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TS. L VN HUY
Email: levanhuy@vnn.vn
TRONG MN HC NY Mt s vn tng quan v nghin cu khoa hc. Cc loi nghin cu khoa hc. Tin trnh thc hin nghin cu khoa hc. Phn tch d liu trong nghin cu. Cng nhau trin khai nghin cu. Trnh by nghin cu.
NGHIN CU KHOA HC Nghin cu khoa hc l qu trnh p dng cc tng, nguyn l v phng php khoa hc tm ra cc kin thc mi nhm gii thch hay d bo cc s vn hin tng trong th gii khch quan
NGHIN CU KHOA HC Nghin cu khoa hc l qu trnh hnh thnh v chng minh lun im khoa hc v mt s vt hoc hin tng cn khm ph (V Cao m, 2008) c im
Tnh mi Tnh tin cy Tnh thng tin Tnh khch quan Tnh ri ro Tnh k tha Tnh c nhn
Quan im ca nhng nghin cu trc nh th no? hp tuyn l thuyt!!! Lun im (gi thuyt) ca bn ra sao? Bn s chng minh lun im (gi thuyt) ca bn nh th no? Phi xut pht t cu hi khoa hc!
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
BA LOI NGHIN CU Nghin cu m t: nghin cu nhng g xy ra hoc ang tn ti Nghin cu mi quan h: quan st mi quan h gia hai hay nhiu bin Nghin cu nhn qu: xc nh xem mt hay nhiu bin c nh hng n mt hay nhiu bin khc Nghin cu nhn qu hay c s dng nht!
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
L THUYT KHOA HC
PHI HP
L THUYT KHOA HC
L thuyt khoa hc l mt h thng lun im khoa hc v mi lin h gia cc khi nim khoa hc. L thuyt cung cp mt quan nim hon chnh v bn cht s vt, nhng lin h bn trong ca s vt v mi quan h c bn gia s vt vi th gii hin thc (V Cao m, 2008) L thuyt khoa hc l mt tp nhng khi nim, nh ngha v gi thuyt trnh by c h thng thng qua cc mi quan h gia cc khi nim, nhm mc ch gii thch v d bo cc hin tng khoa hc (Kerlinger, 1986)
KHI NIM c im
Ch hiu thng nht theo mt ngha
Khi nim A
Gi thuyt 3
Gi thuyt 1
Khi nim B
Gi thuyt 2
Khi nim C
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
Gi thuyt l thuyt
Bin quan st
Gi thuyt kim nh
Bin quan st
H-How?
Mi lin h gia nhng khi nim nh th no?
W3-Who/Where/When?
Who : i tng no c chn nghin cu? Where: u? When : Khi no
Tng qut ha
Vn nghin cu
Quy np
Gi thuyt
Quan st
L thuyt
L thuyt
Gi thuyt
Gi thuyt
Tng qut ha
Quan st
Quan st
Khng nh
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
C s l thuyt
C s l thuyt
(T)
L thuyt
Phng php NC
(R)
Nghin cu
Xc nh vn nghin cu
Thit k nghin cu
Vit bo co nghin cu
B1. XC NH VN NGHIN CU
Vn nghin cu Cu hi nghin cu
a. Xut pht t kinh nghim thc tin. b. Xut pht t thc t kinh doanh. c. T cc l hng ca nhng nghin cu trc phi tng hp, phn tch cc nghin cu trc. Nghin cu trn th gii
Nghin cu ti Vit Nam
MT V D C TH Hy suy ngh Khi bn giao dch ti mt ngn hng, bn ch n vn g? Bn ngh c tip tc giao dch vi ngn hng hay khng?
MT V D C TH Cht lng dch v v s trung thnh ca khch hng trong lnh vc ngn hng Quan nim v cht lng dch v nh th no?
u l cc yu t cu thnh nn cht lng dch v? Cch thc o lng?
Nh th no l s trung thnh? Mi quan h gia cht lng dch v v s trung thnh ca khch hng?
