CHUYN TON: 1- C CH DI TRUYN Cc Cng Thc C Bn S nucleotit mi loi trong ADN: A=T ; G=X S nucleotit mi loi trong tng

g mch n ADN

A1 = T2 ,T1 = A2 ,G1 = X2 ,X1 = G2 A1 +A2 = T1 +T2 = A1 +T1 = A2 +T2 G1+ X1 = G2+ X2= G1+ G2 = X1+ X2 T l phn trm mi loi nucleotit trong ADN
A1% + A2% 2 G% = X % = G1% + G 2% 2

A% = T % =

Tng s cc loi nucleotit cc loi trong ADN = A+T+G+X = 2A + 2G = 2T + 2G = 2A + 2X = 2T = 2X

N 20

Tng s chu k xon trong ADN: C = Chiu di ca ADN: L = N x3,4 A 0 2

Khi lng phn t ADN: M = Nx 300 DVC S lin kt Hydro trong ADN: H = 2A + 3G = 2A+ 3X .= N +G Tng s lin kt ha tr gia ng v axit nucleic trong ADN: K = 2N 2 Tng s lin kt ha tr gi cc Nuclotit: K = N -2 S phn t ADN con c to ra 2n S phn t ADN con c to thm: 2n 1 S lng ADN con c to ra hon ton t Nucleotit t do 2n 2
1 T l s mch n ADN ban u so vi tng s mch n ADN trong cc phn t ADN c to ra. ( ) n 2

Tng s nucleotit cc loi mi trng phi cung cp cho ADN nhn i k ln Ntd = N ( 2k 1) Atd = T td = A ( 2k 1) G td = X td = G ( 2k 1)

Tng s nucleotit cc loi mi trng phi cung cp to ra ADN mi hon ton t nucleotit d do Atd = T td = A ( 2k 2) G td = X td = G ( 2k 2) Tng s lin kt hydro b ph hy = H( 2k-1) Tng s lin kt hydro c hnh thnh = H( 2k) S axitamin trong phn t protein hon chnh S lin kt pep tit trong phn t protein hon chnh Khi lng phn t protein hon chnh n= N rN 2 = n = 2 2.3 3

p = n -1 M = n . 110 vC

BI TP: BI 1. Mt gen c tng s 2 loi nucleotit bng 40% v s lin kt hydro bng 3240. Xc nh: a) S nucleotit mi loi c trong gen? b) S chu k xon ca gen? c) S lin kt ha tr trn tng mch n v ca c hai mch ca gen? BI 2. Trn mt on ADN xt phn t ADN c 2 gen. Gen 1 c s nucleotit loi T nhiu gp 1,5 ln nuleotit loi khc , s lin kt hydro gia cc cp A-T l 900. Trn mch 1 ca gen c G = 10%, mch 2 c A = 20% Gen 2 c s lin kt hydro nhiu hn gen 2 l 2100 v hiu s gia G vi mt loi nucleotit khc l 10%. Trn mch 1 ca gen 2 c thng s gia nucleotit loi G vi nucleotit loi X l 1/5. Hiu s gia nuleotit loi A vi T l 150. a) Xc nh chiu di ca mi gen b) Tnh s lng v t l phn trm mi loi nucleotit trn tng mch n ca mi gen c) Tng s lin kt ha tr c trong on ADN BI 3. Mt gen c s chu k xon l 120 v s lin kt hydro l 3120. Qu trnh t sao ca geb lm ph v 21840 lin kt hydro. Xc nh: a) S ln t sao ca gen? b) S nuleotit mi loi m mi trng ni bo phi cung cp cho qu trnh t sao ca gen to ra cc gen con c cu to hon ton t nucleotit t do ca mi trng? c) S lin kt hydro c hnh thnh thm trong t phn bo cui cngca gen? BI 4. Mt gen c chiu di 0,408 m, c A/G = 2/3. tnh s lng ca tng loi nu c trong gen. tnh tng s lin kt hidro c trong gen. Gen ny t nhn i ln 5 ln. tnh tng s lng Nu m mi trng cung cp cho qu trnh trn v tnh s lng tng loi nu mi ? BI 5. Mt gen cu trc c chiu di l 0,51 m, trong nu X chim 30% tng s nucltit ca gen. a) Tnh khi lng l bao nhiu vC b) Tnh s nucltit tng loi ca gen. c) Khi gen t nhn i lin tip 2 ln, mi trng ni bo cung cp s nucltit tng loi l bao nhiu? d) Gi s t bin xy ra lm tng them 1 lin kt hir ( S lng nucltit khng thay i), l t bin g? Gy hu qu nh th no i vi chui plipeptit tng ng c tng hp? BI 6. Cho phn t ADN c tt c 620 Nucleotit. S lng Adenin trn mch th nht gp 3 ln s Adenin trn mch th hai. S Xitozin trn mch th hai bng mt na s Xitozin trn mch th nht. Tnh s lng mi loi Nucleotit trn mi mch n ca phn t ADN bit rng c 50 Guanin trn mch th nht. BI 7. Mt gen c tt c 3400 Nucleotit. Trn mch th nht, s Adenin , Timin, Guanin ln lt l 305 ; 420 ; 700. Tnh s lng mi loi Nucleotit cn li trn mi mch ca gen?

