch chc nng SOFT (Switch onto fault trip) trong cc bo v rle k thut s: Khi c s c Z, rle bo v tc ng ct MC, sau ng li MC bng tay hoc t ng m s c vn cn duy tr th chc nng SOTF (switch on to fault ) trong cc bo v rle k thut s ca cc rle bo v s lm vic ct tc thi MC. Nguyn tc lm vic ca chc nng SOTF l tc ng ct MC tc thi, khng kim tra hng sau khi ng li MC (bng tay hoc

bng F79) m s c vn cn duy tr nhm m bo loi tr nhanh v chn lc phn t b s c khi h thng in. a chc nng SOTF ca cc bo v k thut s vo lm vic th cn a tn hiu khi ng t rle bo v v trng thi ng m MC ti b phn nhn tn hiu vo ca bo v. 22. Cc loi rle no khi cha gii tr c hiu rle th khng th ng li MC: R le ct v kha (F86): Khi xy ra s c cc r le bo v s tc ng c lp im s c. i vi nhng s c m phm vi c xc nh c th v d nh cc s c ca MBA, s c vng II, III khong cch, th bo v r le s tc ng ct MC thng qua r le F86. Khi r le F86 tc ng s gi tn hiu i ct MC ng thi lm nhim v kha (Lockout) mch ng. iu ny l cn thit, bi v vi nhng s c thc s th cn phi c kim tra v x l dt im mi c cho php ng MC vn hnh tr li. R le gim st cun ct ca MC (F74): Trong mt s trng hp c th s dng r le gim st cun ct MC kha mch ng. Bi v khi cun ct b hng, nu xy ra s c hoc thao tc ct MC s khng thc hin c, iu ny rt nguy him nn s dng r le F74 kha mch ng ca MC. 23. Cc loi rle no vn c th ng li c my ct ngay c khi cha gii tr c hiu: i vi cc bo v r le k thut s khi tc ng ct MC th s kch hot cc n chc nng sng (c hiu). Tuy nhin khi im s c c c lp, r le tr v nhng cc n led chc nng vn

sng nhm gip cho NVVH nm bt nhanh chng tnh trng s c. Khi r le tr v th cho php NVVH thao tc ng li MC. 24. Cc rle khi mt tn hiu in p rle s lm vic sai l: Nhng rle sau y c s dng tn hiu in p: F21, F67/67N, F90, F25/F79. Khi mt tn hiu in p th bo v s lm vic sai . Cc bo v khong cch F21P, F21B : Khi mt tn hiu in p th bo v s lm vic sai do tng tr tnh ton ca r le c nhiu kh nng ri vo vng tc ng (Z1, Z2, hoc Z3). Cc r le s c ci t kho chc nng khong cch v chuyn sang chc nng qu dng khn cp bng mt nh phn vo (Binary Input) kim tra trng thi ca MCB cung cp p kim tra. F25: Khi mt tn hiu in p th khng kim tra c iu kin ng b ca h thng thc hin ho hai h thng in vi nhau. F79: Khi mt tn hiu in p th khng c in p so snh thc hin chc nng AR nu c yu cu kim tra ng b. i vi cc r le c chc nng qu dng c hng th chc nng ny s khng lm vic nu mt p kim tra a vo. * Lu cch khc phc: Cn c mch gim st trng thi cc MCB (mini current breaker) cung cp tn hiu in p kim tra a vo bo v Rle. 25. Mc ch, ngha ca vic dng rle bo v tn s thp: lch tn s khi tr s danh nh chng t trong h thng in b mt cn bng cng sut tc

dng gia ngun pht v ph ti. Nu tn s qu thp chng t trong h thng thiu cng sut tc dng, ngc li nu tn s qu cao chng t trong h thng tha cng sut tc dng. sai lch tn s l mt c trng cho s n nh ca h thng chng li nhng bin i cng sut tc dng trong h thng in. i lng ny cng b chng t h thng cng n nh. V vy h thng cng ln bao nhiu th thit b o tn cng phi chnh xc by nhiu. Khi tn s b gim thp chng t cng sut ca ngun in khng p ng c nhu cu ca ph ti. a tn s tr li bnh thng phi sa thi tng bc ph ti cho n khi lp li s s n nh ca h thng.

26. S nguyn l 87T: Nguyn l : a.Trng b.Trng hp ngn hp ngn Bo v so mch mch lch MBA ngoi v trong vng bo v da trn lm vic bnh nguyn tc so thng snh bin dng in gia hai u phn t c bo v. Theo s nguyn l ta thy: - Dng so

lch MBA: Idiff = | It1 - It2 | . Dng hm: Istab. = | It1| + | It2 | . 26.1.Trng hp MBA lm vic bnh thng v ngn mch ngoi th dng It2 ngc hung vi It1. Tc l : It2 = -It1 V ln : | It2| = | -It1| Dng so lch MBA: Idiff = | It1 + It2 | = | It1 - It2 | = 0 (v It2 ngc hng It1). Dng hm: Istab = | It1| + | -It2 | = 2It1 = 2It2. * Nh vy trng hp MBA lm vic bnh thng v ngn mch ngoi th dng so lch MBA bng 0 v dng hm bng hai ln dng chy qua MBA nn relay lm vic n nh. 26.2.Trng hp ngn mch trong vng bo v. Theo s ta thy khi ngn mch trong vng bo v th dng It2 = 0 . + Tc l : It2 = 0

+ Dng so lch MBA: Idiff = | It1 + It2 | = | It1 - It2 | = It1 (v It2 = 0) . + Dng hm: Istab. = | It1| + | -It2 | = | It1| = It1. + Trng hp ngn mch trong vng bo v th dng so lch MBA bng dng hm nn relay tc ng. 27. Bo v so lch th t khng (so lch trung tnh) MBA REF - F87N : Nguyn l: Bo v so lch trung tnh MBA dng bo v chng s c chm t trong MBA c im trung tnh ni t trc tip. Vng bo v c xc nh trong phm vi cc my bin dng pha v my bin dng trung tnh . 27.1. Khi lm vic bnh thng v ngn mch ngoi: + Dng chy qua im trung tnh bng tng cc dng pha IL1+IL2+IL3=0. Khi xy ra chm t ngoi vng bo v s xut hin dng th t khng I01 v I02 nhng bng nhau v ln v ngc chiu nhau. + Dng in: I02 dng th cp ca cc bin dng pha; I01: dng th cp ca im trung tnh. ISL0 = | I01| + | I02| = | I01| + | I02| = 0 (v I01 ngc chiu I02). ISL0 = 0 Nn bo v khng tc ng. 27.2. Khi c s c trong vng bo

v. Dng Id s chy qua im trung tnh v dng th t khng s chy qua cc bin dng pha I01 v I02 . + Nn: I01 = IL1 + IL2 + IL3 = 0 + Dng so lch : ISL0 = I01 + I02 = I02 0 (v I01 = 0) + Dng ca im trung tnh: Id = | I01 I02| - | I01 + -I02| = 0 Bo v s tc ng v : ISL0 > Id 28. ngha vic pht hin ngun DC b chm t: Ngun DC trong trm cp cho cc mch rt quan trng: mch bo v, iu khin, lin ng, tn hiu, chiu sng s c, thng tin lin lc.... Nu ngun DC chm t chng t cch in h thng DC c ch suy gim hoc mt li no . Nu khng x l kp thi, c th dn n s c trm trng hn gy mt nhng ngun cc k quan trng nh trn hoc c trng hp chm t dng ngun ti 2 im s lm cho MC tc ng nhm do dng ngun s trc tip vo cun ct. 29. Cch kim tra pht hin hin tng chm t ngun DC? Cho ct dn tng mch trong thi gian ngn xc nh ni b chm chp (trong 1 n 2 giy). Trng hp khng xc nh c chm t trong cc mch cung cp cho ph ti in mt chiu phi phn on s c xy ra trn thanh ci hoc Accu. Khi ct in cc vt ny phi ch vic cung cp cho cc ph ti quan trng. Khi xc nh c mch b s c cng phi ti lp ngay tip tc cung cp in (ngoi tr ng dy cung cp cho cc thit b khng

quan trng) v tm bin php x l bng cch tch dn cc nhnh ph ti ni vo ng dy tm im chm t. d dng xc nh im chm t c th dng n bo chm t hoc thit b o lng bit chm t cc dng (P) hay m (N) ca h thng mt chiu. 30. Cc tr s cch in ca h thng DC theo cc cp in p. Rc ca tng cp in p: 300K i vi ton b h thng in mt chiu . 1M i vi h thng lm vic ring l Theo QPTB ca nh xut bn xy dng nm 2001 th Rc ca tng cp in p nh sau th bo tn hiu: 20K i vi cp in p 220v 10K i vi cp in p 110v 5K i vi cp in p 48v 3K i vi cp in p 24v 31. Thit b kim tra cch in thng xuyn trn thanh ci DC pht tn hiu khi cch in b suy gim: Rle kim tra chm t ngun DC l thit b hp b vi t chnh lu. Khi cch in DC b suy gim th n tn hiu ti t DC s sng . 32. Cch thao tc khi vn hnh h thng lm mt MBA ch bng tay (Manual)? Cc iu cn lu : iu khin ti phng iu khin:

+ Kim tra cc kha thao tc ng/ct cc qut v tr ct. + Chuyn kho chn ch t ng/bng tay sang v tr bng tay. + Bt cc kha thao tc ng/ct ca tng qut mt sang v tr ng, kim tra ng c qut quay theo chiu kim ng h. Nu chuyn kha m ng c qut khng khi ng phi kim tra ptmt cp ngun mch iu khin, ngun cung cp cho tng ng c. iu khin ti t trung gian MBA: + Kim tra cc kho thao tc ng/ct cc qut v tr ct. + Chuyn kha chn ch t ng/bng tay sang v tr bng tay. + Chuyn kha chn ch t xa/ti ch sang v tr ti ch + Bt cc kha thao tc ng/ct ca tng qut mt sang v tr ng, kim tra ng c qut quay theo chiu kim ng h. Nu chuyn kho m ng c qut khng khi ng phi kim tra ptmt cp ngun mch iu khin, ngun cung cp cho tng ng c. *Cc iu cn lu : Khi khng cho ng c qut vn hnh ch bng tay na th phi chuyn kha chn ch t ng/bng tay sang v tr t ng, kha chn ch t xa/ti ch sang v tr t xa, cc kha thao tc ng/ct ca tng qut mt phi v tr ng chun b cho qut vn hnh ch t ng. II. L THUYT TRONG H THNG IN A. Bc 1/5: Cu 1: Phn tch tnh trng lm vic bnh thng trong mng

in 3 pha trung tnh cch t: Xt mt s mng in n gin gm my pht, ng dy v ph ti (nh hnh v). Mi pha ca mng in i vi t c mt in dung phn b ri dc theo chiu di ng dy. Nhng n gin coi rng in dung ny tp trung gia ng dy v i xng gia cc pha. Gia cc pha vi nhau cng c in dung, nhng y khng xt v chng khng nh hng n phn tch tnh trng lm vic ca im trung tnh. y cng ch xt n dng in dung v dng in ph ti 3 pha i xng khng nh hng n ch lm vic ca im trung tnh.
B

C B A
A C 0 CA 0 CB 0 CC
0 0 0 CC CB CA

PT

b) a)

Trn hnh v l th vc t ca in p v dng in dung trng thi lm vic bnh thng. Bnh thng c:
0 0 0 | CA | = | CB | =| CC | 0 0 0 0 C CA CB CC

=
A

=0

| A | = | B | = | C | = | Pha | 0

+B+C=0

Qua cc biu thc trn thy rng, tng dng in dung chy trong t v in p ca im trung tnh u bng khng. Cu 2: Phn tch tnh trng khi chm t 1 pha hon ton trong mng in 3 pha trung tnh cch t? Xt s mng in 3 pha trung tnh cch in i vi t c pha C chm t trc tip v th vc t biu din in p, dng in dung ca n. Khi pha C chm t trc tip, in p ca n i vi t bng khng Uc = 0, in p hai pha cn li dch chuyn i mt vc t Uc; tc l coi ti ch chm t c t thm mt in p - Uc. Trn c s c th xy dng c th vc t nh hnh b. D dng vit c cc biu thc: U A = UA UC = UAB U B = UB UC = UBC U C = U C U C = 0 UAB = UA UB = UAB Du phy pha trn biu th cho ch chm t.

B A
CB CA

b) a) 0
C

A C B -C

A B

CB CA - C

V dng in dung th nh sau: V in p hai pha khng s c tng ln ln, nn gi tr dng in dung ca chng cng tng so vi khi cha chm t, tc l I CB = 3I0CB, I CA = 3I0CA; cn dng in dung pha chm t bng khng . Dng in dung ti ch chm t s l:

V vct: I
CB

-I

= I

CA

Gi tr dng in dung ti ch chm t khi chm t mt pha c xc nh theo cng thc sau y. ng dy trn khng: ; ng dy cp: ; Trong : l in p dy (kV); L l chiu di tng cc ng dy c ni in vi nhau (km). T cc phn tch trn, c th rt ra cc kt lun sau: 1/ in p ca pha chm t bng khng, in p hai pha cn li tng ln ln (bng in p dy). 2/ in p dy ca mng in khng thay i. 3/ in p ca im trung tnh tng t khng n in p pha. 4/ Dng in dung ca cc pha chm t tng ln, cn dng in dung ti ch chm t tng ln 3 ln so vi dng in dung mt pha trc khi chm t. Cu 3: Phn tch tnh trng khi chm t 1 pha hon ton trong mng in 3 pha trung tnh ni t qua cun dp h quang: Cun dp h quang l cun cm c li thp t trong mt thng cha du my bin p (trng ging nh my bin p in lc 1 pha). in khng ca cun dp h quang c iu chnh bng cch thay i s vng dy hay khe h ca li thp.
b) a)
CB CA

A C B
L L C

Khi chm t mt pha, chng hn pha C (nh hnh v), in p im trung tnh cng l in p trn cun dp h quang tng ln bng in p pha, trong cun dp h quang xut hin dng in cm L (chm sau in p trung tnh 900). Kt qu ln ti ch chm t c dng in dung v dng in cm ngc pha nhau (hnh b). Nu iu chnh in khng ca cun dp h quang thch hp, dng in ti ch chm t bng khng. Trong thc t vn hnh phi ng ct ng dy, dng in dung C thay i, nn kh thc hin c L= C . Mt khc, phi iu chnh cn li mt tr s = L= C no cung cp cho rle tc ng bo tn hiu cho nhn vin trc nht bit v kp thi sa cha. Gi s mng in lm vic vi ton b ng dy m hiu chnh cun dp h quang sao cho C > L , tc l b thiu ( 1 = L= C ). R rng khi c mt s ng dy ct i th L gim i, khng m bo cho r le tc ng nn c th khng nhn bit c tnh trng chm t mt pha trong mng. Ngc li nu chn xl ca cun dp h quang sao cho khi tt c ng dy lm vic IL > C ( tc l b tha) v khi 2= L- C . Khi c mt s ng dy b ct s km tng gi tr 2, cng lm cho rle d tc ng, d dng pht hin c chm t mt pha.

Tm li, trong li in ba pha c trung tnh ni t qua cun dp h quang, cn phi b tha IL > C . Cu 4:Trnh by cc s phn phi ngoi tri dng trong trm bin p ? 1. S 1 h thng thanh gp:

331 D1 D2 S h thng 1 thanh gp khng phn on 332 371 373 N1 N2 331 D1 D2 S h thng 1 thanh gp c phn on bng DCL 332 371 373 N1 N2

- u im: c bn ca mt h thng thanh gp l n gin, gi thnh h, dao cch ly ch lm nhim v m bo an ton khi tin hnh sa cha v ng ct khi khng c dng in . - S mt h thng TG khng phn on c cc nhc im: + Khi sa cha thanh gp hoc dao cch ly thanh gp ca mt mch bt k, cn phi ct cc ngun cung cp, do phi ngng lm vic cc thit b trong thi gian sa cha. + sa cha mt my ct ca ng dy bt k phi ct ng dy v h tiu mt in trong thi gian sa cha. + Ngn mch trn thanh gp s dn ti bv t ng ct tt c MC ni n thanh gp, v cc thit b phi ngng lm vic trong thi gian loi tr s c . + Do nhng nhc im trn, s mt h thng thanh gp khng phn on ch dng cho thit b c mt ngun cung cp. Vic phn on thanh gp s tng cng tin cy lm vic ca thit b mt h thng thanh gp. S phn on c xc nh bng s lng v cng xut

ngun cung cp. a s trng hp s phn on bng s ngun cung cp. s ng dy c phn phi gia cc phn on sao cho khi ct mt phn on s khng dn ti ngng lm vic ca cc h tiu th quan trng. Do cc h tiu thu quan trng cn c cung cp t hai ngun ly t hai phn on khc nhau S 1 HTTG c MC phn on. + S mt h thng thanh gp phn on bng my ct (hnh v) c u im hn. Bnh thng my ct phn on MC c th ng hay ct. Nhng nu my ct bnh thng v tr ct th phi t thm thit b t ng ng ngun d tr (TDD). Nh thit b TDD, my ct MC s t ng ng li khi ngun cung cp ca phn on b ct ra. Nu my ct MC bnh thng ng v xy ra ngn mch trn bt k phn on no th my ct phn on v my ct ngun ni vi phn on y b ct ra. Phn on cn li vn lm vic bnh thng. S mt h thng thanh gp phn on bng my ct c dng rng ri cho cc nh my in v trm bin p c s mch t v in p bt k . + i vi nh my in, trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng, my ct phn on lun lun ng, cn i vi trm bin p c th ng hay ct my ct phn on ny. - Nhc im: ca s mt h thng thanh gp phn on bng my ct l khi s c hay sa cha mt phn on, cc ngun cung cp v ng dy ni vo phn on phi ngng lm vic. Khi sa cha my ct ca mt mch no , mch y tm thi mt

in . 1. S mt h thng thanh gp c thanh gp ng vng. - Nh phn tch trn, s mt h thng thanh gp c nhc im l sa cha my ct ca mch no th mch y mt in. Nhc im ny c th khc phc bng cch t thm mt h thng thanh gp ng vng MCv. h thng thanh gp vng c ni vi mi mch qua mt giao cch ly vng - Lc ny my ct vng thay th cho my ct ca ng dy a my ct ng dy ra sa cha . - Khi h thng thanh gp lm vic c phn on bng may ct hay dao cch ly , mi phn on t mt my c vng , hoc tit kim t mt my ct vng cho c hai phn on - Hai ng dy D3 vD4 lm vic song song, cung cp in cho trm t-1 Hai ng dy D2 v D5 cung cp in cho trm T-2, T3, T-4. ng dy D1 v D6 lm vic ring r c ni n hai phn on khac nhau. Bnh thng tt c may ct ng dy ngun cung cp v phn on u ng , my ct ng vng MCv v tr ct . - gim s lng my ct c th dng s hnh 5-19c trong my ct vng v my ct phn on ch l mt. Nhng nn nh rng trong cng mt lc my ct khng th lm hai nhim v ng thi. So vi s hnh 5-19a.b th s ny kinh t hn nhng vn hnh phc tp.

