7d064a60d95a45c5a0802656298569ea

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
HNG DN LP BO CO
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
D N SN XUT XI MNG
H Ni, 10/2009
0
Li ni u
nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) l mt cng c mang tnh khoa hc v k
thut c s dng d bo cc tc ng mi trng c kh nng xy ra bi mt d n
u t pht trin kinh t x hi, trn c s ra cc gii php v bin php nhm tng
cng cc tc ng tch cc, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc, gp phn lm cho d n
u t c bn vng trong thc t trin khai. Mc chnh xc ca vic d bo tc
ng s xy ra ph thuc vo 2 nhm cc yu t c bn, l thng tin u vo cho d
bo v phng php d bo.
V thng tin u vo, iu ct yu l phi c cc thng tin v 2 i tng chnh: mt
l, nhng ni dung ca d n c kh nng gy ra tc ng mi trng ngun gy ra tc
ng; v hai l, nhng thnh phn mi trng xung quanh, bao gm c mt s yu t v
kinh t v x hi lin quan, c kh nng b tc ng bi d n - i tng b tc ng.
Mc i hi v mc sn c ca cc thng tin u vo ny l rt khc nhau ty
thuc vo loi hnh d n, a im thc hin d n v phng php d bo p dng. V
phng php d bo cng c s ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, nh: mc sn c ca cc
thng tin u vo, loi hnh d n, a im thc hin d n
V vy, nu ch c nhng quy nh v php lut nh hin hnh th cng tc TM
Vit Nam s rt kh mang li nhng kt qu mong i v rt kh to lp c nhng c
s vng chc phc v cho s pht trin bn vng kinh t - x hi ca t nc. Vn
cp bch t ra l phi xy dng c nhng hng dn k thut v TM i vi tng
loi hnh d n u t khc nhau.
Bn hng dn ny c lp trn nguyn tc tp trung vo nhng hng dn mang
tnh k thut cho vic lp bo co TM p dng i vi loi hnh d n u t xy dng
nh my xi mng Vit Nam lm ngun ti liu tham kho cho nhiu i tng s
dng khc nhau trong lnh vc nh gi tc ng mi trng (ch d n, c quan ti tr
d n, cng ng chu tc ng tiu cc bi d n, cc t chc, c nhn tham gia lp bo
co TM, cc c quan, t chc tham gia thm nh bo co TM, kim tra, gim st vic
thc thi cc bin php bo v mi trng ca d n v cc i tng khc c lin quan).
Hng dn c xy dng vi s kt hp ca nhng kinh nghim thc t thc hin TM
i vi cc d n thuc lnh vc sn xut xi mng v cc lnh vc c lin quan khc
Vit Nam trong vng gn 15 nm qua k t khi c Lut Bo v mi trng nm 1993.
Vi tnh cht phc tp v nhiu i hi t ra v mt khoa hc v k thut nh
nu trn, bn hng dn ny chc chn cn nhng hn ch v khim khuyt. Mt khc,
cng vi s pht trin ca cng tc TM Vit Nam v trn th gii trong thi gian ti,
bn hng dn ny cng s chc chn cn nhiu im phi c tip tc cp nht. Chng
ti mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp b khuyt cho hng dn ny trong tng
lai.
Mi kin ng gp v thng tin phn hi v bn hng dn ny xin gi v Cc
Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng, Tng cc Mi trng, B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng theo a ch:
Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng
83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni
in thoi: 844-37734246
Fax: 844-37734916
1
MC LC
M U. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
I. XUT X CA D N............................................................................................................. 5
1. M u .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2. Xut x ca d n ................................................................................................................................................. 5
II. CC CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM D N ....... 5

III. NGUN S LIU, D LIU .................................................................................................. 6
1. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho ........................................................................................................................ 6
2. Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp .................................................................................................... 6
IV. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM D N ....................................... 6

1. Danh mc cc phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng ................................................................................ 6
2. Cc thit b quan trc mi trng s dng ........................................................................................................... 7
V. T CHC THC HIN TM D N .................................................................................... 7

VI. QUY TRNH THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG.................................. 8
CHNG 1. .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1. TN D N............................................................................................................................. 9
1.2. CH D N ............................................................................................................................ 9
1.3. V TR A L CA D N ................................................................................................. 9
1.3.1. V tr d n ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.3.2. Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh ......................................................................... 9
1.3.3. V tr tip gip ca d n .............................................................................................................................. 10
1.3.4. Hin trng khu t ca d n........................................................................................................................ 10
1.3.5. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n ............................................................................................................. 10
1.3.6. Nhn xt ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.4. C IM V CNG NGH SN XUT XI MNG ...................................................... 11

1.4.1. Nguyn liu v nhin liu ............................................................................................................................. 11
1.4.2. Cc cng on sn xut ................................................................................................................................ 11
1.5. CC CNG TRNH CA D N ....................................................................................... 12

1.5.1. Phn khu chc nng...................................................................................................................................... 12
1.5.2. Cc cng trnh ca d n .............................................................................................................................. 12
1.6. CC CNG TRNH H TNG K THUT CA D N ............................................... 13

1.6.1. Cng tc san nn ........................................................................................................................................... 13
1.6.2. H thng ng giao thng .......................................................................................................................... 13
1.6.3. H thng cp in ......................................................................................................................................... 13
1.6.4. H thng cp nc ........................................................................................................................................ 13
1.6.5. H thng thot nc ma ............................................................................................................................. 13
1.6.6. H thng thu gom nc thi ......................................................................................................................... 13
1.6.7. Trm x l nc thi .................................................................................................................................... 14
1.6.8. Khu lu gi cht thi rn .............................................................................................................................. 14
1.6.9. Phng n thi cng ....................................................................................................................................... 14
1.7. CHI PH U T CA D N .......................................................................................... 14

1.7.1. Tng chi ph u t ca d n ...................................................................................................................... 14
1.7.2. Chi ph cho tng hng mc u t ca d n .............................................................................................. 14
1.8. T CHC QUN L D N .............................................................................................. 14

1.9. TIN THC HIN D N ............................................................................................ 14
CHNG 2. .................................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.1. CC IU KIN T NHIN KHU VC D N .............................................................. 15

2
2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht ......................................................................................................................... 15

2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng, thu vn ................................................................................................................. 15
2.2. HIN TRNG CC THNH PHN MI TRNG T NHIN ..................................... 18

2.2.1. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc mt ............................................................................................... 19
2.2.2. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc di t ........................................................................................ 20
2.2.3. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc bin ven b .................................................................................. 21
2.2.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh .............................................................................................. 22
2.2.5. Hin trng ting n ....................................................................................................................................... 23
2.2.6. Hin trng rung ng .................................................................................................................................... 24
2.2.7. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t .......................................................................................................... 25
2.2.8. Hin trng cht lng trm tch ................................................................................................................... 26
2.2.9. H sinh thi trn cn ..................................................................................................................................... 26
2.2.10. H sinh thi di nc ............................................................................................................................... 27
2.3. IU KIN KINH T - X HI .......................................................................................... 27

2.3.1. iu kin v kinh t khu vc ....................................................................................................................... 27
2.3.2. iu kin v x hi khu vc ......................................................................................................................... 27
CHNG 3. .................................................................................................................................................................. 31
3.1. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON LP D N ............................................ 31

3.1.1. nh gi vic la chn a im xy dng .................................................................................................. 31
3.1.2. nh gi cng ngh sn xut xi mng ......................................................................................................... 31
3.1.3. nh gi v mt bng dy chuyn sn xut ................................................................................................. 32
3.1.4. Dng thi t cc cng on sn sut xi mng .............................................................................................. 32
3.2. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON GPMB ...................................................... 32

3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi ................................................................................................ 32
3.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi ..................................................................................... 33
3.2.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng ............................................................................. 33
3.2.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng ................................................................................................................. 33
3.3. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG....................................... 34

3.3.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng ................................................................................. 36
3.3.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng ................................................................................................................. 39
3.4. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON HOT NG CA D N ................................. 39

3.4.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng ................................................................................................................ 44
3.4.4. i tng v quy m chu tc ng ............................................................................................................. 44
3.4.5. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh ........................................................................................ 44
3.4.6. nh gi kh nng chu ti mi trng ca d n ....................................................................................... 51
3.4.7. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng nc ................................................................................................ 51
3.4.8. nh gi tc ng do cht thi rn ............................................................................................................... 52
3.4.9. nh gi tc ng ca ting n .................................................................................................................... 52
3.4.10. nh gi tc ng ti sc kho con ngi................................................................................................. 53
3.4.11. nh gi ri ro mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh ................................................................................ 53
3.4.12. nh gi s c mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh ................................................................................ 53
CHNG 4 ................................................................................................................................................................... 55
4.1. NGUYN TC ...................................................................................................................... 55

4.2. GII PHP BVMT T KHI LP D N U T ........................................................... 55
4.2.1. B tr mt bng sn xut ............................................................................................................................... 55
3
4.2.2. Phn khu chc nng cc hng mc cng trnh k thut .............................................................................. 55
4.2.3. Gii php kin trc v kt cu cng trnh .................................................................................................... 56
4.3. GII PHP BVMT TRONG THI CNG XY DNG ....................................................... 56

4.3.1. Gim thiu tc ng trong san lp to mt bng.......................................................................................... 56
4.3.2. Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh.................................................................................................. 56
4.3.3. Gim thiu ting n v rung ng ................................................................................................................ 56
4.3.4. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi ................................................................................................................. 56
4.3.5. Gim thiu nhim do nc ra tri b mt ............................................................................................... 56
4.3.6. Bin php kim sot nhim do cht thi rn trong xy dng ................................................................... 57
4.3.7. Bin php t chc thi cng xy lp .............................................................................................................. 57
4.3.8. Bin php gim thiu cc tc ng khc ...................................................................................................... 57
4.4. GII PHP BVMT TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG................................................... 57

4.4.1. Gii php ngn nga nhim v s c ........................................................................................................ 57
4.4.2. Kim sot kh thi ......................................................................................................................................... 57
4.4.3. Kim sot nc thi ...................................................................................................................................... 58
4.4.4. Kim sot nhim ting n.......................................................................................................................... 61
4.4.5. Kim sot cht thi rn ................................................................................................................................. 61
4.4.6. p dng sn xut snh hn trong sn xut xi mng .................................................................................... 62
4.4.7. Cc gii php phng nga v ng cu s c mi trng ............................................................................ 63
4.5. CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG ...................................................................... 63

4.5.1. Cng trnh x l kh thi .............................................................................................................................. 63
4.5.2. Cng trnh x l nc thi ........................................................................................................................... 63
4.5.3. Cng trnh x l ting n v rung ................................................................................................................ 63
4.5.4. Cng trnh x l cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi .................................................................................... 63
4.5.5. D ton kinh ph cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng ............................................................................... 63
4.6. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG ......................................... 64

4.6.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng ................................................................................................................ 64
4.6.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng ............................................................................................................... 65
CHNG 5. .................................................................................................................................................................. 67
5.1. CAM KT TUN TH PHNG N THIT K QUY HOCH..................................... 67

5.2. CAM KT THC HIN CC BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG TRONG GIAI
ON LP D N U T .............................................................................................. 67
ON THI CNG XY DNG .......................................................................................... 67
ON HOT NG CA D N ..................................................................................... 67
5.5. CAM KT TUN TH CC TIU CHUN MI TRNG BT BUC P DNG .... 68
5.6. CAM KT GIM ST MI TRNG ............................................................................... 68
5.7. THAM VN CNG NG .................................................................................................. 68
5.7.1. Mc tiu ........................................................................................................................................................ 68
5.7.2. La chn k thut tham vn cng ng ....................................................................................................... 68
5.7.3. Bin php tham vn cng ng .................................................................................................................... 69
KT LUN. ................................................................................................................................................................... 79
I. KT LUN ................................................................................................................................ 79
II. KIN NGH .............................................................................................................................. 79
PH LC. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 80
M U.
Xut x ca d n, cc cn c php lut
v k thut, t chc thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng
I. XUT X CA D N
1. M u
Theo quy nh ti iu 19, Mc 2, Lut BVMT do Quc hi Nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam ban hnh ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 v c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy
01 thng 07 nm 2006, Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006,
Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph v
Hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut BVMT, th cc d n u t pht trin
kinh t x hi phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) trnh C
quan Qun l Nh nc ph duyt.
Bn hng dn k thut lp bo co TM ny nhm tr gip vic lp v thm
nh bo co TM i vi i tng l cc d n nh my xi mng.
2. Xut x ca d n
- Tm tt v xut x, hon cnh ra i v s cn thit ca d n u t.
- Nu r l loi d n mi, d n b sung, d n m rng, d n iu chnh hay
d n loi khc.
- C quan, t chc c thm quyn duyt d n u t.
- Khng nh d n phi c tin hnh lp bo co TM.
II. CC CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN
TM D N
- Cc cn c php lut :
Lit k cc vn bn php lut lm cn c cho vic thc hin TM v lp bo
co TM d n.
- Cc cn c k thut :
Lit k cc vn bn k thut lm cn c cho vic thc hin TM v lp bo co
TM d n.
III. NGUN S LIU, D LIU

1. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho
- Lit k cc ti liu, d liu tham kho vi cc thng s v tn gi, xut x thi
gian, tc gi, ni lu gi hoc ni pht hnh ca ti liu, d liu.
- nh gi mc chi tit, tin cy, tnh cp nht ca ngun ti liu, d liu.
Tng hp vo bng theo mu sau :
Bng : Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho
TT
Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho
nh gi tin cy
2. Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp

- Lit k cc ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp, xut x thi gian, a im
m ti liu, d liu c to lp.
- nh gi mc chi tit, tin cy, tnh cp nht ca ti liu, d liu to lp.
Tng hp vo bng theo mu sau :
Bng : Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n to lp
TT
Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho
nh gi tin cy
IV. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM D N

1. Danh mc cc phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng
- Phng php thng k : Phng php ny nhm thu thp v x l cc s liu
kh tng thu vn v kinh t x hi ti khu vc d n.
- Phng php tham vn cng ng : c s dng trong qu trnh phng vn
ly kin ca lnh o U ban Nhn dn, U ban Mt trn T quc cp x v
cng ng dn c xung quanh khu vc d n.
- Phng php iu tra kho st v ly mu hin trng : Phng php nhm
xc nh v tr cc im o v ly mu cc thng s mi trng phc v cho vic
phn tch v nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng khu vc d n.
- Phng php phn tch v x l s liu trong phng th nghim : c thc
hin theo quy nh ca TCVN 1995 phn tch cc thng s mi trng phc
v cho vic nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng khu vc d n.
6
- Phng php so snh : Dng nh gi cc tc ng trn c s Tiu chun

Vit Nam v mi trng TCVN 1995 v TCVN 2005.
- Phng php ma trn : Xy dng ma trn tng tc gia hot ng xy dng,
qu trnh s dng v cc tc ng ti cc yu t mi trng xem xt ng
thi nhiu tc ng.
- Phng php nh gi nhanh : c thc hin theo quy nh ca T chc Y
t Th gii (WHO) nhm c tnh ti lng ca cc cht nhim trong kh thi
v nc thi nh gi cc tc ng ca d n ti mi trng.
- Phng php m hnh ho : S dng m hnh tnh ton d bo nng
trung bnh ca cc cht nhim trong kh thi v nc thi t cc ngun thi
ca cng ngh sn xut xi mng vo mi trng.
- Phng php phn tch tng hp xy dng bo co : Phn tch, tng hp cc
tc ng ca d n n cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin v kinh t x hi
khu vc thc hin d n.
2. Cc thit b quan trc mi trng s dng
Thit b quan trc mi trng nc c s dng
Lit k cc loi thit b quan trc, ly mu v phn tch cc thng s mi trng
nc s dng phc v cho cng tc TM d n.
Thit b quan trc v phn tch mi trng khng kh c s dng
Lit k cc loi thit b quan trc, ly mu v phn tch cc thng s mi trng
khng kh s dng phc v cho cng tc TM d n.
Thit b o v quan trc ting n
Lit k cc loi thit b quan trc, o c cc thng s ting n s dng phc
v cho cng tc TM d n.
V. T CHC THC HIN TM D N
- Nu t chc thc hin TM v lp bo co TM ca ch d n, trong ch
r vic c thu hay khng thu dch v t vn lp bo co TM d n.
- Trng hp c thu dch v t vn lp bo co TM d n, cn nu r :
+ Tn c quan cung cp dch v ( c ng k ti Vit Nam).
7
+ a ch vn phng ti Vit Nam.

