PHNG PHP TNH LN NHANH CA NN T YU DI TC DNG CA TI TRNG NN NG P

KS. BI TH LOAN
B mn Xy dng c s h tng Vin KH v CN Xy dng GT Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti Tm tt: Vic xc nh ln c tm quan trng c bit trong xy dng cc cng trnh ng vi nn p trn t yu. Hin nay, d bo ln ca cc cng trnh di tc dng ca ti trng ngi ta thng dng phng php cng ln tng lp. y l phng php c in c p dng rng ri. Tuy nhin phng php ny va mt thi gian, va c th c sai s ln khi p dng tnh ton ln ca cc cng trnh ng vi nn p trn t yu. Bi bo ny trnh by mt phng php d tnh nhanh ln ca nn t yu di tc dng ca ti trng nn ng p da trn c s xy dng hm s xc nh din tch ca biu phn b ng sut gy ln trong nn t. C th p dng phng php ny la chn bin php x l nn t yu thch hp khi xy dng cc cng trnh ng vi nn p trn t yu. Summary: Determination of settlement plays a special important role in constructing roads whose subgrade is an embankment on a weak soil base. At present, settlement of projects is usually determined by cumulative calculation method of layers settlement. This classical method has been widely used. However, it may not be the best method to determine the settlement of roads weak soil- base under embankment because it costs time and may give considerable errors. This paper introduces a method that can quickly determine the settlement of roads weak soil- base under embankment with a higher reliable degree. The method is based on developing area functions of distribution chart of the stress causing settlement under embankment. The method can be applied to quickly select appropriate treatment solutions for certain weak soil bases.

TCT1

I. M U Khi xy dng nn ng p trn t yu thng gp vn : kt cu nn, mt ng b ph hoi do ln. Tnh cht ca nn t yu rt a dng, do c nhiu bin php x l khc nhau: cc ct, ct t gia c vi, cc tre, o thay mt phn hoc ton b nn t yu,... Vic la chn gii php x l thch hp da trn c s m bo ln tng cng ca nn t di tc dng ca ti trng t p khng vt qu ln cho php. V vy vic d tnh ln tng cng ng vai tr ht sc quan trng la chn bin php x l thch hp. Hin nay d tnh ln ca nn t di tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh ngi ta dng phng php cng ln tng lp. Tuy nhin khi p dng phng php ny d tnh ln ca nn t di tc dng ca ti trng nn ng p va mt thi gian va c th c sai s ln. gii quyt vn trn, bi bo ny xy dng cng thc gii tch xc nh din tch ca biu phn b ng sut gy ln trong nn t v t lp ra cc ton cho php nhanh chng d tnh ln tng cng ca nn t di tc dng ca ti trng nn ng p. II. C S L THUYT 2.1. Cc gi thit c bn Khng xt n phn ln do bin dng ca bn thn nn p v nn p coi nh c m nn cht.

 ln tng cng ca nn t thin nhin di tc dng ca ti trng nn p S = k.Sc vi Sc l ln c kt v k l h s kinh nghim c gi tr thay i trong khong 1,1 1,7 (chiu cao p cng ln v t cng yu th k cng ln) d tnh ln tng cng cn d tnh ln c kt Sc Khi xc nh ln c kt phi tun theo gi thit nn t l bn khng gian bin dng tuyn tnh. 2.2. Phng php cng ln tng lp xc nh ln c kt Di tc dng ca ti trng nn p, ta c biu phn b ng sut bn thn v ng sut gy ln (xem hnh bn). Phm vi tnh ln Ha: nu trong nn t mt su trong vng chu nn c 1 vng cng () th ly bng chiu su ca k t mt t ti tng cng , cn trng hp khc xc nh theo iu kin ng sut do ti trng nn p gy ra ch cn bng 0,1 0,2 ng sut do trng lng bn thn. ln tng cng theo phng php cng ln tng lp: Sc =
bt

z biu phn b ng sut

S
j=1

Sj - ln c kt ca lp t phn t th j; n - s lp phn t trong phm vi tnh ln.

