Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Mc lc
Li m u
Chng 1: Lp lun kinh t
1.1 LA CHN NGUYN LIU..................................................................................6
1.2 LA CHN SN PHM........................................................................................7
1.3 LA CHN A IM XY DNG PHN XNG.........................................9
1.3.1 Nguyn tc la chn a im............................................................................9
1.3.2 a im t phn xng...................................................................................9

Chng 2: Quy trnh cng ngh

2.1 GII THIU NGUYN LIU
2.1.1 Nguyn liu chnh..............................................................................................14
2.1.2 Nguyn liu ph.................................................................................................16
2.1.2.1 Maltodextrin..........................................................................................................16
2.1.2.2 Cht to v ngt.....................................................................................................17
2.1.2.3 Emzym Pectinase..................................................................................................18
2.1.2.4 Vitamin C..............................................................................................................18
2.1.2.5 Nc......................................................................................................................19
2.1.2.6 Bao b....................................................................................................................19

2.1.3 Tiu chun nguyn liu u vo.........................................................................20

2.2 QUY TRNH CNG NGH
2.2.1 S quy trnh cng ngh................................................................................21
2.2.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh.....................................................................22
2.2.2.1 Chn la- Phn loi..................................................................................22
2.2.2.2 Ra...........................................................................................................23
2.2.2.3 Tch rut qu............................................................................................24
2.2.2.4 enzym...................................................................................................24
2.2.2.5 Ch...........................................................................................................24
2.2.2.6 Phi trn...................................................................................................25
2.2.2.7 ng ha..................................................................................................25
2.2.2.8 Sy phun...................................................................................................25
2.2.2.9 Hon thin................................................................................................26
2.2.2.10 ng gi..................................................................................................26
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

2.3 SN PHM
2.3.1 M t sn phm..................................................................................................27
2.3.2 Ch tiu cht lng ca sn phm.......................................................................27

Chng 3: Tnh cn bng Vt cht- Tnh nng lng

3.1 TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT
3.1.1 Cc thng s tnh ton........................................................................................28
3.1.2 Tnh ton cn bng vt cht cho 100 Kg nguyn liu.........................................28
3.1.3 Tnh lng sn phm u ra ca quy trnh sn xut...........................................30
3.1.4 Tnh lng nguyn liu u vo ca quy trnh sn xut.....................................32
3.2 TNH CN BNG NNG LNG
3.2.1 Thit b enzyme...............................................................................................32
3.2.2 Thit b phi trn...............................................................................................32
3.2.3 Thit b sy........................................................................................................33

Chng 4: Tnh chn thit b

4.1 TNH TON LA CHN THIT B
4.1.1 Tnh chn thit b chnh.....................................................................................35
4.1.2 Tnh chn thit b ph........................................................................................40
4.1.3 Bng tng hp my mc thit b .......................................................................41
4.2 B TR THIT B VO PHN XNG
4.2.1 B tr thit b ....................................................................................................41
4.2.2 Tnh din tch mt bng phn xng..................................................................41

Chng 5. Tnh in-nc

5.1 TNH NC.............................................................................................................42
5.2 TNH IN...............................................................................................................42

Chng 6. Tnh ton kinh t

6.1 TNH TNG TIN LNG
1. Tnh s lng cng nhn chnh.........................................................................44
2. Tnh tng tin lng cho cng nhn..................................................................44
6.2 TNH VN U T
1. Vn u t c nh............................................................................................45
2. Vn lu ng.....................................................................................................45
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

3. Tng vn u t................................................................................................46

Chng 7. T chc nhn s-V sinh an ton lao ng

7.1 T chc sn xut- Phn cng lm vic......................................................................47
7.2 B tr v sinh- An ton lao ng...............................................................................47

Kt lun
PH LC
MT S HNH NH THIT B...................................................................................52
TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................63

DANH MC CC BNG BIU

Bng 1.1 Thnh phn dinh dng ca chanh dy ta.............................................7
Bng 1.2 Bng quy hoch v phn b s dng t................................................12
Bng 1.3 Cc ch tiu chnh qun l xy dng..................................................12
Bng 2.1 Thnh phn cu to (%) tri chanh dy..................................................16
Bng 2.2 Thnh phn ha hc chanh dy..............................................................16
Bng 2. Yu cu Maltodextrin trong sn xut bt chanh dy.................................17
Bng 2.4 Ch tiu cm quan ca ng tinh luyn................................................17
Bng 2.5 Ch tiu ho l ca ng tinh luyn.....................................................17
Bng 2.6 Ch tiu kim loi nng trong ng tinh luyn.......................................18
Bng 2.7 Ch tiu vi sinh vt ca ng tinh luyn...............................................18
Bng 2.8 Yu cu ca nc ra.............................................................................18
Bng 3.1 Thng s nguyn liu- sn phm............................................................28
Bng 3.2 Cn bng vt cht cho 1 m sn ............................................................31
Bng 3. Nguyn liu cho 1 ngy sn xut..............................................................32
Bng 4.1 Thng s k thut ca bng ti con ln..................................................35
Bng 4.2 Thng s k thut ca my ra liu........................................................35
Bng 4.3 Thng s k thut ca thit b tch rut..................................................36
Bng 4.4 Thng s k thut ca thit b enzym..................................................36
Bng 4.5 Thng s k thut ca thit b phi trn................................................37
Bng 4.6 Thng s k thut ca my ch cnh p...............................................37
Bng 4.7 Thng s k thut ca tht b phi trn.................................................38
Bng 4.8 Thng s k thut ca thit b ng ha.................................................38
Bng 4.9 Thng s k thut ca thit b sy phun.................................................39
Bng 4.10 Thng s k thut ca my sy co mng...........................................39
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Bng 4.11 Tng hp my mc thit b trong phn xng......................................40

Bng 4.12 Kch thc thit b chnh s dng trong quy trnh ...............................40
Bng 4.13Nhit dung ring ca nguyn liu..........................................................40
Bng 4.14Cng sut in ca cc thit b chnh trong nh my.............................41
Bng 5.1 Chi ph thit b dng trong phn xng................................................42
Bng 6.1 Chi ph nguyn liu................................................................................45
Bng 6.2 Chi ph nguyn liu................................................................................46
Bng 7.1 Bng phn cng lao ng.......................................................................53

DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1 Tri chanh dy........................................................................................6
Hnh 1.2 Sn phm nc chanh dy ng lon.......................................................8
Hnh 1.3 Sn phm nc ct chanh dy (chanh dy c c)..................................8
Hnh 1.4 Khu cng nghipPh Hi........................................................................10
Hnh 2.1 Hoa chanh dy........................................................................................14
Hnh 2.2 Chanh dy tm........................................................................................15
Hnh 2.3 Chanh dy tm vng................................................................................15
Hnh 2.4 S quy trnh cng ngh......................................................................19
Hnh 2.5 Chi ph nguyn liu................................................................................22

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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Li m u
Vi s pht trin kinh t ca nc ta, cht lng cuc sng ca ngi dn ngy cng
tng. Do , trong khu phn n hng ngy, ngoi ngun dinh dng c bn l tinh bt, protein,
lipid con ngi cn quan tm n nhng cht vi lng cn thit cho c th nh vitamin, cht
khong c mt c th pht trin kho v mnh, chng ta cn c cung cp mt lng
vitamin, cht khong cn thit.
Do , nhu cu th trng v sn phm rau qu qua ch bin ngy cng tng. Trn th
trng ung, sn phm nc gii kht c gas t t nhng ch cho cc loi nc p tri cy.
Nc ung ch bin t tri chanh dy tt cho sc khe, l loi nc gii kht rt thch hp vi
kh hu nhit i nc ta.
Chanh dy l ngun nguyn liu tt cho sc khe, nhiu thnh phn dinh dng, cung cp
nhiu nng lng. nhiu nc, ngi ta dng tri chanh dy ch bin thnh nhiu th
bnh ngt khc nhau, kt hp hoc khng kt hp vi cc loi tri cy khc lm kem,
yaourt Cn nc ta, chanh dy thng dng di dng nc gii kht, trong 2 nm li y
nhiu loi sn phm chit xut t tri chanh dy ra i phc v nhu cu tiu th trong nc
v xut khu.
Sn phm bt chanh dy ha tan cng c tin hnh sn xut nhiu nc trn th
gii. Bn cnh kh nng cung cp cht dinh dng cho c th, sn phm ny cn mang li tnh
tin li trong s dng, tit kim nhiu thi gian vi gi c thch hp. iu ny p ng nhu cu
ca con ngi trong cuc sng hin nay, khi m qu thi gian hn hp.

Chng 1: CC LA CHN V LP LUN

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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

1.1 La chn nguyn liu: Chanh dy

Hnh 1.1 Tri chanh dy

Chanh Dy l 1 trong nhng loi tri cy rt c trin vng trong tng lai nc ta, c bit
l vng BSCL, nh c kh nng chng chu tt trn vng t chua phn (kh trng cy n
tri), ng thi l loi nc gii kht tt trong ma nng nng ca vng nhit i gi ma nh
vng ng bng nc ta.
Trng trt: Chanh dy l loi cy d trng, khng kn t,v k thut chm bn cho loi
cy ny n gin, thch hp vi c im kh hu nhiu vng nc ta, hin nay c trng
nhiu Vit Nam. Nu nc v vi cht dinh dng, chanh dy s pht trin rt mnh, thch
hp trng thnh dy hoc hng ro v c th duy tr i sng tt trong 4-6 nm. C th nhn
ging chanh dy d dng bng cch gieo ht, gim cnh, chit hoc ghp cnhTuy nhin
trong qu trnh pht trin ca cy cn ngn chn cc loi k sinh trng gy bnh nh virus, c
sn, giun trn, su b
Chanh dy l mt loi qu hin ang tiu th mnh trn th trng. Trng loi cy ny chi
ph rt thp, nhng li cao. Mt khc, thi gian pht trin ca cy chanh dy khng di, nhng
nng sut li rt cao.Loi cy ny cho qu quanh nm, tnh ra bnh qun vn chanh dy cho
thu hoch t 60-70 tn qu/ha/nm.
Hin trn th gii ch c khong 12 nc trng Chanh dy vi tng din tch khong 4.500
ha, hu ht Nam M (2/3 din tch), phn cn li c v khu vc nam . Mi dch th gii
ch khong 25.000 tn tri vi gi 200-300 USD/t.

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Ti c Trng- Lm ng ging Chanh dy v c nhp t i Loan c tn khoa hc
l Passiflora edulis, c th xung ging bt c thng no trong nm. Nng sut trung bnh ca
cc h trng chuyn t 45-50 tn/ha, nu chm sc tt c th t ti 80-100 tn qu ti/ha.
Ti BSCL cy c trng ri rc ti CnTh, Tnh Bin- AnGiang, Hn t -KinGiang.
khu vc TPHCM, ti tri Ging Cy Trng ng Tin dng tri vng cng cho tri rt sum
su.
Ti huyn Hc Mn TPHCM, X nghip Delta cng trng 200 ha cy chanh dy vng
nhp ging t Brazil, nhm cung cp tri cho cc nh my hp ch bin xut khu
Tnh Tin Giang c khong 400ha trng cy chanh dy, ch yu trng cc huyn Ci B,
Cai Ly, Ch Go, thnh ph M Tho Tnh ra bnh qun vn chanh dy cho thu hoch t
60 n 70 tn qu/ha/nm
Chanh dy cha cc tnh phn dinh dng tt cho sc khe, l ngun dinh dng phong
ph, cung cp nhiu nng lng cho c th.