BI 8. Mt gen c tch s t l % gia 2 loi Nucleotit khng b sung l 4%. Bit rng s lng loi Adenin ln hn loi Guanin. Tm t l % tng loi Nucleotit ca gen? BI 9. Trn mch th nht ca gen c 10% Adenin v 30% Timin. Gen c 540 Guanin. Tnh s Nucleotit ca gen ?

BI 10.Mch n th nht ca mt gen c chiu di0,408m. Hiu s gia s Guanin trn gen vi 1 loi
Nucleotit no bng 10% s Nucleotit ca gen. Tnh s lng tng loi Nucleotit ca gen ? BI 11. Mt phn t ARN c 4 loi ribonucleotit Am:Um:Gm:Xm phn chia theo t l 2:4:6:3 . Tng s lin kt ha tr D-P trong ARN ni trn bng 1499. Xc nh: a) Chiu di phn t mARN ? b) S riboN mi loi ca mARN c) S lng b ba m sao v s loi b ba m sao ti a c th cs trong phn t ARN

BI 12. Mt phn t mARN c 448 b ba m sao goiofm cc loi: AXA, XXA, AXX, XAX ln lt phn chia theo t l : 1: 3: 5: 7. a) Tnh s riboN mi loi ca ARN? b) Tnh s lin kt ha tr c hnh thnh gia cc riboN trn phn t ARN? Chiu di ARN? c) Phn t ARN ni trn c khn nng hnh thnh thm bao nhiu loi b ba m sao? Vit cc loi b ba m sao ?

BI 13.Bi 17: Mt gen c chiu di 0.408 micromet , c hiu s gia A vi mt loi nucleotit khc l 450.
Mch 1 ca gen c T1 =10% s nucleotit ca mch, cn mch 2 ca gen c G2= X2 . Khi gen sao m, mi trng ni bo phi cung cp 450 G a) Xc nh s nucleotit mi loi trn tng mch n ca gen? b) Cc nh mch mang m gc v s ln sao m ca gen? c) S riboN mi loi trong phn t mARN tng ng ? d) S riboN mi loi cn li mi trng ni bo phi cung cp cho gen hon tt qa trnh sao m? BI 14. Trong qu trnh sao m ca mt gen mi trng ni bo phi cung cp 1440 rN loi X v 540 rN loi U. Mch 1 ca gen c G1 = 360, A1= 180. Mch 2 ca gen c G2= 288, A2=108. a) a) Xc nh mch gc v s ln sao m ca gen. b) Tnh s ribonucleotit mi loi ca phn t ARN ? c) C bao nhiu lin kt hydro b ph hy? Bao nhiu lin kt ha tr c hnh thnh tnh n khi gen kt thc t sao m cui cng. BI 15. Hai gen trong mt t bo u di 0,408 micromet . Gen 1 c 15% Adenin, Hai gen nhn i mt ln cn mi trng cung cp thm 1320 Guanin. Phn t mARN 1 sinh ra t mooti trong 2 gen c 35% Uraxin v 15% Xitozin. Phn t mARN 2 sinh ra t gen cn li c 15% Uraxin v 35% Xitozin, hai gen ni trn u sao m v i hi mi trng ni bo cung cp 2040 Uraxin.

a) S lng tng loi nucleotit ca gen?