TG
D1

D2 S h thng 1 thanh gp c thanh gp ng vng DCLV N1 N2 MCV DCLV TGV

S 2 h thng thanh gp . - S h thng thanh gp c mt my ct trn mt mch ch r trn hnh v. - Trong s ny mi mt mch c ni vi hai h thng thanh gp qua mt my ct v hai dao cch ly thanh gp. Cc mch ng dy cn thm dao cch ly ng dy. Mt h thng thanh gp lm vic, mt h thng thanh gop d tr, v d TG-1 cn TG-2 d tr hoc ngc li. Cc dao cch ly ni vi thanh gp lm vic c ng li, cc dao cch ly ni vi thanh gp d tr c m ra. S lin lc gia hai thanh gp nh my ct ni MCn. - u im ca s hai h thng thanh gp l ln lt sa cha tng thanh gp m khng h tiu th no mt in, sa cha dao cch ly thanh gp ca mch no th mch y mt in, nhanh chng phc hi s lm vit ca thit b khi ngn mch trn h thng thanh gp lm vic, sa cha my ct ca mch bt k mch y khng phi ngng lm vic lu di. - Sa cha bt k cc dao cch ly thanh gp no cng phi

thao tc nh sa cha thanh gp v dao cch ly thanh gp ngng lm vic . - Nhc im ca s hai h thng thanh gp l dng dao cch ly thao tc ng ct cc mch dng in song song. nu thao tc nhm ln s dn n hu qu nghim trng. Mt khc nu khng phn on thanh gp lm vic th khi ngn mch s gy mt in ton b. khc phc nhc im ny ngi ta cho vn hnh hai thanh gp, mi thanh gp c ni vi na ngun v mt s tiu th cn may ct ni ng li lin lc gia hai thanh gp. Nh vy trong tnh trng vn hnh ny, h thng hai thanh gp phn on ging nh mt h thng thanh gp c phn on, trong my ct ni ng vai tr nh my ct phn on. Ch vn hnh ny c p dng rng ri cho cc thit b c in p t 35 kV tr ln. - Nhc im th ba s hai h thng thanh gp l khi sa cha my ct ca mch bt k, mch y tm thi mt in. Dng s hai h thng thanh gp s tn nhiu dao cch ly, b tr thit b phn phi phc tp v gi thnh cao nht l i vi thit b trong nh do cp in p 6/10 kV ngi ta rt t dng s ny . 2. S hai h thng thanh gp c thanh gp ng vng . (hnh v)

D1 S h thng 2 thanh gp c thanh gp vng

N1 TG1

D2
N2

MCN TG2 MCN2 MCN1 DCL2 DCL1 MCV MCD1 MCD2 DCLV DCLV DCLV

- S hai h thng thanh gp c thanh gp ng vng khc phc c nhc im hai h thng thanh gp trn : - Sa cha my ct ca mt mch bt k vn khng gy mt in d ch l tm thi. Cc mch u c ni vi thanh gp vng qua dao cch ly vng. Ngoi ra my ct ni lin lc gia hai h thng thanh gp chnh cn c my ct vng ni thanh gp ng vng vi

hai h thng thanh gp chnh. Trong mt s trng hp tit kim. Ngi ta khng t my ni thanh gp ring m ch s dng my ct ng vng v thm mt dao cch ly ph na (hnh). Nhng s dng my ct ng vng lm vic nh ct ni thanh gp ch thch hp khi bnh thng vn hnh trn mt h thng thanh gp. Nhng thit b bnh thng vn hnh c hai h thng thanh gp th khi sa cha mt my ct no th phi chuyn tt c cc mch sang mt h thng thanh gp v my ct ni lc ny lm nhim v ca my ct ng vng. - S hai h thng thanh gp ca thanh gp ng vng m bo lin tc cung cp in hn nhng tn nhiu dao cch ly, cu to thit b phn phi phc tp. S ny ng dng cho cc thit b quan trng c in p t 110 kV tr ln . 3. S a gic. - Trong s a gic thanh gp c ghp thnh vng kn (hnh) gia hai my ct phn on ch c mt mach v trn cc mch khng c my ct bo v ring. Khi sa cha my ct bt k khng c mch no mt in. S ny c my ct bng s mch nhng tnh bo m cung cp in cao hn s mt h thng thanh gp . - Tuy nhin s ny c nhc im l khi sa cha hay dao cch ly thanh gp th a gic b h. Khi nu xy ra ngn mch mch khc khong k vi n th a gic c th b tch ra hai phn , v vy dn n mt s ng dy hay my bin p b mt in. Cc kh c in phi chn theo dng cc i khi a gic b h. Dng in ny

ln hn dng in lm vic qua kh c in khi a gic kn rt nhiu, v vy phi chn kh c in c dng nh mc ln . - Cu to thit b phn phi ca s a gic phc tp v bo v role cho cc ng dy, my bin p kh khn hn. V vy ngi ta ch s dng cc s a gic vi s cnh ln nht l 6. 4. S cu . - t im ca s ny l s my ct t hn s mch m tnh m bo cung cp in vn khong km. S cu c p dung khi c bn mch . a. S cu c my ct pha my bin p (hnh v). - Trong s ny v pha ng dy khng c my ct m ch c dao cch ly. Khi sa cha hay s c mt my bin p hai ng dy vn lm vic bnh thng. Ngc li khi sa cha hay s c mt ng dy th mt my bin p tm thi mt in. Sau y c th dungfdao cch ly ng dy tch ri ng dy b s c hay cn sa cha khi phc li s lm vic bnh thng ca my bin p. s ny ch thch hp cho cc trm bin p cn phi thng xuyn ng, ct my bin p (trong mt s trm bin p, ph ti thay di nhiu, ti nhng gi ph ti thp ngi ta mun ct bt mt s my bin p gim tn tht cng xut trong n) v ng dy ngn . b. S cu c my ct pha ng dy ( hnh) - Trong s ny v pha ng day cao p ca my bin p khng t my ct. Nhng u, nhc im ca s cu c my ct pha ng dy hon ton ngc vi nhng u , nhc

im ca s cu c my ct dt pha cao p ca my bin p. - u im: s ny l nhc im ca s kia, tht vy trong s ny, khi ngn mch trn mt ng dy no th ch c ng dy mt in, cc my bin p vn lm vic bnh thng. Nhng khi s c trong my bin p th mt ng dy tm thi b mt in. V vy s ny thch hp cho cc trm bin p v chiu di ng dy ln. c. S cu m rng . - Do u im ca s cu l kinh t v tnh m bo cung cp in tng i cao, nn ngi ta dng s cu cho c trng hp, thit b c nm mch nh hai my bin p v ba ng dy hoc ba my bin p v hai ng dy. - Cn ch rng trong cc s cu khng t my ct pha cao p ca my bin p th cn ct my bin p ngi ta phi ct pha h p, sau y tin hnh ct my bin p trng thi khng ti bng dao cch ly. - Khi xy dng thit b phn phi theo s cu cn phi ch n s pht trin sau ny, sao cho s cu c th tr thnh s h thng thanh gp. Cu 5: Trnh by cc bin php gim tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng trong li in? Cc bin php ch yu gim tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng trong li in: gim tn tht cng sut, tn tht in nng trong li in: T biu thc: Tn tht cng sut: C th a ra cc bin php:

- Gim in tr R trn ng dy: phi tng tit din dy dn, dn n phi tng kh nng chu ng ca mng, ct: Phng php ny khng kinh t. - Tng in p nh mc ca h thng. Do my pht in khng c kh nng pht ra in p cao ph hp vi in p yu cu, cho nn nng cao in p ngi ta xy dng cc trm tng p, v ph hp vi cp in p ph ti ngi ta dng cc trm gim p. - Nng cao h s cng sut cos cc h x nghip bng cch hn ch cho cc ng c lm vic non ti hoc khng ti. - Phn b cng sut tc dng, cng sut phn khng trong mng theo mt phng thc kinh t nht - My bin p vn hnh vi phng thc tn tht in nng t nht. La chn s u dy hp l nht cho mng in. - Dng mng kn m khng dng mng h. - Kim tra thng xuyn tn tht in nng trong mng. Cu 6: Trnh by cc phng php iu chnh in p trong li in. a. iu chnh in p bng cch thay i u phn p ca MF: m bo in p u ra ph hp vi yu cu ca h tiu dng. Khi ph ti tng ln th phi iu chnh nng cao in p ca

MF. Khi ph ti gim xung th ta phi h thp in p ca MF m bo lch in p khng vt qu gi tr cho php. b. iu chnh in p bng cch thay i u phn p ca MBA : in p thp nht xut hin trn thit b khi ph ti l cc i v in p cao nht xut hin khi ph ti l cc tiu . Mt trong nhng bin php c bn m bo in p cn thit trn thit b tiu th l chn u phn p ca MBA l thay i t s bin K ca MBA t c tr s in p yu cu ca ph ti. c. iu chnh in p bng MBA iu p di ti: Vic thay i in p bng cch thay i u phn p, phi tin hnh ct in tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp khng cho php ct in ph ti. V vy ngi ta dng MBA c bit iu chnh in p gi l MBA iu p di ti. MBA iu p di ti cho php thay i u phn p m khng cn phi ct in. Nh vy ta c th thay i u phn p ng vi trng thi vn hnh ca ph ti lun lun gi cho in p gn bng hoc ln hn in p nh mc. Cu 7: Nu cc s ni dy ca TI, TU trong bo v rle ? a. S ni dy ca TI trong bo v Rle: 1. S ni cc bin dng in v rle theo hnh sao hon ton. - Trong s ny cc bin dng in t trn c ba pha, cun dy ca rle c ni vo dng

in ba pha ton phn (hnh 1a). Dy trung tnh (dy v) bo m s lm vic ng ca s khi ngn mch chm t hoc khi ngn mch 2 pha . Khi h thng lm vic bnh thng v khi ngn mch 3 pha dng in I0 = 0 v trong dy trung tnh (v nguyn tc) khng c dng in. - Khi ngn mch chm t dng in chy trn dy trung tnh l: 3 = ++ - S sao hon ton c th lm vic c khi ngn mch mt pha. Tuy nhin, hin nay bo v chng ngn mch mt pha, ngi ta thng dng s hon ho hn c b lc thnh phn th t khng.

* * * IA IB IC Ia Ib Ic S hnh sao hon ton

2. S ni cc bin dng in v rle theo hnh sao khuyt. - Cc bin dng in ch t trn hai pha, cun dy ca rle cng ni vo dng in pha ton phn (hnh 2).

=-( +) hay = - Nh vy trong s ny dng in Iv tn ti c trong tnh trng lm vic bnh thng v dy v bo m s lm vic bnh thng ca cc bin dng in trong tnh trng ny. Dy v cn bo m s tc ng ng ca bo v khi ngn mch hai pha trong mt pha khng t bin dng in (pha B) v khi ngn mch nhiu pha . - Khi ngn mch mt pha khng t bin dng in (pha B ca hnh 2) s ca hnh sao khuyt s khng lm vic, v vy s ny ch dng chng ngn mch nhiu pha.

* * IA IB IC Ia Ic S hnh sao khuyt

3. S ni mt rle vo hiu s dng in hai pha: - S ny cn c gi l s hnh s 8. Dng in i vo

rle l: = tnh trng i sng: Ia = Ic IR =

Nh vy h s s : ksd = - S dng mt rle ni vo hiu s dng in hai pha c nhy: Kn = ph thuc vo dng ngn mch. + Khi ngn mch 3 pha dng in trong rle I(3)R = . I(3)NT (hnh 3b) trong I(3)NT l dng in ngn mch 3 pha quy i v pha th cp ca bin dng in. + Khi ngn mch hai pha c t bin dng in (pha A, C): I(3)R.AC = 2I(2)NT. + Khi ngn mch hai pha, trong mt pha khng t bin dng in (AB hoc BC): I(2)RAB = I(2)NT (hnh 3c) Nh vy hai trong ba trng hp ngn mch hai pha, s c nhy ln b hn khi ngn mch hai pha. y l khuyt im ca s ni mt rle vo hiu s dng in hai pha.

* IA IB IC Ia Ic S hnh s 8 *

b. S ni ca TU trong bo v rle: 1. S ni cc cun dy theo hnh sao hon ton: - C th dng ba bin in p mt pha hoc mt bin in o ba pha. S ni cc bin in p theo hnh sao vi cc rle ni vo in p dy(a),in p pha (b), v in p gia ba pha v im trung tnh ca h thng in p dy. - S c th cung cp cho rle cc in p dy, cc in p pha v cc in p gia cc pha v im trung tnh ca h thng in p dy (hnh 1: a,b,c). - in p t vo cc rle: Ua0 = ; Ub0 = ; Uc0 = ;

A B C A B C 0

S hnh sao hon ton. 2. S ni cc cun dy theo hnh ch V: S c to thnh bi hai bin in p mt pha ni vo hai in p dy bt k ca mng s cp v c dng rng ri trong cc h thng in p 35kV khi khng cn ly (dng) in p pha i vi t.