Bng 1.1 Thnh phn dinh dng tnh trn 100g phn n c ca loi chanh
dy ta (theo ti liu USDA)
Nng lng (Kcal)
97
Na (mg)
28,00
Nc (g)
72,93
K (mg)
348
Protein (g)
2.20
Vitamin A (IU)
700
Cht bo (g)
0,70
Vitamin B6 (mg)
0,10
Cacbon hydrat (g)
23,38
Niacin (mg)
1,5
Cht x (g)
10,40
Thiamin
Vt
Tro (g)
0.80
Riboflavin (mg)
0.13
Canxi (mg)
12.00
Acid ascorbic (mg)
30
P (mg)
68.00
Folat (mcg)
14.00
Fe (mg)
1.60
Vitamin E (mg
1.12
ATE)
Se (mg)
0.60
Cholesterol
0
Mg (mg)
39.00
1.2. La chn sn phm:
1.2.1 Cc loi sn phm t chanh dy:
nhiu nc, ngi ta dng tri chanh dy ch bin thnh nhiu th bnh ngt khc
nhau, kt hp hoc khng kt hp vi cc loi tri cy khc lm kem, yaourt Cn nc
ta, chanh dy thng dng di dng nc gii kht, cch dng ph bin nht l nu vi nc
ng v pha vi lm nc ung gii kht.B i tri chanh dy, ly rut tri trn ng
pha thm nc, phn dch rut c tch ht hoc nguyn ht, ta c 1 ly nc gii kht thm
ngon, b dng.
Trong 2 nm li y nhiu loi sn phm chit xut t tri chanh dy ra i phc v nhu
cu tiu th trong nc v xut khu. Cc loi sn phm t chanh dy hin c trn th trng:

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Hnh 1.2 Sn phm nc chanh dy ng lon

Hnh1.2 Sn phm nc ct chanh dy (chanh dy c c)

Hnh1.3 Bt chanh dy
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1.2.2 La chn sn phm bt chanh dy:
Sn phm dng bt c u im gn nh, thun tin khi vn chuyn, phn phi ra nhiu
vng khc nhau. Sn phm dng bt c m thp, d bo qun thch hp cho vic s dng
trong 1 thi gian di.
C 2 hng sn xut ra bt chanh dy: to ra sn phm khi pha vi nc to hn hp nectar
ng nht; v loi bt ha tan khi pha nc cho dch p trong sut.
Vi loi sn phm nc p trong ta cn qua qu trnh lc, gy tn tht nguyn liu. trnh
tn tht nhiu cht dinh dng, ta chn loi sn phm nectar, ng thi tit kim chi ph nng
lng, thit b khi s dng qu trnh lc.
1.3 La chn a im:
1.3.1 Nguyn tc chn a im xy dng ca nh my
xy dng nh my, vic la chn a im rt quan trng, nh hng n qu trnh xy
dng, hot ng sn xut v kinh doanh ca nh my. Do , ta da vo cc yu t sau la
chn a im xy dng nh my:
- a im xy dng nh my phi gn ngun cung cp nguyn liu hay trong vng cung
cp nguyn liu gim chi ph vn chuyn, c bit cc loi nguyn liu nh rau qu, do chi
ph cho vn chuyn v bo qun cao. Nguyn liu cung cp phi n nh v s lng v cht
lng cho nh my hot ng trc mt v lu di.
- a im xy dng nh my phi gn ng giao thng, nht l ng b v ng thy
d dng trong vic i li, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v tiu th sn phm.
- a im xy dng nh my phi gn ngun in, ngun nc m bo cho vic sn
xut c lin tc, gim chi ph v ng dy, ng dn; gn cc nh my khc hp tc nhiu
mt nh c s h tng, cng trnh phc li cho cn b cng nhn ng thi s dng nhn cng
hp l.
- a im xy dng nh my phi gn khu vc ngun nhn lc di do, d dng thu ht
lc lng lao ng tr thc cng nh lc lng cng nhn c tay ngh cao v thun li trong
qu trnh tiu th sn phm.
- a im xy dng nh my phi nm trong vng quy hoch ca a phng, ng thi
phi m bo cc yu cu v an ninh quc phng.
- a im la chn phi din tch b tr xy dng cc cng trnh hin hu ng thi
phi c kh nng m rng trong tng lai.
1.3.2 a im xy dng:
Phn xng t ti Khu cng nghip Ph Hi, huyn c Trng, tnh Lm ng. Khu cng
nghip Ph Hi thu ht cc d n u t thuc cc nhm ngnh ngh: sn xut cc sn phm
phc v du lch, cng nghip ch bin thc phm rau qu, thy sn, ru, bnh mt, ko, cng
nghip sn xut vt liu xy dng, gch cao cp, ch bin lm sn, sn xut sn phm g, cng
nghip luyn kim, ha cht, thuc da, cao su, sn xut bao b carton, diatomit, thic, nhm
ngnh cng nghip khc

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KHU CNG NGHIP PH HI

Hnh 1.4 Khu cng nghipPh Hi

1.3.2.1 V tr a l:
Khu cng nghip Ph Hi t ti x Ph Hi,huyn c Trng, l a bn thun li v c
s h tng, giao thng v khong cch cung ng t cc vng nguyn liu.
V tr : Thn Pr, x Ph Hi, huyn c Trng.
- Pha Ty Bc gip: Khu quy hoch dn c v sng a Nhim;
- Pha ng v Nam gip: ng i x T In -T Nng;
- Pha Bc - ng Bc gip: Khu t ti nh c v khu cng nhn;
- Pha Ty - Ty Nam gip: Sng a Nhim.
C cc tuyn QL 20, 27, 28, 55,723 ni lin Lm ng vi vng ng Nam B, thnh ph
H Ch Minh, cc tnh thuc vng Ty Nguyn, cc tnh duyn hi Nam Trung B, cc tnh
duyn hi min trung to cho Lm ng c mi giao thng kinh t x hi bn cht vi cc
vng, c bit hin nay chnh ph ph duyt ch trng cho u t xy dng tuyn ng
cao tc t Du giy i lt v tuyn ng ng Trng Sn t lt i Qung Nam v cc
tnh trong khu vc.
Cch TP H Ch Minh : 270 km
Cch Lt 35 km v hng ng Bc.
Cch th x Bo Lc 80 km v hng Ty Ty Nam.
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Cch sn bay quc t Lin Khng 03km. Cng hng khng quc t Lin Khng nm
cch trung tm thnh ph Lt 30 km c nng cp thnh sn bay quc t vi ng bng
di 3.250 m c th tip nhn cc loi my bay tm trung nh A.320, A.321 hoc tng ng.
Nm st Quc l 20 gia Lt v Du Giy ang c u t xy dng ng cao tc,
thun tin giao thng i Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh B Ra Vng Tu, cc tnh duyn
hi min Trung v Ty nguyn, cch cng bin Bnh Thun 130Km.
1.3.2.2 H tng k thut trong khu cng nghip:
- Ngun in: T trm bin p 110 KV c Trng. B tr trong KCN 01 trm bin p
110/220 KV. Lp t 03 trm bin p 22/0,2 KV D. kin xy dng mt trm bin p
110KV/22KV c cng sut 2x25MVA. Ngun in ly t trm 110/22KV ca huyn c
Trng, thi gian u lp 1 my bin p 25MVA phc v khu cng nghip v in sinh hot;
giai on 2 c th ly ngun in t trm bin p nh my thy in i Ninh; Mng cung cp
in 22 KV i bng ng dy trn khng mng vng, vn hnh h.
- Ngun nc: cp nc cho Khu cng nghip Ph Hi vi 02 ngun nc hin c l
ngun nc mt sng a Nhim v nc ngm, lu lng nc ngm c th khai thc trong khu
vc t 115 L/s. C h thng cp nc huyn c Trng, cng sut 2.500 m3/ngy-m. ng
thi vi vic cp nc, h thng x l nc thi cng nghip v sinh hot ang c hon
thin, c h thng nc sch cung cp cho nhu cu sn xut v sinh hot m bo cho cc
hot ng ca khu cng nghip. Nhu cu dng nc ca khu cng nghip v dn c (Qnc) l
9.078,3m3/ngy. Xy dng trm cp nc c cng sut 10.000m3/ngy; ngun nc ly t
sng a Nhim, h thu in i Ninh v nc ngm;
- H thng that nc ma, nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut c thit k ring
bit. Ton b nc thi c x l t tiu chun mi trng trc khi that ra sng a Nhim;
Trm x l nc thi c cng xut 7000m3/ngy.
- H thng thng tin lin lc: do ngnh Bu chnh vin thng huyn c Trng p ng v
s xy dng 01 trm bu in trong KCN vi 01 tng i 1.000 s.
- Khu ph tr: Khu xy dng cng trnh u mi h tng k thut c din tch l 6,69 ha
gm:
Trm bin p 110/22KV - 2x25 MVA xy dng trn l t c din tch khong 0,87 ha nm
v tr gip trm cp nc v khu ti nh c dn c, khu nh cng nhn phc v cng
nghip, xy dng 2 giai on, giai on u lp 1 my bin p 25MVA.
Trm cp nc cng sut 10.000 m3/ngy nm l t c din tch 2,4 ha gip trm bin
p v khu cy xanh gip khu ti nh c dn c - cng nhn phc v cng nghip.
Trm x l nc thi cng sut 7.000 m3/ngy nm l t c din tch khong 3,42 ha
nm pha Ty Nam khu t cc ngnh cng nghip khc.
1.3.2.3 Quy hoch s dng t Khu cng nghip Ph Hi
Tng din tch mt bng Khu cng nghip l 174 ha, c quy hoch v phn b s dng
t theo cc phn khu chc nng:

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Bng1.2 Bng quy hoch v phn b s dng t theo cc phn khu chc nng:
Din tch
STT
Loi t
T l (%)
(ha)
1
t xy dng nh my x nghip
108,49
62,35
2
t trung tm iu hnh v dch v cng
3,23
1,86
cng
3
t xy dng cng trnh u mi h tng
6,69
3, 85
k thut
4
t giao thng
24,75
14,22
5
t cy xanh, cng vin
24,19
13,9
6
t kho bi
6,65
3,82
TNG
174,0
100
Khu xy dng cc nh my x nghip cng nghip
Khu xy dng cc nh my c din tch l 108,49 ha, c chia thnh 10 phn khu c k
hiu t A1, A2, A3, A4, BI, BII, C, D, E, F. Din tch cc l t xy dng x nghip cng
nghip t 0,78 n 1,7ha ph hp vi quy m ca cc x nghip cng nghip ( XNCN).
Bng 1.3 Cc ch tiu chnh qun l xy dng cc nh my x nghip quy nh
Mt xy Tng cao
K hiu
Din tch
H s s
STT
Chc nng
dng
xy
khu
(ha)
dng t
(%)
dng
Cc ngnh cng
1
A
62,18
50-70
1-3
1-1,4
nghip khc
Khu t xy
dng cc XNCN ch
2
B
16,65
50-70
1-3
1-1,4
bin nng sn thc
phm
Khu t xy
3
C
dng cc XNCN ha
5,35
50-70
1-3
1-1,4
cht, luyn kim
Khu t xy
dng cc XNCN sn
4
D
6,45
50-70
1-3
1-1,4
xut vt liu xy
dng cao cp
Khu t xy
5
E
dng cc XNCN ch
14,26
50-70
1-3
1-1,4
bin lm sn
Khu t xy
dng cc XNCN sn
6
F
3,60
50-70
1-3
1-1,4
xut cc sn phm
phc v du lch
- Gi thu t v Ph s dng h tng Khu cng nghip:
+ Gi thu t t n b GPMB : 0,12 USD/ m2/ nm
+ Gi thu t th : 210 ng/m2/nm
+ Ph s dng h tng : 0,16 USD/ m2/ nm.
- c min ph h tng t ngy 01/01/2007 n 31/12/2009.
+ M un X nghip cng nghip: t 0,5 n 02 ha.
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+ Thi gian hot ng ca Khu cng nghip l 50 nm k t nm 2005.
2.4 Ngun lao ng:
S cng nhn c th thu ht 10.000 12.000 ngi t ngun lao ng a phng, bao gm
Thnh ph Lt c dn s khong 190.000 ngi v c 02 trng i hc, 03 trng trung
cp; huyn c Trng c dn s khong 160.000 ngi.
Chnh sch h tr o to ngh: Cc nh u t khi thc hin d n u t c t chc lp
o to ngh cho lao ng c h khu thng tr ti tnh Lm ng s dng c h tr
nh sau:
- c h tr 30% kinh ph t t chc o to ngh ln u i vi o to ngh ph
thng;
- c h tr 50% kinh ph t t chc o to ngh t bc 2 tr ln theo d n o to
ngh c c quan chc nng duyt;
- Gi lao ng i hc ngh trong nc vi s lng t 10 lao ng tr ln/nm v thi gian
o to t 01 thng tr ln, u c tnh h tr kinh ph o to vi mc h tr t 90.000200.000 ng/ ngi/thng tu theo ngnh ngh v thi gian o to, thi gian h tr thp nht
l 1 thng v ti a khng qu 24 thng.
2.5 Cc chnh sch u i u t p dng trong khu cng nghip Ph Hng tnh Lm
ng
- u i v tin s dng t, tin thu t i vi d n u t sn xut, kinh doanh
- u i v thu: Min thu, gim thu thu nhp doanh nghip, thu sut thu thu nhp
doanh nghip. Min gim thu cho phn thu nhp i vi c s kinh doanh ang hot ng c
u t xy dng dy chuyn sn xut mi, m rng quy m, i mi cng ngh, ci thin mi
trng sinh thi, nng cao nng lc sn xut nh sau. u i v thu nhp khu
2.6 Loi hnh cng nghip u tin la chn vo khu cng nghip Ph Hi:
- Nhm ngnh sn xut cc sn phm phc v du lch, in t, may mc;
- Nhm ngnh cng nghip ch bin thc phm , rau qu, thu sn, ng sa, ru, bnh,
mt, ko;
- Nhm ngnh cng nghip sn xut phn bn, vt liu xy dng, gch cao cp;
- Nhm ngnh cng nghip ch bin lm sn, cc sn phm g, vn p;
- Nhm ngnh cng nghip luyn kim, ho cht nh: thuc da, keo dn, sn xut bentoxit,
diatomit, thic,

CHNG 2: QUY TRNH CNG NGH

1. Nguyn liu:
Trang 13

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

1.1 Nguyn liu chnh: Chanh dy
Tn khoa hc: Passiflora edulis
Tn thng gi: dy Mt, Mt Mt, Chanh Dy, Chanh S-a, tri M Ly.
Tn Anh: passion fruit, passion vine, purple granadilla
Chanh dy thuc h Passifloracea, ging Passionflora, loi edulis. Theo c tnh c khong
500 loi cng thuc ging Passiflora, trong t nht 50 loi l c th n c. Chanh dy l
loi cy dy leo mnh, di hng chc mt. Thn mm, hnh tr, c rnh dc, nhiu lng tha.
L mc so le, chia 3 thy nhn bng, gc hnh tim c hai tuyn nh, u nhn, mp kha rng;
l km hnh si; tua cun mc k l, di hn l, u cun li nh l xo. Hoa mc ring l l
l, c cung di, mu trng, khng c tng bao, i 5 l mu xanh lc, trng 5 cnh ri nhau,
xp xen k vi cc l i, c mt vng tua gm rt nhiu phn ph hnh si ch (trng ph) mu
tm sm; nh 5, nh ngn cung nh nhy, bao phn mu vng; bu thng hnh cu, 1 .