CT 1

Sj =

j Ej

z h j

zj: p lc gy ln trung bnh ca lp phn t j.

hj: Chiu dy ca lp phn t j Ej: m un bin dng ca lp t cha phn t j

2 1 2 j j - h s khng th nguyn, j = 1 j

j - h s n hng ca lp t cha phn t j.

Nh vy khi tnh ton ln theo phng php cng ln tng lp phi chp nhn: Chia thnh nhiu lp t phn t trong phm vi tnh ln mt thi gian. zj l gi tr p lc trung bnh ca lp phn t j c th dn n sai s ln nu ng sut gy ln z thay i mnh trong phm vi lp phn t j. V th ni dung ca phng php d tnh nhanh ln ca nn t gm:

ln c kt c tnh theo cng thc vi phn:

Ha

Sc =

Z i =1

i z dz = Ei

E
i =1 i z

Z dz

m - s lp t yu trong phm vi tnh ln Xc nh quy lut phn b ng sut gy ln z theo chiu su z v tnh din tch ca biu phn b ng sut Z dz , t d tnh c gi tr ln c kt Sc v ln tng cng

S mt cch kh chnh xc m khng cn chia thnh nhiu lp phn t.

III. PHNG PHP TNH LN NHANH 3.1. Quy lut phn b ng sut gy ln

ng sut gy ln di trc ti trng nn p hnh thang Oz su z c tnh bng cng tc dng ca ng sut gy ra do ti trng bng tit din ch nht (1) v ti trng bng tit din tam gic (2) nh hnh v: ng sut do ti trng bng tit din ch nht gy ra ti su z theo trc Oz: z1 =

a
m 1:

2b

a
1: m

O z
1

p 2 p a+b 2 z2 = a

ng sut do ti trng bng tit din tam gic gy ra ti su z theo trc Oz:
TCT1

ng sut tng:

z = z1 + 2z2 =

p 2(a + b ) 1 2 + a

1, 2: cc gc c k hiu trn hnh v 2 = 2 arctg 1 = arctg

b z

a+b b - arctg z z

2b: b rng nn ng (xc nh theo cp ng); a: b rng phn ta luy (a = m.h); m - dc taluy; h: chiu cao nn p; p: ti trng t p. Thay vo cng thc c:
z = p b a+b a+b b arctg arctg 2arctg + 2 z z a z

z =

2p a + b a+b b b a arctg z a arctg z

3.2. Xy dng cng thc xc nh din tch ca biu phn b ng sut

Z dz

t I =

Z dz z z 2p a + b a+b b b arctg dz arctg dz a 0 z a0 z

2p a + b a+b b b I= a arctg z a arctg z z

Tnh A = arctg
0

a+b a+b a+b z= dz = - a + b dt dz . t: t = z t z t2

A = - (a+b)
a+b z

arctgt t2

dt

t: arctgt = x t = tgx

dt =
a+b z

1 cos 2 x x
2

dx
arctg a +b z

arctg

A = - (a+b)
2

cos x dx = - (a+b) tg 2 x

x dx sin 2 x

t: x = u;
CT 1

1 dx = dv du = dx; v = - cotgx sin 2 x

a +b arctg z A = (a + b) x cot gx + cot gxdx = (a+b)(xcotgx ln(sinx)) 2 a+b vi cn trn x = arctg , cn di x = z 2

z a+b a + b arctg ln sin arctg A = (a + b) z z a + b Vy (a + b )2 z a+b a + b ln sin arctg arctg z z 2p a a + b I= 2 b z b b a b arctg z ln sin arctg z (a + b )2 z a+b a + b arctg ln sin arctg z z I 2 a a + b = p b2 z b b a b arctg z ln sin arctg z

 ln c kt:

Sc =

i =1

i Ei

zi

z = zi 1

z dz =

i =1

m i i I i I i 1 (I i I i 1 ) = p. Ei p i =1 E i p

zi - chiu su tnh t mt t ti y lp t th i; Ii gi tr tng ng vi z = zi T cng thc gii tch trn, hon ton c th xc nh c ln ca nn t khi bit cc yu t ca nn p (b, m, h, ) v cc c trng vt l ca cc lp t yu (i, Ei, hi)
3.3. Lp ton

thun tin trong tnh ton, t cng thc gii tch: (a + b )2 z a+b a + b ln sin arctg arctg z z I 2 a a + b = p b2 z b b a b arctg z ln sin arctg z ta lp ton tra gi tr vi cc thng s ca ton : z - chiu su tnh ton b - mt na chiu rng nn ng (c ly theo cp ng) a = h. m
15 20