A B C
S hnh ch V 3. S b lc in p th t khng . - S c to thnh bi ba bin in p mt pha hoc mt bin in p ba pha nm tr c hai cun dy th cp, mt cun dy ni hnh sao c trung tnh ni t, mt cun ni hnh tam gic h. in p t vo rle ni vo hai u tam gic h.(hnh 3a): = + + = (+ +)= . - Cng c th ly c in p U0 bng cch ni t im trung tnh ca h thng, (v d ca my pht in hnh 3b) qua mt bin in p mt pha. Rle c ni vo cun th cp ca bin in p. Khi chm t s dch chuyn in p U0 ca im trung tnh v trn cc cc ca rle c in p UR = . U0

A B C
S b lc th t khng. Cu 8: Trnh by nguyn l

lm vic ca cc rle bo v dng trong trm bin p? a. Bo v qu dng: l loi bo v tc ng khi dng din qua ch t thit b bo v vt qu gi tr nh trc. C th chn bo v qu dng in thnh bo v dng in cc i hay bo v dng in ct nhanh. Chng khc nhau ch cch m bo yu cu tc ng chn lc v vng bo v tc ng. m bo dng in cc i tc ng chn lc, ngi ta to cho n thi gian tr hon thch hp. m bo chnh xc chn lc cho bo v ct nhanh cn chn dng khi ng thch hp. Vng bo v ca bo v dng in cc i gm c phn t c bo v. Vng bo v ca bo v ct nhanh ch mt phn ca phn t c bo v. Nhc im ca bo v qu dng l khng m bo c tnh chn lc ca bo v trong cc li in phc tp c nhiu ngun cung cp. b. Bo v dng in c hng: l loi bo v lm vic theo gi tr dng in ti ch ni rle v gc pha ca dng in y vi in p thanh ci ca trm c t bo v. Bo v tc ng nu IR > IK v pha ca n ph hp vi trng hp ngn mch ng dy c bo v. Nh vy bo v dng in c hng l bo v qu dng in cng vi b phn lm vic theo gc pha ca dng in v in p ti ch t bo v. Trong bo v qu dng in c hng ngi ta dng rle cng sut nh hng tc ng cho bo v v ch cho php tc ng khi cng sut ngn mch i t thanh gp hng ra ng dy. c. Bo v khong cch: l loi

bo v c b phn c bn l b phn o khong cch, lm nhim v xc nh tng tr t ch t bo v ti im ngn mch. Thi gian lm vic ca bo v ph thuc vo quan h gia dng in v in p a vo phn o lng ca bo v v gc lch pha gia chng. Thi gian ny tng ln khi tng khong cch t ch h hng ti ch t bo v. Bo v t gn ch h hng nht c thi gian lm vic b nht. d. Bo v so lch: l loi bo v lm vic da trn nguyn tc so snh trc tip dng in trn cc nhnh ca i tng bo v. e. Bo v hi thng du MBA: trong MBA mi s c xy ra u lm cho du bc hi v lng hi ny c chuyn t bnh du chnh sang bnh du ph MBA. Li dng hin tng ny ngi ta dng rle hi bo v cho MBA. Rle hi gm 2 phao thy tinh 1 v 2, bn trong cha tip im thy ngn c c nh trn gi . trng thi lm vic bnh thng trong bnh cha rle hi ch u du MBA nn cc tip im ca phao 1 v 2 m. Khi c s c nh trong MBA th du trong MBA bc hi hoc mc du h thp lm cho phao 1 chm xung ng tip im i bo tn hiu. trng hp khi c s c nng du trong MBA bc hi nhiu lm cho phao 1 v 2 chm xung, khi phao 2 chm tip im ca n ng li gi tn hiu i ct. Cu 9: Cho bit cng dng v phm vi bo v ca ct thu li ? Cng dung ca ct thu li: bo v chng st nh trc tip vo i tng cn bo v (trm bin p) ngi ta dng ct thu li. 1/ Phm vi bo v ca mt

ct thu st. Phm vi bo v ca mt ct thu st l min c gii hn bi mt ngoi ca hnh chp trn xoay c ng sinh xc nh bi phng trnh: 1.6 rx = (h hx) 1 + hx/h Vi: h - cao ct thu st. rx - bn knh ca phm vi bo v mc cao hx. hx - cao ca vt cn c bo v. (h hx) - cao hiu dng ca ct thu st. thun tin trong tnh ton thit k thng dng phm vi bo v dng n gin ha (hnh v). ng sinh ca hnh chp c dng gy khc, mt trong cc on ca n (ab) l phn ng thng ni nh ct thu st ti im trn mt t cch chn ct 0.75h, cn ct kia (bc) l phn ng thng ni gia im cao 0.8h trn thn ct ti im cch xa chn ct 1.5h. T hnh v ta thy, im b c cao 2h/3. bn knh bo v cc mc cao khc nhau c tnh ton theo cc cng thc sau y: - Khi hx 2h/3 th : rx = 1,5 h (1 hx/0,8h).P - Khi hx > 2h/3 th : rx = 0,75 h (1 hx/0,8h).P Cc cng thc trn ch dng trong trng hp ct thu st cao ti 30m. Hiu qu ca ct thu li cao hn 30m s b gim do cao nh hng ca st gi hng s. C th dng cc cng thc trn tnh ton phm vi bo v nhng phi nhn thm h s hiu chnh P=5.5/ v trn hnh v dng cc honh

0,75 hp v 1,5 hp. 2/ Phm vi bo v ca 2 v nhiu ct thu li. Hnh v.

- Gi s i tng cn c bo v nm trong vng bo vc ca 2 ct thu li nh hnh v.

Lc ny chiu ngang hp nht bx ca phm vi bo v ng vi cao hx ca i tng cn c bo v, c xc nh nh sau: bx =2Rx(7ha-a)/(14ha-a). Trong : + a: l khong cch gia 2 ct thu li. Hai ct thu li ch c tc dng ln nhau nu a/ ha 7. Mun xc nh b ngang hp nht bx ngi ta ta xc nh t l a/ha.Gi s ta c: a/ha=3, sau ta hy tm t l hx/h, v d trng hp ny t l hx/h=0,3, tc l hx=0,3h, t ta c bx=0,9ha. Trng hp t nhiu ct thu li th cc phn ngoi ca khu vc bo v cng c xc nh theo cc cng thc trn. Cn phi kim tra iu kin bo v an ton cho ton din tch cn c bo v. Vt c cao hx nm trong trm s c bo v nu tho mn iu kit: D 8(h-hx) vi h 30m D 8(h-hx).P vi P>30m Cu 10: Cho bit cng dng v phm vi bo v ca dy chng st? a. Cng dng ca dy chng st: - H thng thu st bao gm: b phn thu st (kim, dy), b phn ni t v cc dy dn lin quan n hai b phn ny. Tc dng bo

v h thng thu st tp trung in tch nh nhn b phn thu st, to nn in trng ln nht gia n vi u tia tin o thu ht st v hnh thnh khu vc an ton bn di, xung quanh h thng thu st. - Dy chng st c dng bo v chng st nh thng trc tip vo ng dy ti in trn khng. b. Phm vi bo v ca dy chng st: Phm vi ca dy chng st c to bi mt ct thng ng theo phng vung gc vi dy chng st c honh : 0,6hp v 1,2hp. - p = 1 khi h 30m. khi 30m < h 60m. b-1: Phm vi bo v ca 1 dy chng st: h: l treo cao dy chng st. hx: l cao ca vt cn bo v. bx: l bn knh ca phm vi bo v ca dy chng st cao hx. Phm vi bo v bx theo hx nh sau: * Vi dy chng st c treo cao h 30m. hoc thep phng php n gin: Khi Khi * Vi dy chng st c treo cao 30m < h < 250m. Phm vi bo v theo chiu cao (mt ct ng) gim mt khong cch h tnh t nh. Vi h tnh theo:

b-2: Phm vi bo v ca 2 dy chng st: Khi 2 dy chng st t cch nhau S = 2R = 4h th mi im trn mt t nm gia 2 dy dn s c bo v an ton. Nu S < 4h gia hai dy c th bo v c mt cao: Khi dy dn 3 pha ca ng dy ti in cng nn trn mt mt phng ngang th iu kin ca dy gia vi cao hDD c bo v l khong cch S gia 2 dy chng st phi tha mn iu kin: b-3: cch xc nh phm vi bo v ca dy chng st ca ng dy ti in cao p: treo cao trung bnh ca dy dn thng ln hn 2h/3, do trong trng hp ny vic v ton b phm vi bo v ca dy chng st l khng cn thit m thng thng ch cn xc nh gc bo v l . l gc to thnh gia ng thng ni lin cc im treo dy chng st v dy dn v ng thng vung gc vi mt t qua dy chng st. cng b th xc xut st nh vo dy dn v cng b: Vi hc l chiu cao ct in tnh bng mt, l gc bo v tnh bng . trng hp gii hn th dy chng st c th bo v c mt gc gh bng trong thc t tng mc mc an ton, tc l gim xc sut st nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn, ngi ta thng chn = 20 25o cho cc ng dy ti quan trng. Cu 11: Cho bit cng dng ca cc loi ni t trong h

thng? - Ni t lm vic: l m bo s lm vic bnh thng ca thit b hoc mt s b phn ca thit b theo ch lm vic nh sn nh ni t trung tnh MBA, cun khng in, dao ni t. - Ni t an ton: l bo v cho ngi khi tip xc vi cc phn v my bnh thng khng mang in nhng khi cch in b chc thng in p cao xm nhp sang pha in p thp m khng gy ra tai nn in git. V vy ni t an tpon cn c gi l ni t bo v. V d nh ni t mt u cun th cp TU, TI, ni dt DCL, MC khi sa cha. - Ni t chng st: m bo tn dng in st xung t khi c st nh vo ct thu li, dy chng st, ng dy ti in nhm gim nh in p do st gy ra khng lm h hng cch in ca thit b. Ni t chng st c 2 loi: ni t cho ct thu li, dy chng st v ni t cho cc thit b chng st nh PT (chng st ng), PB (chng st van). Cu 12: H quang in l g? Nguyn nhn, tc hi v cc phng php dp tt h quang? - H quang in l hin tng phng in t duy tr trong cht kh vi mt dng rt ln (hng nghn A/cm2), nhit rt cao c th t n 100000C phn trung tm h quang v 3000 n 40000C phn b mt h quang. - Nguyn nhn sinh ra h quang in: + Do ng ct u tip xc ca cc kh c in. + Do phng in trong qu

trnh ngn mch. + Do qu trnh ion ho cht kh gia hai u tip xc ca kh c in. - Tc hi ca h quang in: + V h quang pht sinh ra nhit cao, do sau mi ln ng ct b mt tit xc ca tip im thng b chy r. + H quang c th pht sinh an cho gia cc pha gy nn hin tng ngn mch nhiu pha. Trng hp ny thng xy ra khi thit b ng ct b hng b dp h quang. + Nu xy ra h quang in chp chn c th gy ra hin tng qu in p ni b lm hng cch in ca my in hoc hng cch in ca ng dy ti in. + H quang c th gy bng hoc t vong cho con ngi. + H quang c th gy ra ho hon nu n pht sinh nhng ni c vt liu d chy n. - Cc phng php dp tt h quang: + Ko di h quang in: khi h quang b ko di th in p duy tr n cn phi cao. Nu in p hai u tip xc nh hn in p duy tr th h quang s b dp tt nhanh chng. + Chia h quang thnh nhiu h quang ngn: dng cc tm kim loi t song song trong bung cha cc u tip xc chia nh h quang d dng dp tt. + Dp tt h quang trong khe nh ca bung dp h quang: chy trong khe nh, h quang b h nhit nhanh hn v cc phn tch in ca n khuch tn vo mi trng xung quang, dn n kh ion v h quang b dp tt nhanh chng. + Chuyn ng h quang

trong t trng: h quang c coi nh mt dy dn c dng chy qua. Khi h quang t trong t trng H th s c lc F tc dng ln n. Nu hng t trng vung gc vi trc h quang th h quang b chuyn ng tnh tin v b y vo khe h ca bung dp tt h quang. Khi t trng trn, h quang chuyn ng quay, d dng c lm mt v kh ion. i vi kh c trn 1000V, c th dng bin php dp tt h quang khe h v trong t trng nu trn. + Dp tt h quang trong du cch in: nu cc u tip xc c t trong du cch in, khi h quang xut hin, di tc dng nhit ca h quang du b phn tch to thnh bt kh p sut cao lm cho h quang b ko di v b dp tt. + Dp tt h quang bng thi khng kh: h quang c lm ngui nhanh hn khi c lung kh chuyn ng c hng thi vo. Thi dc hay thi ngang vo h quang to iu kin tip xc cc phn t kh vi h quang, dn ti khuch tn v lm ngui h quang d dng. Tt nht l thi h quang bng kh lnh t cc bnh nn kh. Bin php thi khng kh dp tt h quang c dng trong my ct khng kh + Dp tt h quang bng cch dng nhiu ch ct: ct mch in vi dng in cng ln v in p cng cao cng kh khn v rng khi nng lng ln, in p phc hi cao, kh ion trong khe kh khn hn. V vy trong cc my ct in cao p dng nhiu ch ct trong mt pha, in p cng cao cng nhiu ch ct. + Dp tt h quang bng mi

trng chn khng: h quang b dp tt trong mi trng chn khng c bn in cao gp hng chc ln so vi khng kh p sut thng. + Dp tt h quang bng kh p sut cao: kh p sut cao c bn cch in cao. c bit kh SF6 c th dp tt h quang ngay c p sut thng. Cu 13: Cho bit cng dng v phn loi cc t bng iu khin trong trm bin p ? + Cng dng: Cc t bng trong trm bin p dng lp t cc thit b nh r le bo v, cc ng h o lng, cc sa c tn hiu, cc kha iu khin ng ct t xa MC, DCL.... l ni trung gian ni dy cc mch nh th mt cch chc chn, thun li cho vic th nghim, kim tra trong vn hnh. Cch ly cc thit b nh th vi mi trng bt li. + Phn loi: Ty theo nhim v c th m ta phn loi nh sau: T iu khin: dng lp t cc kha iu khin ng ct, hin th s phng thc vn hnh ca trm. lp t cc b bo tn hiu, cc ng h o lng Cc t r le: phn ln c lp t cc thit b nh r le bo v, cc hng kp u dy trung gian. Cc t u y ngoi tri ca thit b: l ni trung gian u cp nh th ca thit b ngoi tri vi cc thit b iu khin, bo v nh vn hnh. Cu 14: Cch lp t t bng iu khin? - Cng tc xy dng mng t t phi chc chn.

- Cc t in v bng in phi c cn chnh trn cng mt ng tm v phi c c nh chc chn. - Qu trnh cu hoc di chuyn phi cn thn, chc chn. Dng dy luc hoc dy xch phi m bo, trnh ri rt, va chm lm h hng t. - B tr, lp t ti nhng v tr hp l, d dng, thun tin cho vic vn hnh, theo di, iu khin, cng nh truy cp cc thng s. - Lp t, u ni ng thit k v m bo tnh nng k thut. - Trong qu trnh lp t, trnh cc va chm lm nh hng n cc thit b, kh c bn trong. - Vic lp t, u ni cc thit b trong t bng phi cn thn v ng thit k. - Vic ni cc thit b vi thanh ci ca t phi dng bulong hay cht nh v. - Cc bulong ai c v vng m bng thp dng ni cc thanh ci vi cc thit b u phi m km. - Lp ghp ng theo th t kt ni nu l t hp b. - Tt c cc thit b phn kim loi ca v t u phi c ni t. Cu 15: Cc b phn sau y ca MBA dng lm g: cc s ra, cc cnh lm mt, thng gin n du, qut lm mt, bm du, ng phng n, bnh silicagen ? - Cc s ra: Cch in gia dy dn v v MBA,c nh khong cch gia cc pha vi nhau v dy trung tnh, a dy dn t trong MBA ra ngoi. - Cnh lm mt: Lm tng din tch b mt tip sc vi khng

kh kh nng trao i nhit gia du nng trong MBA v mi trng bn ngoi din ra nhanh hn. -Thng dn n du: m bo cho thng du chnh lun y du, cha du khi mc du trong MBA tng cao do s dn n ca du theo nhit . - Qut lm mt: lm tng hiu sut tn nhit ca cnh tn nhit - Bm du: dng bm du nng pha trn ra ngoi cnh tn nhit lm tng nhanh chu k ca dng du tun hon, gi cho nhit trong MBA lun n nh. - ng phng n: Gii phng p lc tng cao qu mc cho php do MBA b qu ti hoc s c ni b MBA. - Bnh silicagel: Cha ht silicagel ht m, ngn khng cho hi m lt vo trong MBA v duy tr p lc kh quyn ln b mt du. Cu 16: Nguyn l lm vic v cch lp rp rle hi (rle Buchholz) kiu hai phao ca MBA? Cch x kh trong rle hi trc khi a MBA vo vn hnh:

Thng du MBA Rle hi Thng du ph Thng du chnh Thng du ph 1 2 3 4

6 7

a. Cu to 1. V RL hi 2. Np RL hi 3. Cc 4.6 Phao 5.7 Tip im i bo tn hiu, tc ng i ct MC b. Cch lp rp: RL hi c lp trn ng ni gia thng du chnh MBA v bnh du ph Vi chiu mi tn trn rle hng v pha bnh du ph. Hai u rle hi c van, Lc MBA vn hnh 2 van u v tr m. Ch ng li khi cn tho sa cha rle hi. y l loi rle c 2 phao t trong mt bung du kn, trong phao nm trn tc ng khp tip im i bo tn hiu, phao nm di tc ng khp tip im i ct MC cc pha MBA. cho kh bc ra d dng thot t thng du chnh ln thng du ph ngi ta thng t np

MBA hi nghing 20 v pha bnh du ph. c. Nguyn l lm vic : Bnh thng trong rle hi lun cha y du, khi c h hng nh hay bt u c s c: Lc ny c nhiu bt kh c to ra , chy qua ng ni n bnh du ph v ng li trong bung rle hi do lm cho mc du trong rle hi gim xung . Phao 4 c gn nam chm vnh cu chm xung v ht tip im li g ng tip im 5 bo tn hiu. Khi c s c nng to ra lung kh mnh di chuyn n bnh du ph lm cho phao 6 chm xung v khp tip im 7 i ct MC cc pha MBA. Khi mc du gim thp do c r r du trong MBA qu mc cho php, u tin phao trn (4) tc ng i bo tn hiu , nu mc du tip tc gim th phao di tc ng i ct MC cc pha MBA. Sau mi ln rle tc ng ct MC cc pha MBA cn phi Reset bng tay ti nt reset trn rle. d. Cch x kh trong rle hi trc khi a MBA vo vn hnh: Trc khi a MBA vo vn hnh cn phi x kh trong rle hi trch tc ng nhm v qu trnh vn chuyn hoc np du hoc lp t trong rle c th c hi du. Khi MBA mang ti hoc nhit thay i th c th lm rle tc ng nhm. - X van trn rle hi cho

du v kh chy ra sau ng kn li (van ny c th c lp ti 01 ng ni nh t rle xung). Cu 17: Du trong MBA dng lm g? Cc yu cu c bn i vi du dng trong MBA ? Ti sao MBA c b i nc c ti th hai u thng gin n du, c hai ng h ch th mc du? Mc du trong MBA cao hay thp tng ng theo nhit du c xc nh nh th no ? Nhit du ca MBA c o bng cch no v o ti v tr lp du no ca MBA ? a. Du my bin p c nhng tc dng sau: 1. Cch in: - Cch in gia cc vng dy, lp dy. - Cch in gia cc pha vi pha. - Cch in gia cc cun dy vi v v li thp. 2. Ngm tm lm tng kh nng cch in cho cc vt liu ngm trong du: - Vi, giy qun quanh cc vng dy. - G chn gi cc cun dy. 3. Lm mt cc cun dy v li thp my bin p: - Khi vn hnh, di tc dng ca dng in ph ti v dng in Phu-c, cc cun y v li thp u pht nhit, nu khng c bin php lm mt, nhit cun dy, li thp s rt cao, ph hng cch in, hng my bin p. - Khi c du bin p th nhit lng ny s truyn vo du v du truyn ra ngoi bng cch i lu b phn tn nhit xung quanh my bin p. 4. Dp h quang:

Khi trong my bin p c nhng tia phng in nh du bin p c th dp tt, hn ch kh nng gy ra s c cho my bin p. b. Cc yu cu c bn i vi du dng trong MBA: No Hng mc Du mi Du th nghim trong trong my vn hnh in p chc 30 25 thng,kV/ 35 30 2,5cm 45 40 Di 15kV 60 55 15 n 35 70 60 1 kV Di 110 kV 110 n 220 kV 500 kV Tang gc tn tht in mi khng 0,2 1 2 qu, % 2,2 7 o 20 C 90oC Tr s axt 0,02 0,25 mg KOH 3 trong 1g du khng qu. Hm lng Khng 0,1 mg axt v kim c KOH 4 ho tan trong nc. Hm lng khng khng c tp cht c c hc theo 5 khi lng khng qu, % 6 Nhit 135 Gim chp chy khng

kn oC khng thp hn - Khi 0,01 lng cn 0,10 khng qu, % - Tr s axt du sau xy ha mg KOH trn 1g du khng qu Ch s Natri 0,4 khng qu nht ng m3/s khng ln 28 hn 9,0 20oC 50oC Hm lng 0,001 nc theo khi lng khng qu , % Hm lng kh ho tan khng qu, 1,0 % 0,5 220 n 330kV 500kV

qu 5oC so vi ln phn tch trc. Khng th Khng th

khng th khng th khng th 0,0025

10

11

2,0 2,0

c. MBA c b i nc c ti th hai u thng gin n du, c hai ng h ch th mc du l ti v: Nh ta bit thng du chnh v thng du b OLTC l hai thng du c ngn cch vi nhau v mi thng u c bnh du ph ring . S d hai thng du c ngn cch vi nhau v: kkhi iu

chnh in p tc l thay i s vng dy ca cun trung tnh cao p ti cc u tip xc c gy ra h quang in nn d lm du b bn v li d c s c ti cc im tip xc . V vy phi t b i nc c ti trong thng du ring thun tin, an ton hn trong cng tc vn hnh cng nh trong qu trnh i tu sa cha my bin p c tt hn. Nh trn ta xt cng dng ca du bin p nn ta bit c hai thng du (thng du chnh ca my bin p v thng du cho b OLTC) u cn mc du theo quy nh do cn c ng h ch th mc du 2 u thng gin n du m bo mc du c hai thng lun trong vn hnh . d. Mc du trong MBA cao hay thp tng ng theo nhit du c xc nh: Trn mi bnh du ph c lp t ng h ch th mc du ca my bin p v mc du b OLTC hin th theo nhit v c tip im bo tn hiu mc du cao v thp. khi mi trng lnh nht mc du ca my bin p h xung n khi kim v tr 0,2 s bo tn hiu mc du thp v khi mi trng nng nht mc du tng cao n khi kim v tr 9,8 s bo mc du v tr cao. Tng t trn bnh du ph OLTC c cc vch Min, +250C, Max tng ng theo nhit mi trng lm cho mc du trong my tng ln hay h xung. Khi kim v tr Min s bo tn hiu. Vic xc nh mc du ca MBA c cn c vo ng cong ch th mc du vi nhit ca n c ghi trn nhn cuae MBA. e. Nhit du ca MBA c o bng cch no v o ti v

tr lp du no ca MBA: o nhit du, dng mt bu nhit biu t trong thng MBA ti lp du trn cng v tr nhit du l nng nht. Khi nhit du thay i bu nhit biu s cm nhn v to nn p lc trong bu nhit biu tng ng ng thi lm quay kim ch th tng ng. Cu 18: Cng dng, phn loi cc my bin in p (cao p) ? Trong s mt si ca trm bin p, cc my bin in p thng c u ni ti v tr no ? Cng dng my bin in p: Bin in p dng bin i in p t tr s ln xung tr s thch hp ( thng 110V hay 100 3 cung cp cho cc dng c o lng, rle v t ng ho. Nh vy cc dng c th cp c tch khi mch in cao p nn rt an ton cho ngi. Phn loi cc my bin in th: Bin in p c phn lm 02 loi, kh v du. Mi loi c th phn theo s lng pha: bin p mt pha v ba pha. + Bin p kh ch dng cho thit b phn phi trong nh. Bin p kh mt pha dng in p 6kV tr li, cn bin in p kh ba pha dng cho in p n 500V. + Bin in p du c ch to vi in p 3kV tr ln v dng cho thit b phn phi c trong nh ln ngoi tri. + Bin in p du ba pha nm tr c ch to vi in p 3 n 20kV. N gm mt mch t nm tr( trong ba tr c dy qun, cn hai tr bn khng c dy qun cho t thng th t khng chy qua) v hai cun dy th cp ni

hnh sao v hnh tam gic h. + i vi in p 110kV tr ln, gim bt kch thc v lm nh cch in ca bin in p ngi ta dng bin in p kiu phn cp. Bin in p kiu phn cp bao gm nhiu tng li, cn cun dy th cp ch trn li t cui cng. S tng li t ph thuc vo in p nh mc 110kV c hai tng, cn 220kV tr ln th s tng nhiu hn. + i vi in p 500kV v cao hn, ngi ta dng b phn chia in p bng t ly mt phn in p cao ri mi a vo bin in p, in p ly khong 10-15kV, sau nh bin in p mt pha h xung in p thch hp cho o lng, rle v t ng ho. in p th cp khng thay i theo ph ti cn t thm in khng v b chng nhiu . Trong s mt si ca trm bin p, cc my bin p thng c u ni ti u cc xut tuyn ng dy v ti thanh ci cc xut tuyn. Cu 19: Cng dng, phn loi cc my bin dng in (cao p) ? Trong s mt si ca trm bin p, cc my bin dng ngoi thng c u ni ti v tr no ? - Cng dng: Bin dng dng bin i dng t tr s ln xung tr s thch hp (thng l 5A, trng hp c bit l 1A hay 10A) vi cc dng c o v rle, t ng ho - Phn loi: Bin dng c 2 loi chnh bin dng kiu xuyn v bin dng kiu . - Trong s mt si ca trm bin p, cc my bin dng ngoi

thng c u ni ti cc MC xut tuyn. Cu 20: Cng dng ca my ngt in ? Trong my ngt in SF6 th kh SF6 dng lm g ? Kh SF6 trong cc my ngt cn t cc yu cu k thut g? Cho bit tr s tnh quy i tng ng cc n v thng dng o p sut kh SF6 sau y: Bar, MPa (Mgapascal), kg/ cm2 ? . a. Cng dng ca MC in: My ct in dng ng ct mch in trong tnh trng lm vic bnh thng (khi c dng ph ti) cng nh s c (c dng ngn mch). b. Trong MC kh SF6 dng cch in v dp h quang. c. Kh SF6 trong cc MC cn t cc yu cu k thut sau: - m ca kh SF6 phi nh. - bn v ho hc: nhit mi trng bn ngoi SF6 c xem nh 1 kh tr. - bn v vt l: nhit ln hn 500oC c th b phn hu sn phm phn hu ln th kh. - Tnh cht v in: + SF6 l 1 in mi c bn in cao gp 2 ln khng kh + Nng lng cn thit phn hu SF6 rt cao nn d lm ngui h quang. + Ion Flo sinh ra do phn hu bt gi nhanh chng cc in t t do v tr thnh Ion m t chuyn ng lm chm tr thc in khi ngun h quang. + V mt in t, h quang mt n nh, d tt. d. Cho bit tnh tr s quy i tng ng cc n v thng

dng o p sut kh SF6 nh: BPa, Mpa, kg/cm2 - 1 Mpa = 10Bar - 1 Bar = 1,02 kg/cm2 - 1 Mpa = 10,2 kg/cm2 Cu 21: K tn v cng dng ca cc thit b o m in c lp trn bn in t xa, dng o m cc thng s vn hnh in cho mt MBA chnh trong trm bin p? Cc thit b o m trn dng o m thng s in cho 3 pha hay tng pha ? Cc mch in no c ni n cung Cp tn hiu cho mi loi thit b o m k trn. - Hp b o lng, dng o cc thng s U(dy v pha), I(pha), cos , f, P(3pha), Q(3pha), S(3pha), Kwh(3pha), Kvarh(3pha). Mi pha ca MBA u cn c ring mt hp b o lng. Cc hp b o lng ny thng c ngun nui c lp. - Cng t ranh gii (Ch dng cho pha 35kV v 22kV), o in nng Kwh, Kvarh v cc gi tr max, min. Hin nay cc cng t ranh gii u l cng t ba biu gi. - Cc ng h v cng t ngoi mc ch l o m in nng ra, cn c tc dng gip cho nhn vin VH nhn bit c cc thng s VH hin ti, trnh khng c VH qu tr s nh mc ca thit b. Tt c cc thit b o m k trn u c cung cp tn hiu dng in t mch th cp ca TI tng ng vi xut tuyn cn o m, tn hiu ny c th ly t TI chn s MBA hoc TI ngoi MC v tn hiu p ly t mch p TU

thanh ci . ng h kim tra p u vo, ra kiu in t, hoc in ng. Loi ng h ny khng cn ngun nui ring. - Cng c th k thm ti cc cng t o m sn lng in t dng, cc loi ng h kim tra dng v p ca t dng. Cu 22: V s nguyn l ch cch ni mch in th cp 3 my bin dng in 110kV1000/5A ni vi 3 ampe k, thang o 0-5A o cng dng in dy trn 3 pha ng dy 110kV ? Nu ampe k pha B ch s o l 2A th cng dng in pha B ng dy 110kV l bao nhiu ? 1. S nguyn l:
A B C A A A

0 - 5A

1000/5A 2. Nu ampe k pha B ch s o l 2A th cng dng in pha B trn ng dy 110kV l 400A (t s bin ca bin dng l: 1000/5 = 200). Cu 23: Trong trm bin p, cc cun dy th cp ca cc my

bin dng in (cao p) c ni mch cung cp tn hiu dng in cho cc thit b no ti t bng iu khin? Cc cun dy dng in ca cc thit b k trn c mc song song hay mc ni tip trong mch th cp ca my bin dng ? - Cc cun dy th cp ca cc my bin dng in c ni mch cung cp tn hiu dng in cho: cc hp b o lng, ampemet, cng t o m in nng, cung cp tn hiu cho rle F90. - Cc cun dy dng in ca cc thit b ny c mc ni tip trong mch th cp ca my bin dng. Mc ch l khng chia dng in. - Lu l mch th cp ca TI phi c u ngn mch trong sut qu trnh lm vic. Cu 24: Trong trm bin p, cc cun dy th cp ca cc my bin in p c ni mch in cung cp tn hiu in p cho cc thit b no ti t bng iu khin? Cc cun dy dng in ca cc thit b k trn c mc song song hay mc ni tip trong mch th cp ca my bin in p? - Trong trm bin p cc cun dy th cp ca cc my bin in p (cao p) c ni vi: + Dng c o lng : vn mt, wot mt, cng t o m. + Rle bo v: F21, F27/59, F67, F81, F90. - Cc cun dng in ca cc thit b k trn c mc song song trong mch th cp ca cc my bin in p.

Cu 25: Ti sao mch in th cp ca my bin in p c mc ni tip cc ch bo v, cn mch th cp my bin dng th khng c ch, khng c thit b ng ngt (aptomat, cu dao) ? Ti sao hai loi mch in th cp ny phi c ni t ? + MBA: L thit b lm vic ch thng h mch, nu ngn mch hoc dng in ti ln s lm h hng TU. V th pha th cp ca TU phi c lp aptmat hoc cu ch bo v, khi c dng in ti ln hoc xy ra ngn mch th cp TU th Aptmat hoc cu ch s tc ng ct ra, bo v cho TU. + MBD: L thit b lm vic ch thng ngn mch, nu h mch th cp th s lm cho TI b hng hoc mch t s b nng ln do dng in t ha tng dn n hng cch in ca cun dy. V th pha th cp ca TI khng c lp cu ch hoc Aptmat trnh trng hp h mch th cp TI. Ni t an ton cho ngi v thit b. Trnh trng hp khi c hin tng phng in t s cp sang th cp, nu khng ni t th cp th s khng gy ra chm t 1 pha, bo v s khng tc ng ct MC. Dn n nguy him cho ngi v thit b. B. Bc 2/5: Cu 1: Trnh by yu cu v nguyn tc thc hin t ng ng ngun d phng (TD): - Phi t thit b TD khi ct ngun cung cp in lm mt in cc trang b in ca h tiu th hoc sa thi ph ti v khi c cc thit b ng ct ph hp. Cho php dng bt k bin php no thc

hin TD phc hi cung cp in. - Thng thng TD phi m bo lm vic khi mt in p do ngn mch hoc do bt k s c no phn t c ngun d phng. - TD ch c tc ng mt ln v nu khng i hi nhng thit b phc tp th TD phi kim tra c trng thi ct ca my ct phn t ang lm vic. - Khi bo v rle ca my bin p v ng dy ngn tc ng i ct my ct ca n pha ngun cung cp cng nh pha tiu th (v d i vi cc phn t t dng ca nh my in). TD phi khi ng theo b bo v km in p ring hoc theo cc b tip im ph ca my ct pha tiu th ( tng tc tc ng ca TD). Khi ct my ct pha ngun cung cp phi m bo ct ngay my ct pha tiu th bng mch lin ng v bng tc ng tip theo ca TD. Khi c phn t d phng v phn t c d phng u nhn cung cp t mt ngun in th khng yu cu TD phi khi ng theo bo v km in p. - Sau khi ng ngun cung cp d phng thay cho mt ngun cung cp c ct ra, s TD ca cc ngun cung cp in t dng trong nh my in phi c kh nng tc ng khi ct nhng ngun cung cp khc ang lm vic. - B phn khi ng ca bo v km in p kim tra in p trn thanh ci cc trang b in ca h tiu th phi m bo bo v khng lm vic sai khi chy mt trong nhng cu chy ca cun dy cao hoc h p ca my bin p. Khi ptmt bo v cun dy h p

ct ra th phi c mch lin ng kha s tc ng ca b phn khi ng. - Khi thc hin TD phi kim tra kh nng qu ti ngun cung cp d phng v kim tra s t khi ng ca cc ng c, nu c hin tng qu ti khng cho php v ng c khng th t khi ng c th phi sa thi ph ti khi TD tc ng. Ty theo ii kin thc t c th dng TD ca cc ngun cung cp ang lm vic thay th hoc ph thm cho TD. - mi my ct chu tc ng ca TD phi c b phn thng xuyn kim tra mch thao tc ng. - Khi b tr TD tc ng n my ct phn on hoc my ct ni (d phng bng ngun cung cp khc ang lm vic) phi c b phn tng tc bo v cho my ct trnh nhng trng hp ng my ct lc vn cn ngn mch. Cu 2: Trnh by yu cu v nguyn tc thc hin t ng ng lp li Z? a. Yu cu thc hin t ng ng lp li Z: - Tc ng nhanh: thi gian tc ng ca TL cn phi cng nh cng tt m bo thi gian ngng cung cp in l nh nht. cc Z c ngun cung cp t 2 pha th tc nh nhanh ca TL l cn thit rt ngn thi gian khi phc tnh trng lm vic bnh thng ca mng in. Tuy nhin thi gian TL b hn ch bi iu kin kh ion hon ton mi trng ti ch ngn mch nhm m bo t ng lp thnh cng.

- TL phi t ng tr v v tr ban u sau khi tc ng chun b cho ln lm vic sau. - S TL cn phi m bo s ln tc ng nh trc cho n v khng c tc ng lp i lp li. Ph bin nht l TD(L mt ln. - Khi ng hay ct MC bng tay th TL khng c tc ng. Khi ng MC bng tay nu n b ct ra ngay lp tc bi bo v rle, chng t ng MC vo ngn mch tn ti, lc ny chc chn vic ng lp s khng thnh cng. b. Nguyn tc thc hin t ng ng lp li Z: Cc iu kin cn thit c th a chc nng t ng li vo lm vic l: - Phi c r le F79 hoc chc nng F79 trong rle F21. - Kim tra MC ng ct tng pha hay 3 pha. - Thi gian ng li phi ph hp vi chu trnh ng m ca MC - i vi trng hp ng li 3 pha cn c TU ng dy kim tra ng b. Cu 3: Tnh tn tht cng sut trn ng dy truyn ti 3 pha ? 1. Tnh ton cho ng dy c 1 ph ti. Tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy dn in xoay chiu ba pha c xc nh theo cng thc: P = 3.I2.R = 3(Ia2 + Ir2)R Trong : - I: L dng in ton phn trn ng dy. - Ia, Ir: L dng in tc dng

v dng in phn khng trn ng dy - R: L in tr ca dy dn S thay th ca ng dy:

R X S' S" S = P - jQ

j j

Bit rng cng sut ca 3 pha (2) V: S2 = P2 + Q2 Vy: (3-1) Tn tht cng sut phn khng trn ng dy c xc nh theo: Q = 3I2.X Tng t ta cng c: (3-2) Tng qut: Ch : P, Q l ca 3 pha, U: in p dy. - V n v: nu P [MVA]; Q [MVAR]; S [MVA]; U [KV]; R [ ]; X [ ] th S [MVA]; P [MV]; Q [MVAR] . Khi tnh ton theo cng thc (3-1), (3-2), cng sut v in p phi ly ti cng mt im trn ng dy. Khi tnh ton mng in a phng v thit k s b mng

in khu vc vi mc chnh sc dng trong tnh ton k thut, tn tht cng sut c xc nh theo in o nh mc ca mng in. Khi tnh ton chnh xc s dng in p thc ti cc im tng ng ca mng in. i vi mng in a phng ta s b qua thnh phn Qc do dung dn ca ng dy sinh ra. 2. Tnh ton cho ng dy c t 2 ph ti tr ln.