Hnh 2.1 Hoa chanh dy

Tri c tri dng hnh trn hoc hnh trng, ng knh t 4-7.5 cm. Bn ngoi l mt lp
v phng, dai, ging nh sp, v mu xanh khi chn c mu vng lt hoc mu tm ty theo
tng loi, v dy khong 3mm v dnh cht vi lp rut trng dy khong 6mm pha trong.
Trong cng l khi dch qu c mu vng nht n vng cam v bao ly nhng chum ht nh
mu nu hoc en, rut tri c v chua ngt thanh hi ging chanh. Mi v ca dch qu rt c
trng v li cun.
u tin "chanh dy" xut hin cc tnh min Bc vo u thp nin 90 v khong by
tm nm nay mi vo n BSCL. Lc tin vo Vit Nam c hai ging, phn bit bng xut x
v mu v. Hin nay Vit Nam c 2 loi chanh dy vng v ta.

Trang 14

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Hnh 2.2 Chanh dy tm

Hnh 2.3 Chanh dy vng

Dng tri tm (forma eduli): C v tri mu tm n tm sm. Tri nh (ng knh 4-5 cm),
c tua dy, nhnh v gn l xanh. Ging lc tin v c ngun gc t Australia v i Loan,
thch ng vi cc vng c kh hu mt m, c v cao nh lt, Ty Nguyn ca VN, nhit
bnh qun 18-20oC, cao trung bnh t 800-1.000m, c kh nng ra hoa v u qu quanh
nm, cho nng sut rt cao v cho hng v tri ngon nht.
Dng tri vng (forma flavicarpa): V tri mu vng chanh. Tri ln hn dng tri tm (6-12
x 4-7 cm), c tua dy, nhnh v gn l ng tm. Hoa ln v c trng (corona) mu tm sm
hn dng tri tm, ng thi dy cng mc mnh hn. y l dng chu nng, thch hp vi
vng c cao thp (0-800 m) nh BSCL. Ging lc tin v vng c ngun gc t Sirilanca,
Urganda v Hawaii (ngun tra cu) c mt Vit Nam vi tn gi l chanh dy. Nn trng
ging lc tin v vng vng nhit i nng m, ging cho tri theo ma, t l cm thu hi
cng nh cht lng cm tri cao nhng nng sut khng cao lm
Tri chanh dy khng cha cholesterol, giu vitamin A v vitamin C, l ngun cung cp
kali v cht st di do, ngun cht x tuyt ho.
Chanh dy rt giu Vitamin C, l cht chng xy ha v chng vim nhim. Do c th
gip bn gim cc triu chng hen suyn.
Chanh dy cng c nhiu cht x rt tt cho sc khe, c th nga bnh tim mch, gi
c lng cholesterol v gip lm du cc c ang b cng cng.
Chanh dy cng giu carbohydrate cung cp nng lng cho c th.
Chanh dy cng cha nhiu cht st v kali.
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Nc p t chanh dy c cha cht alkaloids gip lm h huyt p, an thn, gim au, v
chng li tc ng ca cc cn co tht.
Cnh, l chanh leo c tc dng an thn, gy ng (nh), gim s lo u hi hp, h huyt p
(nh), du cc cn co git (trong ng kinh), gim cn au bng c nng v au bng kinh.
Nhn chung, chanh dy ta c v ngt hn, t acid nhiu vitamin C hn, c s dng
ph bin hn chanh dy vng trong cng nghip ch bin rau qu. Chanh dy ta c trng
theo qui m cng nghip, chm sc k lng nn l ngun nguyn liu tng i r, s lng
di do v tnh cht n nh thch hp cho qui m sn xut cng nghip

Bng 2.1 Thnh phn cu to (%) tri chanh dy:

Thnh phn
%
V
49.19
Ht
4.81
Dch qu
46.00
Bng 2.2 Thnh phn ha hc chanh dy:
Thng s
Hm lng
m (%)
81.16
tro (%)
0.8
ng kh (g/l)
14.02
Vitamin C (mg/100g)
22.3
kh dch qu
16.4
pH dch qu
2.86
Acid ton phn dch qu
5.9
(quy v acid citric) (g/l)
Chanh dy c th tr lnh tt, 10oC c th tr c 2-3 tun trong hp, Nu tr kn
23oC trong ti PE c th gi c trong 2 tun, nu ph b mt ngoi bng 1 lp paraffin 57oC v m 85-90% c th bo qun c trong 30 ngy. Khi rm chn tri s chuyn i
nhanh t mu xanh sang mu ta hoc nu vng. Tri c th c rm chn 20oC vi m
85-90oC hoc rm nhanh 30oC. Chanh dy sau khi rm c th tr 2-8oC trong 1 tun.
2. Nguyn liu ph:
2.1
Maltodextrin:
c s dng trong qu trnh phi ch trc khi sy phun nhm lm tng nng cht kh
ca dch qu sau khi ch, tha mn nng cn thit cho qu trnh sy phun.

Bng 2.3 Yu cu Maltodextrin trong sn xut bt chanh dy

Ch tiu
Yu cu
Ha l
Kch thc trung bnh ca
300 800 m
ht
tan
98%
m
7%
Hm lng tro
0,5%
Kim loi nng
0,5 ppm
Trang 16

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Ch s DE

16.55

Cm quan:

Dng bt mn, mu trng, khng ln tp

cht, t ngt, khng mi

2.2 Cht to v ngt :

ng l cht ph gia to v dng b sung vo sn phm. ng lm tng gi tr dinh
dng ca sn phm v kch thch dch v. ng c tc dng to ngt nhm iu chnh hi
ho ngt , v chua ca chanh dy. B sung ng lm tng nng cht tan v c kh nng
gi cc cht thm trong sn phm. Ngoi ra ng cn c tc dng cung cp nng lng cho
c th (4,1 kcal/1g ng).
ng s dng trong thc phm l ng tinh luyn RE. ng tinh luyn l ng
saccharrose c tinh ch v kt tinh c Pol trn 99.8% (trn 99,8% l ng saccharose).
TCVN 6958-2001
Bng 2.4 Ch tiu cm quan ca ng tinh luyn
Ch tiu
Yu cu
Ngoi
Tinh th mu trng, kch thc tng
hnh
i ng u, ti kh khng vn cc.
Mi v
Tinh th ng hoc dung dch ng
trong nc c v ngt, khng c mi v l.
Mu sc
Tinh th trng ng nh. Khi pha vo
nc ct cho dung dch trong sut.
Bng 2.5 Ch tiu ho l ca ng tinh luyn
Tn ch tiu
Mc
o
Pol, ( Z)
99.8
Hm lng ng kh, % khi
0.03
lng
Tro dn in, % khi lng
0.03
S gim khi lng khi sy
0.05
o
105 C trong 3h, % khi lng
mu, n v ICUMSA
30
Bng 2.6 Ch tiu v d lng SO2 v kim loi nng trong ng tinh luyn
Tn ch tiu
D lng SO2 (mg/kg)
As(mg/kg)
Cu(mg/kg)
Pd(mg/kg)

Mc
70
1
2
0.5

Bng 2.7 Ch tiu vi sinh vt ca ng tinh luyn

Tng s VSV hiu kh, CFU/10g
200
Nm men, CFU/10g
10
Nm mc, CFU/10g
10
Trang 17

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

2.3 Enzym Pectinase:
Trong qu trnh sn xut, ta s dng enzym thng phm: Pectinex Ultra SP L ca cng
ty Novo Nordisk an Mch, thu nhn t Aspergillus aculeatus. Ch phm dng dung dch
lng, mu hi nu, c mi nh c trng ca sn phm ln men.
Enzym c kh nng hot ng ti u nhit 40-45 oC v pH khong 3.5-4.5. y khng
phi loi ch phm enzyme pectinase tinh khit m l hn hp ca nhiu loi enzyme ch yu
l pectintranseliminase, polygalactorunase, pectinesterase v 1 t hemicellulase, cellulose.
Ch phm Pectinase nu bo qun 0-10oC th hot tnh c th duy tr t nht 1 nm., nu
bo qun 20oC th c th duy tr c 3 thng. Nu thi gian bo qun lu hn th hot tnh
enzyme s mt i t 1-2% mi thng. Enzym c cho trc tip vo nguyn liu ban u theo
phn trm khi lng xc nh.
2.4 Vitamin C : ( acid ascorbic)
iu kin bnh thng c dng bt mn mu trng hoc ng vng, khng hi, v chua, d
tan trong nc v trong cn, tan trong nc vi t l 0,25% 30 0C, t l 12,8% trong cn
tuyt i. Khi gp nh sng mu sn phm tr nn sm dn nn cn bo qun trong l c mu
ti, trng thi kh ro n nh cht lng khi s dng.
Vitamin C c kh nng kt hp vi oxi lm gim hm lng oxi, kh ion kim loi c ha tr
cao lm gim bt sinh ra oxit khng tt, v th s dng vitamin C lm cht chng oxi ha,
ngn chn s phai mu, s bin mu, lm gim mi v v cc bin i v cht lng khc do s
oxi ha gy ra.
Vi liu lng 0,05 0,06% cho thm vo sn phm gip bo qun c sn phm trong
thi gian di.
S dng loi L- ascorbic acid dng bt, mu trng.
tinh khit : 99.7%
Trng lng phn t : 176.13

2.5 Nc: Yu cu nc ra: trong cc nh my hp, nc dng ra tn 0,7 1lt/kg

nguyn liu.
Bng 2.8 Yu cu ca nc ra.
Ch tiu vt l
Tiu chun
o Mi v
Khng mi
o trong
100ml
o Mu sc (thang mu Coban)
5o
Ch tiu ho hc
o pH
o cn c nh (t 600oC)
o cng ton phn ( c)
o cng vnh vin

6 7,8
75 150mg/lt
Di 15o
7o
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

o CaO
o MgO
o As
o Fe

50 100mg/lt
50mg/lt
0,05mg/lt
0,3 0,5mg/lt

Ch tiu vi sinh vt
o Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh
o Ch s Coli
o Vi sinh vt gy bnh

Di 100 con/ml
Di 20 con/ml
Khng c

2.6 Vt liu bao b: bao b ghp nhiu lp: OPP-L nhm-PE (th t t ngoi vo)

Hnh 2.4 Bao b ghp nhiu lp

OPP
T trng:
0.9020.907g/cm3
Cc im nhit :tnc=
140146oC
thn= 150oC
c im:
Rt bn c hc, nhng b x d dng khi c mt vt nt nh.
Trong sut.
Kh nng in n cao.
Tnh chng thm kh, hi nc cao.
Bn ha hc vi mui, acid, kim, mui v c.
ng dng:
Lm lp mng ngoi cng ca bao b ghp dng ti v c tnh chu nhit, bn c hc,
chng thm kh, hi nc tt v d x rch nu c vt nt
PE (LDPE)
T trng:
0.910.925g/cm3
Cc im nhit :tnc=
93oC
thn= 120150oC
c im:
B ko dn v d t di tc dng lc.
Chng thm nc tt.
Chng thm cc kh O2, CO2, N2 v hi nc km.
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Bn i vi acid, kim, mui v c.
L nhm
Nhm c s dng lm bao b thc phm c tinh khit t 9999.8%
c im:
Tnh mm do, to np gp c nh.
Trung tnh v mi v v.
Chng s xm nhp ca O2, khng kh, nh sng, mi l bn ngoi, ho cht vo sn
phm.
Chng s tht thot cu t hng.
Chng tia cc tm.
Chu nhit.
ng dng:
L nhm khi c ghp vi cc vt liu plastic bao gi thc phm c tc dng
chng thot hng, chng tia cc tm.
Thng dng bao gi cc loi ko, chocolate do c tnh mm do, n c th p st
b mt cc loi thc phm, ngn cn s tip xc vi khng kh, vi sinh vt, hi nc.
Thch hp bo qun cc thc phm giu protein, giu cht bo chng s oxy ha
bi O2 v ngn ng s tng m (vi sinh vt khng pht trin c).
2.1.3 Yu cu k thut v nguyn liu:
Chanh dy c vn chuyn t ni trng n thng phn xng sn xut nhm thu c
nguyn liu c cht lng tt nht.Ngay t khi thu nhn vo c s ch bin, nguyn liu
phi c la chn phn loi theo nhng yu cu nht nh.
- Nhm thu c nguyn liu t c nhng ch tiu cht lng nh : chn, hm lng
cht kh, mc h hng, kch thc, ln,
- Phn loi nguyn liu c cng cht lng thnh tng l
Kch thc v ln: nhng qu qu b hoc qu ln u phi loi b, ch thu nhn nhng
qu c kch thc trung bnh. Kch thc qu di t 6-8 cm. Khi lng mi qu nm trong
khong 80-95g.
S dng chanh dy ta, chn tri chn, khng dp nt, khng thi hng, chn nhng qu
to, nng. chn c tri chanh dy c v chua thanh, ngt du ta thng chn chanh dy c
v ngoi hi nhn, b mt sn si, mu da hi sm v khi qu c mi thm v chn, ngt
va phi ph hp cho sn xut.. Nu chn tri qu ti dch qu v sn phm ch bin s c v
chua gt, khng tt cho cm quan ca ngi tiu dng.
Chn mua tri cng la, tng i ng u v kch thc v thnh phn ha hc tnh
cht sn phm n nh hn.
Trong ngun nguyn liu nhp v, do thi gian bo qun chanh dy c hn (iu kin nhit
mt m c th bo qun c khong 5-7 ngy) nn cn chn ra nhng tri chin ch bin
trc, loi ra nhng qu qu dp hoc chn qu mc. i vi nhng qu c lp v ngoi lng
bong, sau khi mua v ta cn bo qun 1 thi gian cho qu nhn i ri mi s dng.
2.2 QUI TRNH CNG NGH:
2.2.1 S quy trnh cng ngh:

Trang 20

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Chanh dy
Chn la- Phn loi
Ra
V

Tch rut qu
Pectinase

enzym
Ch

Maltodextrin

T= 40-45oC
t= 3 h
H
t

Phi trn
ng ha

Sy phun
Hon thin

ng
Bao b

ToC =165oC
P = 3.5 bar
Ph
gia

ng gi
Sn
phm

Hnh 2.5 S quy trnh cng ngh

2.2.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh:
2.2.2.1 Chn la phn loi:
Cht lng nguyn liu l yu t u tin quyt nh cht lng sn phm. Bi vy trc
ht cn chn loi rau qu c gi tr dinh dng cao.

