Bi tp 1 :Mt dung dch A cha HCl v H2SO4 theo t l mol 3 : 1.

trung ho 100 ml dung dch A cn 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M. a, Tnh nng mol ca mi axit. b, 200 ml dung dch A trung ho ht bao nhiu ml dung dch baz B cha NaOH 0,2 M v Ba(OH)2 0,1 M ? c, Tnh tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng gia dung dch A v B ? Hng dn y l nhng phn ng gia 1 Baz v 2 Axit v 2 Baz v 2 Axit (c km theo theo to kt ta). Vy nn nu gii phng php bnh thng s rt kh khn trong vic lp phng trnh gii h. Nn ta s dng phng trnh ion thu gn. a. Phng trnh phn ng trung ho H+ + OH- => H2O (1) Gi s mol H2SO4 trong 100 ml ddA l x => s mol HCl l 3x nH = 2 x + 3 x = 5 x (mol) nOH = 0,5 . 0,05 = 0,025 (mol) nH = nOH hay 5 x = 0,025 => x = 0,005 CM (HCl) = 0,15 (M) CM (H SO ) = 0,05 (M) b. Gi th tch dung dch B l V (lit). Trong 200 ml ddA : nH = 2. 5 x = 0,05 (mol) Trong V (lit) ddB : nOH = 0,2 . V + 2. 0,1. V = 0,4 V (mol) nH = nOH hay 0,4 V = 0,05 => V = 0,125 (lit) hay 125 (ml) c. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui. tng khi lng cc mui Cc mui = tng khi lng cation + tng khi lng anion = mNa + mBa + mCl + mSO = 23.0,2.0,125 + 137.0,1.0,125 + 35,5.0,2.0,15 + 96.0,2.0,05 = 4,3125 (g) Bi tp 2 :Cho 200 ml dung dch A cha HCl 1 (M) v HNO3 2(M) tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch B cha NaOH 0,8 (M) v KOH (cha r nng ) thu c dung dch C. Bit rng trung ho 100 ml dung dch C cn 60 ml dung dch HCl 1 M, tnh : a, Nng ban u ca KOH trong dung dch B. b, Khi lng cht rn thu c khi c cn ton b dung dch C. Hng dn Bnh thng i vi bi ny ta phi vit 4 phng trnh gia 2 axit vi 2 baz. Nhng nu ta vit phng trnh dng ion ta ch phi vit 1 phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng trung ho. a. Phng trnh phn ng trung ho : H+ + OH- => H2O Trong 200 (ml) ddA : nH = 0,2 . 1 + 0,2 . 2 = 0,6 (mol) Trong 300 (ml) ddB : nOH = 0,3 . 0,8 + 0,3 . a = 0,24 + 0,3.a (a : nng mol ca KOH). Trong dung dch C cn d OHTrong 100 (ml) dd C : nOH = nH = 1. 0,06 = 0,06 (mol) Trong 500 (ml) dd C : nOH = 0,06 . 5 = 0,3 (mol). nOH = (0,24 + 0,3.a) 0,6 = 0,3.a 0,36 (mol) Ta c : 0,3.a 0,36 = 0,3 => a = 0,66/0,3 = 2,2 (M). b. Khi lng cht rn khi c cn ton b dd C. i vi bi ny nu gii vi phng php bnh thng s gp kh khn, v c th tnh c khi lng cc mui nhng khng tnh c khi lng baz v ta khng bit baz no d. Vy bi ny ta s s dng phng trnh ion, thay v tnh khi lng cc mui v baz ta i tnh khi lng cc ion to ra cc cht . Ta c : m Cht rn = mNa + mK + mCl + mNO + mOH d mNa = 0,24. 23 = 5,52 (g)