+ Tn ngi i din cao nht ca c quan cung cp dch v.
+ Chc v ngi i din.
+ S in thoi v s fax ti Vit Nam.
- Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM d n (gm c
ngi ca n v ch u t v ngi ca n v t vn) :
+ H tn, n v v Chc v.
+ Trnh chuyn mn.
VI. QUY TRNH THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
Trn c s cc quy nh ca Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005, Ngh nh
80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006, Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP
ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph, bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng d n nh my xi mng c thc hin vi cc bc sau :
- Bc 1 : Nghin cu d n u t.
- Bc 2 : Nghin cu v cc iu kin t nhin v KTXH ti khu vc d n.
- Bc 3 : Kho st, o c v nh gi HTMT ti khu vc d n.
- Bc 4 : Xc nh cc ngun gy tc ng, i tng, quy m b tc ng,
phn tch v nh gi cc tc ng ca d n ti mi trng.
- Bc 5 : Xy dng cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu, phng nga v
ng ph s c mi trng ca d n.
- Bc 6 : Xy dng cc cng trnh XLMT, chng trnh QL&GSMT.
- Bc 7 : Lp d ton kinh ph cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng.
- Bc 8 : T chc tham vn ly kin ca UBND v UBMTTQ x, phng.
- Bc 9 : Xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n.
- Bc 10 : Trnh thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n.
CHNG 1.
M t tm tt d n
1.1. TN D N
- Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co u t d n.
- Tn d n vit bng ch in hoa.
1.2. CH D N
- Tn ch u t d n ( c ng k ti Vit Nam), bng ch in hoa.
- a ch lin h : Vn phng ti Vit Nam.
- S in thoi v s fax ti Vit Nam.
- Tn ngi i din cao nht ca d n.
- Quc tch : ghi r quc tch ngi i din.
- Chc v : ghi r chc v ngi i din.
1.3. V TR A L CA D N
1.3.1. V tr d n
- a danh ni thc hin d n.
- Cc mc ranh gii ca d n : ghi r to v tr khu t ca d n.
- Cc hnh nh, s , bn th hin v tr d n trn a bn khu vc v cc
i tng xung quanh d n nh cc KCN, CCN, cc nh my, cc khu dn c
trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ho c
gi tr, mng li giao thng, mng li sng sui...
1.3.2. Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh
Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh c c tnh c th
ti :
- Cc nh my xung quanh gn nht.
- Cc khu dn c xung quanh gn nht.
- Cc cng trnh, h tng c s phc v trin khai thc hin d n : ngun nc,
ngun in, x l cht thi...
- Cc i tng nhy cm : Cc khu vc bo tn, bo tng, khu sinh thi nhy
cm, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ho...
- Cc i tng khc nh sn bay, cu cng...
9
1.3.3. V tr tip gip ca d n

Nu r cc i tng tip gip vi d n (da trn bo co u t ca d n v
qua qu trnh kho st) :
- Pha Bc,
- Pha ng,
- Pha Nam,
- Pha Ty.
1.3.4. Hin trng khu t ca d n
Hin trng khu t ca d n cn nu r (da trn bo co u t ca d n v
qua qu trnh kho st) :
- Thng k hin trng s dng t : mc ch s dng t, din tch.
- Thng k s lng nh trong khu vc d n : loi nh, s lng.
- Thng k s h dn trong khu vc d n : s h dn ang sinh sng, s h dn
c t canh tc.
- Ngun ti nguyn, khong sn c gi tr khu vc d n.
1.3.5. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n
- Tng thu cho ngn sch.
- Thc y s pht trin ca cc ngnh kinh t lin quan.
- To cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng.
- To kim ngch xut khu v gp phn gia tng GDP ca a phng.
- Gp phn thc y pht trin sn xut cng nghip a phng.
- To ng lc thc y sn xut, thng mi, dch v v giao thng kinh t.
1.3.6. Nhn xt
- V tr d n ph hp hay khng ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin chung ca
vng, ca khu vc.
- Nhng kh khn v thun li khi thc hin d n ti v tr quy hoch, c th v
cc vn n b, gii phng mt bng, tiu thot nc ma v nc thi, thu
gom v x l cht thi...
- Cc vn v x hi ti khu vc d n.
- Cc vn nhy cm v mi trng khu vc d n.
10
1.4. C IM V CNG NGH SN XUT XI MNG

1.4.1. Nguyn liu v nhin liu
Nguyn liu
- Thnh phn vi.
- Thnh phn st.
- Thnh phn cc cht ph gia...
Nhin liu
- Thnh phn du.
- Thnh phn than ...
1.4.2. Cc cng on sn xut
Chun b nguyn liu
- Phng php t.
- Phng php kh.
- Phng php bn kh.
Cng on p, vn chuyn v tn tr vi, st
+ p vi.
+ p st.
+ Kho cha vi, st.
Cng on tip nhn, gia cng v cha cc ph gia, nhin liu
+ Than.
+ Thch cao.
+ Qung st.
+ Ph gia.
Cng on nghin liu
+ My nghin.
+ Cng sut.
Cng on sil ng nht v cp liu l
+ Sil ng nht.
+ H thng cp liu l.
Cng on l nung
11
+ L nung.
+ H thng thp trao i nhit cyclon.
+ H thng lm ngui.
Cng on nghin than
+ My nghin.
+ Cng sut.
Cng on vn chuyn v cha clinker
+ Sil cha sn phm.
+ C cu sn phm.
Cng on nghin xi mng
+ My nghin.
+ Nng lc nghin.
Cng on ng bao v xut xi mng
+ H thng my ng bao.
+ H thng xut xi mng bao.
+ H thng xut xi mng ri.
Cng on sn xut clinker
+ Cng sut thit k.
+ H thng xut clinker.
S cng ngh sn xut xi mng
1.5. CC CNG TRNH CA D N
1.5.1. Phn khu chc nng
- M t c cu khng gian nh my theo tng hng mc cng trnh trn mt
bng s dng t (bn v tng mt bng nh my).
- Mi hng mc cng trnh phi th hin r v tr xy dng, din tch v hng
ca cc cng trnh.
1.5.2. Cc cng trnh ca d n
Ngoi nhng trnh by khi qut v c im v quy m cng trnh ca d n,
cn trnh by r cc ni dung sau :
- M t chi tit cu trc mt bng cng trnh,
- c im cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n (k c cc cng trnh ph tr).
12
1.6. CC CNG TRNH H TNG K THUT CA D N

1.6.1. Cng tc san nn
- Cao nn t t nhin theo h chun quc gia.
- Cao nn t thit k.
- Loi vt liu san nn, khi lng, phng php vn chuyn, san nn.
1.6.2. H thng ng giao thng
- Giao thng bn ngoi nh my : cc tuyn ng ni nh my vi bn ngoi.
- Giao thng trong nh my : chiu di, l gii, chiu rng (mt ng, h...).
- Bn v km theo th hin r mng li giao thng ca d n.
1.6.3. H thng cp in
- Tng nhu cu s dng in.
- Ngun cp in (k c h thng pht in d phng).
- Tng hp mng li phn phi in : hng mc, n v, khi lng.
1.6.4. H thng cp nc
- Tng nhu cu s dng nc.
- Ngun cp nc (k c khai thc nc ngm).
- Tng hp mng li cp nc : hng mc, n v, khi lng.
- Bn v km theo th hin r mng li cp nc ca d n.
1.6.5. H thng thot nc ma
- Hng tuyn thot nc ma.
- Ngun tip nhn nc ma.
- Quy cch xy dng.
- Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc ma : n v, khi lng.
- Bn v km theo th hin r h thng thot nc ma ca d n.
1.6.6. H thng thu gom nc thi
- Hng tuyn thot nc thi.
- Ngun tip nhn nc thi.
- Quy cch xy dng.
13
- Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc thi : hng mc, n v, khi lng
- Bn v km theo th hin r h thng thot nc thi ca d n.
1.6.7. Trm x l nc thi
- Lu lng nc thi. V tr trm x l nc thi trn tng mt bng nh my.
- Tiu chun nc thi u vo, tiu chun nc thi u ra.
- Ngun tip nhn nc thi sau x l (im x nc thi ra ngun tip nhn).
1.6.8. Khu lu gi cht thi rn
- Chc nng.
- Din tch.
1.6.9. Phng n thi cng
Trong phn ny cn trnh by c th cc phng n thi cng v phng n cung
cp nguyn vt liu phc v cho thi cng cng trnh ca d n, khi lng v
phng php thi cng o v lp t.
- Thi cng mng.
- Thi cng nh xng.
1.7. CHI PH U T CA D N
1.7.1. Tng chi ph u t ca d n
Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hoc bo co u t ca d n.
1.7.2. Chi ph cho tng hng mc u t ca d n
Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hoc bo co u t ca d n.
1.8. T CHC QUN L D N
- Qun l d n (th hin trn s ).
- Nhn lc thc hin.
- B phn chuyn trch v mi trng.
1.9. TIN THC HIN D N
Nu c th lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t giai on
chun b n giai on hon thnh a nh my vo hot ng.
14
CHNG 2.
iu kin t nhin,
mi trng v kinh t x hi khu vc d n
2.1. CC IU KIN T NHIN KHU VC D N
Hot ng ca ngnh cng nghip sn xut xi mng pht thi mt lng kh thi
ln c cha cc cht kh c hi vi nng cao nh kh SO2, CO, CO2, NOx.
Qu trnh lan truyn, pht tn v chuyn ho cc cht nhim trong kh thi ph
thuc rt nhiu vo cc iu kin t nhin khu vc. Do , trong nh gi tc
ng mi trng D n nh my xi mng cn phi c nhng nh gi y v
hin trng iu kin t nhin khu vc bao gm :
2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht
V tr khu t ca d n
- Mt bng khu t.
- Cao a hnh.
a cht cng trnh
- Tnh cht vt l ca cc lp t .
- Tnh cht c hc ca cc lp t .
a cht thu vn
- Tr lng nc di t.
- Cht lng nc di t.
Nhn xt
- nh gi kh nng chu ti ca khu vc d n.
- nh gi gi tr ngun ti nguyn nc di t v kh nng b nhim do
hot ng ca d n gy ra.
2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng, thu vn
Qu trnh lan truyn v chuyn ho cc cht nhim ph thuc rt nhiu vo
iu kin kh hu ti khu vc d n. Cc yu t l :
- Nhit khng kh v m tng i ca khng kh
- Lng ma, nng v bc x mt tri.
15
- Tc gi v hng gi.
- Mt s hin tng kh tng c th nh sng m, bo l, ging...
V iu kin thi tit kh hu khu vc d n phi da vo ngun s liu thng
k ti cc Trm Kh tng gn v tr d n v thuc a bn ni d n s c
xy dng. S liu phi c thng k trong vng t 5-10 nm gn nht vi cc
c trng sau :
Nhit khng kh
Nhit khng kh c nh hng n s lan truyn v chuyn ho cc cht
nhim trong khng kh gn mt t v ngun nc. Cc gi tr c trng v
nhit khng kh (s liu trong 10 nm) nh sau :
Bng : Nhit trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d n
n v tnh : oC
Thng
Trm-nm
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Trung bnh
Ngun : Trm Kh tng - Thu vn.
m khng kh
m ca khng kh ln to iu kin cho vi sinh vt t mt t pht tn vo
khng kh pht trin nhanh chng, lan truyn trong khng kh v chuyn ho cc
cht nhim trong khng kh gy nhim mi trng. Cc gi tr c trng v
m ti khu vc d n (s liu trong 10 nm) nh sau :
Bng : m tng i trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d n
n v tnh : %
Thng
Trm-nm
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Trung bnh
Nng v bc x
Ch nng lin quan cht ch vi ch bc x v tnh trng my. Cc thng
s c trng v nng (s liu trong 10 nm) ca khu vc nh sau :
- Tng s gi nng trung bnh nm.
- Thng c s gi nng trung bnh ln nht.
16
- Thng c s gi nng trung bnh thp nht.

Bng : S gi nng trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d n
n v tnh : gi
Thng
Trm-nm
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Trung bnh
Tc gi v hng gi
Gi l yu t kh tng c bn nht c nh hng n s lan truyn cc cht
nhim trong khng kh v lm xo trn cc cht nhim trong nc. Cc thng
s c trng v tc gi v hng gi (s liu trong 10 nm) khu vc d n
nh sau :
- Vn tc gi trung bnh nm.
- Vn t gi trung bnh thng ln nht.
- Vn t gi trung bnh thng nh nht.
- Hng gi ch o v ma h.
- Hng gi ch o v ma ng.
Bng : Tc gi trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d n
n v tnh : m/s
Thng
Trm-nm
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Trung bnh
Lng ma
Ma c tc dng lm sch mi trng khng kh v pha long cht thi lng.
Cc thng s c trng ti vng d n (s liu trong 10 nm) nh sau :
- Lng ma trung bnh nm.
- Lng ma trung bnh thng cao nht.
- Lng ma trung bnh thng thp nht.
Bng : Lng ma trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d n
n v tnh : mm
Thng
Trm-nm
II
III
IV
V
17
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Trung bnh
bn vng kh quyn
bn vng kh quyn c xc nh theo tc gi v bc x mt tri vo
ban ngy v che ph my vo ban m. Da vo bng sau xc nh n
nh kh quyn ca khu vc d n.
Bng : Phn loi bn vng kh quyn (Pasquill, 1961)
Tc gi ti
cao
10m (m/s)
<2
2-3
3-5
5-6
>6
Ghi ch :
Bc x mt tri ban ngy

my ban m
It my
Nhiu my
Yu
Trung bnh
Mnh
< 4/8
> 4/8
( cao mt ( cao mt ( cao mt
tri 15-35)
tri 35-60)
tri >60)
B
A-B
A
F
E
C
B
A-B
E
D
C
B-C
B
D
D
D
C-D
C
D
D
D
D
C
A - Rt khng bn vng
D - Trung ho
B - Khng bn vng loi trung bnh
E - Bn vng trung bnh
C - Khng bn vng loi yu
F - Bn vng
c im ch thu vn khu vc d n
M t mng li thu vn ti khu vc d n, c th l ngun tip nhn nc
ma v nc thi ca d n. c im ch thu vn phi th hin c cc
c trng sau :
- Tn sng, sui.
- Hnh thi v c trng : chiu di, rng, su, lu lng, dng chy, tc
dng chy...
2.2. HIN TRNG CC THNH PHN MI TRNG T NHIN
Cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin bao gm thnh phn vt l (khng kh,
ting n, rung, nc mt, nc di t, nc bin ven b, t v trm tch) v
thnh phn sinh hc (ng vt, thc vt, h sinh thi di nc v h sinh thi
trn cn, ng vt hoang d v thc vt qu him). Cc thnh phn mi trng
t nhin s chu tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip trong thi gian ngn hay di
ca qu trnh thc hin d n. Do vy vic nh gi cc thnh phn mi trng
t nhin trc khi thc hin d n s gip cho cc nh qun l s b nh gi
c sc chu ti mi trng ca khu vc d n, cng nh d bo din bin mi
trng khu vc khi d n i vo hot ng.
18
Cc s liu quan trc cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin c th ly t nhiu

ngun t liu khc nhau t cc Trm Quan trc mi trng Quc gia v tnh
thnh, cc cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc, kho st trong nhiu nm c
cng b chnh thc hoc d n t tin hnh quan trc mi trng. S liu quan
trc mi trng phi c cp nht ti thi im lp d n.
Mi trng nn l mi trng khu vc trc khi thc hin d n v s chu tc
ng ca qu trnh thc hin d n. nh gi mi trng nn l qu trnh xc
nh hin trng mi trng ca khu vc m d n d nh s thc hin. Do vy
phn ni dung ny phi th hin c mt cch nh lng cc thnh phn mi
trng nn cu khu vc thng qua cc s liu quan trc, o c cc ch tiu mi
trng s chu tc ng trc tip ca d n trong tng lai. Cc s liu mi
trng nn s l c s kim sot, nh gi tnh hiu qu ca cng tc TM
sau ny. S liu mi trng nn cn t tiu chun cht lng sau :
- C tin cy, r rng v phi r ngun gc xut x.
- Cc s liu, ti liu phi bao gm nhng yu t, thnh phn mi trng trong
khu vc chu tc ng trc tip hay gin tip ca d n.
- Cc s liu phi c x l s b, h thng ho, r rng gip cho ngi phn
tch tng hp, nhn nh c im ca vng nghin cu.
- Phng php o lng kho st, phn tch, thng k phi tun th cc quy nh
ca cc h thng Tiu chun Vit Nam v Mi trng (TCVN).
- Ch tin hnh thu thp, o c, iu tra cc s liu v mi trng v ti nguyn
thin nhin nhng khu vc c lin quan trc tip hoc gin tip n d n v
nhng ch tiu mi trng s b tc ng bi d n.
2.2.1. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc mt
Cc ngun nc ch yu trong khu vc
- Nc sng, sui, ao h,
- Nc knh mng thu li,
- Nc bin ven b,
Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc khu vc d n
- Ly mu nc mt :
+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc mt : m t r im quan trc ly mu
trn sng sui no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n.
19
+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, to im ly mu.