b) S lng tng loi riboN ca mi phn t mARN? c) S ln sao m ca mi gen? BI 16. Mt gen sao m 3 ln i hi mi trng ni bo cung cp 441 Am 1359 Um. Tng s lin kt hydro b ph v trong qu trnh sao m l 3900. Cc phan t mARN ln lt c 1 riboxom n gii m . Thi gian gii m cho mt axitamin mt 0,2 giy. Thi gia tnh t lc riboxom bt u tip xc vi b ba m sao m u mARN th nht n khi riboxom trt qua b ba m sao kt thc ca riboxom cui cng l 5 pht 8 giy. a) Tnh vn tc trt ca riboxom b) Tnh thi gian gii m ca riboxom trn mt phn t mARN. K t khi axitamin m u c gii m. c) Xc inh ti gian chuyn tip ca riboxom gia 2 phn t mARN lin tip? Bit cc phn t mARN cch u nhau.

BI 17.Mt mch ca phn t ADN c trnh t cc Nu nh sau.

- ATG GAG AXA AGG TAX XAA GTT AAT XXX GXG TTT TGX GGG TAG

a) Hy vit cc Nu trn mch n cn li ca phn t ADN.

b) Tnh t l % v s lng tng loi Nu trn phn t ADN? c) Nu gen t nhn i 5 ln mi trng t bo cung cp bao nhiu Nu mi loi? d) Tnh chiu di ca gen theo milimet?

e) Tnh khi lng phn t trung bnh ca phn t ADN ny v tnh khi lng ca 10 phn t prtin do
ADN trn tng hp nn. Bit khi lng trung bnh ca 1 axitamin l 110 vC,

CHUYN TON: 2-CC QUY LUT DI TRUYN BI 1. Cho bit tinh trang hinh dang hat do 1 cp gen alen quy inh. Di y la kt qua ghi chep t 3 phep lai khac nhau.

1. B ? x Me ? F1: 280 hat tron: 92 hat dai 2. B hat tron x Me ? F1: 175 hat tron: 172 hat dai 3. B ? x Me hat dai F1: 100% hat tron
BI 2. Phep lai 1: Ga chn cao x Ga chn cao trong s ga F1 thu c co con chn thp Phep lai 2: Ga trng chn thp lai vi mt ga mai cha bit kiu gen. Gia s F1 xut hin 1 trong 2 kt qua sau: F1 co 100% ga chn cao F1 va co ga chn cao va co ga chn thp 1. Hay xac inh tinh tri ln, qui c gen trong trng hp trn 2. Vit s lai cho cac trng hp trn BI 3. Phep lai 1: P: F1: P: F1: P: F1: qua o, la dai x qua vang, la dai 92 qua o, la dai : 31 qua o, la ngn : 91 qua vang, la dai : 30 qua vang, la ngn qua o, la dai x qua o, la ngn Nu nhn xet v c im di truyn cua cp tinh trang trn Vit s lai cua 3 phep lai trn.

Phep lai 2: 120 qua o, la dai : 119 qua o, la ngn : 40 qua vang, la dai : 41 qua vang, la ngn qua o, la ngn x qua vang, la dai

Phep lai 3: 60 qua o, la dai : 61 qua o, la ngn : 59 qua vang, la dai : 60 qua vang, la ngn

Cho bit mi tinh trang do mt gen qui inh, cac gen nm trn cac NST khac nhau Bin lun va lp s cho mi phep lai trn. BI 4. Giao phn gia 2 dong thun chung thu c F1. Tap giao F1 thu c F2 co 2448 cy, trong o co 153 cy qua dai, hoa trng Cho bit hai tinh trang tng phan la qua tron, hoa o khng co hin tng di truyn trung gian va khng xut hin hoan vi gen vi tn s 50% Bin lun va vit s lai t P F2. Xac inh s lng cy mi kiu hinh con lai. BI 5. rui gim, A canh dai; a canh xe. Cp alen nay nm trn NST gii tinh X va khng co alen trn Y Qui c gen va vit s cac phep lai sau: P1: P2: BI 6. XAXA XaXa x x XaY XAY P3: P4: XAXa XAXa x x XAY XaY

Tinh trang mau sc ken bm tm do mt gen nm trn NST gii tinh X khng co alen trn Y qui inh. A trng; a vang 1. Qui c gen va vit s lai trong cac trng hp sau: P1: c ken trng P2: P3: BI 7. Lai 2 cy ca chua thun chung Ptc F1 ? x ? 3 thn thp : 1 thn cao 100% thn cao c ken vang c ken trng ng tinh Ti l 3:1 Ti l 1:2:1 x cai ken trng x x cai ken trng cai ken vang Ti l 1:1 Ti l 1:1:1:1