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
CC KHI NIM
TNH HU HNH
P NG Cu hi: Lm th no o lng cc khi nim? Mi quan h gia cc khi nim ny nh th no? NNG LC PHC V
NG CM
CC KHI NIM
Items 1.1 Items 1.2 Items 1.3 Items 1.n
TNH HU HNH
P NG
NNG LC PHC V
NG CM BIN CP II BIN CP I
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
Bn cu hi
Mu v phng php chn mu Phng php thu thp d liu M hnh v gi thuyt nghin cu D kin phng php phn tch mt k hoch phn tch c th nn xy dng
M HNH V CC GI THUYT
TNH HU HNH Gi thuyt: H1: Tn ti mi quan h gia tnh hu hnh v s trung thnh ca khch hng trn tng th S TRUNG THNH CA KHCH HNG Hoc: H1: Tn ti mi tng quan dng gia tnh hu hnh v s trung thnh ca khch hng trn tng th
TNH NG TIN CY
P NG
NNG LC PHC V
NG CM
B5. PHN TCH D LIU M ho d liu Nhp liu Lm sch d liu Kim tra tin cy v gi tr ca d liu (EFA v Cronbach Alpha) Phn tch
Cc thang o o lng cc bin s Mi quan h gia cc bin s phn tch da trn m hnh
B6. BO CO NGHIN CU GII QUYT VN THC TIN Tng quan: Gii thiu ton b nghin cu, quy trnh, ngha ca nghin cu C s l thuyt: Tm lc cc l thuyt i trc Phn tch thc trng Cc gii php v quyt nh Kt lun
B6. BO CO NGHIN CU HN LM: quy np (nh tnh) 1. Tng quan: Phn tch thc trng ca vn thc tin + cc l thuyt c vn nghin cu 2. Hp tuyn CS l thuyt: Phn tch l thuyt v hn ch ca n 3. Phng php nghin cu (nh tnh + nh lng): Cch thc thu thp, phn tch d liu 4. Phn tch kt qu: Kt qu, m hnh l thuyt gii quyt vn 5. Kt lun: Tm tt kt qu, hn ch, hng nghin cu trong tng lai
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
KT CU BO CO NGHIN CU HN LM: suy din (nh lng) 1. Tng quan: Thc trng ca vn thc tin + cc l thuyt c vn nghin cu 2. Hp tuyn CS l thuyt v (hoc) NC khm ph: Thit k MH NC v cc gi thuyt lin quan 3. Phng php nghin cu (nh tnh + nh lng): Cng c o lng (BCH), chn mu, phng php thu thp v phn tch d liu. 4. Phn tch kt qu: Kt qu kim nh + bnh lun 5. Kt lun: Gii thiu, tm tt kt qu, hn ch, hng nghin cu trong tng lai
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
PHNG PHP NGHIN CU KHOA HC Bi 2: Cc phng php nghin cu Thang o lng v Thit k cng c o lng (BCH)
TS. L VN HUY
Email: levanhuy@vnn.vn
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
NGHIN CU NH TNH
NGHIN CU NH TNH Phn tch v din gii d liu dng nh tnh nhm mc ch khm ph qui lut ca hin tng khoa hc
Xy dng l thuyt khoa hc (gi thuyt) Kim nh l thuyt khoa hc (gi thuyt)
Cng c
Phng vn (tho lun) nhm (focus groups) Phng vn (tho lun) tay i (in-depth interviews) Quan st (observations)
K THUT NGHIN CU NH TNH: Quan st Tham gia nh mt thnh vin: khng cho bit mnh l nh nghin cu Tham gia ch ng quan st: thng bo cho bit mnh l nh nghin cu Tham gia th ng quan st: khng thng bo, c th khng l thnh vin Ch quan st
Cu hi chuyn su:
Nu c gii thch thm, bn c th gii thch thm v? Nh vy th n c ngha g?
Cu hi gin tip:
Theo bn, v sao sinh vin thng xuyn ngh hc?
Cu hi din ngha:
Nu ti hiu ng anh/ch th vn nh th ny
MT S CH
Cng nhm ng nht - khc nhm d bit i tng nghin cu khng quen bit nhau (c bit cho mt s phn t) v khng quen thuc vi phng php Cn phi chn i tng nghin cu: s dng mt s cu hi gn lc Thnh cng ca tho lun nhm ph thuc vo ngi iu khin chng trnh Khng th tng qut ha kt qu nh nh lng (chn mu l thuyt).