+ Thi gian ly mu v phng php ly mu.
+ Phng php o c v phn tch cho tng thng s mi trng nc.
- Cc thng s phn tch nc mt :
Nhit nc, pH, DO, SS, BOD5, COD, NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, Zn, Pb, As, Cd,
Du m, Coliform.
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt c th hin theo mu bng sau :
Bng : Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nc mt
STT Thng s phn tch
n v
Mu
W1
Mu
W2
Mu
W3
TCVN
5942-1995
o
1 Nhit nc
C
2 pH
3 SS
mg/l
4 DO
mg/l
5 BOD5
mg/l
6 COD
mg/l
+
7 NH4
mg/l
8 NO2mg/l
9 NO3mg/l
10 Zn
mg/l
11 Pb
mg/l
12 As
mg/l
13 Cd
mg/l
14 Du m
mg/l
15 Coliforms
MPN/100ml
Ghi ch : TCVN 5942-1995 (A hoc B) - Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng nc mt.
- Nhn xt :
+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN.
+ Kt lun v cht lng nc mt ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn
2.2.2. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc di t
Cc ngun nc ch yu trong khu vc
- Nc ging o (mch nng).
- Nc ging khoan.
Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc khu vc d n
- Ly mu nc di t :
20
+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc di t : m t r im quan trc ly
mu l ging khoan hay ging o, su, tn ch h, a ch.
+ Thi gian ly mu, phng php ly mu v phn tch.
- Cc thng s phn tch nc di t :
pH, cng theo CaCO3, TSS, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Coliform.
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc i t c th hin theo mu bng sau :
Bng : Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nc di t
STT
Thng s phn tch
n v
Mu
GW1
Mu
GW2
Mu
GW3
TCVN
5944-1995
1 pH
2 cng theo CaCO3
mg/l
3 TSS
mg/l
4 NO3
mg/l
5 SO42mg/l
6 PO43mg/l
7 Cl
mg/l
8 Zn
mg/l
9 Pb
mg/l
10 As
mg/l
11 Cd
mg/l
12 Coliforms
MPN/100ml
Ghi ch : TCVN 5944-1995 - Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng nc ngm.
- Nhn xt :
+ Kt lun v cht lng nc di t khu vc d n, phn tch nguyn nhn.
2.2.3. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc bin ven b
Ly mu nc bin ven b
+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc bin ven b : m t r im quan trc
ly mu trn b bin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n.
+ Thi gian ly mu, phng php ly mu v phng php phn tch.
- Cc thng s phn tch nc bin ven b :
Nhit nc, pH, DO, SS, BOD5, NH4+, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Du m, Coliform.
21
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc bin ven b th hin theo mu bng sau :
Bng : Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nc bin ven b
STT Thng s phn tch
n v
Mu
W1
Mu
W2
Mu
W3
TCVN
5943-1995
o
1 Nhit nc
C
2 pH
3 SS
mg/l
4 DO
mg/l
5 BOD5
mg/l
+
6 NH4
mg/l
7 Zn
mg/l
8 Pb
mg/l
9 As
mg/l
10 Cd
mg/l
11 Du m
mg/l
12 Coliforms
MPN/100ml
Ghi ch : TCVN 5943-1995 - Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng nc bin ven b.
- Nhn xt :
+ Kt lun v cht lng nc bin ven b ti khu vc d n v phn tch
nguyn nhn.
2.2.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh
Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh
- Bi TSP, kh CO, SO2, NO2 do hot ng giao thng trong khu vc d n.
- Bi TSP, kh c CO, CO2, SO2, NO2 do cng ngh sn xut xi mng.
- Bi v kh c do sinh hot ca nhn dn trong vng.
Hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d n
- Ly mu khng kh :
+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu khng kh : m t r im quan trc ly mu
nm bn trong hay bn ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch t
v tr ly mu n v tr d n v v pha no. Phi c im cc khu dn c
xung quanh theo hng gi ch o v cc ma.
+ Phng php o c v phn tch cho tng thng s mi trng khng kh.
22
- Cc thng s phn tch :

Nhit , m, hng gi, vn tc gi, p sut kh quyn.
- Cc thng s phn tch : Bi TSP, Bi PM10, Kh CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, H2S
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh c th hin theo mu cc bng sau :
Bng : S liu quan trc kh tng
Thi gian
quan trc
Hng gi
Vn tc gi
(m/s)
Nhit
(oC)
m
(%)
p sut
(mbar)
Bng : Gi tr trung bnh nng cc cht kh v bi

im
CO
CO2
NO2
H2S
TSP
PM10
SO2
(mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3)
quan trc
A1
A2
A3
TCVN
5937-2005 (24h)*
Ghi ch : (*) Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh (24h).
- Nhn xt :
+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN 5937-2005 (TB 24h).
+ Kt lun v cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n v phn tch
nguyn nhn.
2.2.5. Hin trng ting n
Cc ngun gy ting n
- Hot ng giao thng trong khu vc d n v sinh hot ca nhn dn.
- Hot ng sn xut xi mng.
Hin trng ting n khu vc d n
- o ting n :
+ V tr cc im o c ting n : cng vi im quan trc ly mu mi trng
khng kh.
+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im o, to im o ting n.
+ Thi gian o v phng php o.
23
- Cc thng s phn tch ting n tch phn : LAeq, LAmax (dBA).

- Cc thng s phn tch ting n theo cc di Octa : 63-16000Hz.
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch ting n c th hin theo mu cc bng sau :
Bng : Gi tr trung bnh ting n
im quan trc
Mc m (dBA)
LAeq
LAmax
N1
N2
TCVN 5949-1998
Ghi ch : TCVN 5949-1998 : Gii hn ti a cho php ting n ti khu dn c (khu vc 2).
Bng : Gi tr trung bnh ca ting n theo cc di Octa

im
quan trc
63
Hz
125
Hz
Mc n cc di Octa (dBA)
250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 16000
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
NO1
NO2
NO3
TCCP 3733-2002/QBYT
Ghi ch : TCCP 3733-2002/Q-BYT : Mc n cho php theo cc di Octa.
- Nhn xt :
+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN v TCCP ca BYT.
+ Kt lun v ting n ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.
2.2.6. Hin trng rung ng
Cc ngun gy rung ng
- Hot ng giao thng trong khu vc d n.
- Hot ng sn xut trong khu vc.
- Sinh hot ca nhn dn trong vng.
Hin trng mc rung khu vc d n
- o mc rung :
+ V tr cc im o mc rung : cng vi im quan trc ly mu mi trng
khng kh.
+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im o, to im o mc rung.
24
+ Thi gian o v phng php o.

- Cc thng s phn tch mc rung : Lva(x), Lva(y), Lva(z)
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch mc rung c th hin theo mu bng sau :
Bng : Gi tr trung bnh mc rung
im quan trc
Lva(x)
Mc rung (dBA)
Lva(y)
Lva(z)
V1
V2
V3
TCVN 6962-2001
Ghi ch : TCVN 6962-2001 : Mc rung ti a cho php i vi mi trng khu cng cng v
khu dn c.
- Nhn xt :
+ Kt lun v mc rung ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.
2.2.7. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t
- Ly mu t :
+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu t : m t r im quan trc ly mu l loi
t g, su, nm trong hay ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong
cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n v nm v pha no.
+ Phng php o c v phn tch cho tng thng s mi trng t.
- Cc thng s phn tch mi trng t :
pHKCL, Tng N, Tng P, Du, Zn, Pb, As, Cd.
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch mi trng t th hin theo mu bng sau :
Bng : Cht lng mi trng t
im
quan trc
S1
S2
S3
pHkcl
Tng N
Tng P
Du
25
Zn
Pb
n v tnh : mg/kg
As
Cd
TCVN
7209-2002*
Ghi ch : (*) Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng mi trng t.
- Nhn xt :
+ Kt lun v cht lng t ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.
2.2.8. Hin trng cht lng trm tch
- Ly mu trm tch :
+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu trm tch : m t r im quan trc ly mu
sng sui hay b bin, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n.
- Cc thng s phn tch trm tch :
pHKCL, Tng N, Tng P, Du, Zn, Pb, As, Cd.
- Kt qu phn tch :
Kt qu phn tch trm tch th hin theo mu bng sau :
Bng : Cht lng trm tch
im
pHkcl Tng N Tng P
Du
Zn
quan trc
S1
S2
TCVN 1995*
Ghi ch : (*) Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng trm tch.
Pb
n v tnh : mg/kg
As
Cd
- Nhn xt :
+ Kt lun v cht lng bn y ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.
2.2.9. H sinh thi trn cn
Thu thp thng tin t liu iu tra c bn ca vng v kho st ti ch b sung
bao gm :
- H thc vt : cc loi thc vt chim u th, cc loi thc vt qu him.
- H ng vt : cc loi ng vt chim u th, cc loi ng vt hoang d, cc
loi ng vt c trong sch .
- nh gi mc nhy cm ca h sinh thi trn cn.
26
2.2.10. H sinh thi di nc

Thu thp thng tin t liu iu tra c bn ca vng v kho st ti ch b sung
bao gm :
- Thc vt phiu sinh : thnh phn loi, s lng, mt , loi chim u th.
- ng vt phiu sinh : thnh phn loi, s lng, mt , loi chim u th.
- ng vt y : thnh phn loi, s lng, mt , cc loi chim u th.
- nh gi mc nhy cm ca h sinh thi di nc.
2.3. IU KIN KINH T - X HI
2.3.1. iu kin v kinh t khu vc
- Tm tt tnh hnh kinh t trong khu vc d n v vng k cn b tc ng bi
d n trong nm gn nht, da trn bo co v tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hi
hng nm ca chnh quyn a phng, tp trung vo cc hot ng sau :
+ Cng nghip
+ Nng nghip
+ Giao thng vn ti
+ Khai khong
+ Du lch
+ Thng mi
+ Dch v
+ Cc ngnh khc
- iu tra kho st trn a bn x, phng ni thc hin d n : s dng mu
phiu iu tra, phng vn trc tip i din ca chnh quyn a phng, c xc
nhn ca chnh quyn a phng.
- iu tra kho st cc h dn trong vng d n : s dng mu phiu iu tra,
phng vn trc tip ngi dn ti khu vc d n.
2.3.2. iu kin v x hi khu vc
- Tm tt tnh hnh x hi trong khu vc d n v vng k cn b tc ng bi
d n trong nm gn nht, da trn bo co v tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hi
hng nm ca chnh quyn a phng, tp trung vo cc ni dung sau :
+ Cc cng trnh vn ho
+ X hi
+ Tn gio, tn ngng
+ Di tch lch s
+ Khu dn c, khu th
27
+ Cc cng trnh lin quan khc

- iu tra kho st trn a bn x, phng ni thc hin d n : s dng mu
phiu iu tra, phng vn trc tip i din ca chnh quyn a phng, c xc
nhn ca chnh quyn a phng.
- iu tra kho st cc h dn trong vng d n : s dng mu phiu iu tra,
phng vn trc tip ngi dn ti khu vc d n.
CH U T
a ch. Tel. Fax.
Phiu iu tra kinh t x hi phng, x

(TM D n Nh my Xi mng)
1. Khu vc iu tra :
- Tn x, phng : .................................................................................................................
- S h dn : ............. h. Tng s dn : .................. ngi. Bnh qun : .............. ngi/h.
2. Hin trng s dng t :
- Tng din tch t : ................... ha. Trong t nng nghip : ................................. ha.
- t cng nghip : ............ ha. t lm nghip : ............... ha. t khc : .................... ha.
3. Hin trng kinh t x hi :
- S h lm nng nghip : ................ h. Sn lng la : .................................... tn/ha.
- Sn lng hoa mu : .................. tn/ha. S h lm dch v, bun bn : ..................... h.
- Cc loi hnh dch v sn xut : ..........................................................................................
- S h lm lm nghip : .............. h. Din tch trng rng : .......................................... ha.
- S h lm ngh truyn thng : ...................... h. Sn lng : ........................ tn sp/nm.
- Thu nhp :
Bnh qun : .................... /thng.
Cao nht : ............................. /thng.
Thp nht : ........... /thng. S h giu : ........ h. S h ngho : .......... h.
4. Cc cng trnh cng cng v h tng k thut :
- C quan : ......... c s. Trng mu gio : ....... trng. Trng PTCS : ......... trng.
- Nh my : ................ c s. X nghip : ................... c s. Ch : ...................................
- Bnh vin : ................ c s. Trm y t : ............. c s. Ngha trang : ..................
- nh : ........................ c s. Cha : ................... c s. Nh th : .........................
- Hin trng ng giao thng :
+ ng t : .................... km. + ng cp phi : ....................... km.
+ ng b tng : ............... km.
+ ng gch : ............................. km.
- Hin trng s dng in, nc :
+ S h dn c cp nc sch : ........... h.
+ S h dn c cp in : ...... h.
+ S h s dng nc ging : ....... h. + S h s dng nc sng : ........ h.
5. Cc yu cu v kin ngh ca chnh quyn a phng v d n :
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
28
...............................................................................................................................................
Ngy ......... thng ........ nm 200
xc nhn ca a phng
Ngi iu tra
CH U T
a ch. Tel. Fax.
Phiu iu tra kinh t x hi cc h dn c

1. H dn iu tra :
- Tn ch h : ........................................................................................................................
- S nhn khu : .... ngi. n tui lao ng : .... ngi. Cha n tui lao ng : ... ngi
2. Hin trng s dng t :
- Tng din tch t : .......................... ha. Trong t nh : ..................................... ha.
- t vn : ....................................... ha. t khc : ...................................................... ha.
3. Hin trng kinh t x hi :
- Din tch trng la : ......................... ha.
Sn lng la : .................................... tn/ha.
- Din tch trng hoa mu : ............... ha. Sn lng hoa mu : ................................ tn/ha.
- Cc loi cy trng trong vn lu nm : ....................................... S lng : ............. cy.
- Din tch trng rng : ...................... ha. Din tch nui trng thu sn : ....................... ha.
- S ngi lm ngh truyn thng : ................ ngi. Sn lng : .................... tn sp/nm.
- Cc loi hnh dch v, bun bn, sn xut : ........................................................................
- Thu nhp :
Bnh qun : .................... /thng.
Cao nht : ............................. /thng.
Thp nht : ...................... /thng.
4. Cc cng trnh v sinh mi trng :
- Nh cp IV : .............. m2. Nh xy : .............. tng, din tch : ................................. m2.
- Nh bp ring : ............. m2. Nh tm ring : ......... m2. Nh x ring c b t hoi : ..........
- Nh x ring khng c b t hoi : ............... Din tch sn vn : ................................ m2.
- Ngun tip nhn nc thi : ................................................................................................
- Chung tri chn nui trong khun vin nh : ....... m2, ngoi khun vin nh : ..... m2.
- Ln : ......... con. G : ........ con. Vt : .......... con. Tru : ............ con. B : ................. con.
- Hin trng s dng in, nc cho sinh hot :
+ S dng in li : ......... kw/thng + S dng in my n : ................ kw/thng
+ S dng nc ging khoan su : ............ m
+ S dng nc my : ....... m3/thng
+ S dng nc ging o su : ........ m + S dng nc sng, sui : ..............
- Loi rc thi : ......................... S lng : ....... kg. Hnh thc x l : ..................................
5. Cc yu cu v kin ngh ca ch h v d n v vn n b t b thu hi :
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
29
Ngy ......... thng ........ nm 200

xc nhn ca ch h
Ngi iu tra
CH U T
a ch. Tel. Fax.
phiu iu tra sc kho cng ng

1. Khu vc iu tra :
- Tn Trm y t x, phng : .................................................................................................
- S h dn : ................ h. Tng s dn : ............... ngi. Bnh qun : .............. ngi/h.
2. Hin trng c s y t a phng :
- S bc s : ............. ngi.
S Y s : .................. ngi.
S Y t : ............. ngi.
- S ging bnh : ...... ging. S bnh nhn ni tr : .... ngi, ngoi tr : ... ngi/thng.
- Cc loi my mc, phng tin khm cha bnh : .............................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
3. Tnh hnh sc kho cng ng :
- S ngi mc bnh truyn nhim : ......................... ngi. Chim t l : ...................... %.
- Loi bnh truyn nhim : ....................................................................................................
- S ngi mc bnh mn tnh : .............................. ngi. Chim t l : ........................ %.
- Loi bnh mn tnh : ...........................................................................................................
- S ngi mc bnh ngh nghip : ......................... ngi. Chim t l :........................ %.
- Loi bnh ngh nghip : .....................................................................................................
- S ngi mc bnh v phi : ..... ngi, t l : ... %. Bnh h hp : ...... ngi, t l : ... %.
Bnh v mt : ....... ngi, t l : ....... %. Bnh ng rut : ........ ngi, t l : ........ %. Bnh v tai
mi hng : ........ ngi, t l : .......... %. Bnh ngoi da : ............ ngi, t l : ........ %. Cc bnh khc
: ............. ngi, t l : .......... %.
4. kin ca trm y t x, phng v vn v sc kho cng ng, v sinh mi trng v
nhng vn lin quan n d n :
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Ngy ......... thng ........ nm 200
xc nhn ca trm y t
Ngi iu tra
30
CHNG 3.
nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca d n
3.1. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON LP D N
3.1.1. nh gi vic la chn a im xy dng
i vi d n u t xy dng nh my xi mng th a im xy dng cn c
y cc yu t v iu kin cn thit :
- Nm u mi giao thng, thun li cho vic vn chuyn cung cp nguyn
nhin liu, cc vt liu khc phc v cho sn xut v vn ti ti cc th trng
trong nc cng nh xut khu.
- a im nm xa trung tm dn c, cng trnh v th ln, hn ch c tm
nh hng n mi trng khu dn c v cc cng trnh trong khu vc.
- iu kin kh hu, thu vn t c bin ng ln, a cht cng trnh khu vc
m bo khng phi x l mng bng cc gii php gy tn km cho chi ph u
t.
- C s h tng k thut, cng trnh xy dng, trang thit b phc v cho sn
xut v sinh hot, cng trnh phc li x hi phi hon chnh, tit kim c chi
ph u t v pht huy c hiu qu u t.
3.1.2. nh gi cng ngh sn xut xi mng
Loi hnh d n nh my xi mng cn c nghin cu u t trn quan im
la chn mt dy chuyn sn xut c mc tin tin, hin i nhm to ra cc
sn phm c cht lng cao v n nh. Cc yu cu chnh la chn gii php
k thut, cng ngh cn p ng l :
- Cng ngh sn xut ph hp vi c im v iu kin cht lng, kh nng
cung ng nguyn, nhin liu thc t.
- Vic la chn thit b c quan tm n kh nng chuyn i v lp t.
- Gii php cng ngh la chn ph hp nhm nng cao thi gian hot ng hu
ch, gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng.
- Mt bng v dy chuyn cng ngh b tr ph hp vi quy hoch chung v
iu kin t nhin ca khu vc d n.
- Cng ngh sn xut c tnh ton v la chn hot ng sn xut khng
gy nh hng ti mi trng, cc ch tiu v nng bi, ting n, cht thi...
ph hp vi Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng hin hnh.
31
3.1.3. nh gi v mt bng dy chuyn sn xut