mK = 0,3 . 2,2 . 39 = 25,74 (g) mCl = 0,2 . 35,5 = 7,1 (g) mNO = 0,4 . 62 = 24,8 (g) nOH d = 0,3.a 0,36 = 0,3 . 2,2 0,36 = 0,3 (mol) mOH d = 0,3 . 17 = 5,1 (g). m Cht rn = mNa + mK + mCl + mNO + mOH d = 68,26 (g). Bi tp 3 : a, Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 (dung dch A). trung ho 10 ml dung dch A cn 10 ml dung dch B cha 2 axit HCl v H2SO4. Xc nh pH ca dung dch B ? b, Trn 100 ml dung dch A vi 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 a (M), thu c dung dch C. trung ho dung dch 500 ml dung dch C cn 350 ml dung dch B. Xc nh nng mol Ba(OH)2. Hng dn y l nhng phn ng gia 1 Baz v 2 Axit v 2 Baz v 2 Axit (c km theo theo to kt ta), v c lin quan n pH dung dch. Vy nn nu gii phng php bnh thng s rt kh khn trong vic lp phng trnh gii h. Nn ta s dng phng trnh ion thu gn. a. Phng trnh phn ng trung ho ddA vi ddB H+ + OH- => H2O (1) Dd NaOH (ddA) c pH = 13 [H+] = 10-13 (M) [OH-] = 10-1 (M). Trong 10 ml = 10-2 (l) dung dch A c : S mol OH- : nOH = 10-2.10-1 = 10-3 (mol) theo pt (1) c : nOH = nH = 10-3 (mol) Trong 10 (ml) = 10-2(l) dung dch B c : nH = 10-3 (mol) = 10-3 / 10-2 = 10-1 (M) => pHB = 1. b. Trn 100 ml A + 100 ml Ba(OH)2 a(M) => 200 ml dd C. => nOH dd C = 10-2 + 0,2 . a (mol). Trong 500 ml dd C c : nOH = 2,5. 10-2 + a (mol). Trong 350 ml dd B c : nH = 3,5. 10-2 (mol). Theo pt (1) c : 2,5. 10-2 + a = 3,5 . 10-2 => a = 10-2 (M) * MT S BI TP 1/ Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75 M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)20,08 M v KOH 0,04 M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Cho bit : . = 10-14 ( thi TSH khi A 2004) 2/ Trn dung dch A cha NaOH v dung dch B cha Ba(OH)2 theo th tch bng nhau c dung dch C. Trung ha 100 ml dung dch C cn dng ht 35 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M v thu c 9,32 gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dung dch A v B. Cn phi trn bao nhiu ml dung dch B vi 20 ml dung dch A thu c dung dch ha tan va ht 1,08 gam Al. ( thi TSH Bch khoa 1989) 3/ Tnh th tch dd Ba(OH)2 0,04M cn cho vo 100ml dd gm HNO3 0,1M v HCl 0,06 M c pH ca dd thu c = 2,0. ( thi TSH SP 2001) 4/ a/ Cho hn hp gm FeS2 , FeCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng d thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh B gm NO2 v CO2 . Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch A. Hp th hn hp kh B bng dung dch NaOH d. Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion thu gon ca cc phn ng xy ra. b/ Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,05M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng a mol/l thu c m gam kt tav 500 ml dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh a v m. ( thi TSH khi B 2003) 5/ Cho hai dung dch H2SO4 c pH =1 v pH = 2. Thm 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml mi dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dung dch thu c. ( thi TSH khi B 2002) 6/ Ha tan mt mu hp kim Ba-Na ( vi t l s mol l 1: 1 ) vo nc thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). a/ Cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl c pH = 1,0 trung ha 1/10 dung dch A.

b/ Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 1/10 dung dch A th thu c 2,955 gam kt ta . Tnh V. c/ Thm m gam NaOH vo 1/10 dung dch A thu c dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,2M thu c kt ta C. Tnh m cho lng kt ta C l ln nht, b nht. Tnh khi lng kt ta ln nht, b nht. (B thi TS 1996) 7/ Ho tan 7,83 (g) mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k k tip trong bng tun hon c 1lit dung dch C v 2,8 lit kh bay ra (ktc) a, Xc nh A,B v s mol A, B trong C. b, Ly 500 ml dung dch C cho tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch D cha H 2SO4 0,1 M v HCl nng x. Tnh x bit rng dung dch E thu c trung tnh. c, Tnh tng khi lng mui thu c sau khi c cn dung dch E. ( PP gii ton ho v c TS Nguyn Thanh Khuyn) 8/ Mt dung dch A cha HNO3 v HCl theo t l mol 2 :1. a, Bit rng khi cho 200 ml dung dch A tc dng vi 100 ml NaOH 1 M th lng axit d trong A tc dng va vi 50 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2 M. Tnh nng mol ca mi axit trong dung dch A. b, Nu trn 500 ml dung dch A vi 100 ml dung dch B cha NaOH 1 M v Ba(OH) 20,5 M th dung dch C thu c c tnh axit hay baz ? c, Phi thm vo dung dch C bao nhiu lit dung dch A hoc dung dch B c c dung dch D trung tnh ? d, C cn dung dch D. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. ( PP gii ton ho v c TS Nguyn Thanh Khuyn) 9/ 100 ml dung dch X cha H2SO4 v HCl theo t l mol 1 : 1. trung ho 100 ml dung dch X cn 400 ml dung dch NaOH 5% ( d = 1,2 g/ml) a, Tnh nng mol ca mi axit trong dung dch X. b, Nu C% NaCl sau phn ng l 1,95. Tnh khi lng ring ca dung dch X v nng % ca mi axit trong dung dch X ? c, Mt dung dch Y cha 2 baz NaOH v Ba(OH) 2. Bit rng 100 ml dung dch X trung ho va 100 ml dung dch Y ng thi to ra 23,3 gam kt ta. Chng minh Ba2+trong dung dch Y kt ta ht. Tnh nng mol ca mi baz trong dung dch Y. ( PP gii ton ho v c TS Nguyn Thanh Khuyn) 10/ Thm 100 ml nc vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 c 200 ml dung dch X (d = 1,1 g/ml). a, Bit rng 10 ml dung dch X trung ho va 10 ml dung dch NaOH 2 M, Tnh nng mol v khi lng ring d ca dung dch H2SO4 ban u. b, Ly 100 ml dung dch X, thm vo 100 ml dung dch HCl c 200 ml dung dch Y. Khi trung ho va 100 ml dung dch X bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH th thu c 2 mui vi t l khi lng : mNaCl : mNa SO = 1,17 Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl v NaOH.