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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

a. Mc ch:
La chn: loi tr nhng nguyn liu khng qui cch, su bnh, men mc, thi hng.
Phn loi: phn chia nguyn liu ng u v kch thc, hnh dng, mu sc, chn
b. Bin i: Nguyn liu ng nht v kch thc, mu sc, chn. Loi b c tri h
hng, khng ng u v kch thc.
d. Thc hin: th cng
Nguyn liu c a vo thng cha nguyn liu, sau c a ln mt bng chuyn,
nguyn liu c dn mng khng lc chn st, hai bn bng chuyn l cc cng nhn lm
nhim v phn loi qu, y l loi b nhng qu c nghi ng b h hng (dp, nt, thi,),
trn bng chuyn ny cng loi ra nhng qu c kch thc khng ph hp cho qu trnh sn
xut.
Chanh dy c a qua bng chuyn v cng nhn s tin hnh kim tra, la chn ra tri
thi, su, tri b cn trng ph hoi, loi b nhng vt l nh l, rc v cc vt khc C th
thc hin ra s b trc khi phn loi i vi nhng tri qu bn.
Nhng qu khng chn c th lu li cho n khi t chn mi s dng. Cn
nhng qu chn qu cng c th c s dng nu cha c biu hin h hng.
Nht thit phi loi b nhng qu thi ra hon ton v nhng vt dp nt thi ra l ca
ng vi sinh vt xm nhp v pht trin, nh hng n cht lng sn phm sau ny.
2.2.2.2 Ra:
a. Mc ch:
Nguyn liu sau khi c thu mua v cn ln nhiu tp cht nh bi, t ct, thuc tr
sucn bm trn b mt v qu. Ta cn lm ra nguyn liu trnh cc tp cht ny c th
ln vo rut qu lm nh hng xu n tnh cht sn phm, gim lng vi sinh vt ngoi v
qu.
b. Bin i: sch t ct, bi bn, loi bt 1 s vi sinh vt ngoi v qu
c. Phng php thc hin: Qu trnh ra gm hai giai on: ngm v ra xi.
u tin qu s c a vo bn ngm sau c bng chuyn chuyn vo h thng xi
ti ca my ngm ra xi ti.
Ngm lm cho nc thm t nguyn liu, lm cht bn mm, bong ra, to iu kin cho
qu trnh ra d dng.
Dung dch ngm c th l nc thng, nc nng hay dung dch kim. C th ngm tnh
hay ngm ng. Thi gian ngm c rt ngn gim tn tht cht dinh dng.
Ra xi l dng tc dng chy ca dng nc ko cht bn cn li trn mt nguyn liu
sau khi ngm. Thng dng tia nc phun (p = 2 3atm) hay vi hoa sen xi. Nc ra li
phi l nc sch, lng Cl2 cn li trong nc trng l 3 5 mg/L.
Ty nguyn liu v nhim bn ca nguyn liu m ta c th ra mt hoc nhiu ln, vi
nhiu phng php ra tng ng.
d. S dng thit b ngm ra xi ti

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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

2.2.2.3 Tch rut qu:
a. Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh enzyme, loi b nhng phn qu khng s dng
c nh cung, v.
b. Bin i: nguyn liu gim kch thc, tri b ph v nt ra, phn dch rut thot ra, tn
tht vitamin C do b oxi ha, tn tht cc thnh phn dinh dng khc trong rut qu.
c. Thc hin: Giai on ny nn tin hnh cng nhanh cng tt hn ch s tn tht
vitamin C v cc thnh phn dinh dng khc trong rut qu. Cho chanh dy vo my ct
chanh dy, nghin nt v ri sau tch ring phn rut chanh dy ra.
2.4 enzyme:
a. Mc ch: Phn ct chui pectin trong tht qu thnh nhng on c di ngn hn
nhm lm gim nht, lm trong dch qu, gip tch ht c d dng, tng nng sut thu
nhn dch qu trong qu trnh ch.
b. Bin i: ch yu xy ra cc bin i v mt ha sinh
Enzym pectinase s ct t cc lin kt -1.4-glycoside (gia cc acid galacturonic) v cc
lin kt este (gia acid galacturonic v nhm methyl), mch pectin b phn ct thnh cc phn
t t do nh acit galacturonic, methanol v cc mch tng i ngn.
Bin i khi dch qu sau khi thy phn: khi dch qu c s phn lp r rng, pha di
y l lp ht mu nu en, pha trn l lp tht qu mu ng cam, trn cng l lp dch trong
mu vng nht.
c. Phng php thc hin:
u tin, dch qu s c nng nhit ln nhit ti u cho enzyme hot ng 40
45oC trong thit b trao i nhit. Sau , dch qu c a n thit b , ng thi tin hnh
b sung ch phm pectinase, tin hnh trong thi gian 3 gi.
Trong qu trnh thnh thong tin hnh khuy trn u khi rut qu tng kh nng
tip xc gia enzym v c cht, thc y qu trnh tch ht.
Cc thng s:
Nng ch phm enzyme pectinase s dng: 0.3%
Thi gian enzyme: 3h
Sau khi c 3h, ta tin hnh gia nhit v hot enzyme 80oC trong 15 pht.
Thit b: s dng thit b hnh tr y nn, c lp v o gia nhit, n nh nhit, bn
trong thit b c gn cnh khuy.
2.2.2.5 Ch:
a. Mc ch: tch phn tht chanh dy ra khi ht, cc cht x v bin i phn tht qu
thnh dng nhuyn.
b. Bin i:
Nhit tng nh do ma st.
Gim khi lng, tng mn. Phn tht qu gim kch thc tng ng vi l ry s
dng, chuyn thnh dng nhuyn. Puree ng nht, loi b ht. Dch bo thot ra d b chuyn
ha v vi sinh vt tn cng.
Trong qu trnh ch, tht qu tip xc nhiu vi khng kh, c th xy ra cc phn ng oxy
ha lm bin mu nguyn liu, nhng nh nguyn liu c qua chn, nn cc enzyme xc
tc phn ng oxy ha kh b v hot, do bin i ha hc l khng ng k
Trang 23

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Gii phng cc enzyme oxy ha kh (catalase, dehydrogenase, ), enzyme thy phn
( pectinesterase, polymethylgalacturonase,), enzyme ascorbinoxydase xc tc qu trnh oxy
ha acid ascorbic thnh dng kh hidro.
c. Thc hin: s dng thit b ch cnh p. Qu trnh ch lm cho khi rut qu b p
mnh vo mt ry c c l nh. Phn qua li ry l dch puree cn li thi ra l b ch cha
cc cht x v ht.
2.2.2.6 Phi trn:
a. Mc ch: chun b, hon thin
Chun b cho qu trnh sy phun: trn thm cht n hay cht mang vo dch qu iu
chnh nng cht kh trong dch qu, lm tng hm lng cht kh, gim chi ph c c gp
phn lm tng hiu qu qu trnh sy, nh sn xut thng b sung thm maltodextrin.
Hon thin sn phm: trong qu trnh ny c th phi trn thm cht bo qun, ph gia mu,
hng liu tng thm cht lng cho sn phm.Qu trnh phi ch lm ng u hn hp
gia dch qu v maltodextrin theo t l xc nh, phi trn thm cht n to nn cu trc dng
bt mn cho sn phm.
b. Bin i:
Vt l: khi lng thay i. trong, khc x nh sng thay i.Thay i cc ch tiu
nhit l.
Ho hc: thay i thnh phn ha hc ca hn hp
Ho l: nng cht kh trong dch qu tng, s tng nht ca dch qu.
c. Phng php thc hin:
Chn nguyn liu phi ch: Maltodextrin
Da vo nng cht kh ban u, tnh ton khi lng maltodextrin cn thit cho mt m
sn xut, sau khi phi trn nng cht kh t yu cu cho qu trnh sy phun.
Dng bm vn chuyn dung dch poree thit b phi trn c cnh khuy, ri b sung
maltodextrin vo thc hin qu trnh phi trn.
Thng s: yu cu kh dch qu sau khi phi trn l 25%
d. Thit b: bn hnh tr, bn trong c lp cnh khuy.
2.2.2.7 ng ha:
a. Mc ch:
Gim kch thc phn tht qu chanh dy, tng kh nng phn tn, l lng ca tht qu,
gim hin tng tch lp. To puree ng nht, kt hp vi ph gia to nn dng l lng
b. Bin i:
Phn tht qu gim kch thc ti a, b x nh. Qu trnh ng ha to nhit , xy ra
phn ng oxi ha gy sm mu, lm tht thot dinh dng, gy bin tnh protein.
c. Thit b: s dng thit b ng ha p lc cao
2.2.2.8 Sy phun
a. Mc ch : khai thc, ch bin, bo qun.
Cung cp nhit lm bc hi nhanh nc trong dch sau phi trn qu to sn phm dng bt
vi m thp bo qun c lu hn.
L qu trnh ch bin, nng cao hm lng cht dinh dng trong sn phm, gim th tch
bao b, khi lng vn chuyn.
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

b. Bin i:
Vt l: Th tch gim, khi lng gim, khi lng ring tng.
Ha l
Hin tng chuyn pha t lng sang hi ca m trong qu trnh sy
Mt s cht thm bay hi theo m v b phn hy do nhit gy tn tht cht thm.
Ngc li mt s hng thm c pht huy hay to thnh trong qu trnh sy do phn ng
maillard, caramen v mi nu ca furfurol lm gim gi tr cm quan
Ha hc: C 2 khuynh hng
Tc phn ng ha hc tng ln do nhit vt liu tng nh: phn hy vitamin, phn
ng oxy ha, phn ng maillard gia ng kh v acid amin to mu cho sn phm (c li).
Tc phn ng ha hc chm i do lng nc gim dn, enzym b v hot do nhit
cao lc sau: phn ng thy phn, oxi ha
Protein, tinh bt, ng b bin i.
Sinh hc: c ch mt phn vi sinh vt trn b mt vt liu, ko di thi gian bo qun.
Cm quan: nguyn liu chuyn t dng lng sang dng cu trc bt mn, mu sc mi v
thay i.
c. Phng php thc hin:
Thit b: s dng thit b sy phun
Thng s qu trnh: Nhit u vo dng khng kh nng: 165oC
2.2.2.9 Hon thin:
a. Mc ch : hon thin sn phm
Phi trn thm ng, cht mu, hng, cc vitaminlm tng gi tr cm quan ca sn
phm, to s hp dn i vi ngi tiu dung. Bng cch thay i thnh phn t l cc cht
trong hn hp sn phm, c th to ra c nhiu mu sc,hng v khc nhau.
b. Bin i:
Vt l: thay i v khi lng ring, dn nhit, th tch
Ha hc: tng thnh phn cc cht trong hn hp.
Cm quan: tng v ngt, v chua, mu sc thay i v tng mi thm cho sn phm.
c. Phng php thc hin:
Trn cc cht ng, Vitamin C, hng liu theo t l nht nh t c cht lng sn
phm theo yu cu.
Qu trnh phi trn c thc hin nhit phng v p sut phng.
Thit b : Thit b: s dng thit b hnh tr y nn, bn trong thit b c gn cnh khuy.
2.2.2.10. ng gi
a. Mc ch
Hon thin: nhm to thun tin cho ngi tiu dng, sn phm c trng lng ph hp cho
ngi tiu dng s dng; bn cnh da vo mu sc v cch b tr cn lm cho sn phm thu
ht ngi tiu dng.
Bo qun: bao b gip bo v thc phm trnh khi nh hng khng tt ca mi trng
xung quanh nh: m, nhit , nh sng
b. Bin i: khng ng k
c. Phng php thc hin
Qu trnh ng gi c din ra nhit v p sut phng.
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Trng lng: 100-500g/gi.
Nhit ghp m: 150oC
Thit b: Thit b ng gi
2.3 Ch tiu cht lng sn phm
2.3.1 Ch tiu vt l
Hnh dng: dng bt mn, ng nht, khng vn cc
2.3.2 Ch tiu ha hc
m : 4 %
Hm lng ng : 60%
Hm lng vitamin C: 0.05%
tro: khng qu 6.5%
Tp cht: khng qu 0.3%
2.3.3 Ch tiu ha l
ha tan cao
T l ha tan cao, khng c cn.
Khng b ht m khi bo qun.
2.3.4 Ch tiu cm quan:
Sn phm c dng bt mn, mu vng ti, c mi thm v v chua c trng.
Khi pha phn tn tt trong nc to dung dch puree chanh dy c mu sc mi v t nhin
tng t nh puree qu ti. Dung dch ng nht, khng tch lp.
V: V chua, ngt hi ha khng qu gt.