2. Kiu gen va kiu hinh cua P nh th nao cho cac ti l kiu hinh sau:

Mang lai phn tich ca th F1 Fb Giai thich kt qua va vit s lai BI 8. P tc F1 F2 BI 9. Rui cai mt nu canh ngn

Rui c mt o canh dai

100% rui cai mt o canh dai, 100% rui c mt o canh ngn 3 mt o canh dai : 3 mt o canh ngn : 1 mt nu canh dai : 1 mt nu canh ngn

Vit sl t P F2 rui gim, thn xam > thn en; canh dai > canh ngn P F1 BI 10. P F1 F2 BI 11. P F1 F2 BI 12. Ptc F1 F2 Hoa trng 100% hoa trng 131 hoa trng : 29 hoa o x Hoa trng Bu qua dai 100% qua det 270 det : 178 tron : 32 dai x Bu qua det Vet c tc lng vang x Vet cai lng xanh 100% vet lng mau thin li 9 thin li : 3 vang : 3 xanh : 1 trng rui cai thn xam canh dai x rui c thn en canh ngn 55 xam ngn : 53 en dai : 12 xam dai : 15 en ngn

Hay giai thich kt qua va vit s lai

Giai thich kt qua va vit sl t P F2

Hay giai thich kt qua va vit s lai t P F2

Hay giai thich kt qua va vit s lai t P F2

CHUYN TON: 3-DI TRUYN NGI Bi 1: Mt loi thc vt c s lng NST trong t bo sinh dng bnh thng l 2n = 24. Hy d on s lng NST ca loi trn v vit k hiu b NST (vd: 2n+1, 2n+2..)trong cc trng hp sau: a. Th mt b. Th ba c. T bi c 1 th ba d. Th 4 kp c th lng bi

Bi 2: S ph h sau m t s di truyn ca bnh m mu 1 dng h

I

II

III

IV

Tm tt c cc kiu gen c th c ca cc c th trong dng h trn. (Bit rng bnh m mu do t bin gen ln trn NST X) Bi 3: ngi tnh trng tc qun do gen A, tc thng do gen a nm trn NST thng qui nh ; cn bnh m mu do gen ln m nm trn nhim sc th gii tnh X gy nn. a.B v m tc qun, mt bnh thng sinh ra con trai tc qun, m mu .Hy xc nh kiu gen ca b m. b.Vi hai gen qui nh hai tnh trng trn, ti a c th to ra bao nhiu loi kiu gen khc nhau trong qun th ngi ? Bi 4: Mt ngi mc bnh mu kh ng c mt ngi em trai sinh i bnh thng. a) Hai ngi sinh i ny l sinh i cng trng hay khc trng ? b) Ngi mc bnh l gi hay trai ? Gii thch ? c) Nu cp sinh i trn u mc bnh th ta c th ni chc chn l h sinh i cng trng hay khng ? Gii thch ? d) Nu cp sinh i trn c cng gii tnh v cng khng mc bnh th lm th no nhn bit h l sinh i cng trng hay khc trng ? Bi 5: ngi tnh trng nhm mu A, B, O, AB c quy nh bi mt gen c 3 alen l I A, IB, v IO. S t hp ca tng nhm 2 alen vi nhau to nn trong qun th ngi cc kiu hnh tng ng vi cc kiu gen nh sau : - Nhm mu A IA IA, IA IO - Nhm mu AB IA IB - Nhm mu B IB IB , IB IO - Nhm mu 0 IO IO a) V sao 6 kiu gen trn ch tng ng vi 4 kiu hnh ? b) Nhng nhm mu no c th xut hin th h con thuc gia nh sau y. M nhm mu B, b nhm mu AB. Bi 6: Bnh mu kh ng ngi do gen ln a nm trn NST gii tnh X quy nh (khng c trn Y. Ngi bnh c kiu gen Xa Xa n v Xa Y nam. C s ph h sau y : I
1 2

nam bnh thng nam b bnh

II
1 2 3 4

n bnh thng

Hy cho bit : a) Kiu gen I1 . Cn c vo u bit c iu ? b) Kiu gen II2 v II3 . Cn c vo u bit iu ? Bi 7: Mt ph n m ng ngoi b mu kh ng, c b m bnh thng. Ngi ph n ny bnh thng cng nh chng. Hi kh nng h sinh con trai u lng c mu ng bnh thng l bao nhiu % ?