Mt bng dy chuyn cc hng mc cng trnh chnh ca dy chuyn sn xut
phi m bo cc yu t sau :
- V tr cc ngun thi phi nm cui hng gi ch o ca khu vc.
- Nh xng sn xut : c ca mi ly nh sng t nhin v thng gi.
3.1.4. Dng thi t cc cng on sn sut xi mng
T s dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut xi mng, ch r cc dng thi cc cht
nhim t cc cng on sn xut i vi :
- Ngun kh thi, ting n.
- Ngun nc thi.
- Cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi.
3.2. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON GPMB
3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi
Ngun tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh
- Kh thi ca cc phng tin vn ti.
- Bi pht tn t mt bng thi cng v ng giao thng trn cng trng.
Giai on ny ch yu l nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn t
san lp mt bng. Mc nhim giao thng ph thuc nhiu vo cht
lng ng x, mt , lu lng dng xe, cht lng k thut xe qua li v s
lng nhin liu tiu th. c th c tnh ti lng cht nhim c th s
dng H s nhim do c quan Bo v Mi trng M (USEPA) v T chc Y
t Th gii (WHO) thit lp.
Ngun tc ng i vi mi trng nc
Trong giai on san i mt bng ca d n, ngun pht sinh nc thi ch yu l
nc thi ca cng nhn thi cng chun b mt bng trn cng trnh. i vi
nc thi sinh hot ch yu cha cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp
cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng (N,P) v cc vi sinh vt. Xc
nh ti lng cc cht nhim t cc ngun thi ny.
Ngun nhim cht thi rn
- Cht thi rn t qu trnh ph d, san i mt bng.
- Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng.
32
3.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi

Ngun tc ng do chim dng t
Trong giai on GPMB, cn xc nh c th din tch t b chim dng (thu
hi) cho d n, nht l din tch t nng nghip, t rng, t nui trng thu
sn, rng ngp mn...
Ngun tc ng do di di, ti nh c
- S h dn phi di di, ti nh c. S m m phi di di.
- S nh ca, cng trnh phi n b.
- Cy ci, hoa mu phi n b.
3.2.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng
- Tc ng do chim dng t.
- Tc ng do phi di di, ti nh c.
- Tc ng ti cuc sng ca ngi dn b nh hng bi d n.
- Tc ng ti mi trng khng kh t qu trnh san lp mt bng (nh gi da
theo nng cht nhim, phm vi b tc ng, vng b nh hng).
- Tc ng ti mi trng nc t qu trnh san lp mt bng (nh gi da theo
nng cht nhim, phm vi b tc ng, vng b nh hng).
- Tc ng do cht thi rn t qu trnh san lp mt bng (nh gi da theo
chng loi, thnh phn ca cht thi rn).
- Ri ro v s c mi trng trong qu trnh san lp mt bng.
3.2.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng
i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng cn c
tng hp theo bng sau :
Bng : i tng, quy m chu tc ng giai on GPMB
i tng b tc ng
Mi trng khng kh
Mi trng nc
Mi trng t
H sinh thi
Yu t tc ng
Bi khuch tn t mt bng thi
cng, giao thng trn cng
trng; Bi, kh thi, nhit ca
cc my mc thit b thi cng xy
dng.
Nc thi sinh hot ; Nc thi
xy dng.
San lp mt bng. Cht thi rn
sinh hot v ph d cng trnh.
San lp mt bng; Nc thi, kh
33
Quy m tc ng
Mi trng khng kh khu
vc thc hin d n v ln
cn (phm vi b tc ng,
khong cch).
Thu vc nc trong khu vc
d n (phm vi).
a cht, nc ngm khu vc
thc hin d n.
H sinh thi khu vc thc
thi, cht thi rn trong giai on

chun b mt bng xy dng.
Thay i c cu kinh t, ngnh
ngh, cuc sng ca ngi dn.
hin d n (trn cn, di

nc)
Khu vc thc hin d n v
Vn ho - x hi
ln cn (i tng c th).
Dn c xung quanh khu vc
Bi, kh thi, cht thi rn, ting
Sc kho cng ng
thc hin d n (i tng c
n, rung ng.
th).
Cuc sng ca ngi n b di di, ti nh c, mt Ngi dn b tc ng trc
dn
vic lm
tip bi d n (i tng)
3.3. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG

Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, s c nhiu phng tin, my mc tham gia
thi cng. Ngoi ra, s lng xe ch nguyn vt liu n cng trnh cng s lm
gia tng lu lng giao thng ti khu vc. Cc thit b ny khi hot ng trn
cng trng s gy nn cc tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh :
- nhim do bi t, ct.
- nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn ti ra vo khu vc d n.
- nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin thi cng c gii.
c trng gy nhim mi trng khng kh ca cc phng tin vn chuyn
v thi cng c gii trn cng trng xy dng ca d n nh sau :
Bng : c trng ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh
Giai on thi cng xy dng
- Kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng vn ti
- Kh thi t my mc thi cng trn cng trng
Cc cht nhim khng kh

Bi, SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, HC, Ting
n, rung ng...
Da vo c trng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh, xc nh

ti lng cc cht nhim cho tng ngun thi.
Ngun tc ng i vi mi trng nc
Trong giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh, ngun pht sinh nc thi ch
yu l t qu trnh dng h b tng, lm mt my mc thit b thi cng, nc
thi ca cng nhn xy dng trn cng trng.
- Nc thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng, dng h b tng, lm mt thit b,
lp t my mc thit b c cha nhiu cn lng, vt liu thi, du m... (xc
nh ti lng cc cht nhim).
- Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng c cha cc cht l lng, cht
34
hu c, cc cht cn b v vi sinh... (xc nh ti lng cc cht nhim).

Ngun nhim do cht thi rn
Cht thi rn sinh ra trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n l cc cht t
t cng tc lm ng, lm mng cng trnh nh gch, , xi mng, st thp
v g, giy... t cng vic thi cng v hon thin cng trnh, lp t my mc,
thit b v rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn hot ng trn cng trng. Cn xc
nh c th thnh phn v tnh cht, khi lng c th theo 3 loi cht thi rn
sinh hot ca cng nhn, cht thi xy dng v cht thi nguy hi.
Ngun tc ng do ting n
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n, ting n gy ra ch yu do cc
my mc thi cng, cc phng tin vn ti trn cng trng v do s va chm
ca my mc thit b, cc loi vt liu bng kim loi, my p cc b tng... Mc
gy ting n ca cc thit b thi cng c xc nh t ngun i vi tng
chng loi thit b s dng ca d n.
Ngun tc ng do nc ra tri b mt
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n, cc cht c hi t sn bi cha
nguyn vt liu, t mt bng thi cng, bi rc, khu cha nhin liu... khi gp
ma s b cun tri v d dng ho tan vo trong nc ma gy nhim cc
thu vc tip nhn, nc ngm trong khu vc d n. Ngoi ra nc ma b
nhim cng c th lm n mn cc vt liu kt cu v cng trnh trong khu vc.
Tnh cht nhim ca nc ma trong trng hp ny b nhim c hc (t,
ct, rc), nhim hu c (dch chit trong bi rc), nhim ho cht, kim loi
nng v du m. nh gi tc ng ca nc ra tri b mt trn khu vc d
n i vi mi trng, p dng m hnh tnh ton nh sau :
- Lu lng nc ma chy trn trong khu vc :
Q = 0,278 . k . I . F (m3/s)
Trong :
k- H s dng chy (k=0,6),
I- Cng ma (mm/h),
F- Din tch lu vc (m2),
- Ti lng cht nhim :
35
Lng cht bn tch t trong mt thi gian c xc nh nh sau :

G = Mmax [1 - exp (-kz.T)]. F (kg)
Trong :
Mmax- Lng bi tch lu ln nht trong khu vc nh my (kg/ha).
kz- H s ng hc tch lu cht bn (ng-1).
T- Thi gian tch lu cht bn (ngy).
Ngun tc ng gy nhim nhit
- nhim nhit do thi tit kh hu.
- Do cc my mc sinh nhit.
3.3.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng
nh gi tc ng do kh thi
Tc ng do kh thi (bi v cc cht kh c hi) t cc phng tin vn
chuyn v my mc thit b thi cng (t ti lng xc nh nng cc cht c
hi, nh gi mc tc ng, phm vi v vng b nh hng). S dng m
hnh d bo sau :
(z + h ) 2
(z h ) 2
0,8E.exp
+ exp
2
2
2 z
2 z
(mg/m3)
C=
z .u
Trong :
C - Nng cht nhim trong khng kh (mg/m3).
E - Ti lng ca cht nhim t ngun thi (mg/ms).
z - cao ca im tnh ton (m).
h - cao ca mt ng so vi mt t xung quanh (m).
u - Tc gi trung bnh ti khu vc (m/s).
z - H s khuch tn cht nhim theo phng z(m).
Kt qu tnh ton m hnh phi d bo c nng cht nhim ln nht t
c khong cch ti i tng b tc ng v c th hin bng biu tnh
ton.
nh gi tc ng do nc thi
- i vi nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng ch yu cha cc cht cn
b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng
36
(N,P) v cc vi sinh vt. T ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot
giai on thi cng xy dng, xc nh nng cc cht nhim tc ng ti cc
thu vc xung quanh.
- i vi nc thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng nh nc ra nguyn vt liu,
nc v sinh my mc thit b thi cng, nc dng h b tng c hm lng
cht l lng v hm lng cc cht hu c cao gy nhim ti nc sng, nc
knh mng thu li, nc ao h trong khu vc. Xc nh nng cc cht
nhim tc ng ti cc thu vc xung quanh.
nh gi tc ng do ting n
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n, ting n gy ra ch yu do cc
my mc thi cng, cc phng tin vn ti trn cng trng v do s va chm
ca my mc thit b, cc loi vt liu bng kim loi, ng cc b tng... Kh
nng ting n ti khu vc thi cng ca d n lan truyn ti cc khu vc xung
quanh c xc nh nh sau :
Li = Lp - Ld - Lc
, dBA
Trong :
Li - Mc n ti im tnh ton cch ngun gy n khong cch r2, dBA
Lp - Mc n o c ti ngun gy n ch ngun gy n khong cch r1, dBA
Ld - Mc n gim theo khong cch r2 tn s i
Ld = 20 lg [(r2/r1)1+a], dBA
r1 - Khong cch ti ngun gy n ng vi Lp, m
r2 - Khong cch tnh ton gim mc n theo khong cch ng vi Li, m
a - H s k n nh hng hp th ting n ca a hnh mt t (a=0)
Lc - gim mc n qua vt cn. Ti khu vc d n Lc= 0
Mc n tng cng do cc phng tin thi cng c xc nh nh sau :
0,1Li
L = 10 lg
, dBA
Trong :
L - Mc n ti im tnh ton, dBA
Li - Mc n ti im tnh ton ca ngun n th i, dBA
T cng thc trn, tnh ton mc gy n ca cc loi thit b thi cng ti mi
trng xung quanh cc khong cch v nh gi theo tiu chun.
nh gi tc ng do rung
37
Ngun gy rung ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n l t cc my

mc thi cng, cc phng tin vn ti trn cng trng, ng cc b tng, cc
khoan nhi... Mc rung c th bin thin ln ph thuc vo nhiu yu t v
trong cc yu t nh hng quan trng nht l nn t, mng cng trnh v
tc khc nhau ca dng xe khi chuyn ng. Rung l s chuyn dch, tng v
gim t mt gi tr trung tm v c th m phng bng dng sng trong chuyn
ng iu ho. Bin rung l s chuyn dch (m), vn tc (m/s) hay gia tc
(m/s2). Gia tc rung L(dB) c tnh nh sau :
L = 20 log(a/ao), dB
Trong :
a RMS ca bin gia tc (m/s2).
ao RMS tiu chun (ao=0,00001 m/s2).
T cng thc trn, tnh ton mc rung ca cc phng tin thi cng nh hng
ti cc khu dn c, cc cng trnh ln cn v nh gi theo tiu chun.
nh gi tc ng do cht thi rn
Cht thi rn sinh ra trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n l cc cht t
t cng tc lm ng, lm mng cng trnh, xy dng cng trnh nh gch,
, xi mng, st thp v g, giy, bao b... t cng vic thi cng v hon thin
cng trnh, lp t my mc, thit b v rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn hot
ng trn cng trng. Xc nh thnh phn, tnh cht, khi lng ca cht thi
rn theo 3 loi : cht thi rn sinh hot, cht thi rn xy dng v cht thi nguy
hi.
nh gi tc ng do thi cng cc khoan nhi
Khi thi cng mng cc cng trnh cao tng, thp trao i nhit cyclon... thng
s dng phng php cc khoan nhi. V vy cn xc nh c th lng cht
thi betonit gy tc ng ti mi trng xung quanh, nht l cc thu vc tip
nhn.
nh gi tc ng do s c mi trng
Trong giai on thi cng xy dng ca d n, cc ri ro, s c mi trng nh
chy n, tai nn lao ng... c th xy ra gy tc ng xu ti mi trng.
nh gi tc ng ti cuc sng ca ngi dn xung quanh d n
nh gi nh hng ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng ti cuc sng ca ngi
38
dn xung quanh khu vc d n.

nh gi tc ng ti h sinh thi mi trng khu vc
nh gi nh hng ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng ti h sinh thi mi trng
khu vc.
3.3.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng

i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng ca d n
cn c tng hp theo bng sau :
Bng : i tng, quy m chu tc ng giai on thi cng xy dng
i tng b tc ng
Mi trng khng kh
Yu t tc ng
Bi khuch tn t mt bng thi
cng, giao thng trn cng
trng; Bi, kh thi, nhit ca
cc my mc thit b thi cng xy
dng.
Nc thi sinh hot ; Nc thi
xy dng.
Cht thi rn sinh hot v cht
thi xy dng.
Nc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn
trong giai on thi cng xy dng.
Gia tng dn s tm thi, cuc
sng ca ngi dn.
Quy m tc ng
Mi trng khng kh khu vc
thc hin d n v ln cn
(phm vi b tc ng, khong
cch).
Thu vc nc trong khu vc

d n (phm vi).
a cht, nc ngm khu vc
Mi trng t
thc hin d n.
H sinh thi khu vc thc hin
H sinh thi
d n (trn cn, di nc)
Khu vc thc hin d n v ln
Vn ho - x hi
cn (i tng c th).
Dn c xung quanh khu vc
Bi, kh thi, cht thi rn, ting
thc hin d n (i tng c
Sc kho cng ng
n, rung ng.
th).
Cuc sng ca ngi Cuc sng v i li ca ngi dn Ngi dn b tc ng trc tip
dn
xung quanh b nh hng
bi d n (i tng)
Mi trng nc
3.4. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON HOT NG CA D N

Trong qu trnh sn xut xi mng, cc ngun pht sinh kh thi (bi v cc cht
kh c hi) ph thuc vo tng cng on sn xut, tng loi thit b cng ngh
v gy nh hng n mi trng khng kh. c trng cht thi v cc tc
ng ti mi trng t cc cng on sn xut xi mng nh sau :
Bng : c trng cht thi v tc ng mi trng
Cng on sn xut
Cht nhim
39
Tc ng mi trng
p, vn chuyn nguyn liu

Kho ng nht vi, st v
nh lng nguyn liu
Tip nhn v cha cc loi nguyn
liu khc
Nghin nguyn liu
Sil ng nht v cp liu l
L nung
Lm ngui clinker
Vn chuyn v cha clinker
Nghin clinker
Silo xi mng
ng bao xi mng
Xut xi mng
Nghin than
Ni hi
Cc phng tin my mc vn ti
nh xe ti, xe nng
Pht sinh bi.
nhim khng kh
Pht sinh bi.
nhim khng kh
pht sinh bi.
nhim khng kh
Pht sinh bi.

Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi, kh CO,
H2S, SO2, NOx v CO2.
Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi.
Pht sinh bi, kh CO,
SO2, NOx v CO2.
Pht sinh bi, kh CO,
SO2, NOx v CO2.
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
nhim khng kh
Tnh ton xc nh ti lng xc nh theo h s pht thi :

Ti lng cc cht nhim t cc cng on sn xut c tnh ton da trn
cng sut ca nh my v h s pht thi nhim xc nh theo WHO hoc
USEPA nh sau :
E = A . EF , kg/nm
Trong :
E Ti lng cht nhim, kg/nm.
A Cng sut tn clinker/nm
EF H s ti lng pht thi theo WHO kg/tn clinker.
Tnh ton ti lng cc cht nhim thi ra khi t chy nhin liu :
Ti lng ca cc cht nhim kh t ngun thi s dng nhin liu c tnh
ton trn c s thnh phn v c tnh ca nhin liu t, c tnh ca ngun
thi v iu kin mi trng khng kh xung quanh. T khi lng ca cc cht
nhim, s xc nh c nng ca cc cht nhim ca ngun thi.
Phng php tnh ton nh sau :
40
- Tnh ton lng sn phm chy (SPC), ti lng cc cht nhim thi ra khi
t chy nhin liu :
Thnh phn ca nhin liu gm c Carbon (C), Hydro (H), Nit (N), Oxy (O),
Lu hunh (S), tro (A) v m (W). Tng cc thnh bng 100% :
C + H + N + O + S + A + W = 100%
Trong s cc thnh phn ca nhin liu t nu trn, ch c carbon, hydro v lu
hunh l chy c v to ra nhit nng ca nhin liu theo cc phn ng :
+ i vi carbon :
Khi chy hon ton :
C + O2 CO2
32
44
kg O2
kg CO2 + 8100 kcal/kg C
12
12
1
Khi chy khng hon ton :
C + O2 CO
2
16
28
kg CO + 2440 kcal/kg C
hay l :
1 kg C + kg O2
12
12
hay l :
1 kg C +
2H2 + O2 2H2O
+ i vi kh hydro :
hay l :
1 kg H2 +
+ i vi lu hunh :
Hay l :
1 kg S +
32
36
kg O2
kg H2O + 34200 kcal/kg H2
4
4
S + O2 SO2
32
64
kg O2
kg SO2 + 2600 kcal/kg S
32
32
Bng : Tnh ton sn phm chy iu kin chun

(t=0oC v P=760 mmHg)
STT
i lng tnh ton
n v tnh
Cng thc tnh ton
1
Lng khng kh kh l
thuyt cn cho qu trnh chy m3chun/kgNL Vo = 0,089C + 0,264H 0,0333
(O-S)
2
Lng khng kh m l
thuyt cn cho qu trnh chy m3chun/kgNL Va = (1 + 0,0016 d) Vo
3
Lng khng kh m thc t
vi h s khng kh tha m3chun/kgNL Vt = Va
=1,2-1,6
4
Lng kh SO2 trong sn m3chun/kgNL VSO2 = 0,683.10-2 S
phm chy
5
Lng kh CO trong SPC vi
h s chy khng hon ton m3chun/kgNL VCO = 1,865.10-2 C
=0,1-0,5
41
m3chun/kgNL VCO2 = 1,853.10-2 (1-) C

m3chun/kgNL VH2O = 0,111 H + 0,0124 W +
0,0016 d Vt
8
Lng kh N2 trong SPC
m3chun/kgNL VN2 = 0,8.10-2 N + 0,79 Vt
9
Lng kh O2 trong khng m3chun/kgNL VO2 = 0,21 ( - 1) Va
kh tha
10 Lng SPC tng cng (tc
lng khi thi bng tng s m3chun/kgNL VSPC=VSO2+VCO+VCO2+VH2O+VN2
cc i lng trn)
+VO2
Ghi ch : d- Dung m ca khng kh (g/kg)
m3chun/kgNL Mt khi iu kin chun trn 1 kg nhin liu.
Carbon (C), Hydro (H), Nit (N), Oxy (O), Lu hunh (S), tro (A) v m (W)
- Thnh phn ca nhin liu tng cc thnh bng 100% :
6
7
Lng kh CO2 trong SPC

Lng hi nc trong SPC
Bng : Tnh ton lng kh thi v ti lng cc cht nhim

(ng vi lng nhin liu tiu th B , kg/h)
STT
1
i lng tnh ton

n v tnh
Lng khi (SPC) iu
m3/s
kin chun
m3/s
2
Lng khi (SPC) iu
o
kin thc t tk C
3
Lng kh SO2 vi
g/s
SO2=2,926 kg/m3 chun
4
Lng kh CO vi
g/s
CO=1,25 kg/m3 chun
5
Lng kh CO2 vi
g/s
CO2=1,977 kg/m3 chun
6
Lng tro bi vi h s
g/s
tro bay theo khi a=0,11,0
7
Lng kh NOx i vi
kg/h
nhin liu rn
8
Lng kh NOx i vi
kg/h
nhin liu kh v lng
Ghi ch : Q Lng nhit do nhin liu to ra, kcal/h
Cng thc tnh ton

LC = VSPC B / 3600
LT = LC (273 + tk) / 273
MSO2 = (103 VSO2 B SO2) / 3600
MCO = (103 VCO B CO) / 3600
MCO2 = (103 VCO2 B CO2) / 3600
MBUI = 10 a Ap B / 3600
MNOx = 3,953.10-8 Q1,18
MNOx = 1,723.10-3 B1,18
Ngun tc ng i vi nc thi sn xut xi mng

- Nc thi t qu trnh lm mt cc thit b my mc, thit b nh nghin
nguyn liu, nghin than. Nc thi ra c nhit cao, cha nhiu bn, tp cht
rn, hm lng cn l lng cao.
- Nc thi t ti ra sn, kh bi : nc thi ny cha nhiu tp cht rn, hm
lng cn l lng ln, kim cao. Ngoi ra trong nc thi cn cha mt
lng du m ri vi, r r.
- Nc thi ra v sinh my mc, thit b, b cha du... nc thi cha nhiu
42
hm lng du, cn l lng, COD ln.

- Nc thi l hi c nhit cao v mt lng cn nht nh.
- Xc nh ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi ca d n.
Ngun tc ng i vi nc thi sn xut xi mng
- Cht thi rn t qu trnh sn xut : Trong hot ng ca nh my, cht thi rn
cng nghip pht sinh t cc qu trnh : vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, ri vi ca
sn phm, bao b h hng, t cc thit b x l bi, x than, vt liu chu la qua
s dng, t cc phn xng sa cha xe my, c kh, in... Trong tng lng
cht thi dng cht thi bi, kh v cht thi rn, cht thi rn sn xut l cc
loi v bao b, ni lng, nguyn vt liu ri vi trong sn xut, vt liu chu la
ph thi, ti lc bi tay o qua s dng, gi lau qua s dng. Ngoi ra cn c
cht thi gia cng c kh v cht thi rn xy dng.
- Cht thi rn sinh hot : Lng cht thi rn trong sinh hot ca cn b cng
nhn ca nh my, thnh phn bao gm cc loi vn phng phm qua s dng,
thc phm tha v bao b cc loi.
Ngun tc ng do ting n
Khi d n i vo hot ng, ting n pht ra ch yu t cc ng c my bm,
my qut, my nghin, l nung, my nn kh v cc phng tin vn chuyn
nguyn liu, vt liu, sn phm ca nh my. Ngoi ra cn c ting n do n
mn v cc phng tin khai thc pht sinh t khu vc m khai thc vi.
Xc nh mc n ti ngun ca cc thit b trn.
Ngun tc ng do rung
- T cng on nghin liu.
- T cng on l nung.
- T cng on nghin than.
- T cng on vn chuyn xi mng v clinker.
Ngun tc ng nhim nhit
- Ngun nhim nhit ca cng on l nung.
- Ngun nhim nhit ca cng on nghin than.
43
- Ngun nhim nhit ca thp trao trao i nhit cyclon.

3.4.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng
Ngun gc
- Qu trnh thi cht c hi t cng ngh sn xut xi mng.
- Qu trnh vn chuyn xi mng v clinker.
- S c n lc bi tnh in, n l hi.
- Cc tc ng ca thin nhin nh ln st t, ng t...
Cc yu t xc nh
- Bi (TSP, PM10).
- Kh c hi (CO, CO2, SO2, NO2)
Cc ri ro v s c mi trng
- Ri ro s c do n lc bi tnh in, n l hi.
- Ri ro s c hng h thng bng ti vn chuyn.
- Ri ro s c ln st thp trao i nhit cyclon.
3.4.4. i tng v quy m chu tc ng
Thng k v nh gi y cc i tng v quy m chu tc ng trong qu
trnh hot ng ca d n i vi tng cng on sn xut theo bng sau :
Bng : i tng, quy m chu tc ng
i tng b tc ng
Mi trng khng kh
Mi trng nc
Mi trng t
H sinh thi
Khu dn c xung quanh
Yu t tc ng
Quy m tc ng
3.4.5. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh

Nguyn tc nh gi
Nguyn tc nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh ca d n, c da
trn hin trng mi trng khu vc, quy m u t xy dng, cng ngh sn
xut, cc ngun thi gy tc ng ti mi trng ca d n, cc bin php gim
thiu cc tc ng xu, phng nga, ng ph s c nhim mi trng v hiu
qu ca d n (s dng phng php ma trn nh gi).
44
nh gi tc ng ti mi trng khng kh xung quanh

c im ngun thi :
Ngun thi kh trong cng ngh sn xut xi mng bao gm ngun thi cao (ng
khi l nung) v cc ngun thi thp (cc ng khi khc) nm bn tng nh
hoc trn mi nh xng sn xut chnh. V vy vic tnh ton nng cc cht
nhim khuch tn ra mi trng khng kh xung quanh, cn phi xc nh
c c im, c tnh k thut ca cc ngun thi.
Bng : c tnh k thut ca cc ngun thi
Ngun thi
ng khi l nung
Thng s tnh ton

Chiu cao ng ng khi
ng knh ming ng khi
Nhit kh thi
Lu lng kh thi
Nhit xung quanh ma H
Nhit xung quanh ma ng
Cp n nh ca kh quyn
Ti lng Bi
Ti lng SO2
Ti lng NO2
Gi tr
n v
m
m
o
C
m3/h
o
C
o
C
mg/s
mg/s
mg/s
Phng php tnh ton ngun thi cao :

Vic tnh ton xc nh nng cht nhim trong mi trng khng kh xung
quanh do ngun thi cao gy ra da trn m hnh khuch tn cht nhim theo
hm Gauss. Phng trnh tnh ton nng cht nhim C ti mt im bt
k c to (x, y, z) c xc nh nh sau :
C( x , y , z ) =
M
2u y z
2
2
2
exp y exp ( H z ) + exp ( H + z )
2 2y
2 z2
2 z2

Trong :
C(x,y,z) - Nng cht nhim ti im c to x, y, z , mg/m3
x - Khong cch ti ngun thi theo phng x, phng gi thi, m
y - Khong cch t im tnh trn mt phng ngang theo chiu vung gc vi
trc ca vt khi, cch tim vt khi, m
z - Chiu cao ca im tnh ton, m
M - Ti lng ca cht nhim t ngun thi, mg/s
u - Tc gi trung bnh chiu cao hiu qu (H) ca ng khi, m/s
y - H s khuch tn ca kh quyn theo phng ngang, phng y, m
45
z - H s khuch tn ca kh quyn theo phng ng, phng z, m

Phng php tnh ton ngun thi thp :
Trong cc nh my sn xut xi mng, s chuyn ng ca khng kh cng vi
cc phn t bi v hi kh c hi cha trong n khc vi trong vng trng tri
khng c vt cn. Nh ca, cng trnh s lm thay i trng vn tc ca khng
kh. Pha bn trn ca cng trnh vn tc chuyn ng ca khng kh tng ln,
pha sau cng trnh vn tc khng kh gim xung v n khong cch no ,
vn tc gi mi t ti tr s ban u ca n. Pha trc cng trnh, mt phn
ng nng ca gi bin thnh tnh nng v to thnh p lc d, pha sau cng
trnh c hin tng gi xoy v lm long khng kh to ra p lc m. Ngoi ra
trong nh my cn c cc dng khng kh chuyn ng do cc ngun nhit cng
nghip thi ra, cng nh cc lng nhit bc x mt tri nung nng mi nh,
ng s v sn bi gy nn s chnh lch nhit v to ra s chuyn ng
ca khng kh.
V vy vic tnh ton nng cc cht nhim khuch tn ra mi trng khng
kh xung quanh i vi cc ngun thi thp, cn phi xc nh c c im
ca cng trnh (nh c lp c chiu ngang hp, nh c lp c chiu ngang
rng, nh hp trong mt khu nh, nh rng trong mt khu nh).
Nng cht nhim do cc ngun thi thp gy ra c tnh ton theo phng
php ca V.S.Nhikitin ng vi cc trng hp sau :
- Nh hp ng c lp :
Ngun thi
Vng gi qun
0,8Hnh
pha trn v sau

bz
Hnh
1,8Hn
Gi
b =< 2,5Hnh
6Hnh
Hnh: Nh hp ng c lp
+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc bn trn vng gi qun, im tnh ton
trong vng gi qun khi 0 < x 6Hnh:
46
Cx =
1,3.M .k 0,6
42
+
[
], mg / m 3
2
u
H nh .l (1,4l + b + x)
Cy =
1,3Mk
u
0,6
42
S1 , mg / m 3
+
2
H nh l (1,4l + b + x)
+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc bn trn vng gi qun, im tnh ton

ngoi vng gi qun khi x > 6Hnh:
Cx =
55Mk
; C y = C x S1 , mg / m 3
2
u (1,4l + b + x)
- Nh rng ng c lp :
Vng gi qun pha trn
2,5Hnh
0,8Hnh
Ngun thi
Vng gi qun pha sau
Hnh
1,8Hn
Gi
bz
b >2,5Hnh
4Hnh
Hnh : Nh rng ng c lp
+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi, im
tnh ton trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi khi b1 2,5Hnh :
Cx =
1,3.M .k 1
42
+
[
], mg / m 3
u
H nh .l (1,4l + b1 ) 2
Cy =
1,3Mk
u
1
42
+
2
H nh l (1,4l + b1 )
S , mg / m 3

tnh ton ngoi vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi khi b1 > 2,5Hnh :
Cx =
55Mk
; C y = C x S , mg / m 3
u (1,4l + b1 ) 2
47

tnh ton trong vng gi qun sau nh khi 0 < x 4Hnh :
Cx =
5,6Mmk
; C y = C x S1 , mg / m 3
ul.H nh

tnh ton ngoi vng gi qun sau nh khi x > 4Hnh :
Cx =
15Mk
; C y = C x S1 , mg / m 3
ul.(b + x)
- Khu nh :
0,8Hnh
Ngun thi
Vng gi qun gia hai khu nh
bz
Hnh
1,8Hn
Gi
b =< 2,5Hnh
Hnh<x<=8Hnh
Hnh : Khu nh, nh n gi l nh hp
Vng gi qun pha trn
2,5Hnh
0,8Hnh
Ngun thi
Vng gi qun gia hai khu nh
Hnh
1,8Hn
Gi
b >2,5Hnh
bz
Hnh<x=<8Hnh
Hnh : Khu nh, nh n gi l nh rng