Trang 26

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

CHNG 3:TNH CN BNG VT CHT-NNG LNG

3.1 Tnh cn bng vt cht:
3.1.2 Cc thng s tnh ton
Bng 3.1 Thng s nguyn liu- sn phm
Quy trnh
Nguyn liu
Thnh phn
Gi tr %
Tch rut qu
Qu
V
49,19

enzym

Ch

Phi trn

ng ho
Sy phun
Hon thin

Dch qu

46,00

Ht
Dch qu

4,81
90,53

Ht

9,47

Pectinase
Rut qu

Petinase
Dch qu

0,30
90,53

Matodextrin

Ht
Matodextrin

9,47
8,55

Puree 1

Puree 1

91,45

Puree 2
Puree 3
Sn phm

Hm lng cht kh
Hm lng cht kh
Hm lng cht kh
ng

18
25
26
50

Rut qu

3.1.2 Tnh cn bng vt cht cho 100 kg nguyn liu

San pham: o am 4%
Da vao bang thanh phan hoa hoc chanh day suy ra: trong 100
kg nguyen lieu co 82 kg am, 18 kg chat kho)
3.1.2.1. Khi lng chanh dy thu c sau qu trnh phn loi la chn: (mngl)
Mngl = mngl* (1 f1/100)
= 100 * (1 3/100) = 97 kg (cht kh chim 18%).
Vi:
mngl : khi lng chanh dy thu c sau qu trnh phn loi- la chn
mngl : khi lng nguyn liu ban u
f1 : tn tht qu trnh
3.1.2.2 Khi lng phn dch rut chanh dy thu c sau qu trnh tch rut qu:
(md1)
md1 = mngl * (1 f2/100)
= 97 * (1 49.19/100) = 49,3 kg (cht kh chim 18%).
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Vi:

md1 : khi lng dch qu thu c sau qu trnh tch rut qu

mngl : khi lng nguyn liu ban u
f2 : tn tht qu trnh
md2 = md1 * (1 f3/100)
= 49,3* (1 0,5/100) = 49 kg ((cht kh chim 18%).
Vi:
md2: khi lng dch qu thu c c tnh tn tht qu trnh
md1 : khi lng dch qu thu c sau qu trnh tch rut qu
f3 : tn tht qu trnh
Khi lng cht kh trong dch qu sau khi tch rut l:
mck1 = 49 * 18/100 = 8,8 kg
3.1.2.3 Lng dch qu sau khi b sung enzyme trong qu trnh enzyme:
md3 = md2 * (1 + f4/100)
= 49 * (1 + 0,3/100) = 49,2 kg (cht kh chim 18%).
Vi:
md3: khi lng dch qu thu c sau qu trnh trnh enzyme.
md2 : khi lng dch qu thu c sau qu trnh tch rut qu
f4 : tn tht qu trnh
3.1.2.4 Lng dch qu sau qu trnh ch:
md4 = md3 * (1 f5/100). Vi f5 l tn tht ca qu trnh do ch b ht
= 49,2 * (1 4.81/100) = 46,8 kg.
md5 = md4 * (1 f6/100). Vi f6 l tn tht ca qu trnh do dnh thit b
= 46,8* (1 3/100) = 45,4 kg.
Khoi lng chat kho trong dch qua sau khi tach la:
mck2 = 45,4 * 18/100 = 8,2 kg
3.2.1.5 Qu trnh phi trn:
Khi lng maltosedextrin s dng phi trn nng nng cht kh trong dch qu
ln 25%
Khi lng maltosedextrin s dng phi trn l: (mnglp)
mck2 + mnglp = (md5 + mnglp)*25/100
8,2+ mnglp = (45,4+ mnglp)*25/100
mnglp = 4,2 kg
Tng khi lng dch qu cn phi trn: (mdphoi tron)
mdphoitron = (md5 + mnglp)
= 45,4 + 4,3 = 49,7 kg.
Khi lng dch sau phi trn: (md3)
md6 = mdphoitron * (1 f7/100). Vi f7 : tn tht ca qu trnh phi trn
= 49,7* (1 0.2/100) = 49,6 kg.
Tnh khi lng cht kh ca dch sau phi trn( nng cht kh 25%)
mck3 = 49,6*25/100 = 12,4 kg
3.1.2.6 Khi lng dch thu c sau qu trnh ng ha : (md6)
md7 = md6 * (1 f8/100). Vi f8 : tn tht ca qu trnh ng ha do mt nc
= 49,6 * (1 1/100) = 49,1 kg.
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

md8 = md7 * (1 f9/100). Vi f9 : tn tht ca qu trnh ng ha do dnh thit b
= 49,1 * (1 0.1/100) = 49 kg.
3.1.2.7 Qu trnh sy phun:
m sn phm: 4% % khi lng cht kh trong sn phm l: Cssp = 96%.
Phn trm khi lng cht kh trc sy phun: Ctsp = 25%
Khi lng cht kh trong dch trc sy phun:
mck4 = md8 * Ctsp/100
= 49* 25/100 = 12,25 kg.
Khi lng sn phm thu c sau khi sy phun cha k tn tht l:
mck 4
*100
msp sau sy phun =
Cssp
= 12,25/96 * 100 = 12,18 kg.
Khi lng sn phm thu c sau sy phun k c tn tht l: (msp1)
msp1 = mspsausyphun * (1 f10/100). Vi f10: tn tht khc trong qu trnh sy phun
= 12,18* (1 5/100) = 12,1 kg.
3.1.2.7 Khi lng sn phm thu c sau qu trnh hon thin:
msp2 = msp1 * (1 + f11/100). Vi f11: tng khi lng do b sung ng
= 12,1 * (1 + 100/100) = 24,3 kg.
msp3 = msp2 * (1 f11/100). Vi f11: tn tht ca qu trnh hon thin
= 24,2 * (1 0.1/100) = 24,2 kg.
3.1.2.8 Khi lng sn phm thu c sau qu trnh ng gi:
msp4 = msp3 * (1 f9/100). Vi f7: tn tht ca qu trnh ng gi.
= 24,2 * (1 0.5/100) = 24,1 kg.
3.1.3

Tnh cn bng cho 1 ngy

Bng 3.2 Cn bng vt cht cho 1 m sn xut s dng 1250 kg nguyn liu
Qui
u vo
trnh
(kg)
La chn 1250

Tn tht Thay
i u ra
%
khc %
(kg)
-3
1212,5
Trang 29

Ghi ch
- Tn tht do loi b qu h

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Phn loi
Tch rut qu
1212,5

- 0.5

- 49.19

613

enzym 50.546
Ch
50.698

+ 0.3
-1

- 4.81

614,8
567,7

Phi trn 47.776

- 0.2

+ 9.33

619,4

ng ho 52.13

- 0.1

Sy phun 52.077

-5

-74.28%

151,6

Hon thin 12.72

- 0.1

+ 175%

302,8

ng gi
34.98

- 0.5

612,6

301,3

hng, su bnh, qu khng

qui cch.
- Tn tht do tch b v
- Tn tht do nguyn liu
dnh vo thnh thit b, dnh
ng ng
-B sung enzyme Pectinase
- Tn tht do tch b ht,
x
-Tn tht do dch ch dnh
vo thnh thit b, ng
ng
-Tn tht nguyn liu dnh
vo thnh thit b, cnh
khuy, ng ng.
-Khi lng nguyn liu
tng do b sung thm
Maltodextrin
-Tn tht do nguyn liu
dnh vo thnh thit b,
ng ng
-Tn tht do bay hi nc
-Tn tht do sn phm sy
b dnh vo thnh thit b
-Tn tht do sn phm dnh
vo thnh thit b khuy trn
Sn phm tng khi lng
do b sung ng
-Tn tht do sn phm ri
ra trong qu trnh ng
gi,bao b b lng rch, tn
tht sn phm khi vn
chuyn.

3.1.3.1 Tnh lng sn phm sn xut c trong 1 ngy

Trong 1 ngy: (vi nng sut 5000 kg nguyn liu)
Mt ngy lm 2 ca: mi ca lm 2 m, mi m s dng 1250 kg nguyn liu
Vy
Mi m sn xut c:301,3 kg sn phm
Trang 30

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Mi ca sn xut c:602,6 kg sn phm
Mi ngy sn xut c:1025,2 kg sn phm
3.1.3.2 Tnh lng nguyn liu u vo trong 1 ngy
Bng3.3 Nguyn liu cho 1 ngy sn xut
Thnh phn
Khi lng(kg)
Chanh dy
5000
Maltodextrin
211,9
ng
606,3
EnzymPectinase
7,36
Vitamin C
0,3
3.2 Tnh nng lng:
Cng thc tnh lng nhit cn thit cho qu trnh gia nhit:
Q = m * c * T (kJ )
Trong
m
: khi lng (kg)
c
: nhit dung ring ca dch chanh dy (kJ/kgoC)
T
: bin thin nhit (oC)
Cng thc tnh lng nhit cn cho qu trnh gi nhit:
Q=G* T*r*q
Trong
- G
: khi lng (kg)
- T
: thi gian ( h )
- r
: nhit ha hi ca nc ( kJ/kg )
- q
: lng nc bc hi trong 1 gi.
Nhit dung ring ca puree chanh dy:
Theo ngun choi& Okos (1986) trong khong -40oC n 150oC: nhit dung ring cac cht tun
theo cng thc:
Cp= 4,18xXnc + 1,711xXprotein + 1,928 xXbo + 1,547xXcacbonhydrat + 0,908Xtro
Vi X: phn trm khi lng cc cht
Da theo bng 2.3 ta suy ra nhit dung ring ca puree chanh dy l:
Cp = 4,18x0,73 + 1.711x0,022 + 1,928x0,007 + 1,547x0,233 + 0,908x0,008 = 3,47 (J/Kg oC)
3.2.1

Nhit cung cp cho thit b enzym:

3.2.1.1 Nhit cung cp gia nhit:

Khi lng dch chanh dy cn gia nhit trong 1 m: 614,8 Kg
Lng nhit dng gia nhit cho dch chanh dy t 30oC ln 45oC
Q1(1) = 614,8 * 3,47 * (45 30) = 32004,2 (kJ)
Gi s thi gian gia nhit l 15 pht, nng lng in cn cung cp cho qu trnh gia nhit
l
P1(1) = Q1(1) /(15*60) = 35,56 kW
Lng nhit cung cp trong qu trnh gi nhit 45oC
Q1(2) = G1 * T1 * r1 * 0,05
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

G1
: khi lng dch chanh dy ( 614,8 kg)
T1
: thi gian gi nhit ( 1 gi )
r1
: nhit ha hi ca nc 45oC ( 2391.3 kJ/kg )
0,05
: lng nc bc hi trong 1 gi.
Q1(2) = 614,8 * 1* 2391.3 * 0,05 = 73512,1(kJ)
Thi gian gi nhit l 1h, nng lng in cn cung cp cho qu trnh gi nhit l
P1(2) = Q1(2) /(60*60) = 20,42 kW
Nhit cung cp cho qu trnh enzym:
Q1 = Q1(1) + Q1(2) = 21307.088(kJ)
Lng in cn cung cp: P1 = P1(1) + P1(2) = 35,56 + 20,42 = 55,98 kW
Vi