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
Bn tho lun
Phng theo di
NGHIN CU NH LNG
L thuyt
Phng php NC
Nghin cu
- Loi cc bin c h s tng quan bin tng nh. - Kim tra h s alpha. - Loi cc bin c trng s EFA nh. - Kim tra yu t trch c. - Kim tra phng sai trch c
GI THUYT hng cho bn la chn hp tuyn cc nghin cu trc y (literature) hng cc quyt nh ca bn theo dng thit k nghin cu (design) cn c s dng hng cc quyt nh ca bn theo s liu cn thu thp hng dn phn tch cc s liu ca bn
GI THUYT Gi thuyt l mt kt lun gi nh v bn cht s vt, do ngi nghin cu a ra chng minh hoc bc b Gi thuyt l khi im ca mi nghin cu khoa hc (L T Thnh, 1993) Khng c khoa hc m khng c gi thuyt (Varshavshii, 1975) Vn nghin cu l cu hi th gi thuyt chnh l cu tr li cho cu hi nu
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
GI THUYT Gi thuyt phi kh c th ngi c c th hiu r rng nhng g m nghin cu mun chng t M t chnh xc v hot ng m ngi ta ngh l s xy ra trong nghin cu
V D Vn quan tm ca nghin cu
Cht lng dch v ngn hng S trung thnh ca khch hng
Cu hi nghin cu
u l nhn t tc ng n s trung thnh ca khch hng i vi ngn hng?
Gi thuyt nghin cu
Tn ti mi quan h tng quan dng gia tnh hu hnh v s trung thnh ca khch hng i vi ngn hng
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
BIN NGHIN CU Mi o lng n nht u l mt ch dn khng hon ho Bin: C th o lng trc tip (thu nhp, gii tnh, tui) hoc khng th o lng trc tip m thng qua mt s bin s khc (bin tim n)
C mt s bin (bin tim n) khng th o lng trc tip m phi thng qua mt s bin khc (gi l cc items) V d:
Bn khng th hi l bn c thch qung co A hay khng!!! Vn lm th no o lng.
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
CC KHI NIM
Items 1.1 Items 1.2 Items 1.3 Items 1.n
TNH HU HNH
P NG
NNG LC PHC V
NG CM BIN CP II BIN CP I
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
M HNH V CC GI THUYT
TNH HU HNH Gi thuyt: H1: Tn ti mi quan h gia tnh hu hnh v s trung thnh ca khch hng trn tng th S TRUNG THNH CA KHCH HNG Hoc: H1: Tn ti mi tng quan dng gia tnh hu hnh v s trung thnh ca khch hng trn tng th
TNH NG TIN CY
P NG
NNG LC PHC V
NG CM
XY DNG CC GI THUYT H1: Tn ti mi tng quan dng gia tnh hu hnh v s trung thnh ca khch hng i vi ngn hng trong tng th. H2: Tn ti mi tng quan dng gia tnh ng tin cy v s trung thnh ca khch hng i vi ngn hng trong tng th.
O LNG
Thc hin thng qua cc cuc kho st (surveys) Tr li cu hi lin quan n thi gian, chi ph, k nng Vn chn mu vn sai s trong chn mu Cc cng c o lng Kim nh cc thang o lng: Cronbach alpha, EFA, CFA Cng c phn tch: Bng cho, hi qui, h logit, MANOVA, MDA, MDS, m hnh cn bng cu trc (SEM)
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
O LNG Cho d l ci g chng ta cp n, nu chng ta c th o lng n v biu th n bng cc con s, chng ta hiu bit t nhiu v n. Nhng khi chng ta cha th biu din n bng cc con s, kin thc ca chng ta v n rt hn ch, khim khuyt. y c th c th l khi im ca kin thc khoa hc nhng rt kh khn pht trin khoa hc. (Lord Kelvin)
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
V d 2:
V d 3:
in thoi
+ S 0511 383 6934 Khoa QTKD
BN CU HI
nh ngha:
Bn cu hi l mt tin trnh c chnh thc ha nhm thu thp, ghi chp li nhng thng tin xc ng v c ch nh r vi s chnh xc v hon ho tng i.