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi ca nh
rng ng u hng gi, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia hai nh khi
Hnh < x1 4Hnh :
Cx =
14,4 Mmk
; C y = C x S1 , mg / m 3
ul.x1
48
+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi ca nh

rng ng u hng gi, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia hai nh khi
4Hnh < x1 8Hnh :
Cx =
3,6 Mmk
; C y = C x S1 , mg / m 3
ul.H nh
+ V tr ming thi kh bn ngoi vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi ca nh

rng ng u hng gi khi H<0,3, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia
hai nh khi Hnh < x1 4Hnh :
Cx =
1,3.Mmk 2
42
[ +
], mg / m 3
u
lx 1 (1,4l + x) 2
Cy =
1,3Mmk
u
42
S 3 , mg / m 3
+
2
lx1 (1,4l + x)
+ V tr ming thi kh bn ngoi vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi ca nh

rng ng u hng gi khi H<0,3, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia
hai nh khi 4Hnh < x1 8Hnh :
Cx =
Cy =
1,3.Mmk 0,5
42
+
], mg / m 3
[
2
u
lH nh (1,4l + x)
1,3Mmk
u
0,5
42
+
S 3 , mg / m 3
2
lH nh (1,4l + x )
+ V tr ming thi kh bn ngoi (trn) vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi

ca nh rng ng u hng gi khi H >0,3, im tnh ton trong vng gi
qun gia hai nh khi Hnh < x1 4Hnh :
+ V tr ming thi kh bn ngoi (trn) vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi
ca nh rng ng u hng gi khi H>0,3, im tnh ton trong vng gi
qun gia hai nh khi 4Hnh < x1 8Hnh :
C x, y =
1,3.Mmk 2
20
[ +
S 3 ], mg / m 3
u
lx1 (1,4l + x) 2
49
+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc trn vng gi qun gia hai nh khi nh
hp ng u hng gi, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia hai nh khi
Hnh < x1 6Hnh :
1,3.Mmk 0,5
20
+ 42
C x , y =1,3.Mk 1,5[
S 3 ], mg3 / m 3
2
+ nh (1,4l + x2)],
Cx =
mg
/m
u [ lH
u
lx1 (1,4l + b + x)
Cy =
1,3Mk
u
1,5
42
S1 , mg / m 3
+
2
lx1 (1,4l + b + x)
+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc trn vng gi qun gia hai nh khi nh
hp ng u hng gi, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia hai nh khi
6Hnh < x1 10Hnh :
Cx =
1,3.Mk 0,25
42
+
[
], mg / m 3
2
u
lH nh (1,4l + b + x)
Cy =
1,3Mk
u
0,25
42
+
S1 , mg / m 3
2
lH nh (1,4l + b + x)
Trong cc cng thc trn :

Cx, Cy - Nng cht nhim ti im tnh ton, mg/m3.
L Lu lng kh thi ca ngun thi, m3/s.
M - Ti lng cht nhim thi vo kh quyn, mg/s.
k - H s k n nh hng ca cao tng i ca ngun thi.
u - Vn tc gi trung bnh, m/s.
S, S1, S2, S3 Cc h s tnh ton nng khong cch y vi lung kh thi.
m H s th hin phn kh thi gy nhim i vi vng gi qun.
Hnh- Chiu cao ca nh tnh t mt t n mi, m.
l - Chiu di ca nh trc giao vi hng gi, m.
b - B rng ca nh theo chiu song song vi hng gi, m.
x - Khong cch t mt tng pha khut gi ca nh n im tnh ton, m.
x1 - Khong cch gia hai nh, m.
H Chiu cao tng i ca ngun thi.
Kt qu tnh ton phi c tng hp trong bng v nh gi nng cht
nhim max khong cch max ng vi trng hp v ma H, ma ng, ch
tc thi (1h) v ch trung bnh (24h).
50
Bng : Nng cht nhim trong khng kh xung quanh

Ch tnh
ton
Thi gian
Nng tc
thi (1h)
Nng
trung bnh
(24h)
Ma H
Ma ng
Ma H
Ma ng
Nng cc
i (mg/m3)
Khong cch
ti ngun thi (m)
TCVN
5937-2005
(mg/m3)
3.4.6. nh gi kh nng chu ti mi trng ca d n

Kh nng chu ti v bi t tt c cc ngun thi
T nhng phn tch, nh gi trong mc trn, nh gi kh nng tc ng tng
cng ca Bi t tt c cc ngun thi n mi trng xung quanh.
Kh nng chu ti v kh c t tt c cc ngun thi
T kt qu tnh ton nng trung bnh 1 gi v 24 gi ca cc cht kh c hi
do cc ngun thi gy ra, nh gi kh nng tc ng tng cng ca cc cht kh
c hi t tt c cc ngun thi n mi trng xung quanh.
3.4.7. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng nc
Tc ng ca nc thi sinh hot
Da trn s cn b cng nhn vin lm vic ti cc khu vc ca nh my, ti
lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot xc nh trn, xc nh
nng cc cht nhim khi thi ra mi trng v nh gi theo tiu chun quy
nh.
nh gi tc ng ca nc thi sn xut
- i vi nc lm mt thit b, my mc.
- i vi nc thi t qu trnh v sinh thit b, nh xng, b cha du.
- i vi nc thi t qu trnh ti ra sn, kh bi.
d bo nh gi nh hng ca nc thi t cng ngh sn xut xi mng i
vi cht lng ca ngun nc mt (tip nhn nc thi), s dng m hnh
khuch tn cht nhim c lp trnh theo ngn ng Turbo Pascal xc nh
nng cht nhim :
51
C=
x.v
exp
2Dx
v 2 + 4kD x
M
1 + 4kD x
1
v2
Trong : C Nng cht bn ti im tnh ton (mg/l).

M Ti lng ca cht bn (mg).
- Din tch tit din ca thi (m2).
v Vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy (m/s).
k H s phn hu cht bn theo thi gian.
Dx H s khuch tn theo phng x (theo hng dng chy).
3.4.8. nh gi tc ng do cht thi rn
Tc ng ca cht thi rn sinh hot
Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn nh my c thnh phn gm cc
loi vn phng phm qua s dng, thc phm tha v bao b cc loi. Tng
lng rc sinh hot, thnh phn v tnh cht.
Tc ng ca cht thi rn cng nghip
- Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my, cht thi rn cng nghip pht sinh t
cc qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, ri vi ca sn phm, bao b h hng,
t cc thit b x l bi, x than, vt liu chu la qua s dng, t cc phn
xng sa cha xe my, c kh, in... Tng lng cht thi rn cng nghip,
thnh phn v tnh cht.
- Trong cc loi cht thi rn cng nghip ca nh my, cht thi rn nguy hi
nh gi lau dnh du m, cn du thi... v cht thi y t. Tng lng thi cho
tng loi, thnh phn v tnh cht.
3.4.9. nh gi tc ng ca ting n
Ting n l ngun gy nhim kh quan trng trong hot ng sn xut ca nh
my xi mng. Ting n cao hn tiu chun cho php s gy cc nh hng xu
n mi trng v trc tin l n sc kho ca ngi cng nhn trc tip sn
xut nh mt ng, mt mi, gy tm l kh chu, gim nng sut lao ng. Tip
xc vi ting n c cng cao trong thi gian di s lm cho thnh lc gim
st, dn ti bnh ic ngh nghip. Kh nng ting n ti cc cng on sn xut
ca nh my lan truyn ti mi trng xung quanh c xc nh nh sau :
Li = Lp - Ld - Lc - Lcx
(dBA)
Trong :
Li Mc n ti im tnh ton cch ngun gy n mt khong cch d (m).
52
Lp Mc n o c ti ngun gy n (cch 1,5m).

Ld Mc n gim theo khong cch d tn s i.
Ld = 20 lg [(r2/r1)1+a]
(dBA)
r1 Khong cch ti ngun gy n ng vi Lp (m).

r2 Khong cch tnh ton gim mc n theo khong cch ng vi Li (m).
a H s k n nh hng hp th ting n ca a hnh mt t.
Lc - gim mc n qua vt cn.
Lcx - gim mc n sau cc di cy xanh.
Lcx = Ld + 1,5 Z + Bi
(dBA)
Ld - gim mc n do khong cch (dBA)

1,5Z - gim mc n do tc dng phn x ca cc di cy xanh.
Bi Tng b rng ca cc di cy xanh (m). Z S lng di cy xanh.
Bi Mc n gim do m thanh b ht v khuct tn trong cc di cy xanh.
- Tr s h thp trung bnh theo tn s.
Kt qu tnh ton mc gy n t cc cng on sn xut ca nh my ti mi
trng xung quanh cc khong cch khc nhau theo bng sau :
Bng : Mc n gy ra t cc cng on sn xut xi mng
TT
Thit b sn xut
Mc n
im cch
my 1,5m
Tiu chun TCVN 3985-1999

TCVN 5949-1998
Mc n
im cch
my 50m
Mc n
khong cch
150m
Mc n
khong cch
300m
75
75
75
85
3.4.10. nh gi tc ng ti sc kho con ngi

- S xm nhp cht c hi t qu trnh sn xut xi mng.
- Cc tc ng ti sc kho con ngi khi tip xc.
3.4.11. nh gi ri ro mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh
- Ri ro v an ton s dng in.
- Ri ro v chy n.
- Ri ro v tai nn lao ng.
3.4.12. nh gi s c mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh
- S c v tai nn ti cng.
- S c n lc bi tnh in ng khi l nung.
53
- S c n ni hi.
54
CHNG 4.
Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu,
phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng
4.1. NGUYN TC
- Gim thiu ti mc ti a c th c ph hp vi cng ngh x l i vi
qu trnh hot ng sn xut xi mng ngay t giai on u.
- Gii php bo v mi trng phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi cc mc tiu
hot ng ca d n v ph hp vi ngun ti chnh ca ch u t.
- Lin tc kim tra s tun th cc quy nh v mi trng m ch u t
cam kt thc hin trong nghin cu kh thi ca d n c ph duyt.
- Bo v mi trng v sc kho cng ng trong khu vc.
4.2. GII PHP BVMT T KHI LP D N U T
4.2.1. B tr mt bng sn xut
- Tng dy chuyn hot ng c lp nhng vn c kh nng phi hp, h tr
nhau trong qu trnh vn hnh t hiu qu.
- Bo m vic phn khu chc nng cng nh vic t chc tt h thng giao
thng vn chuyn ni b.
- B tr mt bng sn xut trn khu t c cu to a cht khng phc tp,
khng phi x l nn mng tit kim chi ph u t.
- Qu trnh t chc chun b mt bng, thi cng xy dng, lp t thit b khng
lm nh hng n mi trng xung quanh.
4.2.2. Phn khu chc nng cc hng mc cng trnh k thut
Cc hng mc cng trnh k thut cn b tr theo phn khu chc nng gm :
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
p, vn chuyn nguyn liu

Kho ng nht vi, st v nh lng nguyn liu
Tip nhn v cha cc nguyn liu khc
Nghin nguyn liu
Nghin than
Sil ng nht v cp liu l
Thp trao i nhit cyclon
L nung
55
+
+
+
+
+
+
Lm ngui clinker
Vn chuyn v cha clinker
Nghin clinker
Silo xi mng
ng bao
Xut xi mng
- H thng k thut :
+ H thng cp in v iu khin
+ H thng cp v x l nc
+ H thng kh nn
4.2.3. Gii php kin trc v kt cu cng trnh
Cc hng mc cng trnh ln nh kho vi, st, thp trao i nhit, ng
khi, sil, nh nghin, v tr cc cng xut, nhp...
4.3. GII PHP BVMT TRONG THI CNG XY DNG
4.3.1. Gim thiu tc ng trong san lp to mt bng
Bin php gim thiu nhim bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn to mt bng
xy dng nh my.
4.3.2. Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh
Bin php gim thiu nhim bi v cc cht kh c hi, hn ch cc tc ng
xu ti mi trng xung quanh.
4.3.3. Gim thiu ting n v rung ng
Bin php gim thiu ting n v rung ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng.
4.3.4. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi
Bin php gim thiu, hn ch tc ng ca nc thi trong qu trnh thi cng
xy dng ca d n.
4.3.5. Gim thiu nhim do nc ra tri b mt
Nc ma chy trn s cun theo t cc cht thi, vt liu ri vi, du m
56
trn b mt t vo ngun nc, gy tc ng n mi trng t, nc. Bin

php hn ch nhim do nc ma chy trn trn b mt.
4.3.6. Bin php kim sot nhim do cht thi rn trong xy dng
- i vi cht thi rn sinh hot.
- i vi cht thi xy dng.
- i vi du m thi.
4.3.7. Bin php t chc thi cng xy lp
- B tr mt bng t chc thi cng.
- Yu cu v thit b, my phc v thi cng cng trnh.
- Bin php thi cng cc khoan nhi.
4.3.8. Bin php gim thiu cc tc ng khc
- i vi sc kho ngi lao ng.
- i vi vn an ton lao ng.
- i vi vn x hi.
4.4. GII PHP BVMT TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG
4.4.1. Gii php ngn nga nhim v s c
y l mt trong nhng gii php rt quan trng v n cho php lm gim lng
cht thi ngay ti ngun thi v khc phc c nhng nh hng bt li i vi
mi trng do cc cht thi nhim gy ra.
- La chn hng nh hp l s dng mt cch tt nht cc iu kin thng
gi t nhin, ci thin mi trng lao ng bn trong nh xng.
- Xc nh kch thc vng cch ly v sinh cng nghip gia cc hng mc cng
trnh ca nh my cng nh gia nh my v khu dn c m bo s thng
thong gia cc cng trnh, hn ch lan truyn nhim, m bo phng chy,
cha chy v gim thiu nhng nh hng trc tip do cht thi i vi con
ngi v cc cng trnh xung quanh.
- p dng cng ngh tin tin, cng ngh sn xut sch, t cht thi.
- Thc hin ch vn hnh thit b cng ngh.
4.4.2. Kim sot kh thi
- Cng on p v vn chuyn vi st.
57
- Cng on nhn, gia cng v cha ph gia, nhin liu.

- Cng on ng nht s b.
- Cng on nghin nguyn liu.
- Cng on sil cha ng nht nguyn liu v cp liu cho l.
- Cng on vn chuyn v nghin than.
- Cng on l nung.
- Cng on vn chuyn v cha clinker.
- Cng on nghin xi mng.
- Cng on xut clinker, xut xi mng.
- Cng on ng bao xi mng.
4.4.3. Kim sot nc thi
Nguyn tc x l nc thi sn xut
X l nc thi sn xut l giai on cui cng ca h thng thot nc thi. X
l nc thi l qu trnh cng ngh lm cho nc thi tr nn sch hn, tiu
chun v sinh x vo mi trng tip nhn. la chn c phng php
cng nh dy chuyn cng ngh, cn thit phi xc nh mc XLNT. Trc
tin phi tnh ton xc nh s ln pha long nc thi vi nc ngun n ti
im tnh ton (im kim tra). Sau mc x l nc thi E theo cc thng
s tnh ton c xc nh theo cc phng trnh sau :
- i vi nc thi cha mt cht nhim :
C 0 C ng + nC cp
E=
C nt C 0
.100 , %
C nt
Trong :
C0 - Nng cht nhim trong nc thi x ra ngun;
Cnt - Nng cht nhim trong nc thi trc khi x l;
Cng - Nng cht nhim trong ngun trc khi tip nhn nc thi;
Ccp - Nng gii hn cho php ca cht nhim theo mc ch s dng;
n - S ln pha long nc ngun vi nc thi ti im tnh ton;
E - Mc x l nc thi cn thit.
58
- i vi nc thi cha nhiu cht nhim :

