1. Trc y, k ton thc s c thc hin nh cc nhn vin lp s vit tay vo s sch.

Previously, accounting was literally done by book-keepers writing in the books. 2. Nhng s ny tng c gi l s nht k hoc s ci k ton. These were called journals on ledgers. 3. Trong thi bui vi tnh ny, bt k ai c my vi tnh v phn mm k ton u c th lm k ton. In these days of computers, anyone with a computer and accounting software can do accounting. 4. Tuy nhin, c my vi tnh v phn mm k ton khng m bo rng chng ta hiu v k ton. However, having a computer and accounting software does not guarantee that we understand accounting. 5. Do , chng ta cn hiu k ton l g, k ton vn hnh nh th no, cc khon ghi n v ghi c l g, s nht k v s ci l g, bng cn i k ton l g, bo co thu nhp cho bit g v thng tin k ton tit l g. Therefore, we need to understand what accounting is, how accounting works, what debits and credits are, what journals and ledgers are, what a balance sheet is, what an income statement tells, and what accounting information reveals. 6. No, vy k ton chnh xc l g? Now, what exactly is accounting? 7. Trc tin, l 1 lch s bng s ca vic kinh doanh ca chng ta. First, it is a numerical history of our business. 8. Th 2, l 1 tm hnh v tnh trng ti chnh. Second, it is a photograph of our financial status. 9. V k ton lm vic nh th no? And how does accounting work? 10. Cc giao dch kinh doanh c nhp vo s sch ca chng ta, v mi khon mc bao gm 2 phn: c v n. Business transactions are entered into our books and each entry has two components: a positive and a negative. 11. Phn c c goi l khon ghi n. Phn n c goi l khon ghi c. The positive part is called a debit. The negative part is called a credit. 12. y c bit nh l lp s bt ton kp. This is known as double entry book-keeping. 13. N hot ng bi v phn c lun lun bng vi phn n. It works because the positives are always equal to the negatives. 14. iu ny gi cho ti khon ca chng ta cn bng. Hy xem iu ny c ngha g? That keeps our accounts in balance. Lets see what this means. 15. Hy cng lp 1 cng ty! Chng ta s bt u vi $20 000. Lets start a business. Well start with $20,000 in cash. 16. Vy th lm cch no chng ta gii thch n?

Great! Now, how do we account for it? 17. Trc khi chng ta bt u, chng ta cn 1 s k ton, ci m khng g hn 1 danh sch cc loi cho ti sn ca chng ta, nh tin mt, thit b v nhng th tng t. Before we start, we need a chart of accounts, which is nothing more than a listing of categories for our assets, such as cash, equipment and the same things. 18. Ti sn n, nh cc ti khon phi tr, khon vay, khon n v nhng th tng t. Liabilities, such as accounts payable, loans, debts and the like. 19. Thu nhp, nh doanh s bn hng, v ph tn, nh tin lng, tin thu v nhng th tng t. Income, such as sales, and expense, such as payroll, rent, and the like. 20. Trc khi chng ta tip tc, hy so snh khon ghi n v khon ghi c. Before we go on, lets compare a debit and a credit. 21. Tt c giao dch ca chng ta s c 2 khon mc: 1 khon ghi n v 1 khon ghi c. All of our transaction will have 2 entries: a debit and a credit. 22. V chng ta cn phi nh rng khon ghi n l phn c ca giao dch v khon ghi c l phn n ca giao dch. And we need to remember that the debit is the positive part of the transactions and the credit is the negative part of the transactions. 23. Chng ta hy quay li vi $20,000 m chng ta lp doanh nghip. Lets (go) back to the $20,000 that we started business with. 24. Chng ta cn ghi n tin mt v cn ghi c vn ch s hu. We need to write debit cash and credit equity. 25. Th nhng vn ch s hu l g? Nu chng ta l 1 cng ty hu hn th ch s hu l c phiu ph thng hoc c phiu vn. But what is the equity? If we are a limited company, the equity has common stock or capital stock.