GII CHI TIT THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011

Mn thi : HA HC, khi B- M : 794

Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1; He = 4; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Sr = 88; Ag=108; Sn = 119; Ba = 137.
PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong X l 11,864%. C th
iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16 gam X?
A. 10,56 gam
B. 7,68 gam
C. 3,36 gam
D. 6,72 gam
Hng dn:
Trong NO3- t l s mol N:O = 1:3
%O/X = 48.11,864/14 = 40,68%
% Kim loi/X = 100 - %N/X - %O/X = 100- 11,864% - 40,68% = 47,45%
m kim loi = 47,45%.14,16 = 6,72 gam.

Cu 2: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi thy phn
trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l:
A. 4
B. 2
C. 5
D. 3
Hng dn:
Cc cht ln lt l: anlyl axetat (CH3COO-CH2CH=CH2) ; metyl axetat ( CH3COOCH3) ; etyl fomat ( HCOOC2H5) ; tripanmitin (
(C15H31COO)3C3H5)

Cu 3: Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va vi mt lng NaOH, thu c 207,55 gam
hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng l:
A. 31 gam
B. 32,36 gam
C. 30 gam
D. 31,45 gam
Hng dn:
Ch s axit = 7 s mg KOH cn trung ha axit t do = 200.7=1400mg = 0,025mol = nNaOH
Gi a l s mol NaOH p cht bo nguyn cht v 0,025 l s mol ca NaOH p vi lng axit t do, sau p khi lng cht tng
ln so vi ban u = 207,55 200 = 7,55 gam.
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng ta c:
H(1)Na(23)
0,0250,025
C3H5(41) 3Na (23)
a..3a
m = 0,025(23-1) + (23.3a 41a) = 7,55 a = 0,25
vy nNaOH = 3a + 0,025 = 3.0,25 + 0,025 = 0,775 mNaOH = 0,775.40 = 31gam.

Cu 4: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X):

(a) Cho X vo bnh cha mt lng d kh O3 ( iu kin thng)
(b) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HNO3 (c)
(c) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (khng c mt O2)
(d) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch FeCl3
Th nghim m Cu b oxi ha cn Ag khng b oxi ha l:
A. (a)
B. (b)
C. (d)
D. (c)
Hng dn:
Ta thy ion Fe3+ c tnh oxh mnh hn ion Cu2+ nhng yu hn ion Ag+. Do vy Ag khng b oxh bi ion Fe3+.

Cu 5: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau khi phn ng kt thc th lng NaOH
phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tha mn cc
tnh cht trn l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 2
Hng dn:
nNaOH = 12/40 = 0,3
n este = 0,15
este n chc m c nNaOH/n este = 0,3/0,15 = 2 X l este ca phenol
X = RCOOC6H5
RCOOC6H5 + 2NaOH RCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O
0,15--------------------------0,15--------------0,15
0,15(R + 67) + 0,15.116 = 29,7 R = 15
Ta c cc ng phn sau: CH3COOC6H5 v HCOO-C6H4-CH3-(o,m,p)

Cu 6: Cho phn ng : C6H5-CH=CH2 + KMnO4 C6H5-COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + KOH + H2O

Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng trn l:

A. 27
B. 31
C. 24
D. 34
Hng dn:
C6H5-CH=CH2 C6H5-COOK ta thy nhm -OOK c tng in tch m = -3, nhm H=CH 2 cng c tng in tch m = -3
C/H=CH2 mang in tch = -6 , sau p to C/CO32- c s oxh = +4, vy : C6H5-CH=CH2 10e K2CO3 v KMnO4 + 3e
MnO2
3C6H5-CH=CH2 + 10KMnO4 3C6H5-COOK + 3K2CO3 + 10MnO2 + 1KOH + 4H2O
Cu 7: Cho dy cc oxi sau: SO2, NO2, NO, SO3, CrO3, P2O5, CO, N2O5, N2O. S oxit trong dy tc dng c vi H 2O iu kin
thng l:

A. 5
Hng dn:

B. 6

C. 8

D. 7

- SO2 + H2O H2SO3.

- 2NO2 + H2O + 1/2O2 2HNO3.
- SO3 + H2O H2SO4.
- CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 H2Cr2O7.
- P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4.
- N2O5 + H2O 2HNO3.

Cu 8: luyn c 800 tn gang c hm lng st 95% , cn dng x tn qung manhetit cha 80% Fe 3O4 (cn li l tp
cht khng cha st). Bit rng lng st b hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 1%. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 959,59
B. 1311,90
C. 1394,90
D. 1325,16
Hng dn:
Qung hematit c thnh phn chnh l Fe3O4 , hao ht 1% tng ng vi hiu sut = 99%
mFe c trong gang = 800.95% = 760 tn
Fe3O4 3Fe
x = 760.232.100.100/56.3.80.99 = 1325,16 tn

Cu 9: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?

A. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng)
B. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng)
C. Dung dch NaOH (un nng)
D. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng)
Hng dn:
Triolein l mt este do vy n khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2.

Cu 10: Cho cc phn ng:

(a) Sn + HCl (long) t
(b) FeS + H2SO4 (long)
t
(c) MnO2 + HCl (c)
(d) Cu + H2SO4 (c)
(e) Al + H2SO4 (long) (g) FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
S phn ng m H+ ca axit ng vai tr oxi ha l:
A. 3
B. 6
C. 2
D. 5
Hng dn:
0

2 phn ng (a) v (e) H+ b kh to kh H2 vy H+ ng vai tr l cht oxh trong 2 p .