CHUYN TON: 4-DI TRUYN QUN TH 1. Mt qun th thc vt c 200 cy cho qu trn , 350 cy cho qu bu dc v 450 cy cho qu di. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th ny khi t th phn qua 3 th h l: (Cho bit qu trn l tri khng hon ton so vi qu di , qu bu dc do kiu gen Aa quy nh) A. 0,2025 AA : 0,4950 Aa : 0,3025 aa. B. 0,140625 AA : 0,469750 Aa : 0,389625 aa . C. 0,353125 AA : 0,043750 Aa : 0,603125 aa.* D. 0,2 AA : 0,35 Aa : 0,45 aa.

2. Trong mt qun th ng vt giao phi ngu nhin, s c th lng en (kiu gen BB v Bb) l 75%. Tn s tng i ca alen B v b l: A. B = 0,8660 ; b = 0,5. C. B = 0,5 ; b = 0,5.* B. B = 0,75 ; b = 0,25. D. B = 0,8660 ; b = 0,1340.

3. Mt qun th thc vt c thnh phn kiu gen l: 0,0144 AA : 0,9856 aa. Sau 10 th h t th phn bt buc th tn s kiu gen ca qun th trn l: A. 0,25 AA : 0,50 Aa : 0,25 aa. B. 0,0002 AA : 0,0142 Aa : 0,9714 aa. C. 0,0144 AA : 0,9856 aa.* D. 0,144 AA : 0,142 Aa : 0,714 aa.

4. Mt qun th c cu trc di truyn l : P: 0,45 AA : 0,25 Aa : 0,30 aa. Cho cc c th trong qun th ny giao phi ngu nhin th cu trc di truyn ca qun th ny th h F4 s l: A. 0,330625 AA : 0,488750 Aa : 0,180625 aa* B. 0,45 AA : 0,25 Aa : 0,30 aa C. 0,5672 AA : 0,0156 Aa : 0,4172 aa D. 0,4489 AA : 0,2595 Aa : 0,2916 aa

5. ngi bnh bch tng do gen ln b chi phi, gen lnh B, gen nm trn nhim sc th thng. Trong mt qun th c t l ngi mc bnh bch tng (bb) l 1/10000. Xc sut 2 ngi bnh thng trong qun th ny kt hn vi nhau sinh con u lng b bnh bch tng l:

A. 0,000098. *
B. 0,00495.

C. O,9998. D. 0,0198.

6. Thnh phn kiu gen ca mt qun th l: 0,0144 AA : 0,9856 aa. Tn s tng i ca alen A v a trong qun th l: A. A = 0,12 ; a = 0,88. B. A = 0,0144 ; a = 0,9856 .* C. A = 0,0856 ; a = 0,0144. D. A = 0,9856 ; a = 0,12.

7. ngi bnh bch tng do gen ln b chi phi, gen lnh B, gen nm trn nhim sc th thng. Trong mt qun th c t l ngi mc bnh bch tng (bb) l 1/10000. Tn s cc alen B v b trong qun th ngi ny l: A. B = 0,9 ; b = 0,1. B = 0,99 ; b = 0,01.* B = 0,97 ; b = 0,03. B = 0,9999 ; b = 0,0001.

B.

8. ngi bnh bch tng do gen ln b chi phi, gen lnh B, gen nm trn nhim sc th thng. Trong mt qun th c t l ngi mc bnh bch tng (bb) l 1/20000.Tn s gen ca bnh t bin trong qun th: A. B. 0,4%. 0,1%. 0,07%.* 0,7%.

9. mt loi thc vt giao phn, alen A quy nh hoa l tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh hoa trng. Khi trng thi cn bng, mt qun th c 10000 c th, tn s cc alen p (A) = 0,4 ; q(a) = 0,6. S cy cho hoa thun chng l: A. 1600. * B. 4800. C. 4000. D. 3600 10. Mt qun th thc vt (P) t th phn c t l cc kiu gen l: 56,25% AA : 37,50% Aa : 6,25% aa. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th ny F4 l: A. 0,7383 AA : 0,0234 Aa : 0,2383 aa.* C. 0,5625 AA : 0,0625 Aa : 0,3750 aa. B. 0,5625 AA : 0,3750 Aa : 0,0625 aa. D. 0, 46875 AA : 0,06250 Aa : 0,46875 aa.