3.2.1.2 Nhit cung cp v hot enzym:

Lng nhit dng gia nhit cho dch chanh dy t 45oC ln 80oC
Q2(1) = 614,8 * 3,47 * (80 45) = 74676,5 (kJ)
Gi s thi gian gia nhit l 15 pht, nng lng in cn cung cp cho qu trnh gia nhit
l
P2(1) = Q2(1) /(15*60) = 82,97 kW
Lng nhit cung cp trong qu trnh gi nhit 80oC trong 15 pht
Q2(2) = G1 * T2 * r2 * 0,05
Vi G1
: khi lng dch chanh dy ( 614,8 kg)
T2
: thi gian gi nhit ( 15 pht=0.25 gi )
r2
: nhit ha hi ca nc 80oC ( 2310 kJ/kg )
0,05
: lng nc bc hi trong 1 gi.
Q2(2) = 50.7076 * 0.25 * 2310 * 0,05 = 17753,2 (kJ)
Thi gian gi nhit l 15 pht, nng lng in cn cung cp cho qu trnh gi nhit l
P2(2) = Q2(1) /(15*60) = 19,73 kW
Nhit cung cp cho thit enzym: Q2 = Q2(1) + Q2(2) = 8740.73(kJ)
Lng in cn cung cp: P21 = P2(1) + P2(2) = 82,97 + 19,73 = 102,7 kW
3.2.2 Nhit cung cp cho thit b phi trn: sau qu trnh ch chanh dy c nhit
khong 50OC
Lng nhit dng gia nhit cho dch chanh dy t 50oC ln 80oC
Q3(1) = 619,4* 3,47 * (80 50) = 75236,8(kJ)
Gi s thi gian gia nhit l 15 pht, nng lng in cn cung cp cho qu trnh gia nhit
l
P3(1) = Q3(1) /(15*60) = 83,6 kW
Lng nhit cung cp trong qu trnh gi nhit 80oC trong 15pht
Q3(2) = G1 * T2 * r2 * 0,05
Vi G1
: khi lng dch chanh dy ( 619,4 kg)
T2
: thi gian gi nhit ( 15 pht=0.25 gi )
r2
: nhit ha hi ca nc 80oC ( 2310 kJ/kg )
0,05
: lng nc bc hi trong 1 gi.
Q3(2) = 619,4 * 0.25 * 2310 * 0,05 = 37031,8 (kJ)
Thi gian gi nhit l 15 pht, nng lng in cn cung cp cho qu trnh gi nhit l
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

P3(2) = Q231) /(15*60) = 41,2 kW
Nhit cung cp cho thit b phi trn: Q2 = Q2(1) + Q2(2) = 8740.73(kJ)
Lng in cn cung cp: P3 = P3(1) + P3(2) = 83,6 + 41,2 = 124,7 kW
3.2.3 Nhit cung cp cho thit b sy
Sau khi qua ng ha, nhit dch chanh dy khong 80oC.
Nhit lng gia nhit khng kh trong bung calofiphe
Khng kh s dng ly theo i kh tng thy vn Lt c nhit trung bnh thp
nht l 20oC, m tng i trung bnh l 70%--> m khng kh trc sy l Y1=0.01 kg
m/kg kkk; gi s sau sy khng kh c m: Y2=0.03 kg m/kg kkk
Sut lng m bc hi trong sut qu trnh sy:
( x1 x2 )
(75 4)
W = L1
= 612, 6
= 453,1 Kg m/m
(100 x2 )
(100 4)
Lng khng kh tuyt i i qua thit b sy:
W
453,1
G=
=
= 22654,7 kg kkk
(Y2 Y1 ) (0, 03 0, 01)
Nhit lng cung cp cho thit b sy:
Q4 =G (H2-H0)+ L2Cvl(tvld-tvlc)+mCvc(tvcc-tvcd) + Qm- WCtvld
= 22654,7*(125-45)+151,6*3,47*(100-80)-453,1*80*4,18+0,5Q
Q = 1759350,6 (kJ)

Chng 4: LA CHN THIT B

4.1 La chn thit b
4.1.1 La chn thit b chnh
4.1.1.1 La chn phn loi :
Thc hin phn loi th cng trn bng ti con ln.
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Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Nguyn tc hot ng ca thit b:
Thit b gm h thng con ln hnh trn gn lin vi h thng dy xch chuyn ng. Bng
ti con ln c kh nng lt mi pha ca qu, nh c th d dng pht hin cc vt h hng.
Bng ti chuyn ng mang theo chanh dy, cng nhn phn loi ng dc theo bng ti s
quan st v la chn loi ra cc qu cha t yu cu theo kinh nghim v cc ch tiu t
ra.
Bng ti c vn tc 0.12 0.15 m/s, nu vn tc ln hn th s nht st. Chiu rng bng
ti khng qu ln, nu b tr lm vic hai bn th rng 80 100 cm l va. Nguyn liu phi
dn mng u trn bng ti th vic chn la mi khng b st.
Bng 4.1 Thng s k thut bng ti con ln
Cng sut
0.55 kW
Kch thc (LxWxH) 4000x100x1200mm
Vn tc bng ti
0,12 0,15m/s. Nh sn xut
Huanyu-Trung Quc
nh mc thi gian la chn 1 m 1250 kg 0,5hnng sut 2500 kg nguyn liu/h
nh mc k thut mt ngi kim tra 250kg nguyn liu/h.
Lng cng nhn s dng: 10 ngi.
4.1.1.2 Ra:
S dng thit b ngm ra xi ti
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Qu trnh ra bao gm hai giai on ngm v ra xi. Nguyn liu c bng chuyn a
vo bn, ti y nguyn liu c ngm trong nc ng thi c bng chuyn a t t ln
khu vc ra xi. Trong khu vc ra xi, nc c phun mnh t trn xung di nhm loi
b cc tp cht bm trn v, d lng thuc tr su Nc trong qu trnh ra c lc v
bm tr li.
Ra xi: dng tia nc phun (p sut 2 3at) hay hoa sen xi, dng dng nc chy ko
cht bn sau khi ngm, nc ra phi lnh v sch.
nh mc thi gian ra 1 m 1250kg nguyn liu l 45 pht=0,75h
nng sut ra 1250/0,75 = 1666,7 kg/h
chn my ra c nng sut 2 tn/h
Bng 4.2 Thng s k thut ca my ra
Model

CXJ-2

Kch thc

2350x910x1600mm

Nng sut

2t/h

Tiu chun

ISO

Cng sut

1.67 kw

Hng sn xut

HUANYU China

4.1.1.3 Ct- Tch rut qu:

Bng 4.3 Thng s k thut my tch rut
Nng sut
2 tn/h
Hng sn xut
Kch
thc (HxLxW)

1680x 1500 x 980mm

ng c

Trang 34

Ching Tan machinery Works i

Loan
7,88 kW

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

4.1.1.4 Thit b enzyme:
Thit b gm ni hnh tr, c lp cnh khuy ng tm vi mc ch o trn cc
nguyn liu. Khi cnh khuy quay s to ra ng nng y khi cht lng chuyn ng trong
lng thit b, gip o trn ng u hn hp. S dng thit b hnh tr y nn, c lp v o
gia nhit, n nh nhit, bn trong thit b c gn cnh khuy.

Khi lng chanh dy cn trong 1 m l 614,8 kg, chn h s cha y thit b l 0,7
Th tch bn phi trn l : V bn = 614,8/0,7 = 878,3 kg
Chn bn phi trn c th tch l 1000 l
Bng 4.4 Thng s k thut thng enzym
Model
LRG-1000
Kch
1300x1100x1200x2850mm
thc(DxD1xHxH1)
Th tch thng 1000L
Cng sut ng c
1,1 kW
cha
p sut lm vic
0.25 Mpa
Hng sn xut
Zhejiang DaYu Light
Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd.
- Trung Quc
o
Nhit lm vic
100 C
Ch tiu
GMP, ISO
Tc cnh khuy 0-720 vng/pht Vt liu
Thp khng g SUS304, 316
ng knh ng 60mm
Khi lng
300 Kg
dn
4.1.1.5 My ch: s dng my ch cnh p
Nguyn tc hot ng: My ch c hai b phn ch yu :
B phn ch gm c trc quay lm bng thp khng g, gn cc cnh p bng g c np
cao su,hoc cnh p thp, hoc cc roi thp. Cnh p lp nghing so vi ng sinh ca trc
quay mt gc 1,5 20. Do c gc nghing ny m nguyn liu di chuyn theo ng xon c v
b c un ra ngoi cui my. Vn tc ca trc quay l khong 700 rpm.
Ry trn c nh bng thp khng g ( m bo cht lng nguyn liu ch khng b en,
t n tht vitamin C), c c nhiu l nh. Vi nc qu c, thng dng l ry 0,5 0,75
mm.

Bng 4.5 Thng s k thut my ch cnh p

Model:
LZ-1.5
ng knh trc vt

175

Vt liu
Nng sut

SUS304
1.5T/H

Tc xoay trc vt
Kch thc mng lc

400 vng/pht
0.3mm

Kch thc(LxWxH)

1, 560 x 960x 1, 340mm

ng c
Hng sn xut

4kW
Jiangsu Haiou Food
Machinery
Co.,Ltd-

Trang 35

mm

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Trung Quc
4.1.1.6 Thit b phi trn:
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Bn hnh tr, bn trong c lp cnh khuy.
Thit b ny thch hp vi khuy trn nh dch qu b sung thm maltodextrin trong trng
hp nng cht kh khng t yu cu cho qu trnh sy, t tiu tn nng lng, s dng cc
cnh khuy khc nh cnh khuy tuabin, cnh khuy mi cho.
Thit b gm ni hnh tr, c lp cnh khuy ng tm vi mc ch o trn cc
nguyn liu. Khi cnh khuy quay s to ra ng nng y khi cht lng chuyn ng trong
lng thit b, gip o trn ng u hn hp. S dng thit b hnh tr y nn, c lp v o
gia nhit, n nh nhit, bn trong thit b c gn cnh khuy.
Khi lng chanh dy cn phi trn trong 1 m l 619,4 kg, chn h s cha y thit b l
0,7
Th tch bn phi trn l : V bn = 619,4/0,7 = 884,9 kg
Chn bn phi trn c th tch l 1000 l
Bng 4.6 Thng s k thut ca thit b phi trn
Model
LRG-1000
Kch
thc(DxD1xHxH1)
Th tch thng 1000L
Cng sut ng c
cha
p sut lm vic
0.25 Mpa
Hng sn xut
Nhit lm vic
100oC
Tc cnh khuy 0-720 vng/pht
ng knh ng 60mm
dn

Ch tiu
Vt liu
Khi lng

1300x1100x1200x2850mm
1,1 kW
Zhejiang DaYu Light
Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd.
- Trung Quc
GMP, ISO
Thp khng g SUS304, 316
300 Kg

4.1.1.7 Thit b ng ha:

S dng thit b ng ha p lc cao
Bng 4.7 Thng s k thut thit b ng ha
Model
LH 1000-25
Nhit lm vic
Nng sut
1000 L/h
nht nguyn liu
th
p sut lm vic lin 20 Mpa
ng knh ng cp
tc
liu
p sut lm vic ln 25 Mpa
ng knh ng
Trang 36

80oC
<0.2Pa.s
25 mm
15 mm

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

nht
Kch thc nguyn
liu trc ng ha
Kch thc h nh
tng say ng ho
Kch thc(LxWxH)
ng c

<30 m

thot liu
Hng sn xut

<5 m

Trng lng

Minhua Machinery
Co.,Ltd- Trung Quc
410 kg

1250x950x1300mm
7.5 kW

Gi thit b

58.000.000

4.1.1.8 Thit b sy phun:

Bng 4.8 Thng s k thut thit b sy phun
Model
Nng sut

LPG-200
170-210kg/h

Kiu phun

li tm, tc cao

Cng sut
Quay a
Gia nhit Caloriphe
Tc vng quay a
phun
Kch thc (DxH)

43 kW
95 kw
15000-18000 vng/pht

ng knh a
ng knh l
phun
Nhit u
vo
Nhit u ra

150 mm
0.8 mm

Hiu sut

>95%

Hng sn xut

Changzhou
Jiangsu
Co.,Ltd. China

130-200
70-90

3660x7000 mm

4.1.1.9 Thit b phi trn:

Nguyn tc hot ng:
S dng my trn thng quay y cn, c cu to gm; thng cha vt liu c truyn
ng quay qua cc gi hay cc trc c gn vi cc thng. Khi thng quay, di tc
dng ca lc ly tm, VL trong thng s c nng ln v ri xung to s o trn trong
khi vt liu.
Thit b hot ng lin tc, vic nhp v tho liu c tin hnh thng qua hai l hai u
ca thng trn., thng trn c t nghing 1 gc so vi mt phng ngang to s di
chuyn d dng cho vt liu.
Thit b c cu to n gin, nng sut ln.
Mi 1 m sy c 185,2 kg, qua qu trnh hon thin trn thm ng vi t l 1:1, lng
ng trn thm vo l 185,2 kg.
Vy lng bt trn trong qu trnh phi trn l: 185,2*2=302,8 kg
Chn h s cha y ca thit b l 0,8
Kh nng cha ng thng phi trn = 302,8/0,8 = 378,5 kg
Chn thit b phi trn SYH-600 c nng sut trn 300-540 kg
Bng 4.9 Thng s k thut thit b phi trn bt
Model
SYH-600
Kch thc (LxWxH) 1900x210022250mm
Dung tch bn cha
600 Kg
Hiu sut trn
>90%
Dung tch cha bt
540 Kg
Trng lng
1500 Kg
(H s cha y)
Nng sut trn
300-540 Kg
Tiu chun
ISO 9001-2000
Trang 37