Phn ng (b) l p trao i; (c) MnO2 l cht oxh, Cl- l cht kh ; (d) Cu l cht kh, SO42- l cht oxh ; (g) Fe2+ l cht kh,
MnO4- l cht oxh, H+ ng vai tr l mi trng.

Cu 11: Choxt,ts phn ng :

(1) X + O2 xt,t
axit cacboxylic Y1
(2) X + H2 xt,t
ancol Y2
(3) Y1 + Y2
Y3 + H2O
Bit Y3 c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X l:
A. anehit acrylic
B. anehit propionic
C. anehit metacrylic D. andehit axetic
0

Hng dn:
Y1 v Y2 c to thnh t X s C trong Y1 v Y2 bng nhau , Y3 c 6C Y1 v Y2 c 3C
Y3 l este khng no X l hp cht khng no X l CH2=CH-CHO

Cu 12: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:

(a) Nung NH4NO3 rn.
(b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H2SO4 (c)
(c) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch NaHCO3.
(d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d).
(e) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4.
(g) Cho dung dch KHSO4 vo dung dch NaHCO3.
(h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long).

(i) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4 (d) , un nng.

S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l:
A. 2
B. 6
C. 5
Hng dn:

D.4

(a): NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O

(b): NaCl + H2SO4 (c) HCl + NaHSO4.
(c): Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO
HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + H2O + CO2
(d): CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
(e): SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4.
(g): KHSO4 + NaHCO3 K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O.
(h): PbS khng p vi HCl
(i): Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O.

Cu 13: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H+, z mol Al3+, t mol NO3- v 0,02 mol SO42-. Cho 120 ml dung dch Y gm KOH 1,2M
v Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 3,732 gam kt a. Gi tr ca z, t ln lt l:
A. 0,020 v 0,012
B. 0,020 v 0,120
C. 0,012 v 0,096
D. 0,120 v 0,020
Hng dn:
nBa2+ = 0,012 , n OH- = 0,168 ;
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
0,012.0,020,012
khi lng BaSO4 = 0,012.233 = 2,796 khi lng Al(OH)3 = 3,732 2,796 = 0,936 n
Al(OH)3 = 0,012
H+ + OH- H2O
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
0,1..0,1
z...3z.z
S mol OH- cn = 0,168 0,1 3z = 0,068 3z : Al(OH)3 + OH- [Al(OH)3-]
S mol kt ta Al(OH)3 cn li = z (0,068 3z) = 0,012 z = 0,02
Bo ton in tch 0,1 + 3z = t + 0,02.2 th z = 0,02 vo, suy ra t = 0,12
Cu 14: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:

A. Na, K, Ba
Hng dn:

B. Mg, Ca, Ba

C. Na, K , Ca

D. Li , Na, Mg

Kim loi kim c kiu mng lp phng tm khi; Be, Mg c kiu mng lc phng ; Ca, Sr c kiu mng lp phng tm din;
Ba c kiu mng lp phng tm khi.

Cu 15: Pht biu no sau y l sai?

A. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thy tinh.
B. nhit thng, tt c kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v
D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim dn
Hng dn:
Nh ta bit Be v Mg iu khng p vi H2O iu kin thng.

Cu 16: Pht biu no sau y l sai?

A. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
B. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
C. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr.
Hng dn:
Tt c cc tinh th phn t u d nng chy v d bay hi (nc , bng phin,..)

Cu 17: hiro ha hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Mt
khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 th thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng
thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l:
A. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO
B. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO
C. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO
D. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO
Hng dn:
n andehit = 0,025, nH2 = 0,05 Ta thy s mol H2 gp i s mol andehit mi cht trong X c 2 lin kt pi (loi B) ; nAg/s
mol andehit = 0,08/0,025 = 3,2 c 1 andehit 2 chc.
da vo quy tc ng cho ta tm c s mol RCHO = 0,01 v s mol R(CHO)2 = 0,015
0,01(R + 29) + 0,015(R + 58) = 1,64 R = 27(CH2=CH-) v R = 14 (-CH2-) (D)

Cu 18: Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi H2 l 17. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol
hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh dung dch Ca(OH) 2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi
tr ca m l:

A. 5,85
Hng dn:

B. 3,39

C. 6,6

D. 7,3

Cc cht trn c c im chung l u cha 4 nguyn t H trong phn t

t cng thc chung l CXH4, c M = 17.2 = 34 x = 2,5
C2,5H4 2,5CO2 + 2H2O
0,05 0,125..0,1
Khi lng bnh tng = mCO2 + mH2O = 0,125.44 + 0,1.18 = 7,3gam.

Cu 19: Nhit phn 4,385 gam hn hp X gm KClO3 v KMnO4, thu c O2 v m gam cht rn gm K2MnO4, MnO2 v
KCl . Ton b lng O2 tc dng ht vi cacbon nng , thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 l
16. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca KMnO4 trong X l:
A. 62,76%
B. 74,92%
C. 72,06%
D. 27,94%
Hng dn:
C nng p vi O2 thu c hn hp kh c M = 32 2 kh l CO v CO2 vi s mol = 0,04
Dng quy tc ng cho tnh c s mol CO = 0,03 v s mol CO2 = 0,01 n O2 = 0,03/2 + 0,01 = 0,025.
KClO3 KCl + 3/2O2.
x..3/2x
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
yy/2
Ta gii h: 122,5x + 158y = 4,385 v 3/2x + y/2 = 0,025 x = 0,01 v y = 0,02
% khi lng KMnO4 = 0,02.158/4,385 = 72,06%.