I = f(z, h, m) p

Ton ng vi B = 12m (ng cp 60) Ta luy 1:1.5 25

TCT1

1/m - dc ta luy nn p (1/1 1/3) Lp cc ton ng vi cc thng s trn, cc ton c dng nh hnh bn. Trong cc ton , cc ng cong t di ln ng vi cc gi tr chiu cao p khc nhau h = 2 m, h = 4 m, h = 6 m, h = 8 m v h = 10 m
3.4. V d p dng

Gi tr I/p
10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

h - chiu cao nn ng p (2 10m)

Xc nh ln tng cng ca nn t di tc dng ca ti trng nn ng p trong trng hp sau: Nn t gm 4 lp: - Lp 1: ct dy h1 = 5 m; E1 = 1000 kN/m2; 1 = 0,72. - Lp 2: st dy h2 = 7 m; E2 = 700 kN/m2; 2 = 0,54. - Lp 3: st dy h3 = 8 m; E3 = 500 kN/m2; 3 = 0,43

Ton 1-1

- Lp 4: cng Nn ng p: b rng nn B = 12 m; taluy p 1:1.5; chiu cao p h = 4 m; vt liu p c = 18 kN/m. Phm vi tnh ln: bng chiu su tnh t mt t ti b mt lp cng Ha = 20 m. ln c kt: Sc = (S1 + S2 + S3)

S1, S2, S3 - ln c kt ca cc lp t 1, 2 v 3 S dng cng thc gii tch hoc ton xc nh cc tr s I/p ng vi z = 5, 12, 20m ta c: I1/p = 4.9; I2/p = 10.7 ; I3/p = 15,45 vi p = h. = 4.18 = 72(kN/m2) Cc tr s ln c kt ca cc lp t yu:

S1 = S2 =

1 I 0.72 p 1 = 72 4.9 = 0,255 ( m ) E1 p 1000

2 I I 0.57 p( 2 1 ) = 72 5.8 = 0,237 ( m ) E2 p p 700 I I 0.43 S3 = 3 p ( 3 2 ) = 72 4.76 = 0,148 (m) Sc = 0.64 (m). E3 p p 500
Vy ln tng cng S = k.Sc; trong bi ton ny ly k = 1,3 S = 0,83 m.
IV. NG DNG

Phng php trn c ng dng xc nh nhanh chng v kh chnh xc ln tng cng ca nn t yu di tc dng ca ti trng nn p (nh v d trn)
CT 1

Khi cn x l nn t yu, nu gi thit lp t c x l coi nh khng ln c th p dng phng php tnh ton nh trn xc nh nhanh chng ln tng cng ca nn t (sau khi c bin php x l) di tc dng ca ti trng nn p. T cho php la chn nhanh chng bin php x l thch hp nhm m bo ln tng cng nm trong gii hn cho php.
V. KT LUN

Kt qu phn tch v v d tnh ton cho thy y l phng php hu hiu xc nh ln tng cng ca nn t yu di tc dng ca ti trng nn ng p. Cc cng thc v cc ton ch p dng vi cng trnh nn ng p. Nn t l mi trng c cu trc phc tp, vic d tnh ln theo mi phng php u ch mang tnh d bo v u phi tun theo mt s gi thit c bn (nh trnh by trn).
Ti liu tham kho [1]. Pierre Laral, Nguyn Thnh Long, Nguyn Quang Chiu, V c Lc, L B Lng. Nn ng p trn t yu trong iu kin Vit nam. NXB Giao thng Vn ti [2]. Nguyn Xun Trc, Dng Hc Hi, V nh Phng. S tay thit k ng t tp II. NXB Xy dng. [3]. Nguyn Quang Chiu. Thit k v thi cng nn p trn t yu. NXB Xy dng. [4]. Dng Hc Hi, Nguyn Xun Trc. Thit k ng t tp II. NXB Gio dc. [5]. Bi Anh nh. Gio trnh c hc t. NXB Xy dng