1 2 A S1 S2 UA Sb=pb - jqb Sc=pc jqc UC Ub

b c

r
1

+
jx
1

r
2

+
jx
2

S"
2

S'
2

S"
1

S"
2

S
C

S
b

* Xt ng dy c 2 ph ti ti b v c (hnh trn) ta cn tnh ton ton b tn tht cng sut trn ng dy . - Tn tht cng sut trn on ng dy 2: v Vy: - Cng sut u on ng dy 2 l: - Cng sut u on ng dy 1 l: - Tn tht cng sut trn ng dy on 1: v Vy * Nu khng i hi mc chnh xc cao th ly Ub= Uc= Um * Trong mng a phng khi tnh ton c th coi: ; Lc :

Cu 4: Cch tnh tn tht cng sut trong MBA ?. 1/ Tn tht cng sut

trong MBA 2 dy qun. Tn tht trong MBA gm 2 phn: a/ Phn khng i: l tn tht trong li thp SFe. SFe gm 2 thnh phn: PFe = Pkti (tr s ny tra c bng). QFe : l tn tht gy t trong li thp v c tnh theo dng ikti%: QFe = ikti%.Sm / 100. b/ Phn bin i: l tn tht Scu trong cun dy ca MBA. Scu cng gm 2 thnh phn: Pcu v Qcu thay i theo ph ti. Khi ti nh mc, tn tht cng sut tc dng trong cc cun dy ca MBA ly bng tn tht cng sut tc dng lc th nghim ngn mch. PCum = PN. Tn tht cng sut phn khng trong cc cun dy ca MBA khi ti nh mc th ly bng cng sut tn t. QCum = ur%.Sm / 100 trong ur% l s phn trm in p ri trn cm khng ca cc cun dy ca MBA. i vi MBA ln c in tr rt b so vi cm khng th tn tht cng sut phn khng trong cc cun dy ca MBA khi ti nh mc c xc nh theo in p ngn mch uN%. vy QCum = uN%.Sm / 100 Nu MBA khng lm vic vi ph ti nh mc Sm, m ch lm vic vi ph ti l S th: PCu = PCum .(S/Sm)2 v P t l thun vi i2 hay l: PCu = (S/U)2. RB trong : Sm l cng sut nh mc ca MBA, RB l in tr

ca MBA. v QCu = QCum (S/Sm)2 hay l QCu = 2 (S/U) . XB c/ Tng tn tht cng sut tc dng trong MBA l: P = PCu + PFe 2/ Tn tht cng sut trong MBA 3 dy qun. Ging nh MBA 2 dy qun, tn tht cng sut trong MBA 3 dy qun cng gm c tn tht khng thay i SFe v tn tht thay i theo ph ti Scu. Vy tn tht st trong MBA l: PFe = Pkti QFe = ikti%.Sm / 100. V tn tht ng lc MBA mang ti nh mc: P
C u m

= P
N.

QCum = uN%.Sm / 100. Nu ph ti cun dy 2 v 3 khng phi l nh mc, m l S2 v S3 th tn tht ng trong 3 pha ca 3 cun dy ca MBA c tnh nh sau: PCu = PCu1 + PCu2 + PCu3. Trong PCu1, PCu2, PCu3 l tn tht ng trong tng cun 1, 2 v 3. PCu3 =

S32.rB3/U
2

P
C u2

= S
2 2

.r
B

/ U
2 2

PCu1 = ( S2 + S3 )2.rB1 U2 Nu tnh ton khng cn chnh xc th trong cng thc tnh PCu cho tng cun dy ca MBA 3 dy qun ta c th dng chung in p nh mc bn cun cao p, v rng in tr ca cc cun 1, 2, 3 ca MBA u c tnh i v bn cao p. Cn cng sut phn khng trong 3 cun dy ca MBA 3 dy qun cng c tnh tng t nh trn: QCu = QCu1 + QCu2 + QCu3. Trong : QCu3 = S32.xB3/ U2 Q
C u2

= S
2 2

x
B

/ U
2 2

QCu1 = ( S2 + S3 )2.xB1 U vy tng tn tht cng sut trong MBA 3 dy qun l: P = PCu + PFe Q = QCu + QFe 3/ Tn tht cng sut trong MBA t ngu. Cch tnh cng tng t nh MBA 2 dy qun v 3 dy qun, ngha l tnh tn tht trong my cng gm c tn tht st v tn tht ng. Ring phn tn tht ng th cch tnh c hi khc mt cht. Vi MBA t ngu nh sn xut cho ta tn tht ngn mch gia cc cun dy cao trung, cao - h, trung h: PC-T, PC-H, PT-H. Cn phi tnh tn tht ng nh mc ca tng cun dy cao, trung v h p. = 0.5(P(C-T) + P(C-H) - P(T-H)) = P(C-T) - PCu(Cm = P(C-H) - PCu(C) Ch rng nh my cho tn tht P(C-T) c tnh theo dung lng nh mc, cn tn tht PC-H v PT-H th theo dung lng tiu chun ca MBA t ngu, v vy trong biu thc (1) PC-H v PT-H l tn tht c tnh i theo cng sut nh mc ca MBA t ngu: PC-H = PC-H/u2 v PT-H = PT-H/u2 trong u = (UC UT)/UC vi UC, UT l in p bn cao p v trung p. Vy tn tht trong MBA t ngu l: P = PFe + PCu(C)(SC/Sm)2

+ PCu(T) (ST/Sm)2 + PCu(H) (SH/Sm)2 trong : SC, ST, SH l ph ti ca cun cao p, trung v h p. Sm l dung lng nh mc ca MBA t ngu. Cch tnh tn tht cng sut phn khng trong MBA t ngu cng tin hnh tng t nh trn. Cu 5: Phng php tnh tn tht in nng trn Z truyn ti v MBA ? Ti liu tham kho: Li in & h thng in ca Trn Bch. 1. Phng php tnh tn tht in nng trn Z truyn ti: Gi s ta xt ng dy c mt ph ti B (nh hnh v). A R o SB = pB jqB Tmax; cos Tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy l: P = . R 10-3 = ( )2 . 10-3 R {kW, kVA, , kV} Q = . X 10-3 = ( )2 . 10-3 X {kVAr, kVA, , kV} Trong : UB : in p ti nt ph ti B, c th ly UB = Um. SB : Ph ti in ti B. B

R : in tr tc dng ca ng dy. X : in khng ca ng dy. - Nu P, Q, S: Ly l MW, MVAR, MVA th khng nhn vi 10-3. v P, Q, U phi ly gi tr ti cng mt im trn ng dy. - Tn tht nm thng tnh theo TPT ko di nm ti = 1h A = ( ) = (P2max . Q2max . q)
p

Trong : + Um2 (tc l U2m): in p nh mc. + p: Thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht do cng sut tc dng gy ra. + q: Thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht do cng sut phn khng gy ra. - Thc t tnh ton thng gi thit th cng sut phn khng v cng sut tc dng gn ging nhau, c ngha cos ca ph ti khng i trong nm. Nh vy: p = p = v ta c CT sau:

A = P. = ( )2 . R. = .R.

- Trong , thi gian tn tht cng sut cc i ( ) nh gi thng k nh mt hm s ca thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht

Tmax ca ph ti do . c th xc nh theo kinh nghim hoc th lp t s liu thng k, c th: = (0.124 + Tmax . 10-4 )2 . 8760 (gi) = 0.3 + Tmax + ng thi c th tra theo th = f(Tmax) hoc tra theo bng. 2. Phng php tnh tn tht in nng trn MBA: - Tn tht in nng trong MBA gm hai phn: + Phn khng ph thuc vo ph ti xc nh theo thi gian lm vic ca MBA + Phn ph thuc vo ph ti xc nh theo th ph ti, nu cng sut MBA c th ph ti th dng Tmax tnh . - Tn tht in nng 1 nm tnh theo l: AB = P0.Tb + Pmax . = P0.Tb + PN . Trong : + Tb l thi gian vn hnh nm ca MBA v (8500>8760)h. + Smax ph ti cc i nm ca MBA. + Sm : Cng sut nh mc ca MBA. - P0: Tn tht cng sut tc dng khng ti, tra trong bng l lch ca MBA. - PN: T tht cng sut ngn mch. - Nu c n MBA nh nhau lm vic song song th tn tht in nng trong n my l:

AB = n P0.Tb + PN .

- Khi cc my trong trm c dung lng khc nhau: Khi vn hnh song song cc my bin p c dung lng khc nhau th ph ti phn b t l vi cng sut nh mc: S 1=S. S 2=S. S1 v S2 L ph ti m my bin p B1, B2 m nhn. Sdm1, Sdm2 L dung lng nh mc ca my bin p B1, B2. Tn tht in nng trong trm bin p c tnh bng tng tn tht in nng ca tng my: A = AB1 + AB2 + ..+ = A Cu 6: Nhim v v yu cu i vi h thng RLBV? a. Nhim v ca BVRL: Nhim v chnh ca BVRL l t opngj ct cc phn t h hng ra khi h thng in nhm ngn nga s pht trin s c lan trn v m bo s lm vic lin tc ca cc phn t khng h hng trong h thng in v loi tr nhng tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng c kh nng gy nguy him cho thit b v h tiu th. Ngoi ra thit b BVRL cn ghi nhn v pht hin nhng tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng ca cc phn t trong h thng in, tu mc m BVRL c th

tc ng i bo tn hiu hoc i ct my ct. b.Yu cu c bn ca h thng BVRL : Cc thit b BVRL tc ng i ct MC cn phi c 4 yu cu k thut c bn sau: + Tnh chn lc + Tc ng nhanh + nhy + Tnh tin cy I. Tnh chn lc: l tc ng ca bo v m bo ch ct phn t b h hng ra khi h thng in. II. Tc ng nhanh: Cng ct nhanh phn t ngn mch s cng hn ch c mc ph hoi phn t , cng gim c thi gian tt in p cc h tiu th v c kh nng gi c n nh ca h thng in. III. nhy: BVRL cn phi c nhy i vi nhng h hng v tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng c th xut hin nhng phn t c bo v trong h thng in. IV. Tnh m bo: BV phi lun sn sng khi ng v tc ng mt cch chc chntong tt c cc trng hp ngn mch trong vng bo v v cc tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng nh trc. Cu 7: Ho in l g ? Cc iu kin ha in, tc hi ca ha in khng ng b? - Ho in l ghp song song cc my pht in vo lm vic chung trong cng mt h thng. - Cc iu kin ha in (ho ng b chnh xc): + in p ca my pht phi bng in p ca li in (UF = UL).

+ Tn s ca my pht phi bng in p ca li in (fF = fL). + Th t pha ca my pht phi ging th t pha ca li in. + in p ca my pht v ca li phi trng pha. Th t pha ca my pht in thng ch cn mt ln sau khi lp my v ha ng b vo li in ln u tin. - Tc hi ca ha in khng ng b ha ng b khng chnh xc: vic thao tc ng cu dao ni MF cha c kch thch vo li in c in p UL tng ng vi trng hp ngn mch t nhin ca li in. Ngoi tng tr bn thn ca MF cn c cc tng tr ca cc phn t khc ca li in (MBA, Z) nn dng in xung chy trong MF khng vt qu 3 hoc 4 ln dng in nh mc. Hn na dy qun kch thch c ni qua in tr trit t nn dng in xung qu gim rt nhanh. Phng php t ng b c php s dng trong trng hp Ixg < 3,5Im. Cu 8: H thng lm mt MBA c cng dng g? Phn loi cc h thng lm mt MBA. Cho v d v cng sut ca mt MBA ph thuc vo cc ch lm mt ca my ? 1. Cng dng ca h thng lm mt: H thng lm mt MBA c cng dng l to iu kin cho MBA c th mang y dung lng trong mi trng hp m nhit ca my khng vt qu tr s cho php nhm m bo tui th s dng cn thit ca my . Tham gia lm mt my bin p, trc tin phi k n du bin

p. Du hp th nhit lng pht ra t cun dy v li thp, nh vo hin tng tun hon i lu nhit, chuyn nhit lng ra v my v b lm mt, t tn ra khng kh, c nhit thp hn. 2. Phn loi: Tu theo dung lng ln, nh ca MBA m MBA c th c lm mt bng cc cch sau: a. Lm mt t nhin bng khng kh, i vi my bin p kh. b. Lm mt bng du, i vi MBA ngm du, loi lm mt bng du li c th lm mt bng my dng sau: - Lm mt t nhin bng du: Loi ny du truyn nhit ra khng kh qua v my v b tn nhit. tng hiu qu tn nhit, cn tng b mt tip xc vi khng kh bng cch v thng c hnh ln sng hoc gn vi cc ng tn nhit, hoc cc b ng tn nhit, hoc b cnh tn nhit. Nu my lm vic bnh thng th khi my bin p vn hnh, phn trn ca chng nng hn phn di. - Lm mt t nhin bng du kt hp vi qut gi thi khng kh ngoi v my v b lm mt tng hiu qu lm mt. Cc qut gi phi c t ng a vo vn hnh hoc t ng ct ra tu theo mc ph ti v nhit lp du trn theo yu cu ca nh ch to hay theo Quy trnh vn hnh ca n v vn hnh. - Lm mt kiu cng bc tun hon du qua h thng ng nc lm mt: i vi loi ny tuy khng cho php ng in my bin p k c ng in khng ti, nu h

thng lm mt khng hot ng. V ngay khi my bin p khng ti, nu h thng lm mt khng hot ng, nhit ca my bin p vt qu tr s cho php. 3. V d v cng sut ca MBA ph thuc vo ch lm mt: + i vi MBA 16MVA- 115/38,5/24kV- VINA TAKAOKA: (hin ang vn hnh ti trm E54) Cun Cao Trung H dy p p p Cng sut (MVA ) khi khng 13 13 13 c qut gi (ONA N) Cng sut (MVA ) khi 16 16 16 c qut gi (ONA F) + i vi MBA 25MVA- 115/38,5/24kVTH C: (hin ang vn hnh ti trm E49) Cun dy Cng sut (MVA ) khi Cao Trung H p p p 20 20 20

khng c qut gi (ONA N) Cng sut (MVA ) khi c qut gi (ONA F)

25

25

25

Cu 9: Cng dng phn loi v u nhc im ca cc loi iu chnh in p ca MBA? Cng dng : Duy tr in p n nh theo yu cu ph ti. C hai loi iu chnh in p ca MBA: iu chnh in p lc khng ti v iu chnh in p lc c ti (iu p di ti). iu chnh in p lc khng ti: u im: - Thit b n gin, r tin. - Khng lm bn du khi iu iu chnh nc phn p. Nhc im: - Khi iu chnh phi ct in my bin p, gy mt in trong thi gian iu chnh nc phn p. phm vi iu chnh in p khng rng. B iu chnh in p c ti (iu p di ti): u im: - Lc chuyn i u phn p khng cn ct in MBA. - C th gi n nh in p, p ng nhu cu v thay i in p ca ph ti. - Phm vi iu chnh in p rng.