Cu 20: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm CO, CO2 v H2. Cho ton b X
tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Ha tan ton b Y bng dung dch HNO3 (long, d)
c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Phn trm th tch kh CO trong X l:
A. 18,42%
B. 28,57%
C. 14,28%
D. 57,15%
Hng dn:
nX = 0,7 , nNO = 0,4
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O.
0,6.0,4
n(CO + H2) = nCuO p = nCu = 0,6 nCO2 = 0,7 0,6 =0,1.
Da vo s mol CO2 tm c v t l cc nguyn t trong p, tng s mol (CO + H 2) ta thit lp c pt p:
4C + 4H2O CO2 + 2CO + 4H2
0,010,02..0,04
% th tch CO = 0,02/0,07 = 28,57%.

Cu 21: Ha tan cht X vo nc thu c dung dch trong sut, ri thm tip dung dch cht Y th thu c cht Z (lm
vn c dung dch). Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. phenol, natri hiroxit, natri phenolat
B. natri phenolat, axit clohiric, phenol
C. phenylamoni clorua, axit clohiric, anilin
D. anilin, axit clohiric, phenylamoni clorua
Hng dn:
C6H5ONa tan c trong nc to dung dch trong sut, khi cho HCl vo, do phenol c tnh axit yu hn nn b HCl y ra khi
mui ( do phenol t tan trong nc nn thy dung dch b vn c) .
C6H5ONa + HCl C6H5OH + NaCl.

Cu 22: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30 ml dung dch gm H 2SO4 0,5M
v HNO3 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N +5). Trn a mol
NO trn vi 0,1 mol O2 thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H2O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z.
Gi tr ca z l:
A. 1
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
Hng dn:
Gi a l s mol Ag nCu = 4a 108a + 64.4a = 1,82 a = 0,005 mol.
nH2SO4 = 0,015 ; nHNO3 = 0,06 nH+ = 0,015.2+0,06 = 0,09 ; nNO3- = 0,06
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O.
0,02...4/75.1/751/75
3Ag + 4H+ + NO3- 3Ag+ + NO + 2H2O.
0,0051/150.1/600
nNO = 1/75 + 1/600 = 0,015
2NO + 3/2O2 + H2O 2HNO3
0,015 0,1 0,015
+
[H ] = 0,015/0,15 = 0,1 pH = -lg0,1 = 1

Cu 23: Cho cn bng ha hc sau: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

2SO3 (k) ; H < 0

Cho cc bin php : (1) tng nhit , (2) tng p sut chung ca h phn ng, (3) h nhit , (4) dng thm cht xc
tc V2O5, (5) gim nng SO3, (6) gim p sut chung ca h phn ng. Nhng bin php no lm cn bng trn chuyn
dch theo chiu thun?
A. (2), (3), (4), (6)
B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (2), (4), (5)
D. (2), (3), (5)
Hng dn:
Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ha hc
+ Nhit
i vi phn ng ta nhit ( H < 0) : Khi tng nhit cn bng chuyn dch sang chiu nghch, gim nhit cn bng
chuyn dch sang chiu thun
i vi phn ng thu nhit ( H > 0) : Khi tng nhit cn bng chuyn dch sang chiu thun, khi gim nhit cn bng
chuyn dch sang chiu nghch.
+ Nng :
Khi gim nng ca mt cht cn bng s chuyn dch sang chiu to ra cht , ngc li, khi tng nng ca mt cht cn
bng s chuyn dch sang chiu lm gim nng ca cht .
+ p sut:
Khi tng p sut cn bng s chuyn dch sang chiu gim s phn t kh, khi gim p sut cn bng s chuyn dch sang chiu
tng s phn t kh. ( nu s mol kh 2 bn bng nhau th p sut khng nh hng n chiu phn ng)
Ch : cht xc tc ch c tc dng lm tng tc phn ng ch khng lm thay i chiu phn ng.
Vy cc bin php (2), (3), (5) s lm cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun.

Cu 24: Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl3 x mol/lt v Al2(SO4)3 y mol/lt tc dng vi 612 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau
khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho 400 ml E tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 (d) th
thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l
A. 4 : 3
B. 3 : 4
C. 7 : 4
D. 3 : 2
Hng dn:
nAlCl3 = 0,4x ; nAl2(SO4)3 = 0,4y; nNaOH = 0,612; nAl(OH)3 = 0,108 ; nBaSO4 = 0,144
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
0,1440,144
nAl2(SO4)3 = 0,144/3 = 0,048 4y = 0,048 y = 0,12
nAl3+ = 0,4x + 0,12.2 =0,4x + 0,096
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3(1)
(0,4x + 0,096)..(1,2x+0,288)0,4x+ 0,096

Al(OH)3 + OH- [Al(OH)4-] (2)

S mol OH cn p (2) l 0,612- 1,2x-0,288 = 0,324 -1,2x
S mol kt ta cn li = (0,4x + 0,096) (0,324 - 1,2x) = 0,108 x = 0,21
Vy ta c, x:y = 0,21:0,12 = 7/4
-

Cu 25: Hn hp X gm O2 v O3 c t khi so vi H2 l 22 . Hn hp kh Y gm metylamin v etylamin c t khi so vi

