I S TUYN TNH

BI TP CHNG IV.
KHNG GIAN VECT
1. Xt tnh c lp tuyn tnh hay ph thuc tuyn tnh ca cc h vect sau:
a. x1 = (1, 1, 2), x2 = (0, 2,3), x3 = (1,1,1)
b. x1 = (1, 1,0,1), x2 = (0, 2,1, 1), x3 = (2,0,1,1)
c. x1 = (1,1,1,1), x2 = (1,0,1,1), x3 = (1,1,0,1), x4 = (0,1,1,1)

1 5
1 1
2 4
1 7
,
A
=
,
A
=
,
A
=
2
3
4
1 5
5 7
5 1
4 2

d. A1 =
e.

p1 = x 2 2 x + 3, p2 = x 2 + 1, p2 = 2 x3 + x 2 4 x + 10 trong

3[x] .

p1 = x3 + 1, p2 = x 2 + 1, p3 = 2 x 2 + x, p4 = 2 x 4 trong 3[x] .
2. Cho h vect x1, x2 , , xn c lp tuyn tnh ca mt khng gian vect V.
Chng minh h vect y1 = x1, y2 = x1 + x2 , , yn = x1 + x2 + + xn cng c
f.

3.
4.

5.

6.

lp tuyn tnh.
Chng minh rng nu trong h vect x1, x2 , , xn khng c vect no biu th
tuyn tnh qua cc vect cn li th x1, x2 , , xn c lp tuyn tnh .
Tm hng v h con c lp tuyn tnh ti i ca cc h sau:
a. x1 = (47, 26,16), x2 = (67,98, 428), x3 = (35, 23,1), x4 = (201, 294,1284),
x5 = (155,86,52) .
b. x1 = (24, 49,73, 47), x2 = (19, 40,59,36), x3 = (36,73,98,71),
x4 = (72,147, 219,141), x5 = (38, 80, 118, 72) .
c. x1 = (17, 24, 25,31, 42), x2 = (28, 37, 7,12,13), x3 = (45,61,32,19, 29),
x4 = (11,13, 18, 43, 55), x5 = (39,50, 11, 55, 68) .
Cho h vect x1, x2 , , xn biu th tuyn tnh c qua h y1, y2 , , ym . Chng
minh:
a. rank{x1, x2 , , xn } rank{y1, y2 , , ym } .
b. Nu 2 h ny c cng hng th chng tng ng.
Chng minh:
rank{x1, x2 , , xn }=rank{u , x1, x2 , , xn } u biu th tuyn tnh c qua
x1, x2 , , xn .

7. Trong

, cho h vect u1 = (1, 2,1), u2 = (1,0,1), u3 = (0,1, 2) .

a. Chng minh u1, u2 , u3 l mt c s ca 3 .

b. Tm ta ca u = ( a, b, c) trong c s u1, u2 , u3 .

I S TUYN TNH

8.

, cho 2 h vect u1 = (1,1,1), u2 = (1,1, 2), u3 = (0,1, 2) v

v1 = (2,1, 3), v2 = (3, 2, 5), v3 = (1, 1,1) .
Trong

a. Chng minh 2 h trn l 2 c s ca 3 .

b. Vit ma trn chuyn t c s (u) sang c s (v) v ngc li.
c. Tm ta ca vect x = 2u1 + 3u2 u3 trong c s (v).
9. Chng minh tp hp:
a.
b.

{
B = {( x, y, z , t )

A = ( x, y, z ) 3 / x y + 2 z = 0 l khng gian con ca

/ 2x y + z = x t = 0

} l khng gian con ca

a b

/ a, b l khng gian con ca M 2 ( ) .

c. C =
b

10. Tm c s v s chiu ca cc khng gian vect con sinh bi:

a. a1 = (1,0,0, 1), a2 = (2,1,1,0), a3 = (1,1,1,1), a4 = (1, 2,3, 4),
a5 = (0,1, 2,3) .
Tm iu kin i vi x,y,z,t vect u = ( x, y, z , t ) thuc v khng gian
con ny.
b. a1 = (1, 1,1,0), a2 = (1,1,0,1), a3 = (2,0,1,1) .
Tm iu kin i vi x,y,z,t vect u = ( x, y, z , t ) thuc v khng gian
con ny.
c. a1 = (1, 1,1, 1,1), a2 = (1,1,0,0,3), a3 = (3,1,1, 1,7), a4 = (0, 2, 1,1, 2)
Tm iu kin i vi x,y,z,t,u vect a = ( x, y, z , t , u ) thuc v khng
gian con ny.
11. Tm c s v s chiu ca cc khng gian vect con bi 9.
12. Tm c s v s chiu ca cc khng gian vect con U + V , U V vi:
a. U = (1, 2,1), (1,1, 1), (1,3,3) v V = (2,3, 1), (1, 2, 2), (1,1, 3) .
b. U = (1,1,0,0), (0,1,1,0), (0,0,1,1)
v V = (1,0,1,0), (0, 2,1,1), (1, 2,1, 2)
c. U = {( x, y , z , t ) / x 2 z + t = 0} v

V = {( x, y, z , t ) / x = t y 2 z = 0}

13. Tm c s v s chiu ca cc khng gian cc nghim ca h thun nht:

3 x4 x5 = 0
x1 + 2 x2

=0
x1 x2 + 2 x3 x4
a.
4 x1 2 x2 + 6 x3 + 3 x4 4 x5 = 0
2 x1 + 4 x2 2 x3 + 4 x4 7 x5 = 0

I S TUYN TNH

=0
x1 x3

=0
x2 x4
x1 x2 + x5 = 0
b.
x2 + x4 x6 = 0
x3 + x5
=0

=0
x4 x6
x1 x3 + x5 = 0

x2 x4 + x5 = 0

c. x1 x2 + x5 x6 = 0
x x x = 0
2 3 6
x1 x4 + x5 = 0
14. Hy tm h pt thun nht c khng gian nghim l:
a. U = (1,1,0), (1,0, 2)
b. U = (2, 1,0,1), (1,0, 1, 2), (1, 1,1, 1), (3, 1, 1,3)
15. Trong

cho 3 c s , , . Bit

2 1 1
1 0 1
T = 1 1 0 , T = 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 0

v 1 = (1,1,1), 2 = (1,0,1), 3 = (0,1,1) .

Hy tm c s .