Nhc im: - Chi ph ch to tn km, phi thng xuyn theo di v bo dng. - D lm bn du ca MBA. Cu 10: Nhit du ca MBA c o bng cch no v o ti v tr lp du no ca MBA? Nhit cun dy ca MBA c o bng cch no? - Cch o nhit du MBA + o nhit du, dng mt bu nhit biu t trong thng MBA v c t ti v tr m nhit du l nng nht. Khi nhit du thay i s lm thay i p lc trong bu nhit biu lm quay kim ch th tng ng. + Nhit du MBA c o ti lp du trn cng ca MBA. - Cch o Nhit cun dy ca MBA: Dng mt cm bin nhit ni vi mt bin dng qua in tr phi hp, dng in qua bin dng tng ng vi dng in ti MBA. Do n phn nh c trng thi nhit ca cun dy. Cu 11: Gii thch nguyn l lm vic ca b lc du tun hon ca b i nc c ti ca MBA ? Trong qu trnh iu p di ti ti v tr cc tip im chuyn i c pht sinh h quang, h quang ny lm cho du phn no b t chy v dn ti gim thi gian vn hnh. B lc du tun hon cho thng du b iu p c mc ch l lc tp cht c hc trong du b iu p di ti. Cu to b lc du gm my bm du, hp lc, h thng van v ng dn du. Du trong bnh du b

OLTC c ht theo ng ng qua hp lc v tr v b OLTC theo mt ng ng khc. Hp lc, tu mc ch, yu cu m s dng giy lc (lm sch du) hay s dng mn lc phi hp (lm sch, kh nc). Ngoi ra b lc cn c ng h p lc v tip im p lc ngn nga trng hp p lc trong b lc vt qu mc quy nh gy h hi cho ng c bm du hoc chnh bn thn b lc. Cu 12: Trong trm bin p, cc loi mch in kiu kn sau y c nhim v g? - Mch iu khin MC in dng iu khin ng ct MC bng in t xa hay bng in ti ch khi tho mn cc lin ng ca MC. - Mch iu khin DCL dng thao tc tc ng ct DCL bng in t xa hay bng in ti ch khi tho mn cc iu kin lin ng ca n. - Nhim v ca mch iu khin qut mt l nhm m bo 3 nhm qut mt lm vic 1 cch chc chn v an ton. Khi nhit ca du v cun dy 110-35-22 tng cao n s khp tip im i khi ng qut lm mt MBA ( khi du tun hon lu thng qua ). - Nhim v ca mch iu khin b truyn ng i nc c ti ca MBA l m bo an ton trong qu trnh chuyn i nc phn p bng in t xa hay bng in ti ch . - Nhim v ca mch in th Cp ca my bin dng in l dng ly tn hiu dng in tiu chun(1 hoc 5A) cung Cp cho thit b bo v rle v cho o lng.

- Nhim v ca mch in th Cp ca my bin in p l dng ly tn hiu in p tiu chun cung cp cho bo v r le v o lng v cch ly thit b vi in p cao. - Nhim v ca mch bo tn hiu s c dng bo tn hiu s c mt cch chnh xc khi bo v rle tc ng hoc tn hiu khc khi c s c nhm gip cho nhn vin vn hnh pht hin kp thi v x l s c trong thi gian ngn nht. - Mch in tc ng ca r le bo v c nhim v tc ng khi c ngn mch hoc tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng xy ra trong h thng in. Trong nhng mch trn c nhng mch dng ngun mt chiu l: + Mch iu khin MC ct in. + Mch iu khin DCL + Mch bo tn hiu s c + Mch in tc ng ca rle bo v . Nhng mch dng ngun xoay chiu: + Mch iu khin qut mt. + Mch iu khin OLTC + Mch th Cp ca MBD + Mch th Cp ca MBA.
Showing 4 items Owne Description r

Due Date

Complet e

Sort

Sort

Sort

Sort

Define John Project Mary Define Budget

Novemb er 5, 2009 Decembe r 16, 2009 Decembe r 16, 2009 October 29, 2009

Hold Brainstormi Mark ng Session With Team Survey Julie Customers Showing 4 items

ng nhp Hot ng Gn y ca Trang web iu khon Bo co Lm dng In trang c h tr bi Google Sites Cho mng bn n vi DIN N K THUT IN.

ng k Login:

Ghi nh?

Din n o Bi gi hm nay o Hi p o Lch o Chn nhanh o Lin kt nhanh C g mi? Up nh ng k

Din n CHUYN NGNH H THNG IN NH MY IN V TRM BIN P Cc k hiu trong bn v thit k nh my nhit in (ABBRIVIATIONS)

1. Cho mng bn n vi din n. s dng tt chc nng ca din n, trc tin mi bn hy ng nhp. Nu bn cha c ti khon ng nhp, bn hy vui lng Bm vo y ng k. + Tr li bi vit + To ch mi Hin kt qu t 1 ti 9 ca 9

Ch : Cc k hiu trong bn v thit k nh my nhit in (ABBRIVIATIONS)

Cng c bi vit Hin th

1. 03-08-2011 12:32 PM #1 HSE

Sng lp DKT

Thnh Vin Th:

3 Tn Tht: liwensheng Gii Tnh: hot boy Ngh nghip: HSE S thch: nghe nhc, c bo , online, chi diu Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Bnh Dng Bi gi 332 Cm n 99 c cm n 217 ln trong 113 bi Cp : 17 [ ]
Hot ng: 80 / 400

im: 110 / 663

Kinh nghim: 2%

Cc k hiu trong bn v thit k nh my nhit in (ABBRIVIATIONS)

ABBRIVIATIONS DESCRIPTION A/M Automatic/Manual AAAC All Aluminum Alloy Conductor AAC All Aluminum Conductor ACAR Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced ACB Air Circuit Breaker ACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced AFC Approved For Construction

AFD Approved For Design AHU Air Handling Unit ANSI American National Standards Institute APFR Automatic Power Factor Regulator AR Auto Reclose (Relay) ASAP As Soon As Possible ATS Automatic Transfer Switch AUX Auxiliary AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator AWA Aluminum Wire Armoured (Cable) AWG American Wire Gauge BB Bus Bar (Protection) BCT Bushing Current Transformer BFP Boiler Feed-water Pump BHP Brake Horse Power BIL Basic Impulse Level BKR Breaker B/L Bill of Lading BM(BOM) Bill of Material BOO Build Own Operate BOP Balance Of Plant BOT Build Own Transfer BS British Standards (institute) BSDG Black Start Diesel Generator C&F Cost & Freight CAR Construction All Risk (Insurance) CBF Circuit Breaker Fail (Protection) CBM CuBic Meter (M) CCPD Coupling Capacitor Potential Device CCPP Combined Cycle Power Plant CCW Counter Clock Wise CED Chiep Executive Director CEO Chiep Executive Officer CFO Chiep Financial Officer CFR Cost,and Freight CHU Chiller Handling Unit C/I Commercial Invoice CIF Cost Insurance and Freight CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To CLR Current Limiting Reactor CM Construction Management C/O Certificate of Origin COS Cut Out Switch CPT Carriage Paid To CS Control Switch CT Current Transformer CTT Current Transformer Test Terminal CUB Cubicle CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer CU Copper conductor

CW Clock Wise C/W Certificate of Weight CWP Cooling Water Pump (Circulating Water Pump) DAF Delivered At Frontier D/G Diesel Generator DCS Distributed Control System DEF Delivered Ex Ship DIFB Biased Differential (Relay) DIFF. Differenfial (Relay) DO Diesel Oil DOL Direct On Line (Motor starting) DS Disconnecting Switch DTR Digital Transient Recorder EF Earth Fault (Relay) EFF. Efficiency E/L Export License ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker ELR Earth Leakage Relay EM Engineering Manager / Earth Mast EMS Energy Management System EOCR Electronic Over Current Relay EPC Engineering Procurenment Construction ES Earthing Switch ESD Emergency Shut Down ETA Estimated Time of Arrival ETD Estimated Time of Departure EX Excitor EXW Ex Works FAS Free Alongside Ship FAT Factory (or Field or Final) Acceptance Test FCA Free Carrier FD Forced Draft ID(Induced Draft) FDR Feeder FL Fluorescent Light (Lamp) FOB Free On Board FOR Forced Outage Rate / Free On Rail FRLS Flame Retardent(or Fire Resistant) Low Smoked FSA Fuel Supply Agreement FSD Fire Shut Down GCB Gas Circuit Breaker GEN Generator GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GPT Grounding Potential Transformer GT(G) Gas Turbine (Generator) GTY Gantry HFO Heavy Fuel Oil HPS High Pressure Sodium HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator

HVAC Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning I/C Inspection Certiviate ICT Interposing CT ID Induced Draft FD(Induced Draft) IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IFA Issued For Approval IFC Issued For Construction IFD Issued For Design IOM Inter Office Memorandum I/P Inusrance Policy IPB Isolated Phase Busduct IPP Independant Power Producer ISF Instrument Safety Factor ITB Invitation To Bid ITP Inspection (and) Test Plan JB(J/B) Junction Box JCS The Japanese Cable Manufacturer's Association Standard JEC Standard of the Japanese Electrotechnical Committee JEM The Standard of Japan Electrical Manufacturer's Association JIS Japanese Industrial Standards L.O. Lube Oil L/C Letter of Credit L/I Letter of Intent LA Linghtning Arrester LC Load Center LCD Liquid Crystal Display LCP Local Control Panel LCS Local Control Station LE / LE Lead Engineer / Loss of Excitation (Relay) LED Light Emitting Diode LFO Light Fuel Oil LOR Lock Out Relay LRC Load Ratio Controller LT Line Trap LTG Lighting M/H Man Hour M/M Man Month MC Magnetic Contactor MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker MCC Motor Control Center MCCB/M.O. Molded Case Circuit Breaker(Magnetic Only) MDF Main Distribution Frame MF Maintenance Free / Multiplying Factor MK Marshalling Kiosk MMI Man-Machine Interface MOF Metering Outfit MOM Minutes Of Meeting MOU Memorandom Of Understanding

MOV Motor Operating Valve MPR Motor Projection Relay / Monthly Progress Report MTBF Mean Time Between Failure MTO Material Take Off MVR Manual Voltage Regulator NEC National Electrical Code NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer's Association NGR(NER) Neutral Grounding Resister(Neutral Earthing Resister) NGT(NGTR) Neutral Grounding Transformer NLTC No Load Tap Changer NPS Negative Phase Sequence (Relay) NSPB Non Segregate Phase Busduct NVD Neutral Voltage Displacement O&M Operation & Maintenance OCB / MOCB Oil Circuit Breaker / Minmum Oil Circuit Breaker OCR Over Current Relay OJT On the Job Training OLTC On Load Tap Changer ONAN/ONAF Oil Nature Air Nature / Oil Nature Air Forced OV Over Voltage (Relay) P&ID Piping and Instrument Diagram P.U Pressurization Unit / Per Unit P/O Purchase Order PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchanger PB Push Button PC Procurement Coordinator PCB Poly Chlorinated Bi-phenyl / Printed Circuit Board PCS Pieces PD Project Director PE Project Engineer PFD Process Flow Diagram PI Post Insulator PJT Project P/L Packing List PLC Programmable Logic Controller PLCC Power Line Carrier Communication PM Project Manager PMT Project Management Team PN Plant North PNL Panel PPA Power Purchase Agreement PQ Pre-Qualification PS Purchase Specification PSS Power System Stabilizer PT Potential Transformer PTT Potential Transformer Test Terminal PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride R/L Remote/Local RCP Remote Control Panel REF Restriced Earth Fault (Relay)

RFQ(RFP) Request For Quotation (Proposal) RIV Radio Inflenced Voltage RM. Ringgit Malaysia Rp. Rupiah RP Reverse Power (Relay) RPM Revolution Per Minute Rs. Rupees RTD Resistance Temperature Detector RTU Remote Terminal Unit RY Relay S.C Static Condenser S.R Series Reactor S/S Substation SA Surge Arrester SBEF StandBy Earth Fault (Relay) SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier / Short Circuit Ratio SCS Substation Control System SER Sequence Event Recorder SIL Surge Impedance Loading SLD Single Line Diagram SLS Synchronizing Switch SPB Segregated Phase Busduct SPST Single Pole Single Throw SS Selector Switch or Syncro Switch SSTD Solid State Trip Device ST(G) Steam Turbine (Generator) STP Sewage Treatment Plant SW Switch SWA (Galavinized) Steel Wire Armoured (Cable) SWGR SWITCHGEAR SWYD SWITCHYARD SYN Synchronizing T/L Transmission Line TB Terminal Board TBE, TBA Technical Bid Evaluation (Analysis) TBN Turbine TCS Trip Circuit Supervision (Relay) TCU Tele Counting Unit TE Electrical reset Trip (Relay) TEFC Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled TEWAC Totally Enclosed Water (to) Air Cooled TLP Transformer Local Panel TPN Triple Pole Neutral TR Transformer TRV Transient Recovery Voltage UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply UV Under Voltage (Relay) VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker VCS Vacuum Combination Starter

VRO Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (Relay) VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal VT Voltage Transformer WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler XLPE Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (Insulation) Y2K Year 2000 (millenium bug) ZCT Zero-phase Current Transformer
Xem thm cc bi vit khc cng chuyn mc

o o o o o o o o o o

T hp b [ tho lun ] h thng trong nh my thy in Quy tc t tn thit b ca trm trn s Thit K Trm Bin p ngoi Tri Tiu chun du my bin p Video clip m phng i tu trong nh my nhit in tuabin kh chu... s c may bin ap Gii php kt ni trong vn hnh vi cc nh my thy in Vn hnh p ca thy in Gii thiu s b v h thng iu tc Tua bin kh.

Lt xem : 977

Bi tr li : 8

Tr li vi trch dn

HSE c cm n bi
beconhocdien, thuong093 2. 04-12-2011 10:19 AM #2 beconhocdien

Thnh Vin Th: 266 Tham gia ngy Apr 2011 Bi gi 1 Cm n 3 c cm n 0 ln trong 0 bi Cp : 1 [ ]
Hot ng: 0 / 0

im: 0 / 0

Kinh nghim: 0%

ton ting anh, c anh ch no c ting vit khng h.

Tr li vi trch dn 3. 04-12-2011 10:47 AM #3 HOANG-AP.POWER

Qun l khu vc

Thnh Vin Th: 15 Ngh nghip: in l Ngh tay tri Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Nghi Xun-H Tnh Bi gi 610 Cm n 383 c cm n 455 ln trong 238 bi Cp : 22 [
Hot ng: 162 / 540

im: 203 / 890

Kinh nghim: 60%

mnh dch th nh!Nhng gi ang bn qu. Bn ch nh!

Tr li vi trch dn 4. 04-13-2011 09:30 AM #4 HOANG-AP.POWER

Qun l khu vc

Thnh Vin Th: 15 Ngh nghip: in l Ngh tay tri Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Nghi Xun-H Tnh Bi gi 610 Cm n 383 c cm n 455 ln trong 238 bi Cp : 22 [
Hot ng: 162 / 540

im: 203 / 890

Kinh nghim: 60%

Mnh tm dch 1 s k hiu sau: A/M Automatic/Manual: T ng/ bng tay (iu khin) AAAC All Aluminum Alloy Conductor: Dy dn hon ton hp kim nhm AAC All Aluminum Conductor: Dy dn hon ton nhm ACAR Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced: Dy nhm c gia c hp kim ACB Air Circuit Breaker: my ct khng kh ACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced: Dy nhm c gia c thp AFC Approved For Construction: duyt xy dng AFD Approved For Design: duyt thit k AHU Air Handling Unit: B x l kh ANSI American National Standards Institute: Vin tiu chun M (Tiu chun ANSI) APFR Automatic Power Factor Regulator: T ng iu chnh h s cng sut AR Auto Reclose (Relay): Relay t ng ng lp li ASAP As Soon As Possible: Ngay lp tc (tc th) ATS Automatic Transfer Switch: Cng tc chuyn i t ng AUX Auxiliary: H thng ph tr (t dng) AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator: B T ng iu chnh in p (b AVR) AWA Aluminum Wire Armoured (Cable): Cp nhm li thp C thi gian s dch tip! Tr li vi trch dn

HOANG-AP.POWER c cm n bi
Nhc Con Hc in, thuong093 5. 04-13-2011 04:04 PM #5 HOANG-AP.POWER

Qun l khu vc

Thnh Vin Th: 15 Ngh nghip: in l Ngh tay tri Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Nghi Xun-H Tnh Bi gi 610 Cm n 383 c cm n 455 ln trong 238 bi Cp : 22 [
Hot ng: 162 / 540

im: 203 / 890

Kinh nghim: 60%

Cc thut ng chuyn ngnh in (Tip)

AWG American Wire Gauge: Dy dn chun kiu M BB Bus Bar (Protection): (Bo v) thanh ci. BCT Bushing Current Transformer: CT kiu s xuyn. BFP Boiler Feed-water Pump: Bm nc cp -l hi BHP Brake Horse Power: B phn chng cng sut ngc. BIL Basic Impulse Level: Xung s cp, c bn. BKR Breaker: My ct B/L Bill of Lading: Giy yu cu phng tin vn chuyn. BM(BOM) Bill of Material: Giy yu cu vt t. BOO Build Own Operate: Xy dng vn hnh. BOP Balance Of Plant: H thng cc hng mc ph tr nh my. BOT Build Own Transfer: Xy dng v chuyn giao BOT BS British Standards (institute): tiu chun Anh. BSDG Black Start Diesel Generator: Khi ng en t my pht Diesel. C&F Cost & Freight: Khu hao,chi ph v chi ph vn chuyn. CAR Construction All Risk (Insurance): Bo him tt c cc tai nn trong xy dng. CBF Circuit Breaker Fail (Protection): [B]Chc nng gim st li my ct. CBM CuBic Meter (M): Mt khi[/B] CCPP Combined Cycle Power Plant: Nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp. CCW Counter Clock Wise: B m ngc. CHU Chiller Handling Unit: Khi x l lm mt. Last edited by HOANG-AP.POWER; 04-13-2011 at 04:21 PM. Tr li vi trch dn

HOANG-AP.POWER c cm n bi
Electrical, Jupiter, Nhc Con Hc in, thuong093 6. 04-14-2011 10:33 PM #6 HSE