H2 l 17,833. t chy hon ton V1 lt Y cn va V2 lt X (bit sn phm chy gm CO2, H2O v N2, cc cht kh o
cng iu kin nhit , p sut). T l V1 : V2 l:
A. 3 : 5
B. 5 : 3
C. 2 : 1
D. 1 : 2
Hng dn:
t l s mol CH5N:C2H7N = 2:1 Cng thc chung ca 2 amin l C4/3H17/3N:
C4/3H17/3N 4/3CO2 + 17/6H2O
1.4/317/6
nO tham gia p = nO/CO2 + nO/H2O = 8/3 + 17/6 = 5,5
MX = 22.2=44
mX = mO = 5,5.16 = 88gam nX =88/44 = 2 V1 : V2 = 1:2
bi ny c th gii = cch bo ton e, O2 v O3 nhng e cn metylamin v etylamin nhn e.

Cu 26: Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam X tc dng
vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam Ag v dung dch E. Cho
ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO2 (ktc). Tn ca Z l:
A. anehit propionic B. anehit butiric
C. anehit axetic
D. anehit acrylic
Hng dn:
nAg = 0,17; nCO2 = 0,035
E tc dng vi HCl thu c kh CO2 trong E c (NH4)2CO3 vy hn hp ban u c andehit fomic: v
HCHO +
4[Ag(NH3)2]OH (NH4)2CO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O + 4Ag
S mol CO2 = 0,035 s mol HCHO = 0,035 s mol Ag do HCHO to ra = 0,035.4 = 0,14s mol Ag to ra t Z = 0,17 0,14
= 0,03 s mol Z =0,03/2 = 0,015
khi lng HCHO = 0,035.30=1,05gam khi lng Z = 1,89 1,05 = 0,84
M Z = 0,84/0,015 = 56 (C2H3CHO : andehit propionic)

Cu 27: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(a) Khi t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X bt k, nu thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O th X l anken.
(b) Trong thnh phn hp cht hu c nht thit phi c cacbon.
(c) Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr.
(d) Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng phn t khi l ng phn ca nhau
(e) Phn ng hu c thng xy ra nhanh v khng theo mt hng nht nh
(g) Hp cht C9H14BrCl c vng benzen trong phn t
S pht biu ng l
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 5
Hng dn:
(a) sai : xicloankan cng c cng thc phn t tng t anken do vy khng th da vo d kin nCO2 = nH2O m khng nh
c.
(b) ng : hp cht hu c l hp cht ca Cacbon ( tr 1 s cht v c: oxit ccbon, mui cacbonat,..)
(c) ng : Hp cht hu c l hp cht gia cacbon, hiro v 1 s t nguyn t khc (O,N,P,S..) lin kt chnh trong hp cht hu
c l lin kt gia C v H, do m in gia 2 nguyn t ny khc nhau khng nhiu, do vy, a phn lin kt trong hp cht
hu c l lin kt cng ha tr.
(d) sai : ng phn l nhng cht c cng cng thc phn t ( ch khng phi cng khi lng phn t) nhng trt t sp xp
cc nguyn t khc nhau dn n tnh cht khc nhau ( vd: C2H4 = 28, CO cng = 28)
(e) sai: "Phn ng hu c thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng xc nh, thng cn un nng hoc
cn c xc tc".
(g) sai: s lin kt pi + vng ( pi + v) ca hp cht cha C,H v Halogen c tnh bng cng thc
S (pi+v) = [2C+2 (H+X)]/2 = [2.9+2-(14+1+1)]/2 = 2
Mt hp cht mun c vng benzen th s (pi+v) phi ln hn hoc bng 4 ( v vng benzene c 3 ni i( mi ni i c 1 lin kt
pi )v 1 vng)

Cu 28: Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc?

A. (C6H5)2NH v C6H5CH2OH
C. (CH3)3COH v (CH3)3CNH2
Hng dn:

B. C6H5NHCH3 v C6H5CH(OH)CH3
D. (CH3)2CHOH v (CH3)2CHNH2

+ Bc ca amin chnh l s nguyn t hyr c thay th. Thay th 1, 2 hoc 3 nguyn t hyr, ln lt ta c amin bc
1 (primary amine), amin bc 2 (secondary amine) v amin bc 3 (tertiary amine).
Amoniac:

Amin bc 1:

Amin bc 2:

Amin bc 3:

+ Bc ca ancol chnh l bc ca ccbon mang nhm OH (bc ca ccbon = vi s lng nguyn t ccbon lin kt vi n)

Vy: (C6H5)2NH bc 2; C6H5CH2OH bc 1; C6H5NHCH3 bc 2; C6H5CH(OH)CH3 bc 2; (CH3)3COH bc 3; (CH3)3CNH2 bc 1;

(CH3)2CHOH bc 2; (CH3)2CHNH2 bc 1.

Cu 29: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn:

khi lng ca
A. 8,92%
Hng dn:

37
17

Cl trong HClO4 l:
B. 8,43%

37
17

Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l

C. 8,56%

35
17

D. 8,79%

M trung bnh ca Cl = [37.24,23 + 35(100-24,23)]/100 = 35,48 vC

M HClO4 = 100,48
37
% 17 Cl /HClO4 = 37.24,23%/100,48 = 8,92%.