NHNG THUC TNH CA BCH TT Phi chuyn ti ni dung mun hi Gip hiu bit r rng cc cu hi. Khuyn khch hp tc Gip xem xt li ni tm k hn, lc li tr nh. Hng dn r rng nhng iu ngi c hi mun bit v cch tr li. Xc nh nhng nhu cu cn bit phn loi v kim tra li cuc phng vn.
CC BC THIT K BCH
Xc nh cc d kin ring bit cn tm Xc nh cc d kin ring bit cn tm Xc nh phng php phng vn Xc nh phng php phng vn nh gi ni dung bn cu hi nh gi ni dung bn cu hi Quyt nh dng cu hi v cu tr li Quyt nh dng cu hi v cu tr li Xc nh cc t ng trong bn cu hi Xc nh cc t ng trong bn cu hi Xc nh cu trc bn cu hi Xc nh cu trc bn cu hi Xc nh cc c tnh vt l ca bn cu hi Xc nh cc c tnh vt l ca bn cu hi Kim tra, sa cha Kim tra, sa cha
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
D tnh xem nhng bin s c o lng s c s dng nh th no Dng loi k thut phn tch no mang li ngha cho d liu.
B2. X PHNG PHP PHNG VN Cn quyt nh loi phng php phng vn no:
Bng th tn Bng in thoi Trc tip Qua mail (Internet)...
B3. NH GI NI DUNG CU HI Mc tiu v ni dung ca vn nghin cu quyt nh ni dung cu hi Khi thit k nn t hi:
Cu hi t ra c cn thit khng? Ngi tr li c hiu c cu hi khng? Ngi tr li c c nhng thng tin cn thit tr li cc cu hi khng? Ngi tr li liu c cung cp cc thng tin khng?
Kinh nghim
Nn vit li gii thiu v mc ch nghin cu Nhng cu hi nhy cm nn cui
Cu hi m
Cu hi m l dng cu hi m trong cu hi c cu trc cn cu tr li th khng. Ngi tr li c th tr li vi bt c thng tin no v bt c cu no c coi l thch hp. Ngi phng vn s c nhim v vit li chnh xc nhng g c th thu thp c.
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
B4. Q. DNG CU HI V TR LI Gm
Cu hi t do tr li Cu hi thm d Cu hi thuc dng k thut hin hnh
B4. Q. DNG CU HI V TR LI Cu hi t do tr li
Ngi tr li th t do tr li theo ca mnh ty theo phm vi t do ca cu hi Thun li
thu c nhng cu tr li bt ng, khng d liu trc - bc l r rng hn quan im -Gim bt s tht vng - to mi quan h vi ngi c hi.
Kh khn
Kh cho ngi din t km Kh m ha ph thuc nhiu vo ngi ghi chp i khi mt thi gian
B4. Q. DNG CU HI V TR LI Cu hi ng
Cu hi ng l dng cu hi m c cu hi ln cu tr li u c cu trc. Gm
Cu hi phn i Cu hi xp hng theo th t Cu hi ng du tnh hung theo danh sch Cu hi cho nhiu la chn Cu hi bc thang
Hn ch
Cung cp khng thng tin chi tit - Phi t cu hi v s dng t ng chnh xc - Bt buc ngi tr li la chn cho d h c th cha chc chn lm khi chn cu tr li.
Nhc
Khng ch ra mc cch bit gia cc la chn. Cu tr li b gii hn khng qu 5 hoc 6 mc Ngi tr li phi c kin thc v tt c cc mc. Kh bao qut y cc tnh hung.
B5. XC NH T NG TRONG BCH Dng t ng quen thuc, trnh dng ting lng v t chuyn mn. Dng t ng n gin. Trnh s dng cc cu hi di. Trnh cu hi lp li (va... va...; ch t v trong cu hi) Trnh cu hi gi Trnh cu hi nh kin Trnh cu hi qu nhiu tng tng
B7. XC NH CC C TNH VT L Xem xt hnh dng bn cu hi, cht lng giy, cht lng in n... Trnh by ngn gn v r rng. Nu dng cu hi m th nn cha khong trng ln. In thnh tp sch (nu cn) Khi nhy qung cu hi trn bn cu hi th phi ch thch r rng.