Sng lp DKT

Thnh Vin Th: 3 Tn Tht: liwensheng Gii Tnh: hot boy Ngh nghip: HSE S thch: nghe nhc, c bo , online, chi diu Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Bnh Dng Bi gi 332 Cm n 99 c cm n 217 ln trong 113 bi Cp : 17 [ ]
Hot ng: 80 / 400

im: 110 / 663

Kinh nghim: 2%

TRV Transient Recovery Voltage Nhanh chng phc hi in p UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply B ngun cp in UV Under Voltage (Relay) in p thp VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker Ngn mch chn khng

VCS Vacuum Combination Starter Khi ng kt hp chn khng VRO Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (Relay) in p hn ch qu dng VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal khe h rt b cui VT Voltage Transformer in p my bin p WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler X l thu hi nhit thi l hi XLPE Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (Insulation) Ni tip qua nhiu e ti len (Cch nhit ) Y2K Year 2000 (millenium bug) 2000 nm ( thi thin nin k) ZCT Zero-phase Current Transformer 0 - dng bin p pha

Tr li vi trch dn

HSE c cm n bi:
thuong093 7. 04-15-2011 09:42 AM #7 HOANG-AP.POWER

Qun l khu vc

Thnh Vin Th: 15

Ngh nghip: in l Ngh tay tri Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Nghi Xun-H Tnh Bi gi 610 Cm n 383 c cm n 455 ln trong 238 bi Cp : 22 [
Hot ng: 162 / 540

im: 203 / 890

Kinh nghim: 60%

Nguyn vn bi HSE TRV Transient Recovery Voltage Nhanh chng phc hi in p UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply B ngun cp in UV Under Voltage (Relay) in p thp VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker Ngn mch chn khng VCS Vacuum Combination Starter Khi ng kt hp chn khng VRO Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (Relay) in p hn ch qu dng VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal khe h rt b cui VT Voltage Transformer in p my bin p WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler X l thu hi nhit thi l hi XLPE Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (Insulation) Ni tip qua nhiu e ti len (Cch nhit ) Y2K Year 2000 (millenium bug) 2000 nm ( thi thin nin k) ZCT Zero-phase Current Transformer 0 - dng bin p pha Bc dch ging anh g dch qu! Xin php Em dch li cho bc nh:

TRV Transient Recovery Voltage: Qu in p phc hi trong my ct. UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply: B ngun lu in (DC). UV Under Voltage (Relay): R le in p thp (27). VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker: My ct chn khng. VCS Vacuum Combination Starter: B phn khi ng phi hp chn khng (trong my ct). VRO Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (Relay): Bo v qu dng c km ch in p (51V) (pha c tuyn thi gian ph thuc c s dng in p kim sot). VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal: Trm v tinh c gc m cc tiu. VT Voltage Transformer: My bin in p (VT hoc TU). WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler: B thu hi nhit thi l hi (t di y l hi) XLPE Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (Insulation): Cch in loi XLPE (lin kt polyethylene ngang). Y2K Year 2000 (millenium bug): S c Y2K nm 2000. ZCT Zero-phase Current Transformer: My bin dng th t khng. Last edited by HOANG-AP.POWER; 04-15-2011 at 02:07 PM. Tr li vi trch dn

HOANG-AP.POWER c cm n bi
Jupiter, Nhc Con Hc in, thuong093 8. 04-16-2011 10:17 AM #8 quocthai

Chuyn gia tn cui

Thnh Vin Th: 37

Tn Tht: Cui gi Gii Tnh: Nam Ngh nghip: Chm gi S thch: Tn cui Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Mt trng Bi gi 135 Cm n 43 c cm n 174 ln trong 83 bi Cp : 10 [
Hot ng: 24 / 241

im: 45 / 394

Kinh nghim: 66%

CCW Counter Clock Wise: B m ngc. Khng ng. CCW l ngc chiu kim ng h. WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler: B thu hi nhit thi l hi (t di y l hi): Khng chnh xc. y l l thu hi nhit trong nh my in chu trnh hn hp. N ly nhit t kh thi ca Tua-bin kh.

Tr li vi trch dn

quocthai c cm n bi
Jupiter, thuong093 9. 04-16-2011 10:27 AM #9 HOANG-AP.POWER

Qun l khu vc

Thnh Vin Th: 15 Ngh nghip: in l Ngh tay tri Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Nghi Xun-H Tnh Bi gi 610 Cm n 383 c cm n 455 ln trong 238 bi Cp : 22 [
Hot ng: 162 / 540

im: 203 / 890

Kinh nghim: 60%

Nguyn vn bi quocthai CCW Counter Clock Wise: B m ngc. Khng ng. CCW l ngc chiu kim ng h. WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler: B thu hi nhit thi l hi (t di y l hi): Khng chnh xc. y l l thu hi nhit trong nh my in chu trnh hn hp. N ly nhit t kh thi ca Tua-bin kh. CCW Counter Clock Wise: em cng nh dch l: ngc chiu kim ng h nhng thy ti ngha qu nn dch nh trn. HRSG: Heat Recovery Steam Generator: Ci ny bn em thng dch l: L thu hi nhit ca nh my nhit in chu trnh hn hp. Tr li vi trch dn

HOANG-AP.POWER c cm n bi
Jupiter, thuong093

+ Tr li bi vit + To ch mi Truy cp nhanh NH MY IN V TRM BIN P Ln trn Ch trc | Ch tip theo Ch tng t
[ tho lun ] h thng trong nh my thy in

Bi HSE trong chuyn mc NH MY IN V TRM BIN P Tr li: 2 Bi vit cui: 03-24-2011, 03:19 PM
[ tho lun ] Cc dng s c thng trong nh my thy in ?

Bi HSE trong chuyn mc VN HNH H THNG

Tr li: 3 Bi vit cui: 03-23-2011, 09:50 PM

Gii php kt ni trong vn hnh vi cc nh my thy in

Bi HSE trong chuyn mc NH MY IN V TRM BIN P Tr li: 1 Bi vit cui: 03-23-2011, 07:44 PM
Phn tch yu cu thit k h SCADA cho Nh my in

Bi HSE trong chuyn mc SCADA - HMI Tr li: 0 Bi vit cui: 03-06-2011, 03:35 PM
[Ti liu] Bo v cc phn t chnh trong h thng in.

Bi NeverGiveUp trong chuyn mc TI LIU V H THNG IN CUNG CP IN Tr li: 0 Bi vit cui: 03-03-2011, 04:32 PM Thng tin thm C 2 ngi ang xem ch ny. (0 thnh vin v 2 khch)

nh du

Digg del.icio.us Google Facebook Twitter Yahoo

Quyn vit bi

Bn khng th gi ch mi Bn khng th gi tr li Bn khng th gi file nh km Bn khng th sa bi vit ca mnh

BB code ang M Mt ci ang M [IMG] ang M HTML ang Tt

Ni quy din n Mi gi GMT +7. Hin ti l 5:28:09 PM. Powered by vBulletin Version 4.1.4 Copyright 2011 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. Nhm pht trin website v thnh vin DIN N K THUT IN

Lin h DIN N K THUT IN Lu Tr Ln trn

Mudim v0.8

Tt

VNI Telex Viqr Tng hp T ng B du kiu mi [ Bt/Tt (F9) n/Hin (F8) ]

Chnh t

Xem thm: http://diendankythuatdien.com/4rum/showthread.php?153-Cc-k-hiutrong-bn-v-thit-k-nh-my-nhit-in-(ABBRIVIATIONS)#ixzz1YxVc8gwp

Hn ch dng ngn mch trong h thng in

M u - S c trong h thng in khng th trnh c, dng s c t ngun ti v tr s c c th: Hu qu ngn mch ca li in (c bit l li in Truyn Ti t 220kV tr ln) theo l thuyt tnh ton c l c th gy ra : - Pht nng: dng ngn mch rt ln so vi dng nh mc lm cho cc phn t c dng ngn mch i qua nng qu mc cho php d vi mt thi gian rt ngn. - Tng lc in ng: ng lc in t gia cc dy dn c gi tr ln thi gian u ca ngn mch c th ph hng thit b. - in p gim v mt i xng: lm nh hng n ph ti, in p gim 30 n 40% trong vng mt giy lm ng c in c th ngng quay, sn xut nh tr, c th lm hng sn phm. - Gy nhiu i vi ng dy thng tin gn do dng th t khng sinh ra khi ngn mch chm t. - Gy mt n nh: khi khng cch ly kp thi phn t b ngn mch, h thng c th mt n nh v tan r, y l hu qu trm trng nht. + Lm hng hc cc thit b nh my bin p, thit b ng ct, cp ngm, ng dy trn khng... +Bo v tc ng khi xy ra s c dn n ngng cung cp in cho ph ti. - Dng s c trong h thng in c xu hng tng do: + Nhiu ngun in mi a vo vn hnh. + Lin kt li in tng. - Dng s c c th vt qu kh nng chu ng ca cc thit b. V vy, vn Hn ch dng ngn mch trong h thng in ngy cng tr nn quan

trng. C nhiu bin php gim dng s c nh: 1. Nng cp cc thit b ng ct hin ti v cc thit b khc. 2. Nng ln cp in p cao hn. 3. Thay i cu trc li in nh tch li, tch thanh ci 4. p dng cc bin php nh ct lin ng 5. S dng thit b hn ch dng ngn mch FCL (Fault Current Limitters). Cc bin php (1) v (2) lm tng chi ph u t, (3) v (4) lm gim tin cy cung cp in. V vy cn xem xt p dng bin php (5) l s dng thit b hn ch dng ngn mch FCL. Li ch khi s dng FCL: - Cc thit b vn vn hnh k c khi dng s c vt qu dng chu ng ngn hn ca thit b, dng ct ngn mch ca my ct >> Nng cao tin cy cung cp in. - Khng hoc cha cn nng cp cc thit b ng ct hin ti v cc thit b khc >> Gim chi ph u t. - S dng thit b c kh nng chu ng dng s c thp hn cho cc cng trnh mi >> Gim chi ph u t. - Ci thin cht lng in nng: Gim mo, st in p, gim sng hi, qu in p tm thi (v d do u ni IPP). Cc bin php hn ch dng ngn mch tch cc v tiu cc - Tiu cc: Tng tng tr c trong ch bnh thng v s c (V d: Khng hn ch dng ngn mch) - Tch cc: Tng tr rt nh trong ch bnh thng v tng nhanh trong ch s c (V d: Thit b hn ch dng ngn mch bng vt liu siu dn) c im ca cc FCL tch cc - T mi (self-triggerd) hoc mi bn ngoi (external-triggered) - Ch gii hn dng hoc gii hn dng v ct in - Khi phc li hoc khng khi phc li (Cc b phn ca FCL - loi khng khi phc li cn c thay th sau khi vn hnh) Cc loi FCL hin c: - Li trung p (1kV - 36kV): + Khng + Cu ch cao p + FCL Pyrotechnic (Is - Limiters) - Li cao p (> 36kV): + Khng + B dc iu khin bng Thyristor vi FCL Khng - Cch in kh hoc du - Li khng kh hoc li st - Lm mt t nhin, loi 1 pha hoc 3 pha - Dng nh mc ln ti trn 2500A in p nh mc 36kV v 4000A in p 400kV. Nhc im ca khng: - Tn tht in nng v tn tht in p.

- Chi ph vn hnh khng. - Cc vn iu khin my pht. - n ca khng. - Electro-Magnetical-Compatibility Cu ch cao p - c sn xut v s dng t hn 100 nm nay. - Chi ph thp nht cho vic bo v dng s c. - Dng nh mc ln ti trn 315A cp in p 12kV, 250A cp in p 24kV v 100A cp in p 36kV. Nhc im ca cu ch: - Ct in. - Khng khi phc li c. FCL pyrotechnic - Kho nm trong ng cch in mc song song vi cu ch, kho c kh nng mang dng rt cao nhng khng c kh nng hn ch dng s c. - Khi dng v tng dng in vt qu gi tr t, b np c tch lu nng lng s ct rt nhanh kho, dng in tip tc chy qua cu ch v sau 0.5ms cu ch ct in khi in p qua im 0. - Dng nh mc t 630A n 5000A, cp in p t 0.75kV n 40.5kV, dng ct nh mc t 140 n 210kA rms. - Pht minh t nm 1955. Nhc im ca FCL pyrotechnic: - Ct in. - Khng khi phc li c FCL mi - FCL siu dn (SFCL): + FCL in tr + FCL Shielded Iron Core + FCL Saturated Iron Core - FCL da trn in tr PTC - FCL Liquid Metal - FCL Solid-State - FCL s dng lc t - FCL ghp ng dng - t FCL ti ngn phn on thanh ci trung p (chim 52%): + C th vn hnh song song cc MBA, nh cn bng ti trn cc MBA. + Gim dung lng ngn mch ca h thng. + Gim tng tr ca li. + Khng tch cc MBA sau khi ct FCL. - t FCL ti cc ngn l tng MBA (chim 18%) hoc u cc MF (chim 15%): + C th vn hnh song song cc MBA, nh cn bng ti trn cc MBA. + Gim dung lng ngn mch ca h thng. + Gim tng tr ca li. + Dng ngn mch ca ngun (MBA hoc MF) gim.

- t FCL ti ngn xut tuyn trung p (chim 15%): + C th vn hnh song song cc MBA, nh cn bng ti trn cc MBA. + Gim dung lng ngn mch ca h thng. + Gim tng tr ca li. + Ch dng ngn mch ca ngn xut tuyn t FCL gim, thanh ci phi c thit k chu tng dng ngn mch. - t FCL song song vi khng (v d Is Limitters song song vi khng), nh khc phc c nhng nhc im ca khng l: + Tn tht in nng v tn tht in p. + Chi ph vn hnh khng. + Cc vn iu khin my pht. + n ca khng. + Electro-Magnetical-Compatibility Theo thng k trn th gii, FCL t li trung p di 36kV chim 87%, n 145kV chim 11% v trn 145kV chim 2%. Cc tc ng ca FCL i vi h thng in - Tc ng i vi s bo v + Chnh nh rle + Tnh chn lc (thi gian phi hp gia cc rle qu dng) + Tng thch vi cu ch + Protection Blinding - Tc ng i vi thit b ng ct thng thng + in p phc hi qu ca my ct - Tc ng i vi tin cy ca h thng in + tin cy ca FCL + Khng ct FCL khi c yu cu ct v ngc li ct FCL khi khng c yu cu ct + FCL khng hot ng khi xy ra cc s c trong - Yu cu bo dng + Chu k bo dng + Thi gian bo dng Cc tc ng gy ct FCL khng mong mun - Cc dng qu gy ra bi s c 1 pha - t trong mng cp ngm + Cc dng gy ra bi ng ct MBA + Cc dng gy ra bi ng ct t b + Dng khi ng ng c ln - Kh nng ca FCL chu ng cc dng ngn mch + Trong trng hp FCL ch hn ch dng th thi gian chu ng dng ngn mch ca FCL tu thuc vo s bo v (v d cho ph hp vi mt s chu k t ng ng li). Xem thm: http://diendankythuatdien.com/4rum/showthread.php?122-Hn-ch-dngngn-mch-trong-h-thng-in#ixzz1YxWqZmMO Cng sut chu ti ca cp Duplex Du-CV, Duplex Du-CX Tit din rut dn Cng sut chu ti Chiu di ng dy Tit din rut dn Cng sut chu ti Chiu di ng dy

3 mm2 5,5 kW 30 m 10 mm2 12,1 kW 45 m 4 mm2 6,8 kW 30 m 11 mm2 12,9 kW 45 m 5 mm2 7,8 kW 35 m 14 mm2 15,0 kW 50 m 5.5 mm2 8,3 kW 35 m 16 mm2 16,2 kW 50 m 6 mm2 8,7 kW 35 m 22 mm2 20,0 kW 60 m 7 mm2 9,5 kW 40 m 25 mm2 21,2 kW 60 m 8 mm2 10,6 kW 40 m 35 mm2 26,2 kW 70 m Chiu di ng dy ngh s dng bng ny c tnh tan theo st p khng qu 5% iu kin y ti. i vi ngun 1pha 2dy, 220V, sau khi chn c tit din rut dn ph hp vi cng sut nhng cha ph hp vi chiu di ng dy mong mun th ch vic tng tit din ln mt cp (v d tng t 3mm2 ln 4mm2) v kim tra li theo cng thc di y (0,187 x P x L / S <= 11), nu tha mn th tit din dy va tng ln l ph hp, nu cha tha mn th tng tit din rut dn ln mt cp na v kim tra li nh trn cho n khi tha mn Xem thm: http://diendankythuatdien.com/4rum/showthread.php?206-Cch-la-chndy-dn#ixzz1YxXaruTt Cho mng bn n vi DIN N K THUT IN.

Thot Bng iu chnh c nhn H s Tin nhn ca bn Cho bn, mylovekimkang.