Cu 30: Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl2 l:

A. Bt Mg, dung dch NaNO3, dung dch HCl B. Bt Mg, dung dch BaCl2, dung dch HNO3
C. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2CO3, dung dch HCl D. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2S, dung dch HNO3
Hng dn:

Cl . Thnh phn % theo

+ p n A loi NaNO3 v HCl

+ p n B loi BaCl2
+ p n C loi HCl
+ D : FeCl2 + Cl2 FeCl3
FeCl2 + Na2S FeS + NaCl.
FeCl2 + HNO3 FeCl3 + NO + H2O.

Cu 31: Chia hn hp gm hai n chc X v Y (phn t khi ca X nh hn ca Y) l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn
bng nhau:
- t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam H2O.
- un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c 1400C to thnh 1,25 gam hn hp ba ete. Ha hi hon ton hn hp ba ete trn,
thu c th tch ca 0,42 gam N2 (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut).
Hiu sut ca phn ng to ete ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 30% v 30%
B. 25% v 35%
C. 40% v 20%
D. 20% v 40%
Hng dn:
nCO2 = 0,25 ; nH2O = 0,35 ; nN2 = 0,015 = n ete
Ta thy nH2O > nCO2 ru no, n n ru = 0,35 0,25 = 0,1
C trung bnh = nCO2 /n ru =0,25/0,2 = 2,5
V 2 ru lin tip s mol 2 ru = nhau v = 0,1/2 = 0,05
Trong p ete ha th s mol ru = 2 ln s mol ete s mol ru tham gia p ete ha = 0,015.2 = 0,03 vy tng hiu sut to
ete ca 2 ru = 0,03/0,05 = 60%
+ Gi s ch C2H5OH to ete m ete thu c = 0,015(2.46 - 18) = 1,11g
+Gi s ch C3H7OH to ete m ete thu c = 0,015(2.60 18) = 1,53
Da vo khi lng ete thu c thc t v gi s, p dung quy tc ng cho tnh c t l C 2H5OH/C3H7OH = 2/1 hiu
sut to ete ln lt ca 2 ru = 40% v 20%.

Cu 32: Thc hin cc phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr2O3 (trong iu kin khng c O2), sau
khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (long, nng), sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt H2 (ktc). Cn nu cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c,
nng), sau khi phn ng kt thc th s mol NaOH phn ng l:
A. 0,06 mol
B. 0,14 mol
C. 0,08 mol
D. 0,16 mol
Hng dn:
nCr2O3 = 0,03 ; nH2 = 0,09
nu nh Al p ht sau p, th ch c Cr to ra p vi HCl, th s mol H2 gii phng do Cr p vi HCl = 0,06 < 0,09 Vy chng
t rng lng Al vn cn d s mol H2 do Al to ra khi p vi HCl = 0,03 s mol Al = 0,02.
Vy X c 0,03 mol Al2O3 to ra, 0,06 mol Cr v 0,02 mol Al d.
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
0,03.0,06
n NaOH p vi X = 0,06 + 0,02 = 0,08 (ch : Cr khng p c vi NaOH).

Cu 33: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K2CO3 0,2M v KOH x mol/lt , sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 (d), thu c 11,82 gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,0
B . 1,4
C. 1,2
D. 1,6
Hng dn:
nCO2 = 0,1; nK2CO3 = 0,02; nKOH = 0,1x; nBaCO3 = 0,06
Ta thy n CO32-/ kt ta = 0,06 ; n CO32- c ban u = 0,02, vy ta xem nh CO2 p vi OH- to ra 0,04 mol CO32-:
CO2 + OH- HCO30,10,1.0,1
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
0,040,04...0,04
Vy: n KOH = 0,1 + 0,04 = 0,1x x = 1,4
( ch CO2 c phn ng vi CO32-: CO2 + CO32- + H2O 2HCO3- )

Cu 34: Pht biu no sau y l ng?

A. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ha hc, ch cn dng thuc th l
nc brom.
B. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc phm, m
phm.
C. Phn ng gia axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to thnh benzyl axetat c mi thm ca chui
chn.
D. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH3COOH vi CH3OH, H2O to nn t -OH trong nhm -COOH ca axit v H
trong nhm -OH ca ancol.
Hng dn:

+ iu kin thng benzen v toluen u khng phn ng vi nc brom A sai

+ Este khng to c lin kt hiro vi nc, do vy n rt t tan trong nc ( khng tan) B sai.
+ benzyl axetat( CH3COOCH2C6H5) c mi thm ca hoa nhi, cn amyl axetat ( CH3COOC5H11) mi c mi thm ca chui chn
C sai

Cu 35: Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6. C bao nhiu t thuc loi t
poliamit?
A. 2
B. 1
C. 4
D. 3
Hng dn:
T poliamit l loi t c cha lin kt amit ( -NH-CO-)
Nhng loi t thuc loi t poliamit l : t capron ( nilon-6), t enan ( nilon-7), t nilon-6,6.
T xenluloz axetat, t visco l t nhn to (l loi t c sn xut t cc polime thin nhin nhng c ch ha thm bng
con ng ha hc)
T nitron thuc loi t vinylic c tng hp t vinyl xianua ... T nitron dai, bn vi nhit v gi nhit tt nn thng c
dng dt vi may qun o ...