Ci ,0 n(C i ,cp C i ,ng ) + C i ,ng
C i ,0 = (1
Ei
)C i ,nt
100
Ei C i ,nt n 1 m C i ,ng
1 m
(
1
<1
100 ) C + n
n i =1
i =1 C i ,cp
i ,cp
Trong :
i - Cht nhim th i;
m - S phn t cht nhim (thng s tnh ton) trong nc thi.
Cc bc x l lin quan n mc x l cn t c theo cc tiu chun v
sinh mi trng. Nc thi sn xut thng c x l theo 3 bc (mc ) :
- Bc th nht (x l bc mt hay x l s b ) :
Lm trong nc thi bng phng php c hc loi cc cht rn ln nh rc,
ct x... v bn, cn. y l mc bt buc i vi tt c cc dy chuyn cng
ngh XLNT. Hm lng cn l lng trong nc thi sau khi x l giai on
ny phi nh hn 150 mg/l nu nc thi c x l sinh hc tip tc hoc b
hn cc quy nh nu trong cc tiu chun mi trng lin quan nu x nc
thi trc tip vo ngun nc mt.
- Bc th hai (x l bc hai hay x l sinh hc) :
X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc. Giai on x l ny c xc nh
trn c s tnh trng s dng v qu trnh t lm sch ca ngun nc tip nhn
nc thi. Trong bc ny ch yu l x l cc cht hu c d oxy ho sinh ho
(BOD) khi x ra ngun nc thi khng gy nhim hu c v thiu ht
oxy.
- Bc th ba (x l bc ba hay x l trit ) :
Loi b cc hp cht nit v pht pho khi nc thi. Giai on ny rt c
ngha i vi qu trnh ph dng nh hng nhiu n cht lng nc mt.
- X l bn cn trong nc thi :
Trong nc thi c cc cht khng ho tan nh rc, ct, cn lng, du m... Cc
loi ct (ch yu l thnh phn v c v t trng ln) c phi kh v san
nn, rc c nghin nh hoc vn chuyn v bi chn lp rc. Cn lng c
gi li trong cc b lng t mt (thng c gi l cn s cp) c hm lng
59
hu c ln c kt hp vi bn th cp (ch yu l sinh khi vi sinh vt d),

hnh thnh trong qu trnh x l sinh hc nc thi, x l theo cc bc tch
nc s b, n nh sinh hc trong iu kin ym kh hoc hiu kh v lm kh.
Bn cn sau x l c th s dng c lm phn bn .
- Giai on kh trng :
Sau qu trnh lm sch nc thi l yu cu bt buc i vi mt s loi nc
thi hoc mt s dy chuyn cng ngh x l trong iu kin nhn to. Nh vy,
nc thi ca cc nh my sn xut xi mng c x l nhm loi b cc yu t
c hi l cc kim loi nng, du m, kim v cc tp cht kh v cc cht
c hi khc.
- Gii php kim sot nc thi :
Gim thiu cht thi
vo mi trng
Cng ngh sn xut sch hn

v t cht thi
Cp nc tun hon
v dng li nc thi
X l nc thi trc
khi x ra ngun
Quan trc v gim st nhim
Hnh : S nguyn tc kim sot nhim nc

- T chc thot nc :
Nc ma
Nc thi sn xut
X vo
h thng
thot
nc
ma
Tch nc ma t u
X l s b
Cp nc tun hon
Nc v sinh cng nghip

Nc thi sinh hot
Trung ho v lng
X l ti ch
60
X ra ngoi
Hnh : S t chc thot nc

- X l nc thi:
NC THI SN XUT
NC THI SINH HOT
Tch nc ma
t u
X l lng s b, lm mt
H thng cp nc
tun hon
NC MA
Nc ma t u
Cp tun
hon
X L TCH DU M
Tch du, m
Thot nc ma
X L B T HOI
NGUN TIP NHN
Hnh : S t chc thot nc v x l nc thi

4.4.4. Kim sot nhim ting n
Ting n truyn ra mi trng xung quanh c xc nh theo m hnh truyn
m t ngun n sinh ra v tt dn theo khong cch, gim i qua vt cn cng
nh cn k n nh hng nhiu x ca cng trnh v kt cu xung quanh :
L = Lp - Ld - Lb - Ln
Trong :
L Mc n truyn ti im tnh ton mi trng xung quanh.
Lp Mc n ca ngun n.
Ld Mc n gim i theo khong cch (d).
Lb Mc n gim i khi truyn qua vt cn.
Ln Mc n b khng kh v b mt xung quanh hp th.
4.4.5. Kim sot cht thi rn
Gii php tng hp qun l cht thi rn trong sn xut xi mng l va gii
quyt vn nhim mi trng, va gp phn nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong
61
qu trnh sn xut do thu hi cht thi ti s dng, tit kim c nguyn liu
cho sn xut.
Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn
Thay i, ci tin
cng ngh sn xut
Thu gom, x l
cht thi rn
Ti s dng
cht thi rn
Nng cao hiu qu kinh t
Hnh : S nguyn tc v gii php tng hp qun l cht thi rn

Composting
CTR sinh hot
CTR t
sn xut xi
mng
L t CTR
CTR cng nghip

thng thng
Bi chn lp
CTR
Ti
ch/
thu
hi
ti s
dng
CTR cng nghip

nguy hi
Hnh : S nguyn l kim sot CTR t sn xut xi mng

4.4.6. p dng sn xut snh hn trong sn xut xi mng
Mc tiuca sn xut sch hn l trnh nhim bng cch s dng nguyn liu,
vt liu, nhin liu v nng lng mt cch c hiu qu nht. iu c ngha
l thay v thi b s c thm mt t l nguyn vt liu c chuyn thnh sn
phm. S p dng sn xut sch hn trong cng ngh sn xut xi mng nh
sau :
SN XUT SCH HN TRONG SN XUT XI MNG
Qun l ni vi
Tun hon
Ci tin thit b
Tn thu, ti s dng
Cng ngh sn xut mi

62
Hnh : Sn xut sch hn trong cng ngh xi mng

4.4.7. Cc gii php phng nga v ng cu s c mi trng
- Xy dng quy trnh ng ph s c.
- Phng php phng chng chy v phng chng nhim du.
- Bin php ng ph x l du trn.
- H thng tip a chng st.
- H thng bo chy.
- H thng cu ho.
4.5. CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG
4.5.1. Cng trnh x l kh thi
M t chi tit c tnh k thut, s lng, chng loi cc cng trnh x l mi
trng ca d n p dng trong giai on thi cng xy dng v vn hnh. Tin
thi cng v hon thnh cc cng trnh x l.
4.5.2. Cng trnh x l nc thi
4.5.3. Cng trnh x l ting n v rung
4.5.4. Cng trnh x l cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi
4.5.5. D ton kinh ph cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng
D ton chi tit cc cng trnh x l mi trng ca d n p dng trong giai
on thi cng xy dng v vn hnh. n gi v thnh tin.
Bng : Tng hp d ton kinh ph cng trnh x l mi trng
63
TT
I
1
2
3
II
1
2
3
III
1
2
3
IV
1
2
3
Cng on sn xut
Cng trnh x l
S lng
(ci)
n gi
(VN)
Thnh tin
(VN)
Cc cng trnh x l kh thi
Cc cng trnh x l ting n, rung
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi
Cc cng trnh thu gom v x l cht thi rn
Tng cng
Bng : Kinh ph vn hnh cc cng trnh x l mi trng

TT
Ni dung cng vic
Cng trnh x l
Kinh ph vn hnh
(VN/thng, nm)
1
2
4.6. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG

4.6.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
Mc tiu ca chng trnh
Mc tiu ca chng trnh qun l v quan trc cht lng mi trng ngnh
cng nghip sn xut xi mng l thu thp mt cch lin tc cc thng tin v s
bin i cht lng mi trng, kp thi pht hin nhng tc ng xu n
mi trng ca d n v xut cc bin php ngn nga v gim thiu
nhim. Mt khc quan trc cht lng mi trng ca khu vc cn nhm bo
m cho cc h thng x l nhim, h thng x l nc thi, h thng x l
kh thi v cc h thng khc trong khu vc hot ng ca nh my sn xut xi
mng c hiu qu, bo m cht lng nc thi v kh thi sau khi x l t
tiu chun x vo ngun nc v vo mi trng khng kh theo quy nh ca
TCVN 5945-2005, TCVN 5937-2005, TCVN 5939-2005.
Qun l mi trng trong giai on thi cng xy dng
64
- C cu t chc.
- i vi hot ng thi cng xy dng.
- i vi hot ng thi cng lp t thit b.
Qun l mi trng trong giai on vn hnh
- C cu t chc.
- Bin php qun l.
4.6.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng
Gim st ngun thi
- Mc tiu gim st :
+ Ngun kh thi.
+ Ngun nc thi.
+ Cht thi rn.
- Thng s gim st : Gim st cc thng s nhim c trng ca cht thi theo
tiu chun v quy chun hin hnh ca Vit Nam.
- Tn sut gim st : Gim st cc ngun thi theo quy nh.
Gim st mi trng xung quanh
Gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh :
- V tr cc im quan trc mi trng khng kh :
+ Khu vc nhp nguyn liu, nhin liu;
+ Khu vc my p, nghin vi, st;
+ Phn xng nghin than;
+ Khu vc l nung;
+ Khu vc nghin clinker;
+ Khu vc ng bao
+ Khu vc xut clinker, xi mng
+ Khu vc cui hng gi cch ngun thi 300m, 500m, 1000m v 1500m,
i vi cc thng vo cc ma chuyn tip nh thng 10, thng 11 v thng 4 v
thng 5 nn ch n s thay i hng gi. Ngoi ra hng gi cng c th
thay i khc nhau theo thi gian trong ngy, do vic gim st iu kin kh
tng thu vn v ghi li cc iu kin mi trng c trng cng l iu quan
trng v ht sc cn thit phc v cho cng tc nh gi v nhn xt kt qu
quan trc.
65
- Cc thng s quan trc mi trng kh :

+ Kh tng : Nhit (oC), m (%), vn tc gi (m/s), hng gi, p sut
kh quyn (mmHg).
+ Bi TSP, bi PM10, v cc cht kh CO, CO2, SO2, NO2.
+ Ting n : LAeq, LAmax v mc n theo cc di octa (LAocta).
- Quy nh v quan trc v phn tch mu kh :
+ i vi cc yu t kh tng : cn tun th theo ng quy nh ca ngnh kh
tng thu vn.
+ i vi cc yu t mi trng : cc cht kh c hi, bi, ting n... c ly
mu phn tch vi tn sut 2 ln trong 1 nm vo ma kh v vo ma ma.
Thi gian quan trc lin tc trong ngy, cc ch tiu c phn tch theo cc tiu
chun Vit Nam TCVN v tiu chun quc t ISO.
Gim st cht lng mi trng nc :
- Cc thng s quan trc mi trng nc :
Nhit nc, pH, hm lng cn l lng, BOD5, CODKMnO4, NH4+, SiO2, Fe,
Zn, Pb, As, Du.
- V tr cc im quan trc mi trng nc :
+ im x nc thi ca nh my;
+ Ngun nc mt trong khu vc;
+ Ngun nc ngm trong khu vc.
- Quy nh quan trc v phn tch mu nc :
+ i vi cc ch tiu mi trng nc c ly mu v phn tch vi tn sut 2
ln trong 1 nm, vo ma kh v vo ma ma. Cc ch tiu c phn tch theo
tiu chun TCVN 5945-2005.
+ Thit b ly mu v phng php phn tch : theo TCVN.
V tr cc im gim st mi trng phi c th hin trn bn khu vc d
n ng vi cc thnh phn mi trng cn gim st.
66
CHNG 5.
Cam kt thc hin
cc bin php bo v mi trng, tham vn cng ng
5.1. CAM KT TUN TH PHNG N THIT K QUY HOCH
Ch u t phi cam kt tun th phng n thit k quy hoch d n nh my
xi mng nh i vi quy m v tnh cht ca d n, phng n thit k tng mt
bng, phn khu chc nng cc cng trnh ca d n, h thng ng giao thng,
h thng cung cp nc, h thng thot nc, x l nc thi...
5.2. CAM KT THC HIN CC BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG
TRONG GIAI ON LP D N U T
Ch u t phi cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng trong giai
on lp d n u t nh cam kt phi hp cht ch vi cc cp chnh quyn
a phng thc hin cng tc n b v gii phng mt bng, tun th cc quy
nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam v bo v mi trng trong qu trnh
trin khai v thc hin d n nh xut trong bo co TM.
TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG
Ch u t phi cam kt s thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu
trong giai on thi cng xy dng nh trnh by trong chng 4, gm :
- Gim thiu cc tc ng trong cng tc san i mt bng.
- Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh.
- Gim thiu nhim ting n v rung ng.
- Gim thiu nhim nhit.
- Gim thiu nhim nc thi.
- Gim thiu nhim do nc ma chy trn.
- Thc hin v sinh mi trng v an ton lao ng
TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG CA D N
Ch u t phi cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong
giai on hot ng ca d n nh trnh by trong chng 4, gm :
- Bin php x l kh thi.
67
- Bin php x l nc thi sinh hot.

- Bin php x l nc thi t cc cng on sn xut xi mng.
- Bin php thu gom v x l cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi.
- Bin php gim thiu khng ch nhim i vi mi trng vt l .
- Bin php phng chng chy n, an ton v s c mi trng.
5.5. CAM KT TUN TH CC TIU CHUN MI TRNG BT
BUC P DNG
Ch u phi t cam kt tun th nghim tc cc Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi
trng bt buc p dng.
5.6. CAM KT GIM ST MI TRNG
- Ch u t phi cam kt s thc hin chng trnh gim st mi trng (nh
trnh by trong chng 4).
- Kinh ph dnh cho gim st mi trng ca d n.
5.7. THAM VN CNG NG
5.7.1. Mc tiu
- Xc nh cc bn lin quan.
- Gii thiu d n v cc vn mi trng lin quan.
- Hin trng s dng t. Nhng yu t mi trng cha c nhn bit.
- Ly kin phn hi v thng nht cc kt qu.
- M rng qu trnh tham vn i vi nhng d n m cc bn lin quan tr
thnh cc i tc cng tham gia vo vic thit k, thc hin d n v qu trnh ra
quyt nh.
5.7.2. La chn k thut tham vn cng ng
Bng : La chn k thut tham vn cng ng
Thu thp thng tin
Bng cu hi, iu tra
kho st v ly kin
Phng vn
Ph bin thng tin

Truyn thng
(i, TV, bo)
Trng by, trin lm
nh gi cc vn
mi trng
Hp dn
Tham vn
Hp nhm, hi tho
Hi ngh, hi tho
chuyn
Cc vn mi
trng
68
Tham gia
Chnh quyn thn,
x
Hp
Cc hot ng i
n s ng thun
5.7.3. Bin php tham vn cng ng

- Ch d n gi vn bn n U ban nhn dn v U ban Mt trn T quc cp
x thng bo v nhng ni dung c bn ca d n, nhng tc ng xu v mi
trng ca d n, nhng bin php gim thiu tc ng xu v mi trng s p
dng v ngh gp kin bng vn bn. Trong trng hp U ban nhn dn
hoc U ban Mt trn T quc cp x c yu cu i thoi, ch d n phi phi
hp thc hin. Kt qu cuc i thoi c ghi thnh bin bn, trong phn
nh y nhng kin tho lun, kin tip thu hoc khng tip thu ca
ch d n, bin bn c ch k (ghi h tn, chc danh) ca ngi ch tr cuc i
thoi v ch d n hoc i din ch d n, km theo danh sch i biu tham
d.
Nhng kin tn thnh, khng tn thnh ca U ban nhn dn, U ban Mt trn
T quc cp x, ca a biu tham d cuc i thoi phi c th hin trong
ni dung bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n. Cc vn bn gp
kin ca U ban nhn dn, U ban Mt trn T quc cp x, bin bn cuc i
thoi v cc vn bn tham vn cng ng khc phi c sao v nh km trong
phn ph lc ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n.
- Tin hnh iu tra kinh t x hi v ly kin ca cng ng dn c xung
quanh v nhng hot ng ca d n.
- Cam kt ca ch d n v nhng kin ng gp ca U ban Nhn dn v U
ban Mt trn T quc cp x v nhng kin ca cng ng dn c xung quanh
khu vc d n.
thc hin c cc bin php nu trn, c th p dng cc mu tham vn
cng ng nh sau :
69
CH QUN U T
CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
Ch u t d n
c lp T do Hnh phc
S :
/CV-CT
--------------------o0o----------------V/v Thng bo ni dung d n u t, cc tc ng
v cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng
..............., ngy thng nm 200
Knh gi : UBND v UBMTTQ x, phng........