Din n o Xem cc bi vit mi o Tin nhn ring o Hi p o Lch o Trang cng ng o Chn nhanh o Lin kt nhanh C g mi? Up nh Ni quy

Din n CHUYN NGNH M&E - IN CNG TRNH CHIU SNG Chiu sng thng minh Crestron - tht n gin

+ Tr li bi vit + To ch mi Hin kt qu t 1 ti 6 ca 6

Ch : Chiu sng thng minh Crestron - tht n gin

Cng c bi vit Tm kim trong ch nh gi ch ny Hin th

1. 03-06-2011 03:53 PM #1 HSE

Sng lp DKT

Thnh Vin Th: 3 Tn Tht: liwensheng

Gii Tnh: hot boy Ngh nghip: HSE S thch: nghe nhc, c bo , online, chi diu Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Bnh Dng Bi gi 332 Cm n 99 c cm n 217 ln trong 113 bi Cp : 17 [ ]
Hot ng: 80 / 400

im: 110 / 663

Kinh nghim: 2%

Chiu sng thng minh Crestron - tht n gin

Mi cng trnh c mt h thng iu khin chiu sng khc nhau, do nhu cu v mong mun ca ngi s dng cng trnh quyt nh. Thit k, thi cng cc cng trnh chiu sng v t ng ha m ng ng theo mi yu cu thit k ca khch hng lun l mt thch thc khng nh, v Crestron cung cp mt lot cc thit b vi kh nng thit k, tch hp linh hot, m bo p ng mi yu cu c bit nht v h thng iu khin v t ng ha chiu sng. Crestron l thnh vin sng lp ca Lin minh iu khin chiu sng cho cc cng trnh nh (Home Lighting Control Alliance - HLCA), mt lin minh cng nghip nhm nng cao nhn thc v gi tr v li

ch ca iu khin chiu sng. L thnh vin ca Hi ng Nh Xanh (v mi trng) - US. Green Building Council, Crestron tham gia chia x chuyn mn vf kinh nghim ca mnh trong vic ti thiu ha nng lng s dng trong cc cng trnh. L hng sn xut hng u th gii v cc sn phm iu khin cng ngh cao, Crestron tin phong trong vic kt hp cc mn hnh cm ng vo cc ng dng iu khin chiu sng. Bn cnh , Crestron cn cung cp kh nng gim st, qun l v iu khin t xa ton b h thng chiu sng t xa, thng qua mng IP. Khng ch b hp trong phm vi nht nh, ngoi h thng chiu sng thng minh, Crestron cn cho php tch hp cc h thng iu khin AV, HVAC, v mi h thng, thit b ca hng th 3 khc (m c cho php iu khin - controllable) mang n mt ngi nh hot ng ng b, hiu qu. Crestron hp l ha v n gin ha mi s phc tp v cng ngh trong cc cng trnh t nh ca, trng hc, vn phng. Ch vi mt mn hnh cm ng, hay mt iu khin t xa hoc mt keypad, s khng cn phi i ht phng n n phng kia chnh rm, iu khin nh sng, nhit , hay la chn ch m thanh hnh nh. Tt c ch l mt ci chm tay. Thit k, thi cng gii php/h thng iu khin chiu sng thng minh d dng hn bao gi ht. Mnh s trnh by tng bc nh sau: 1. Yu cu thit k 2. Thit k chiu sng trong cng trnh thng mi 3. Dng sn phm s dng cho iu khin chiu sng 4. Ln specs cho mt h thng chiu sng 5. Gii thiu phn mm thit k, qun l, vn hnh, gim st 6. V d mt h thng chiu sng thng minh
Xem thm cc bi vit khc cng chuyn mc

o o

Chiu sng thng minh Crestron - tht n gin tnh s lng n/phng

Lt xem : 808

Bi tr li : 5

Cm n Tr li Tr li vi trch dn

HSE c cm n bi
congdong88, nguyenbaoxuyen, secret garden 2. 03-06-2011 04:05 PM #2 HSE

Sng lp DKT

Thnh Vin Th: 3 Tn Tht: liwensheng Gii Tnh: hot boy Ngh nghip: HSE S thch: nghe nhc, c bo , online, chi diu Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Bnh Dng Bi gi 332 Cm n 99 c cm n 217 ln trong 113 bi

Cp : 17 [ ]
Hot ng: 80 / 400

im: 110 / 663

Kinh nghim: 2%

1. Yu cu thit k 1.1. Cc tiu ch iu khin v t ng ha: Tiu ch s dng trong thit k iu khin chiu sng v c bn s quyt nh gii php s c la chn. Tng kt chung nht, c cc vn sau: iu khin mc nh sng nh bng cch iu khin cc chit p dng cho cc mch n hoc iu khin mc s dng nh sng t nhin thng qua h thng mnh/rm nhm t c mc nh sng ph hp nht cho yu cu ca tng hot ng bn trong nh S dng cm bin hin din (occupancy sensor) quyt nh bt/tt h thng n, thay v ch bt tt t ng theo tng khong thi gian hay theo theo thi gian biu nh trc. Tiu ch ny m bo mc chiu sng ph hp vi tng yu cu ring bit v c th, mang li hiu qu tit kim nng lng ln. Lp thi gian biu cho h thng chiu sng theo gi trong ngy, theo ngy trong tun, ngy ngh l, thi gian biu ring cho chiu sng ngoi tri, m bo chiu sng cho cc yu cu v an ninh, an ton. Hiu ng bin i ca chiu sng c th trn tru nh s bin i ca nh sng t nhin. Trong cc cng trnh thng mi, kh nng thc hin ct ngun cung cp in mt s ng dy khi nhu cu chung v in ln hn kh nng cung cp (load shedding) c th gip gim ti tng th ti gi cao im => ti thiu ha chi ph s dng in (minimize load demand

charges) ===> l mt gii php mang hiu qu kinh t cao. H thng qun l chiu sng theo yu cu ca nh sng mi trng --lun l yu cu ti u ha cao nht, phc tp nht v in nng s dng. H thng kt hp cc cm bin nh sng, cm bin hin din, phn mm xc nh v tr, gc di chuyn ca mt tri, t iu chnh m ca cc rm ca s, m ca cc ca n sng, tn dng ti a nh sng t nhin ti thiu nng lng tiu th cho h thng n. iu khin HAVC lun l mt phn khng th tch ri trong vic ti u nng lng s dng trong ta nh, va m bo tnh kinh t, va m bo tnh hiu qu v n gin trong s dng 1.2 Cc yu t tnh v ng Bc u tin trong thit k chiu sng lun l xc nh r v kt cu khung ta nh, mt tin, cc mch n chiu sng, v cc yu t tnh khc c th nh hng n hiu ng chiu sng. Cc yu t tnh nh hng n khng gian v mi trng nh sng bn trong nh bao gm v tr ca s v loi knh s dng trn ca, b tr mt bng, hng to nh, v tr c... K n l gii php Crestron iu khin v t ng ha chiu sng s dng cho cc yu t ng, nhng yu t s thay i theo ngoi cnh, nhu cu s dng. Kt hp c hai yu t tnh v ng c mt h thng hon chnh. 1.3 Cng trnh mi xy hay cng trnh ci to nng cp Crestron m bo bn c th thc hin d n vi mi tnh hung. La chn thit b, gii php lun ph thuc rt nhiu vo thc t cng trnh. Cng trnh mi xy, cng trnh nng cp tng th, nng cp tng phn s c cc la chn hon ton khc nhau. Cng trnh mi xy, cng trnh nng cp tng th: d dng i li h thng cp in, cp thng tin. Cng trnh khng c php thay i ni tht, kt cu, hay ch nng cp phn nh khng cho php bc d tng hay vt liu trang tr ==> khng th i h thng dy mi ==> p dng gii php s dng h thng khng dy tng phn hay tng th. 1.4 Phn loi h thng iu khin v t ng ha chiu sng Ty theo loi cng trnh, yu cu khch hng, gii hn v kin trc v nhiu yu t khc, c th t chc h thng iu khin v t ng ha theo cc cc ph hp. Yu t chung nht cn m bo l tnh linh hot cho cc nhu cu thit k khc nhau. Thit k tp trung

H thng thit k tp trung khi mi mch in 220V u bt ngun t mt t iu khin Crestron v hot ng theo s iu khin ca mt h thng iu khin trung tm. Trong thit k kiu ny, cc mch n 220V, qut, ng c, cc mch ON/OFF c ni ti m-un iu khin trong t trung tm theo tng cp dy mt. Cc m-un c iu khin bng cc cng tc, mn hnh cm ng khng dy, hoc c dy (in p thp) b tr ti nhng ni thun tin cho ngi dng. Kiu thit k ny s n gin ha vic i cc dy in p cao, trong khi li to hiu qu thit k khi s dng cc loi cng tc, mn hnh cm ng. Mt b x l trung tm, ni mng vi cc m-un chiu sng v giao din s dng thng qua mng LAN, c dng cho iu khin chiu sng, qut, m-t, HVAC, h thng security. Cc b x l trong cc h thng iu khin khc ca ta nh cng c th ni ti b x l trung tm chiu sng ny thng qua mng Ethernet, cng RS232/422/485. c im ny gip ti thiu ha thit b iu khin s dng trong ta nh, tch bit cc chc nng, tng tnh linh hot trong thit k, m bo tnh tch hp tng th cho cng trnh.
B?m vo y ? xem kch thu?c

Thit k phn tn H thng thit k phn tn theo kiu thit k mch in truyn thng, ni tng mch in b iu iu khin t ti tng phng, tng khu vc. Thit b iLux CLSI-C6(M) hoc DIN-8SW8 ca Crestron mang li kh nng thit k vi moi tnh nng iu khin v t ng ha cho tng khu vc va v nh.
B?m vo y ? xem kch thu?c

Cm n Tr li Tr li vi trch dn

HSE c cm n bi
congdong88, nguyenbaoxuyen 3. 03-06-2011 04:32 PM #3 HSE

Sng lp DKT

Thnh Vin Th: 3 Tn Tht: liwensheng Gii Tnh: hot boy Ngh nghip: HSE S thch: nghe nhc, c bo , online, chi diu Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Bnh Dng Bi gi 332 Cm n 99 c cm n 217 ln trong 113 bi Cp : 17 [ ]
Hot ng: 80 / 400

im: 110 / 663

Kinh nghim: 2%

iLux - New Standard in Integrated Lighting Control

Gii thiu Sn phm iLux CLSI-C6(M) l mt gii php tch hp chiu sng hon chnh, thit k dng gn tng, ng dng linh hot t cc phng hp, phng ha nhc, ti phng gii tr, phng khch gia nh, hay bt c loi phng no vi mc u t ph hp. Crestron, ni ting v tnh tin phong v tin cy, kt hp vi cc chit p cao cp, tn nng iu khin mnh rm tch hp, nt bm ty bin, cng kh nng tch hp vi cc h thng iu khin thng minh khc khin cho iLux l mt la chn l tng cho iu khin chiu sng trong mi loi phng trong cc loi cng trnh khc nhau. Mt s ng dng tiu biu
B?m vo y ? xem kch thu?c

Model dng sn phm iLux c hai model chnh l CLSI-C6M: c km theo cm bin chuyn ng (motion detector) cm bin s tn ti ca s kin (occupancy sensing); t ng bt sng khi pht hin chuyn ng; t ng tt n sau mt khong thi gian khng cm nhn chuyn ng trong phng CLSI-C6: khng gn km cm bin chuyn ng

Cm n Tr li Tr li vi trch dn

HSE c cm n bi
congdong88, nguyenbaoxuyen 4. 03-06-2011 04:33 PM #4 HSE

Sng lp DKT

Thnh Vin Th: 3 Tn Tht: liwensheng Gii Tnh: hot boy Ngh nghip: HSE S thch: nghe nhc, c bo , online, chi diu Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t Bnh Dng Bi gi 332 Cm n 99 c cm n 217 ln trong 113 bi Cp : 17 [ ]
Hot ng: 80 / 400

im: 110 / 663

Kinh nghim: 2%

Tnh nng k thut 6 knh/mch: chit p (dimmable) hoc bt/tt (switching) Tng cng sut ti a ca m-un: 2200W (10A@220V) Cng sut ti a mi knh/mch: 800W@220V Cc loi ti: n si t (incandecent), bng t in p thp (magnetic low voltage), n neon (neon/cold cathode), n hynh quang 2 si c th chit p (2-wired dimmable fluorescent), cc loi ti non-dim. Hot ng C th hot ng c lp, khng cn ghp ni vi b iu khin C th iu khin ti 6 mch ti chiu sng C th iu khin ti ch tng mch ti Lu c 15 ch thit lp chiu sng C th bt/tt tng th
B?m vo y ? xem kch thu?c

Ty chn C th thm ty chn iu khin t xa bng hng ngoi vi mc chi ph thp

Kh nng m rng C th ghp ni vi cc keypad m rng cc im iu khin n nhiu ni trong phng (V d: ti cc ca ra vo ca phng) Cc loi keypad c th gn km l CNX-B series v C2N-DB series vi s phm bm t 2-12 phm mi keypad, ti a 16 keypads Hot ng c lp, khng cn khi iu khin trung tm

 C kh nng kt ni 9 m-un iLux li vi nhau, to thnh mt mng iu khin tp trung cho ton b ngi nh, vi tng s mch ti l 54 v s keypad m rng ti a l 128.

Thuc tnh khc Gii php tng th C th tch hp vi mn hnh cm ng C th tch hp tnh nng iu khin qua mng Ethernet, bng giao din Xpanel, thng qua cng ngh e-Control ca Crestron Tnh nng gim st, qun l qua mng Ethernet bng phn mm

Cm n Tr li Tr li vi trch dn

HSE c cm n bi
congdong88, gon1702, nguyenbaoxuyen, secret garden 5. 03-06-2011 04:33 PM #5 HSE

Sng lp DKT

Thnh Vin Th: 3 Tn Tht: liwensheng Gii Tnh: hot boy Ngh nghip: HSE S thch: nghe nhc, c bo , online, chi diu Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t

Bnh Dng Bi gi 332 Cm n 99 c cm n 217 ln trong 113 bi Cp : 17 [ ]

Hot ng: 80 / 400

im: 110 / 663

Kinh nghim: 2%

Roomview

V d v cc thit lp chiu sng

B?m vo y ? xem kch thu?c

Typical diagram

B?m vo y ? xem kch thu?c

Wiring diagram
B?m vo y ? xem kch thu?c

Cm n Tr li Tr li vi trch dn

HSE c cm n bi
congdong88, Electrical, gon1702, nguyenbaoxuyen 6. 03-07-2011 01:37 PM #6 locnewsun

Thnh Vin V.I.P Ging ca c trin vng

Thnh Vin Th: 26 Tn Tht: PHC LC

Gii Tnh: X S MEN Ngh nghip: TH IN NGHIP D S thch: N NHU Tham gia ngy Mar 2011 n t D AN - BNH DNG Bi gi 219 Cm n 112 c cm n 208 ln trong 99 bi Cp : 13 [
Hot ng: 32 / 320

im: 73 / 523

Kinh nghim: 82%

MNH GI THM MT S TI LIU SMART HOME CA ABB NH, MI NGI THAM KHO http://www.mediafire.com/?s8lffmca8bovx93 http://www.mediafire.com/?ze9gvaqciu1xbze http://www.mediafire.com/?5plqloe86qjm5q5 http://www.mediafire.com/?mn02j5thx1mx3s2

lm nguy bt cu, mc anh hng

Cm n Tr li Tr li vi trch dn

locnewsun c cm n bi
anhtucao, congdong88, gon1702, HSE, secret garden

+ Tr li bi vit + To ch mi Truy cp nhanh CHIU SNG Ln trn

Tr li nhanh

Ch trc | Ch tip theo Ch tng t

Tho lun: Ti sao My Bin p c nhiu t ni dy?

Bi HOANG-AP.POWER trong chuyn mc MY BIN P Tr li: 6 Bi vit cui: 08-13-2011, 01:43 PM

Bi tp di: Thit k chiu sng

Bi HOANG-AP.POWER trong chuyn mc N - LUN VN Tr li: 1 Bi vit cui: 06-13-2011, 09:37 AM

Tho lun my bin p

Bi mh.pvpower trong chuyn mc MY BIN P Tr li: 11 Bi vit cui: 05-21-2011, 03:04 PM

[Ti liu] Gio trnh k thut chiu sng

Bi NeverGiveUp trong chuyn mc TI LIU V H THNG IN CUNG CP IN

Tr li: 3 Bi vit cui: 03-14-2011, 07:57 AM

Edison pht minh ra bng n si t nh th no?

Bi capuchjno_hn88 trong chuyn mc GC X STRESS Tr li: 0 Bi vit cui: 03-07-2011, 11:51 PM Thng tin thm C 1 ngi ang xem ch ny. (1 thnh vin v 0 khch) 1. mylovekimkang Nhng thnh vin xem ch ny: 12 Bn khng c cp quyn xem danh sch ny. Tags cho bi vit ny
Sa Tag

None Xem my tags nh du

Digg del.icio.us Google Facebook Twitter Yahoo

Quyn vit bi

Bn c th gi ch mi Bn c th gi tr li Bn c th gi file nh km Bn c th sa bi vit ca mnh BB code ang M Mt ci ang M [IMG] ang M HTML ang Tt

Ni quy din n Mi gi GMT +7. Hin ti l 5:47:31 PM. Powered by vBulletin Version 4.1.4 Copyright 2011 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. Nhm pht trin website v thnh vin DIN N K THUT IN

Lin h DIN N K THUT IN Lu Tr Ln trn

Mudim v0.8

Tt

VNI Telex Viqr Tng hp T ng B du kiu mi [ Bt/Tt (F9) n/Hin (F8) ]

Chnh t

Xem thm: http://diendankythuatdien.com/4rum/showthread.php?103-Chiu-sngthng-minh-Crestron-tht-n-gin#ixzz1YxaUTRPW