Cu 36: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:

(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit
(c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)2, to phc mu xanh lam.
(d) Khi thy phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu c mt loi
monosaccarit duy nht.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c Ag.
(g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 6
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Hng dn:
(a); (b); (c); (e) ng
(d) sai: Thy phn saccaroz thu c 2 monosaccarit l glucoz v fructoz, thy phn mantoz thu c mt monosaccarit l
glucoz
(e) sai: ch c glucoz v fructoz l 2 monosaccarit phn ng vi H2 mi thu c sobitol

Cu 37: Cho ba dung dch c cng nng mol : (1) H2NCH2COOH, (2) CH3COOH, (3) CH3CH2NH2. Dy xp theo th
t pH tng dn l:
A. (3), (1), (2)
B. (1), (2), (3)
C. (2) , (3) , (1)
D. (2), (1), (3)
Hng dn
(1) l amioaxit c s nhm NH2 = s nhm COOH Trung tnh (pH = 7)
(2) l axit pH < 7
(3) L amin mch h c tnh baz (pH >7)
Vy th t s l (2) < (1) < (3).

Cu 38: Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c 2,16 gam H2O.
Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l:
A. 25%
B. 27,92%
C. 72,08%
D. 75%
Hng dn:
vinyl axetat ( C4H6O2) ; metyl axetat v etylfomat c chung cng thc phn t C3H6O2. Gi a l s mol C4H6O2 v b l s mol
C3H6O2.
C4H6O2 3H2O
C3H6O2 3H2O
a..3a
b..3b
Ta c h pt: 86a + 74b = 3,08 v 3a + 3b = 2,16/18 = 0,12
a = 0,01 v b = 0,03
% s mol vinyl axetat = 0,01/(0,01+0,03) = 25%

Cu 39: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol hn hp M,
thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l:
A. 20%
B. 50%
C. 40%
D. 30%
Hng dn:
S C trung bnh = nCO2/nM = 3x/x = 3 ankin l C3H4
S H trung bnh = 2nH2O/nM = 2.1,8x/x = 3,6 s H trong andehit phi < 3,6 m s H phi l s chn andehit l C 3H2O
Dng quy tc ng cho suy ra t l n andehit : n ankin = 1:4 % s mol andehit = 1/(1+4) = 20%.

Cu 40: Cho dy cc cht: SiO2, Cr(OH)3, CrO3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al2O3. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch
NaOH( c, nng) l
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4

Hng dn:
Tt c cc cht trn u c phn ng vi NaOH c, nng.
+ SiO2 + NaOH Na2SiO3
+ Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O
+ CrO3 + 2NaOH Na2CrO4 + H2O
+ Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O
+ NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
+ Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O

PHN RING (10 cu)

Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: S ng phn cu to ca C5H10 phn ng c vi dung dch brom l:
A. 8
B. 9
C. 5
D. 7
Hng dn:
C5H10 l anken hoc cicloankan, cicloankan phn ng c vi dung dch Brom th ch c cicloankan vng 3 cnh ( ta c 3 ng
phn loi ny)
V c 5 ng phn anken sau:
C-C-C-C=C ; C-C-C=C-C; C-C-C(C)=C; C-C=C(C)-C ; C=C-C(C)-C
Vy tng cng c 8 ng phn tha mn.

Cu 42: X l hn hp gm H2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C nh hn 4),

c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton
b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 22,4
B. 5,6
C. 11,2
D. 13,44
Hng dn:
Khi lng ca X trc v sau phn ng khng i nt.Mt = ns.Ms
ns = nt.Mt/Ms = 2.4,7/9,4 = 1
S mol kh gim i 1 mol chnh l s mol H2 tham gia p cng
CnH2nO + H2 CnH2n + 2O + Na 1/2H2
10,5
V H2 = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2 lt.

Cu 43: Pht biu no sau y l sai?

A. Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
B. Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
C. Trong y hc, ZnO c dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh nga
D. Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
Hng dn:
Tnh dn in ca kim loi c xp theo th t : Ag > Cu > Au > Al >Fe

Cu 44: Cht hu c X mch h c dng H2N-R-COOR' (R, R' l cc gc hirocacbon), phn trm khi lng nit trong X
l 15,73%. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH, ton b lng ancol sinh ra cho tc dng ht vi CuO
(un nng) c anehit Y (ancol ch b oxi ha thnh anehit). Cho ton b Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 12,96 gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,67
B. 4,45
C. 5,34
D. 3,56
Hng dn:
n Ag = 0,12
MX = 14.100/15,73 = 89 X = H2N-CH2COOCH3
H2N-CH2COOCH3 CH3OH HCHO 4Ag
0,03 ..0,12
m = 0,03.89 = 2,67 gam.

Cu 45: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, Al2O3, Zn, K2CO3, K2SO4. C bao nhiu cht trong dy
va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Hng dn:
Cht va tc dng c vi axit va tc dng vi baz gm : cc kim loi Al, Zn, Sn, Be, Pb,.. v cc cht lng tnh
Cht lng tnh:
+ L oxit v hidroxit ca cc kim loi Al, Zn, Sn, Pb; Cr(OH)3 v Cr2O3.
+ L cc ion m cn cha H c kh nng phn li ra ion H+ ca cc cht in li trung bnh v yu ( HCO3-, HPO42-, HS-)
( ch : HSO4- c tnh axit do y l cht in li mnh)
+ L mui cha cc ion lng tnh; mui to bi hai ion, mt ion c tnh axit v mt ion c tnh baz ( (NH4)2CO3)
+ L cc amino axit,

Cht c tnh axit:

+ L ion dng xut pht t cc baz yu (Al3+, Cu2+, NH4+....), ion m ca cht in li mnh c cha H c kh nng phn li ra H+
(HSO4-)
Cht c tnh baz:
L cc ion m (khng cha H c kh nng phn li ra H+)ca cc axit trung bnh v yu : CO32-, S2-,
Cht trung tnh:
L cc ion m hay dng xut pht t cc axit hay baz mnh : Cl-, Na+, SO42-,..
Ch :1 s kim loi c phn ng c vi axit v baz nhng khng c gi l cht lng tnh.
Vy ta c 5 cht tha mn l : Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, Al2O3, Zn.