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

ng knh nhp 400mm
liu
ng knh tho liu 200mm
S vng quay ca 8-15 vng/pht
my trn

Vt liu
Cng sut ng c
Hng sn xut

Thp khng g SUS

304L,316L
5 kW
KEWEI
MECHANICAL China

4.1.1.10 Thit b ng gi:

Nguyn tc hot ng:
Sn phm c a vo phu nhp liu, valve nh lng m ra sn phm vo y
piston, valve t ng ng li v m ca tho liu tho xung bao b di. Ta nh lng
thc phm da vo iu chnh piston nh lng.
Bao b c cu to t mng plastic loi mt mnh cun li c ghp m theo ng gia
thn bng phng php hn nhit. Bao b s c hn y, sau khi rt sn phm vo trong bao
b th s c b phn ca my hn phn ming ca ti.
Bng 4.10 Thng s k thut:
Model
ZL200
Kch
thc 1330x1140x2460 mm
(LxWxH)
Kch thc bao 80-250x80-180
Nng sut
20-50 ti/ pht
b(LxW)
Khi lng ng 100-500g
gi/ti
ng c
3 kW 220V, 50Hz
Hng sn xut
Hangzhou Truemax Machinery
& Equipment Co., Lt Trung
Quc

4.1.2 La chn thit b ph

4.1.2.1 Bn cha trung gian
S dng bn cha hnh tr, dung tch 1000 L
Bng 4.10 Thng s k thut ca thit b trung gian
Model
LP-1000
Kch
thc(DxHxH1)
Th tch thng cha 1000L
Cng sut ng c
p sut lm vic
0.25 Mpa
Hng sn xut

Tc cnh khuy 36 vng/pht

ng knh ng 60mm
dn
4.1.2.2 Cyclone cha bt
Model
CY-N1
Kch thc (DxH)mm 1100x2600

Ch tiu
Vt liu

Cng sut
Hng sn xut
Trang 38

1150x1200x1940mm
0,75 kW
Wenzhou Longqiang Light
Industry Machinery Co., LtdTrung Quc
GMP, ISO
Thp khng g SUS304, 316

1,1 kW
Hoeseng-Trung Quc

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

4.2.3 Tng hp my mc thit b trong phn xng
Bng 4.12 Tng hp my mc thit b trong phn xng
Tn thit b
Bng ti con ln
My ra liu
Tch rut

2,5T/h
2T/h

S
lng
1
1
1

enzyme

2000 L

My ch

1,5T/h

Nng sut

Thng phi trn

2000 L

Hng cung cp

Model

Huanyu-Trung Quc
Huanyu-Trung Quc
ChingTan-i Loan

CXJ-2

Zhejiang DaYu
LPG-2000
- Trung Quc
Jiangsu Haiou-Trugn LZ-150
Quc

Cng
sut(KW)

Kch thc(mm)
(LxWxH)

0,55
3,75
7,88
1,5

4000x1000x1200
2350x910x1600
1500x980x1680
1500x1500x285
0

1560x960x1340
1500x1500x285
0

Zhejiang DaYu
LPG-2000
1,5
- Trung Quc
ng ha
1500 L/h
1
Minhua- Trung Quc LH1500-25 7,5
1250x950x1300
Sy phun
300 Kg/h
1
Changzhou Jiangsu LPG-300
138
3700x7000
Co.,Ltd. China
Phi trn
300-540 kg 1
KEWEI China
SYH-600
5
1900x2100x2250
ng gi
1
Hangzhou-Trung
ZL 200
3
1330x1140x2460
Quc
Bn cha trung 1500L
5
Wenzhou
-Trung LRG 1500
1,5
gian
Quc
4.2 B tr mt bng phn xng sn xut
4.2.1 B tr thit b
Vic b tr thit b trong phn xng c lin quan nhiu vn :
- Cng ngh
- Thao tc vn hnh, sa cha. Nu xp t hp l th thao tc thoi mi, t gy ra tai nn
- Thng gi, nh sng t nhin
- M quan: sp xp gn gng, mu sc hi ha, thng thong To s hp dn thoi mi
khi lm vic
- Cc my mc thit b phi c xp t mt cch lin tc theo ng quy trnh cng
ngh. My ny ni tip my kia mt cch hp l, ng i khng c ct nhau hoc
khng b tr theo hnh xon c chn cch b tr theo ng dch dc
- Dy chuyn b tr trn 1 tng
4.2.2 Xc nh din tch mt bng phn xng
Din tch xy dng phn xng bao gm din tch b tr thit b sn xut v din tch kho cha
sn phm
Bng 4.11 Kch thc thit b chnh s dng trong quy trnh
STT

Thit b

Kch thc (LxHxW)mm

SL

Bng ti con ln

4000x1000x1200

My ra liu

2350x910x1600

Tch rut qu

1680x1500x980

enzyme

1300x 1100x1200

My ch

1560x960x1340

Phi trn

1300x 1100x1200

Trang 39

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

7

ng ha

1250x950x1300

Sy phun

3360x7000

Thi b trn thng quay

1900x2100x2250

10

Thit b ng gi

1330x1140x2460

1
2 Chn din tch xy dng cc phn xng sn xut
+ Da vo kch thc thit b, h thng thit b
+ Khong cch gia cc thit b chnh: chn 2-3m
+ Thit b cch tng: chn 2 m
+ B rng ca cc li i chnh trong phn xng: chn 3m
+ Chiu cao ca phn xng sn xut: 6m
+ Chn li ct: khu nh nh, chn bc ct l 6
Khu sn xut : 24x18 (m)

1 Mt bng phn xng: ph lc s mt bng phn xng

2 Din tch phn xng sn xut: 432m
2

Chng 5. Tnh in- nc

5.1 Tnh ton nc dng trong sn xut
5.1.1Nc cng ngh dng trong quy trnh sn xut:
Nc cng ngh trong quy trnh s dng dng ra nguyn liu
Trung bnh tiu hao 1lt nc/1Kg nguyn liu. Lng nc dng ra nguyn liu l
N1= 5000*1 = 5000 (lt)
5.1.2 Nc v sinh thit b, Nc v sinh nh my, nc sinh hot, nc dng cho
cng nhn
Lng nc v sinh thit b: c d tr khong 1000 lt/ ca sn xut, ngy lm 2 ca
N2 = 1000*2 = 2000 l
Nc v sinh nh my: N3 = 20% N1 = 1000 l
Nc sinh hot
Nc dng cho cng nhn lm vic trong phn xng 25lit/ngi/ca.
Ta chn s lng cng nhn lm vic trong phn xng l 43 ngi.Nh vy lng
nc dng trong 1 ngy l:
N4 = 25*43=1075 lt
Lng nc tm cho cng nhn sau gi lm vic tnh theo ca, s dng theo tiu chun 40
ngi/ 1 vi tm 500l/ gi. Vi s cng nhn l 43 ngi, lng nc tm c tnh l
N5 = 500*40/43*2=930 l/gi (mi ngy dng tm 2 gi)
Nc r r: 5% tng lng nc
Tng lng nc s dung trong vng 1 ngy ca phn xng l:
N= N1 + N2 + N3 + N4 + N5
= (5000+2000+1000+1075+930)*1.05=10.505,25 lt=10,50525 m3
5.2 Tnh ton in
5.2.1Tnh in ng lc: in vn hnh thit b
Bng 5.1 Cng sut in ca cc thit b chnh trong nh my
Trang 40

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

STT

Thit b

Cng sut (kW)

SL

Tng cng sut (kW)

Bng ti con ln

0,55

0,55

My ra liu

1,67

1,67

My tch v

7,88

7,83

Thit b

1,1

1,1

Thit b ch cnh p

Thit b phi trn

1,1

1,1

ng ha

7,5

7,5

Sy phun

138

138

Thit b phi trn bt

5,5

5,5

10

My ng gi

Tng cng

170,25

- Tng cng sut in ca cc thit b chnh: 170,25 kW

- Cng sut ca h thng cp nc, x l nc thi, ly bng 10% tng cng sut
thit b chnh 10%*170,25 = 17,025 kW
- in dng trong cc qu trnh cng ngh:
Qu trnh enzyme P1 = 35,56 + 20,42 = 55,98 kW
Qu trnh v hot enzyme P2 = 82,97 + 19,73 = 102,7 kW
Qu trnh phi trn P3 = 83,6 + 20,57 = 104,17 kW
Tng in dng cho cng ngh: P=P1 + P2 + P3 = 55,98+102,7+104,17 = 262,85 kW
Cng sut in ng lc ca nh my: Pl = 170,25+17,025+262,85=476,605 kW.
Tnh in chiu sang
in chiu sng dng trong cc bng n trong nh my.
Chn in chiu sng bng 10% in ng lc
Nh vy cng sut in dng trong chiu sng l:
476,605*10%=47,66 kW
Tng in s dng476,605+ 47,66=524,265 kW

Trang 41

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Chng 6. Tnh ton kinh t

6.1 Tnh tng tin lng
6.1.1 Tnh s lng cng nhn chnh
S lng cng nhn chnh = Qi * DMi * 1/Ttb
Ttb = N* G
Qi s lng hng ha trong vng 1 nm,
Nng sut phn xng l 1205,5kg/ngy, 1 nm lm vic 300 ngy
Qi= 1205,5*300 = 361.650 ( kg sn phm)
DMi : nh mc thi gian i vi 1 sn phm
Coi nh nh mc lm ra 1 sn phm l 15 pht= 0.25 gi
Ttb : thi gian lm vic trung bnh ca 1 cng nhn trong vng 1 nm
N=305,5-Nv
Nv: s ngy vng mt cng nhn trong vng 1 nm, chon Nv=5 ngy
N= 305,5 5 = 300,5 ngy
G= 8-NVg
NVg: thi gian vng mt cong nhn trong 1 ngy, chn NVg=1h
G=8-1=7 gi
Suy ra, Ttb = N*G = 300,5*7= 2103,5 gi
V s lng cng nhn chnh = 361.650 * 0,25/ 2103,5 = 42,98 chn l 43 cng nhn

6.1.2 Tnh tng tin lng cho cng nhn

6.1.2.1 Tnh lng c bn cho cng nhn chnh
Trang 42

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Lng= Lng ti thiu* h s lng

- Tnh ti thng 5 nm 2009, lng ti thiu cc khu vc bnh qun) tng ln
800.000 ng 1 thng
- H s lng cho cng nhn lao ng ph thng c chi ra lm 7 bc ty theo tay
ngh ca cng nhn. H s lng c bn ca 7 bc ln lt nh sau: 1,67; 1,96;2,31; 2,71;
3,19; 3,74; 4,4 v h s lng trung bnh tnh cho cng nhn l 2,854 (theo ngh nh
ca chnh ph s 110/2008/N-CP ngy 10 thng 10 nm 2008)

Tng tin lng c bn tr cho cng nhn l

Lng c bn = 43*2,854*800.000= 98.177.600 vnd
6.1.2.2 Tnh ph cp lm thm gi cho cng nhn chnh
- Tnh ph cp lm thm gi cho cng nhn, cng theo (theo ngh nh ca chnh
ph s 110/2008/N-CP ngy 10 thng 10 nm 2008) mc ph cp lm thm gi khong
0,3 mc lng chung

Tng ph cp lm thm gi l
Ph cp= 0,3*98.177.600 =29.453.280 vnd
Tng tin lng hng thng cn phi tr cho cng nhn l
Tng lng = 98.177.600 + 29.453.280 = 127.630.880 vnd
Bo him x hi 4%*127.630.880 = 5.105.000 vnd
Tin ph cp ngoi lng

= 1.2*(tng lng- bo him)

= 1.2* (127.630.880 5.105.000)
= 147.031.000 vnd

6.2 Tnh vn u t
6.2.1 Vn u t c nh
6.2.1.1 Vn u t xy dng
Din tch phn xng l 432m2 , u t xy dng cho 1m2 l 200.000 vnd, suy ra vn
u t mt bng s l:
To = 432*200.000=86.400.000
6.2.1.2 Vn u t thit b
Tin u t thit b chnh
Bng 6.1 Chi ph thit b dng trong phn xng
Thit b

SL

Gi tin u t(vnd)

Bng ti con ln

10.000.000

My ra liu

80.000.000

Thit b tch rut qu

100.000.000

Thit b phi trn

70.000.000*2=140.000.000

Thit b ch cnh p

60.000.000

Thit b ng ha

58.000.000

Thit b sy phun

200.000.000

Thit b phi trn

70.000.000

Trang 43

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Thit b ng gi

Tng tin u t thit b(T1)

60.000.000
710.000.000 vnd

6.2.1.3 Tin u t lp t (T2)

Khong u t lp t chim t 0,2-0,025 tin u t thit b chnh
Vy, tin u t lp t l: 0,2*710.000.000=142.000.000
6.2.1.4 Tin u t cho khong ph (T3)nh thit k, vn chuyn, bc d chim
khong 0,1% tin u t thit b chnh
S tin chi cho khong ph l : 0,1*710.000.000=71.000.000
Tng tin u t c nh l Tc nh = To + T1 + T2 + T3
86.400.000 + 710.000.000 + 142.000.000 + 71.000.000 = 1.009.400 vnd
6.2.2 Vn lu ng
6.2.2.1 Chi ph sn xut
Chi ph nguyn liu: Theo tnh ton cn bng vt cht
Bng 6.2 Chi ph nguyn liu
Nguyn liu

Gi tin(vnd/kg)

Lng dng
1 ngy (kg)

Chanh dy ta
7.000
ng
8.000
Maltodextrin
30.000
Vitamin C
1.200.000
Enzym Pectinase
800.000
Tng tin cn u t nguyn liu 1 nm()

Lng dng
1 nm (kg)

5.000
606,3
212
0,3
7,36

1.500.000
181.890
63.600
90
2.208

Chi ph(vnd)
10.500.000.000
1.455.120.000
1.908.000.000
108.000.000
1.766.400.000
15.737.520.000