VD: Nu bn tr li c Nu bn tr li khng xin chuyn n tr li cu 12 tr li tip cu 6
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
BIU MU QUAN ST Cn quan st ai? Bt c ai mua sn phm? Bt c ai vo ca hng? Nam? N? Cp? Cn quan st ci g? Ngnh hng bn? Qui m ca vic bn?. Cc mt hng c ch trng? Mt hng no c yu cu trc ht? Vic quan st xy ra khi no: Ngy no trong tun? Gi no trong ngy? Quan st u? Loi ca hng no? khu vc no? Ti sao chn n?
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
MU V VN SAI S
CC K THUT CHN MU
CC K THUT CHN MU CC K THUT CHN MU
Phn on Phn on
nh mc nh mc
H thng H thng
SE 0
O VN TRONG NCKH? o vn l mo nhn (pass off) cng vic ca mt ai nh l cng vic ca chnh mnh v li ch ca chnh mnh d l c ch ch hay khng c ch ch
(Carroll, 2002:9)
MO NHN (Pass off) Cho mt n tng gi to C gng la gt ai Sai lm c tnh Sai lm khng c tnh (C mt s ngi mo nhn m h khng bit mo nhn)
CNG VIC CA AI Sinh vin khng lm vic m tha nhn Khng ch s dng li ca ngi khc p dng tng cng c th l o vn Lp li, vit li bng ngn ng ca chnh mnh, sao chp li
C CH CH HOC KHNG Coi l chuyn thng ngy Ti hon ton khng c nh ! Ti hon ton khng bit cch trch dn ti liu tham kho!
TRNH O VN ng mo nhn cng vic ca ngi khc nh l cng vic ca mnh K tn tt c cc tc gi trong bi vit Trnh trch on trn internet hay cc ngun khc m khng ch thch ti liu tham kho
TI SAO PHI GHI NGUN Ghi mt li tri n n cc tc gi khi bn k n hay trch dn cng vic ca h Tng hm lng khoa hc ca nghin cu Thng tin ti liu tham kho phi y ngi c c th truy xut c ti liu Cch ghi danh mc ti liu tham kho phi thng nht
Nu ng tc gi (2 ngi) th ghi l
Huy v Hong (2000) cho rng: Vit Nam cn phi xy dng chin lc pht trin kinh t Min Trung v Ty Nguyn
Nu ng tc gi (3 ngi) th ghi l
Huy v cng s (2000) cho rng: Vit Nam cn phi xy dng chin lc pht trin kinh t Min Trung v Ty Nguyn
CCH TRNH DN: gin tip Cng nghip Vit Nam ng vai tr quan trng trng trong nn kinh t Vit Nam (Kenichi Ohno, 2005) Khi c nhiu tc gi th bn phi sp xp theo th t theo nm tng dn (Handy, 1979; Johnson, 1992; Brown, 1999)
TRCH DN CA CC TRCH DN Khi bn trch dn tng ca mt tc gi, m tng ny c trch dn t mt tc gi khc th bn phi ghi l:
(Parasuraman, 1987, trch trong Huy, 2008)
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO: Sch Nguyn Trn Quc (2005), n lc phi xy dng v cng c li nn quc hc ca Vit nam, Nh xut bn S Tht, H Ni, 500 trang. Ch Tn sch ghi ch nghing Phi sp xp ti liu tham kho theo ABC ca tn tc gi
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO: Tp ch Williamson, P. C. J. (1991), Supplier Strategy and Customer Responsiveness; Managing the Links, Business Strategy Review, 40, 4, 75-90. Ch Tp ch th ch nghing, cn tn bi vit trong tp ch th ghi ch ng bnh thng.
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO Kelly. C, (1997) David Kolb, The Theory of Experiential Learning and ESL , The Internet TESL Journal, September, Vol. III, No. 9 (online) http://iteslj.org/Articles/Kelly-Experiential/ (28/02/2009) Nguyn Vn A (2000), Cht lng hay khng cht lng (online) (http://www.tienphong.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx) ngy truy xut
28/04/2009.
Copyright @ 2010, L VN HUY, PhD., Danang University of Economics
TRN TRNG CM N V TRI N! GS. DAtous (Canada), GS. Guy Cucumel (Canada) GS. Naufel Daghfous GS. Jean Francois Lemoine (Php) Thy Nguyn nh Th v C Mai Trang Thy Hong Trng Thy V Cao m Thy Nguyn Minh Kiu