Cu 46: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng
dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A.32,50
B. 20,80
C. 29,25
D. 48,75
Hng dn:
nFe2(SO4)3 = 0,12 n Fe3+ = 0,24
Zn + 2Fe3+ Zn2+ + 2Fe2+
0,12.0,24.0,24
Zn + Fe2+ Zn2+ + Fe
xx
65(0,12 + x) 56x = 9,6 x = 0,2 , vy: nZn p = 0,32 mZn = 0,32.65 = 20,8 gam.

Cu 47: Nhit phn mt lng AgNO3 c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y vo mt lng d H 2O, thu c
dung dch Z. Cho ton b X vo Z, X ch tan mt phn v thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca X phn ng l
A.25%
B. 60%
C. 70%
D. 75%
Hng dn:
AgNO3 Ag + NO3 (ngm hiu nh vy)
a.a.a
3Ag + 4HNO3 3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O (bo ton nguyn t N)
0,75aa
% X p = 0,75a/a = 75%.

Cu 48: Cho butan qua xc tc ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp X gm C 4H10, C4H8, C4H6, H2. T khi ca X so vi
butan l 0,4. Nu cho 0,6 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol brom ti a phn ng l
A. 0,48 mol
B. 0,36 mol
C. 0,60 mol
D. 0,24 mol

Hng dn:
Khi lng ca X trc v sau p khng thay i nt.Mt = ns.Ms nt.58 = 0,6.(0,4.58) nt = 0,24 n kh tng ln bng 0,6
0,24 = 0,36 mol ( gi s ch c p C4H10 C4H8 + H2, th s mol kh tng chnh l s mol kh H2 = vi s mol C4H8 s mol Br2
p cng = 0,36)

Cu 49: Trong qu gc chn rt giu hm lng:

A.ete ca vitamin A B. este ca vitamin A
Hng dn:

C. -caroten

D. vitamin A

Trong qu gc cha kh nhiu hm lng Beta carotene. L tin sinh t ca Vitamin A. Cht ny khi vo c th s chuyn thnh
vitamin A, loi vitamin tuyt vi i vi mt.

Cu 50: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(a) Anehit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
(b) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen
(c) Anehit tc dng vi H2 (d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt
(d) Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2
(e) Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ha
(f) Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen
S pht biu ng l
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
Hng dn:
(a); (c); (d); (f) ng
(b) sai : do nhm OH- y e nn mt e trong phenol ln hn benzen kh nng phn ng th ca phenol ln hn benzen.

(e) sai: phenol c tnh axit rt yu, yu hn c H2CO3 nn khng lm i mu dung dch qu.

B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)

Cu 51:Pht biu khng ng l
A.Etylamin tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng to ra etanol
B.Protein l nhng polopeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi chc triu
C.Metylamin tan trong nc cho dung dch c mi trng baz
D.ipeptit glyxylalanin (mch h) c 2 lin kt peptit
Hng dn:
D sai : ipeptit do 2 gc anpha aminoaxit to thnh, lin kt vi nhau qua mt lin kt peptit (-NH-CO-). S lin kt peptit = s
gc anpha aminoaxit 1.

Cu 52: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:

(a) Nhit phn AgNO3
(b) Nung FeS2 trong khng kh
(c) Nhit phn KNO3
(d) Cho dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch NH3 (d)
(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4
(g) Cho Zn vo dung dch FeCl3 (d)
(h) Nung Ag2S trong khng kh
(i) Cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO4 (d)
S th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi cc phn ng kt thc l
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Hng dn:
+ AgNO3 Ag + NO2 + O2
+ KNO3 KNO2 + O2
+ Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
+ Ag2S + O2 Ag + SO2
Ch c 3 th nghim to kim loi.

+ FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2

+ CuSO4 + NH3 + H2O [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
+ Zn + FeCl3(d) ZnCl2 + FeCl2 + FeCl3(d)
+ Ba + H2O + CuSO4 BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2 + H2

Cu 53: Ha tan 25 gam hn hp X gm FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 vo nc, thu c 150 ml dung dch Y. Thm H2SO4 (d)
vo 20ml dung dch Y ri chun ton b dung dch ny bng dung dch KMnO 4 0,1M th dng ht 30 ml dung dch
chun. Phn trm khi lng FeSO4 trong hn hp X l
A.13,68%
B. 68,4%
C. 9,12%
D. 31,6%
Hng dn:
n KMnO4 = 0,03 ,
5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O
0,0150,003
Trong 20ml dung dch c 0,015 mol Fe2+ trong 150 ml dung dch s c 0,015.150/20 = 0,1125 mol m FeSO 4 = 0,1125.152 =
17,1 gam % FeSO4 = 17,1/25 = 68,4%.