- Cn c Quyt nh s .................................
- Cn c Cng vn s ........................................
- Cn c Lut Bo v mi trng do Quc hi Nc CHXHCN Vit Nam
ban hnh ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 v Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy
08/09/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v Hng dn nh gi tc ng
mi trng ca d n.
Cng ty ............................................. (Ch u t d n) xin thng bo
vi y ban Nhn dn x, phng........................................... ni thc hin d n,
v nhng ni dung c bn ca d n, cc tc ng mi trng, cc bin php
gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng ca D n
u t xy dng Nh my Xi mng .............................. (chi tit nu ti ph lc
km theo vn bn ny).
Knh ngh y ban Nhn dn x, phng................................ tham gia
ng gp kin bng vn bn v cc vn bo v mi trng ca d n nu
trn.
Xin trn trng cm n./.
CH U T D N
Ni nhn:
- Nh trn;
- Trung tm Mi trng T&CN ( t/h);
- Lu VP VSIP JSC.
70
Ph lc : Tm tt nhng ni dung c bn ca d n, cc tc ng mi
trng, cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v
ng ph s c mi trng ca D n u t xy dng..............................
(Km theo vn bn s
/CV-CDT ngy thng nm 2008 ca CDT)
1. Tn d n : D n u t xy dng Nh my Xi mng .................................
2. a im xy dng : ......................................................................................
3. Cng ngh v quy m sn xut :
3.1. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut : ....................................................................
3.2. Quy m v c cu sn phm : ......................................................................
3.3. Ngun nguyn nhin liu chnh : .................................................................
3.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu cho sn xut : .............................................................
3.5. Cc cng on sn xut chnh : ..................................................................
4. Cc cng trnh ph tr ca d n :
4.1. H thng cp nc : .....................................................................................
4.2. H thng thot nc x l nc thi : ..........................................................
4.3. H thng cp kh nn : .................................................................................
4.4. H thng cung cp du : ..............................................................................
4.5. H thng cu ho v phng chy cha chy : .............................................
4.6. H thng ng giao thng : ......................................................................
5. T chc thi cng xy lp :
5.1. Phng n b tr mt bng t chc thi cng : .............................................
5.2. Vt liu xy dng v in nc thi cng : ....................................................
5.3. Thit b thi cng : .........................................................................................
5.4. Phng n thi cng :
5.4.1. Bin php thi cng nn mng : .................................................................
5.4.2. An ton lao ng : ....................................................................................
5.5. T chc gim st nghim thu thi cng xy lp : ..........................................
6. Tin thc hin d n :
6.1. T chc thc hin thi cng xy lp : ............................................................
6.2. Tng tin thi cng xy lp : ....................................................................
7. Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng ch yu ca d n :
7.1. Cc ngun thi kh :
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
71
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
7.2. Cc ngun gy ting n v rung :
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
7.3. Cc ngun thi nc :
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
7.4. Cc ngun cht thi rn :
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
- Cng on ........................................................................................................
8. nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n :
8.1. Giai on thi cng xy dng :
8.1.1. Cc yu t tc ng chnh n mi trng : .............................................
8.1.2. Tc ng ca nhim bi trong mi trng khng kh : .........................
8.1.3. Tc ng ca nhim kh thi : ...............................................................
8.1.4. Tc ng ca nhim ting n v rung : .................................................
8.1.5. Tc ng ca nhim nc thi :
- Tc ng ca nc nc ma chy trn trn cng trng : .............................
- Tc ng ca nc thi sinh hot : ...................................................................
- Tc ng ca nc thi thi cng : ....................................................................
8.1.6. Tc ng ca cht thi rn :
- Cht thi rn xy dng : ...................................................................................
- Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng : ............................................
8.2. Giai on hot ng ca d n :
8.2.1. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh :
- i vi ngun thi :
+ Hm lng bi ca cc ngun thi : ................................................................
+ Hm lng cc cht kh c hi t cc ngun thi : ........................................
- i vi mi trng khng kh xung quanh :
+ Nng bi : ...................................................................................................
+ Nng cc cht kh c hi : ........................................................................
8.2.2. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng nc :
- Nc thi sinh hot : ........................................................................................
- Nc thi sn xut : ..........................................................................................
8.2.3. nh gi tc ng ca cht thi rn :
- Cht thi rn sinh hot : ....................................................................................
- Cht thi rn cng nghip : ..............................................................................
- Cht thi rn nguy hi : ....................................................................................
8.2.4. nh gi tc ng ca ting n v rung : .................................................
8.2.5. nh gi tc ng ca nhim nhit : .....................................................
8.2.6. nh gi tc ng i vi h sinh thi khu vc :
72
- H sinh thi trn cn : ......................................................................................

- H sinh thi di nc : ...................................................................................
8.2.7. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng kinh t x hi :
- Cc tc ng tch cc : .....................................................................................
- Cc tc ng tiu cc : .....................................................................................
9. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c
nhim mi trng ca d n :
9.1. Bin php khng ch nhim trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng :
9.1.1. Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh : ............................................
9.1.2. Gim thiu nhim mi trng nc : .....................................................
9.1.3. Kim sot nhim do cht thi rn trong xy dng : ...............................
9.1.4. Phng chng s c trong thi cng xy dng : ..........................................
9.2. Bin php khng ch nhim trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n :
9.2.1. Cc bin php kim sot v x l bi :
- i vi cng on ............................................................................................
- i vi cng on ............................................................................................
- i vi cng on ............................................................................................
9.2.2. Cc bin php khng ch v x l kh thi :
- i vi cng on ............................................................................................
- i vi cng on ............................................................................................
9.2.3. Cc bin php khng ch nhim ting n v rung : ...............................
9.2.4. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng nc :
- Xy dng h thng thot nc : .......................................................................
- Xy dng trm x l nc thi : .......................................................................
- Kim sot nhim ngun nc : ......................................................................
9.2.5. Ci thin yu t vi kh hu trong nh my : ..............................................
9.2.6. Gim thiu tc ng ca cht thi rn : ....................................................
9.2.7. Bin php gim thiu cc tc ng kinh t x hi : ..................................
9.2.8. Phng chng v ng cu s c mi trng : .............................................
9.2.9. Chng trnh gim st v qun l cht lng mi trng :
- Gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh bn trong v xung quanh : ...........
- Gim st cht lng mi trng nc thi v cc ngun tip nhn nc thi ..
- Gim st nng cc cht nhim ca cc ngun thi kh, ngun thi lng..
- Gim st hiu qu lm vic ca cc thit b x l nhim mi trng ...........
10. Cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng ca d n :
Ch d n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut Xi mng m bo thc hin
nghim chnh cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ca d n ti mi
trng, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng nh trnh by trn v cam
kt :
- Cam kt thc hin tt c cc bin php, cc quy nh chung v bo v mi
trng c lin quan n qu trnh trin khai thc hin d n.
73
- Cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc tc ng xu trong giai

on thi cng xy dng ca d n.
- Cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu trong giai on
hot ng ca d n.
- Cam kt lp t ton b cc thit b x l nhim mi trng trc khi a d
n i vo hot ng v vn hnh c hiu qu trong qu trnh sn xut.
- Cam kt thc hin chng trnh gim st v qun l cht lng mi trng
trong sut thi gian hot ng ca d n.
- Cam kt m bo cc Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam bt buc p dng.
Trn y l nhng ni dung c bn ca D n u t xy dng Nh my Xi
mng.................................., cng vi nhng tc ng chnh ca d n ti mi
trng khu vc v cc bin php gim thiu nhng tc ng xu, cc bin php
phng nga ng ph s c nhim mi trng i vi tng cng on sn xut
ca nh my. Cc bin php gim thiu ny s c thc thi trong sut qu trnh
hot ng ca nh my.
Cng ty ................. (Ch u t d n) xin knh bo lnh o UBND v
UBMTTQ x, phng (ni thc hin d n) v ngh UBND v UBMTTQ x,
phng ng gp kin cc hot ng ca d n m bo bn vng v tun
th Lut Bo v mi trng ca Nh nc Vit Nam.
74
HUYN ........
UBND X, PHNG ......
c lp T do Hnh phc
S :
/CV-UBND
V/v ng gp kin cho d n
--------------------o0o-----------------
.............., ngy thng
nm 200
Knh gi : Cng ty ...................................

(Ch D n u t xy dng Nh my Xi mng................ )
UBND x ......, huyn ........., tnh ............ nhn c Cng vn s ........./CV-CT
ngy ...... thng ...... nm 2008 ca Cng ty ....................................., Ch D n u t
xy dng Nh my Xi mng .................... v vic Thng bo ni dung ca d n, cc
tc ng ti mi trng ca d n v cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu,
phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng ca d n. Trn c s nghin cu nhng ni
dung trnh by trong cng vn ca Ch d n, chng ti c kin nh sau :
1. V cc tc ng xu ti mi trng ca d n ( kin ng hay khng ng vi
ni dung ca bo co, cc vn c th) :
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
2. V cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ti mi trng ca d n ( kin ng
hay khng ng vi ni dung ca bo co, cc vn c th) :
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
3. Kin ngh i vi Ch d n (cc yu cu, kin ngh ca cng ng i vi Ch d
n lin quan n vic cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ti
mi trng ca d n v cc kin ngh khc c lin quan n d n) :
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Trn y l nhng kin ca UBND x ........ gi Cng ty .......................................
(Ch d n) tng hp v x l.
CH TCH UBND X ......................
Ni nhn :
- Nh trn;
- Lu VP.
75
HUYN ........
UBMTTQ X, PHNG ......
c lp T do Hnh phc
S :
/CV-UBND
V/v ng gp kin cho d n
--------------------o0o-----------------
.............., ngy thng
nm 200
Knh gi : Cng ty ...................................

(Ch D n u t xy dng Nh my Xi mng................ )
UBMTTQ x ......, huyn ........., tnh ....... nhn c Cng vn s ........./CV-CT
ngy ...... thng ...... nm 2008 ca Cng ty ....................................., Ch D n u t
xy dng Nh my Xi mng .................... v vic Thng bo ni dung ca d n, cc
tc ng ti mi trng ca d n v cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu,
phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng ca d n. Trn c s nghin cu nhng ni
dung trnh by trong cng vn ca Ch d n, chng ti c kin nh sau :
1. V cc tc ng xu ti mi trng ca d n ( kin ng hay khng ng vi
ni dung ca bo co, cc vn c th) :
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
2. V cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ti mi trng ca d n ( kin ng
hay khng ng vi ni dung ca bo co, cc vn c th) :
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
3. Kin ngh i vi Ch d n (cc yu cu, kin ngh ca cng ng i vi Ch d
n lin quan n vic cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ti
mi trng ca d n v cc kin ngh khc c lin quan n d n) :
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Trn y l nhng kin ca UBMTTQ x ............................................. gi Cng ty
....................................... (Ch d n) tng hp v x l.
CH TCH UBMTTQ X .....................
Ni nhn :
- Nh trn;
- Lu VP.
76
CH U T D N
PHIU THAM VN V MI TRNG H DN C

(TM D n Nh my Xi mng )
I. H dn tham vn :
- Tn ch h : ................................................. Tui : .........................................
- Thn : ............................................... X, phng : ..........................................
- Huyn, Tp : ....................................... Tnh : ....................................................
- S nhn khu : ........... n tui lao ng : ......... Cha n tui lao ng : ....
II. Hin trng s dng t :
- Tng din tch t (m2) : ................................ t nh (m2) : .......................
- t vn (m2) : .............................................. t khc (m2) : ........................
III. Hin trng kinh t :
- Din tch trng la (ha) : ............................... Sn lng (T/ha) : ....................
- Din tch hoa mu (ha) : ............................... Sn lng (T/ha) : .....................
- Ngnh ngh khc : ........................................ Thu nhp (thng) : ....................
- Hin trng s dng in, nc cho sinh hot : .................................................
IV. Cc yu cu v kin ngh ca ch h v d n :
1. V vn thu hi t : ........
2. V vn n b t, nh ca v hoa mu : ...
3. V vn GPMB ca d n : ..
4. V vn di di, ti nh c : .
5. V vn m bo cuc sng : ..
6. V vn mi trng i vi cc hot ng ca d n :
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
7. Cc yu cu v kin ngh khc :
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.., Ngy thng nm 200
NGI C THAM VN
(K v ghi h tn)
NGI THAM VN
77
CH U T D N
PHIU THAM VN V MI TRNG CHUYN GIA

(TM D n Nh my Xi mng )
I. Thng tin c nhn c tham vn
- H v tn : ................................................. Tui : ...........................................
- Trnh chuyn mn : Ph thng
Cao ng
i hc
- Chc v : ............................... in thoi : ..................... Mobile : ..................
- C quan cng tc : ............................................................................................
- a ch : ............................................................................................................
II. kin v nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n
S dng
t
Hp l
KHL
L do :
.
.
.
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
Tc ng
i sng
cng
ng
Mnh Tt

TB
TB

Nh
Xu

Mnh nht Xu nht
l
do
.... .
.
................. ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................. ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................ ................
................
GPMB
Tc ng nhim nhim nhim nhim

sc kho nc mt nc ngm khng kh ting n
cng ng
nhim
t
Cht thi
rn
Mnh
TB

Nh

Mnh nht
do
....
................
...............
...............
................
...............
................
...............
................
...............
................
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
Mnh
TB

Nh

Mnh nht
do
....
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
................
................
...............
...............
Nhiu
TB

t

Nhiu nht
do ........
.
.................
.................
.................
.................
................
..................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
.................
..................
.................
.................
Mnh
TB

Nh

Mnh nht
do
...
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
...............
................
................
................
................
................
...............
Mnh
TB

Nh

Mnh
nht do
...
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
................
...............
................
................
Mnh Mnh
TB
TB

Nh
Nh

Mnh nht Mnh
nht do
do
.... ....

................ ...............
................ ...............
................ ...............
................ ...............
................ ...............
............... ...............
................ ................
............... ................
................ ...............
............... ................
............... ...............
............... ...............
............... ...............
............... ...............
............... ................
.
.., Ngy thng nm 200

NGI C THAM VN
(K v ghi h tn)
NGI THAM VN
78
KT LUN.
Kt lun v kin ngh
I. KT LUN
Phi c kt lun v nhng vn nh nhn dng v nh gi c ht nhng
tc ng cha, cn ci g cha r, nh gi tng qut v mc , quy m ca
nhng tc ng xc nh, mc kh thi ca cc bin php gim thiu tc
ng, nhng tc ng tiu cc no khng th c bin php gim thiu v vt
qu kh nng cho php ca ch d n v kin ngh vi cc cp, cc ngnh lin
quan hng gii quyt.
II. KIN NGH
Kin ngh vi cc cp, cc ngnh lin quan gip gii quyt nhng vn vt
kh nng gii quyt ca d n.
79
PH LC.
Cc ph lc ca d n
I. PH LC 1
Cc vn bn php l ca d n.
II. PH LC 2
Cc vn bn tham vn cng ng v iu tra kinh t x hi ca d n.
III. PH LC 3
Kt qu quan trc v phn tch mi trng.
IV. PH LC 4
Danh mc cc thit b chnh ca cng ngh sn xut xi mng (tn thit b, c
tnh k thut, s lng, hng sn xut, nm sn xut).
V. PH LC 5
Cc bn v thit k ca d n.
80

7d064a60d95a45c5a0802656298569ea

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

7d064a60d95a45c5a0802656298569ea

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

II. CC CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM D N ....... 5

IV. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM D N ....................................... 6

V. T CHC THC HIN TM D N .................................................................................... 7

1.4. C IM V CNG NGH SN XUT XI MNG ...................................................... 11

1.5. CC CNG TRNH CA D N ....................................................................................... 12

1.6. CC CNG TRNH H TNG K THUT CA D N ............................................... 13

1.7. CHI PH U T CA D N .......................................................................................... 14

1.8. T CHC QUN L D N .............................................................................................. 14

2.1. CC IU KIN T NHIN KHU VC D N .............................................................. 15

2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht ......................................................................................................................... 15

2.2. HIN TRNG CC THNH PHN MI TRNG T NHIN ..................................... 18

2.3. IU KIN KINH T - X HI .......................................................................................... 27

3.1. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON LP D N ............................................ 31

3.2. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON GPMB ...................................................... 32

3.3. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG....................................... 34

3.4. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON HOT NG CA D N ................................. 39

4.1. NGUYN TC ...................................................................................................................... 55

4.3. GII PHP BVMT TRONG THI CNG XY DNG ....................................................... 56

4.4. GII PHP BVMT TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG................................................... 57

4.5. CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG ...................................................................... 63

4.6. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG ......................................... 64

5.1. CAM KT TUN TH PHNG N THIT K QUY HOCH..................................... 67

III. NGUN S LIU, D LIU

Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho

2. Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp

Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho

IV. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM D N

- Phng php so snh : Dng nh gi cc tc ng trn c s Tiu chun

+ a ch vn phng ti Vit Nam.

1.3.3. V tr tip gip ca d n

1.4. C IM V CNG NGH SN XUT XI MNG

1.6. CC CNG TRNH H TNG K THUT CA D N

- Thng c s gi nng trung bnh thp nht.

Bc x mt tri ban ngy

Cc s liu quan trc cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin c th ly t nhiu

Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc khu vc d n

+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, to im ly mu.

Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc khu vc d n

Thng s phn tch

Hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc d n

- Cc thng s phn tch :

Bng : Gi tr trung bnh nng cc cht kh v bi

Hin trng ting n khu vc d n

- Cc thng s phn tch ting n tch phn : LAeq, LAmax (dBA).

Bng : Gi tr trung bnh ca ting n theo cc di Octa

Hin trng mc rung khu vc d n

+ Thi gian o v phng php o.

2.2.10. H sinh thi di nc

+ Cc cng trnh lin quan khc

Phiu iu tra kinh t x hi phng, x

Phiu iu tra kinh t x hi cc h dn c

Ngy ......... thng ........ nm 200

phiu iu tra sc kho cng ng

3.1.3. nh gi v mt bng dy chuyn sn xut

3.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi

thi, cht thi rn trong giai on

hin d n (trn cn, di

3.3. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG

Cc cht nhim khng kh

Da vo c trng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh, xc nh

hu c, cc cht cn b v vi sinh... (xc nh ti lng cc cht nhim).

Lng cht bn tch t trong mt thi gian c xc nh nh sau :

Ngun gy rung ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n l t cc my