Chi phi nc
- Tng lng nc s dng trong vng 1 ngy ca phn xng l 10,50525 Gi nc
phc v cho sn xut l 5000/m3
- Tng cng sut in trong vng 1 ngy ca phn xng l 524,265 kw, gi in dng
trong sn xut l 1062/kWh
Tng tin in nc trong vng 1 ngy:
Tin+nc 1 ngy = 10,50525*5000+524,265*1062*8=4.506.681
Tng tin u t in, nc trong vng 1 nm l
T in, nc 1 nm = 1.166.065 *300=1.352.004.300
6.2.2.2 Chi ph tr lng cng nhn
Trong vng 1 thng

Tng lng = 127.630.880 vnd

Bo him x hi = 5.105.000 vnd

Tin ph cp ngoi lng = 147.031.000 vnd

Tng chi ph lng v ph cp trong vng 1 thng: Tluong+ph cp= 279.766.880

Trong vng 1 nm : T lng+ph cp 1 nm = 279.766.880 * 12 =3.357.202.560
Trang 44

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Tng vn lu ng
Tlu ng = 15.737.520.000+ 1.352.004.300 + 3.357.202.560 = 20.446.727.067
6.2.3 Tng vn u t
Tng tin u t trong 1 nm cho c nh my l
Tu t

= Tc nh + Tlu ng
= 1.009.400.000 +20.446.727.067 = 21.456.127.067

Gi cho 1 n v (1kg)sn phm = 21.456.127.067 /361.650 =59.328 /kg

Chng 7: Tnh t chc nhn s

7.1 T chc sn xut, phn cng lm vic
1 Qun l phn xng: chu trch nhim qun l ton b cc qu trnh trong phn
xng, qun l nhn vin v cng nhn trong phn xng. Lp k hoch, gim
st v kim tra cht ch tng cng vic ca cc qu trnh. Pht hin ra cc sai li
ca sn phm, cc sai li tng qu trnh.
2 Nhn vin k thut: chu trch nhim iu khin my mc thit b theo k hoch
c giao
3 Cng nhn: v sinh nh xng, thit b, xp chai vo thng, dn thng, vn
chuyn sn phm vo kho, xut kho.
4 S cng nhn trong phn xng c xc nh trn l 43 cng nhn
Bng 7.1 Phn cng lm vic trong phn xng
Khu vc
Thit b
Cng nhn chnh
X l v s ch

X l rut qu
nh
trn

lng,

La chn

10

My ra

My tch 1

- Ch

phi - Phi trn

ng ha

Sy

ng gi

- My phi trn

- ng gi

Tng cng nhn

20

Trang 45

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

S lng cng nhn trong phn xng mi ca sn xut l 20 cng nhn, 1 ngy lm vic
l 40 cng nhn
Mi ca sn xut cn 2 k s m trch k thut, 1 qun l phn xng.
7.2 B tr v sinh- An ton lao ng
7.1.2 H thng cung cp nc
Phn xng c ngun nc sch m bo ng yu cu quy nh ca B Y t. Cc thit b
cung cp nc sch dng cho ch bin nh ng ng, b cha c thit k hp v sinh,
khng r r, khng c hi, d lm v sinh.
H thng thot nc thi m bo thi c ht lu lng nc cn thi trong hot ng
sn xut hng ngy ca c s. Cng thot c dc thch hp.
7.1.2 Khu vc v sinh cng nhn
Phn xng c phng thay bo h lao ng cho cng nhn.
Nh v sinh p ng c nhng yu cu quy nh ti iu 3.11.4.1 ca Tiu chun Ngnh
28 TCN 130 : 1998.
7.1.3 K hoch v sinh phn xng
Sau mi ca sn xut cng nhn lm v sinh trn cc thit b, h thng ng ng Tin
hnh tng v sinh trong phn xng 1 tun 1 ln.
Nguyn tc:
Lm sch trc ri mi v sinh. Thng dng nc lm sch bng cht c tnh kim
trng thi lnh nhit bung cha khng tng ln sau khi lm sch v sc ra, sau mi tin
hnh v sinh.
Lm sch hon ton yu cu dng chy ri.
Cc cht dng lm v sinh c hiu qu nng thp, li nhng cht khng c. Cng
c th dng nc nng trn 80C.
Cht lm sch l NaOH, cht lm v sinh l nc.
Nc, chai, nt v sn phm c kim tra thng xuyn 2 ln/ngy.
7.1.4 V sinh c nhn
Cng nhn trc tip sn xut c trang b y qun o v m bo h lao ng.
Nhn vin k thut, kim nghim c trang b o blouse trng, m trng, khu trang v
gng tay cao su loi mng.
Trc v sau khi tip xc vi sn phm, sau khi i v sinh, cng nhn ra sch tay bng x
phng dit khun.
Cng nhn khi sn xut m bo v sinh c nhn, khng mc cc bnh truyn nhim. Cng
nhn c khm sc kho trc khi vo lm vic ti c s v nh k mi nm 1 ln.
7.1.5 An ton khi s dng in
Trong qu trnh lm vic cng nhn thng xuyn phi tip xc vi cc my v thit b do
phi ht sc ch n an ton v in.
Cc bin php an ton khi s dng in:
- Khi xy dng li in cho cc cng trnh cn m bo li in chiu sng v ng lc lm
vic ring r, c kh nng ct in ton b ph ti in trong phm vi tng hng mc cng trnh
hay mt khu vc sn xut.
- B tr ng dy xa tm tay hay ng i li ca cng nhn trong phn xng. B tr cu dao
hp l c th nhanh chng ngt in khi xy ra s c.
- Khng t my gn cc b phn sinh nhit.
- Cng nhn phi thc hin cc ni quy an ton v in.
7.1.6 Phng chy cha chy
Phng chy l khu quan trng nht trong cng tc phng chy cha chy v khi m chy
xy ra th d bin php chng chy c hiu qu nh th no th thit hi vn to ln v ko
di.
Cc bin php phng trnh ti a s c ho hon:
Trang 46

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Thng xuyn tuyn truyn gio dc mi ngi hiu r v t nguyn tham gia phng
chy cha chy l vn ht sc cn thit v quan trng.
Trong tng phn xng phi c bnh cha chy.
Cc phng tin cha chy phi t ni thun li. Bm cha chy phi c ngun in
ring c lp vi ngun in ca nh my.
Cm la, cm ht thuc trong cc phn xng sn xut.

KT LUN
Sau qu trnh nghin cu tm hiu v tnh ton, ti thit k ra m hnh phn xng sn
xut bt chanh dy ha tan c nng sut 5000 Kg nguyn liu/ ngy.
Phn xng sn xut t ti Khu cng nghip Ph Hi, huyn c Trng, tnh Lm ng,
c din tch 432 m2, phn xng c xy dng b tr theo ng cc tiu chun, c s h
tng, trang thit b ph hp p ng c nhu cu sn xut v c th m rng qui m sn
xut trong tng lai. Phn xng c nng sut 5000 kg nguyn liu/ ngy, mi ngy sn
xut ra hn 1 tn sn phm bt chanh dy.
Bi bo co ny nu ln vn tnh ton, thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanhd y
ha tan nng sut 5000 Kg nguyn liu/ngy
Vic chn a im xy dng phn xng c xem xt trn nhiu c s nh ngun
nguyn liu, nhn cng, in, nc, giao thng vn ti, c s h tng, th trng nn gp
phn to iu kin cho phn xng hot ng c hiu qu.
V mt cng ngh, phn xng c thit k da trn cng ngh hin i.
V mt nng lng, do phn xng chn cng ngh, thit b tin tin, hin i nn tit kim
c tiu hao nng lng gp phn gim chi ph sn xut cho phn xng.
So vi qui trnh sn xut bt tri cy cu cc phn xng khc, phn xng ny ny c cc
u im sau:
o Hn ch s tht thot cht dinh dng
o Sn phm c c hng v v ging vi t nhin.
o Qui trnh cng ngh khp kn, hp v sinh.
Tuy nhin, phng php ny cng c mt s nhc im sau:
o Chi ph u t trang thit b cao. Cc tnh ton thit k da trn l thuyt nn cn c qu
trnh vn hnh thc t hiu chnh.

Trang 47

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

o Phn tnh ton xy dng ch yu ch tham kho phn l thuyt nn c th c nhiu ch,
nhiu s liu khng ph hp trong thc t.
o Phn tnh ton kinh t mang tnh cht tng i v thiu n gi c th ca mt s thit b
sn xut. Ngoi ra, chi ph cho vic xy dng sn xut, iu hnh phn xng c th dao
ng nhng thi im khc nhau.

MT S HNH NH THIT B

Bng ti con ln

Thit b ra xi ti

Trang 48

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Thit b tch rut qu

Thit b phi trn- enzym

Trang 49

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Thit b ch cnh p

Thit b ng ha p lc cao

Trang 50

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Thit bi sy phun

Thit b phi trn thng quay

Thit b ng gi

Bn cha trung gian

Trang 51

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Vn Thoa Nguyn Vn Tip Quch nh ,K thut bo qun v ch
bin rau qu , Nh xut bn KHKT.
2. Nguyn Vn Tip Quch nh Ng M Vn, K thut sn xut hp rau
qu , Nh xut bn Thanh Nin.
3. L Bch Tuyt Cc qu trnh cng ngh c bn trong sn xut thc phm,
khoa ha thc phm v cng ngh sinh hc trng H Bch Khoa H Ni.
4. Quch nh, Nguyn Vn Tip, Nguyn Vn Thoa Cng ngh sau thu hoch
v ch bin rau qu, NXB KHKT, 1996.
5. L Vn Vit Mn Cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm t sa v thc ung,
NXB HQG Tp. H Ch Minh, 2004.
6. Phm Vn Bn (su tm), Tnh ton cc thng s nhit l ca thc phm v
nguyn liu, HBKTPHCM, 2005.
7. Philip E. Nelson Donald K. Tressler, Fruit and vegetable juice processing
technology, AVI publishing company, 1980.
8. www.vnulib.edu.vn:8000/dspace/bitstream/123456789/1826/1/sedev0406-09.pdf
9. www.trade.com-chinesuppliers-sunday0531-product-detail-china-fruit-washing
machine.htm
10. www.haioucn.com
11. www.made-in-china.com
12. www.diytrade.com-china-4-product-suppository_Highjteffect_Homogenizer.htm.url
Trang 52

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

13. www.alibaba.com
14. www.hoesheng.com
15. www.liufeng168.com
16. www.bajajaimachine.com.fruit-cutter.htm
17. www.wikipedia.com

3
Chi ph
Gi tin
Lng dng Thnh tin
nguyn liu
(vnd/kg)
1 ngy (kg) (vnd)
Chanh dy ta
5.000
5.000
25.000.000
ng
8.000
591,5
4.732.000
Maltodextrin
30.000
223,1
6.693.000
Vitamin C
1.200.000
0,3
360.000
Enzym Pectinase
800.000
7,36
5.888.000
Bao b
1.000/m2
10.585,8
10.585.800
Tng chi ph 1 ngy
53.258.800
Gi thnh 1 n v sn phm theo nguyn liu
45.280

Qui trnh
La chn
Phn loi
Tch rut qu
enzym

u vo
(kg)
2500

Tn tht Thay i u ra
%
khc %
(kg)
-3
2425,0

2425,0
1226,0

- 0.5
+ 0.3

- 49,19

1226,0
1229,7

Ch

1229,7

-1

- 7,81

1099,6

Phi trn

1099,6

- 0.2

+ 10,14

1208,7

ng ho
Sy phun
Hon thin
ng gi

1208,7
1195,5
295,8
591,1

- 0.1
-5
- 0.1
- 0.5

-1
1195,5
-73,96%
295,8
+ 100,05%
591,1
588,1

Trang 53

Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan

Model
Nng sut
p sut
Kch thc(LxWxH)
Nhit lm vic
Kch thc trc
ng ha
Kch thc sau ng
ha
nht nguyn liu
th
ng knh ng cp
liu
ng knh ng thot
liu
ng c
Hng sn xut

LH 1500-25
1500 L/h
20-25 Mpa
1250x950x1300mm
80oC
<30 m
<5 m
<0.2Pa.s
25 mm
15 mm
7.5 kW
Minhua
Machinery
Co.,Ltd- Trung Quc

Trang 54

Model
Nng sut
Kiu phun
Thit k phn xng sn xut bt chanh dy ha tan
Kch thc (DxH)
ng knh a
Nhit u vo oC
Model
Nng sut
Kch thc(LxWxH)
ng knh trc vt
ng knh l lc
Tc xoay trc vt
ng c
Hng sn xut

Nhit u ra oC

LZ-1.5

Tc vng quay
1.5T/H
a phun
1, 560 x 450x 1, 340mm Hiu sut
175 mm
Cng sut
0,5 mm
Quay a
400 vng/pht
Gia nhit Caloriphe
4kW
Hng sn xut
Jiangsu Haiou Food
Machinery Co.,Ltd-Trung
Quc

Trang 55

LPG-300
250-300 Kg/h
li tm, tc cao
3700x7000 mm
150 mm
130-200
70-90
15000-18000
vng/pht
>95%
43 kW
95 kw
Changzhou
Jiangsu
Co.,Ltd. China