Cu 54: Cho s phn ng:

+H2O

+HCN

(1)CH3CHO
(2)C2H5Br

X1
+ Mg
ete

Y1

X2

H+ , to
+ CO2

Y2 Y3

+ HCl

Cc cht hu c X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3 l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X2, Y3 ln lt l
A. axit 3-hirxipropanoic v ancol propylic.
B. axit axetic v ancol propylic.
C. axit 2-hirxipropanoic v axit propanoic.
D. axit axetic v axit propanoic.
Hng dn:
CH3CHO + HCN CH2CH(CN)OH (X1) + H2O CH3CH(OH)COOH (X2: axit axit 2-hirxipropanoic) C

Cu 55: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h Y v Z (phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). t chy hon ton
a mol X, sau phn ng thu c a mol H2O. Mt khc, nu a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaHCO3, th thu c
1,6a mol CO2. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Y trong X l
A. 46,67%
B. 40,00%
C. 25,41%
D. 74,59%
Hng dn:
S mol X = s mol nc X c s H trung bnh = 2

X tc dng vi NaHCO3 c s mol CO2/nX = 1,6 X gm 1 axit n chc v 1 axit 2 chc 2 axit l HCOOH v HOOC-COOH
da vo quy tc ng cho tm c t l mol HCOOH:HOOC-COOH = 2:3 % HCOOH = 2.46/(2.46+3.90) = 25,41%.

Cu 56: Cho 5,6 gam CO v 5,4 gam H2O vo mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 10 lt. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian

8300C h t n trng thi cn bng: CO (k) + H2O (k)

CO2 (k) + H2 (k) (hng s cn bng Kc = 1). Nng cn
bng ca CO, H2O ln lt l
A. 0,018M v 0,008 M
B. 0,012M v 0,024M
C. 0,08M v 0,18M
D. 0,008M v 0,018M
Hng dn:
nCO = 0,2 [CO] = 0,02M

; n H2O = 0,3 [H2O] = 0,03M

CO (k) + H2O (k)

CO2 (k) + H2
B:
0,02
0,03
P:
x
x
Sp: 0,02 x 0,03-x
x
x
p dng cng thc hng s cn bng ta c: x2/(0,02-x).(0,03-x) = 1
x = 0,012
[CO] = 0,02 0,012 = 0,008M; [H2O]= 0,03 0,012 = 0,018M

Cu 57: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c dung dch X (hiu sut
phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th
lng Ag thu c l
A.0,090 mol
B. 0,095 mol
C. 0,12 mol
D. 0,06 mol
Hng dn:
Thy phn sacaroz hay mantoz sinh ra cc sn phm u c kh nng p vi AgNO3/NH3. Ch c sacacroz l khng c p
ny, sau phn ng lng matz cn 0,01 0,01.75% = 0,0025 mol
Vy tng s mol cc cht tham gia p vi AgNO3/NH3 = 2(0,02 + 0,01).75% + 0,0025 = 0,0475
S mol Ag to ra = 0,0475.2 = 0,095.

Cu 58: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,2M, sau mt thi gian phn ng thu c 7,76 gam hn hp
cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 10,53
gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l
A.3,84
B. 6,40
C. 5,12
D. 5,76
Hng dn:
n Ag+ = 0,08 , n Zn = 0,09
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
x2x..x
Zn + 2Ag+ Zn2+ + 2Ag ; Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu
(0,08-2x)
xx
S mol Zn p = x + (0,04 x) = 0,04 Zn d = 0,05 mol
Trong X c Ag to ra v Cu d, trong Z c Ag, Cu to ra v Zn d tng khi lng X v Z = 18,29
mCu = 18,29 mAg mZn (d) = 18,29 0,08.108 0,05.65 = 6,4 gam.

Cu 59: Trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ha Zn Cu th

A. khi lng ca in cc Zn tng
B. nng ca ion Cu2+ trong dung dch tng
C. nng ca ion Zn2+ trong dung dch tng D. khi lng ca in cc Cu gim
Hng dn:
Trong pin in ha Zn-Cu , Zn l kim loi c tnh kh mnh nn ng vai tr l cc m, ti y Zn s gii phng e to Zn 2+,cn
Cu ng vai tr l cc dng, ti y ion Cu2+ s kt hp vi e do Zn phng ra to Cu
Cc bn p: Zn 2e Zn2+ ( Cc m)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu ( Cc dng)
Vy trong cc pin in ha ni chung:
Kim loi mnh l cc m, yu l cc dng, cc m xy ra qu trnh ox ha ( ngc vi in phn) cc dng xy ra qu
trnh kh, khi lng cc m gim xung, khi lng cc dng tng ln, nng ion ca kim loi mnh hn tng ln, nng
ion ca kim loi yu hn gim xung.

Cu 60: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz
(b) Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ha ln nhau
(c) C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3
(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ha tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cho dung
(e)Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h
(f) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng 6 cnh (dng v )
S pht biu ng l

dch mu xanh lam

A.5
Hng dn

B. 3

C. 2

D. 4

(a) ng : Glu c nhm CHO nn lm mt mu dung dch Brom, Fructoz khng c nhm CHO nn khng lm mt mu
brom, nn dng brom ta phn bit c Glu v Fruc
(b) sai : Glu v Fruc chuyn ha ln nhau trong mi trng kim

(c) sai : do trong mi trng kim (NH3) Fruc chuyn ha thnh Glu, nn khng th phn bit c ( c Glu v Fruc u p vi
AgNO3/NH3 c)
(d) ng : Glu v Fruc u c nhiu nhm OH k nhau, do vy c 2 u p vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to phc mu xanh
lam.
(e) sai: trong dung dch Fruc tn ti c dng mch h v mch vng

(f) ng : trong dung dch glu tn ti ch yu dng mch vng (dng v )

HT
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