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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC
Vi ti Nghin cu h thng cn bng nh lng trong nh my sn xut xi mng l ng.
Chng 1
TNG QUAN V CNG TY XI MNG TIN SN H TY
1.1. Gii thiu s lc v cng ty: Cng ty xi mng Tin Sn tin thn l nh my vi , nm 1995 c s quan tm ch o ca ng v Nh nc, nh my u t xy xng mt dy chuyn sn xut xi mng c cng 25Tn/h v a vo hot ng t nm 1996,thit b v dy chuyn cng ngh ban u c nhp khu hon ton ca Trung Quc,vi tng gi tr u t ban u l 39 t ng.Sau gn 10 nm hot ng sn xut cho ti nay nh my c nhiu thay i sa cha nng cp thit b cng nh dy chuyn cng ngh,nhm nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong qu trnh sn xut, c bit l kt hp cng vi trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thi Nguyn thit k ci tin v thay th mt s thit b ca dy chuyn cn bng nh lng. Vi i ng CBCNV giu kinh nghim a nh my hot ng ngy cng pht trin i ln,c hiu qu kinh t cao lun t danh hiu l n v i u cho ngnh xi mng trong khu vc.vi c cu sp xp t chc cn b hp l khng nhng a nh my hot ng c hiu qu kinh t cao m cn xng danh l n v vng mnh trong cng tc t chc cng on v on TN ca khu vc.Vi a hnh nh my c xy dng trn vng t ca x Hng Quang - huyn ng Ho tnh H Ty,khu sn xut t st vi
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC ni thun tin cho vic khai thc nguyn liu, vn phng lm vic ca cng ty c xy dng cch nh my sn xut khong 500m,thun tin cho vic qun l v theo di x l kp thi nhng vng mc trong qu trnh sn xut, tin cho vic giao dch v tiu th sn phm cng ty xy dng tt c 3 vn phng i din trn a bn cc huyn v tnh ln cn trong khu vc.Vi phng chm phn u sn xut v tiu th 150.000 tn xi mng trn nm, trong nhiu nm nh my phi hot ng lin tc ht cng sut hon thnh mi ch tiu ra, trong thi gian gn y sn phm xi mng ca nh my sn xut ra khng cung cp cho th trng trong tnh v trong nc, hng ti cng ty mun u t nng cng sut sn xut ca nh my ln nhm m bo sn lng cung cp cho th trng tiu th trong nc c bit l th trng trong tnh H Ty v mt s tnh ln cn. 1.2 Tm hiu v t chc hot ng ca cng ty : c bit cng ty hot ng sn xut c hiu qu, sn phm sn xut ra c ngi tiu dng a chung l nh c b my lnh o tt, kt hp vi vic b tr sp xp cng vic hp l cho tng CBCNV . Qua tm hiu c bit s t chc ca cng ty nh sau : (Hnh 1.1)
Gim c Ph trach chung
P.Gim c VTVT(QMR)
P.Gim c Ph trach SX
PHNG KTCN
BAN ISO
PHNG VTVT
PHNG TCHC
PHNG VTTK
PHNG KH
PHNG T.PHM
PX C iin
PX Liu
PX L
PX K.thc
PX T.phm
Hnh 1.1 S t chc cng ty xi mng Tin Sn
1.3.Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut xi mng - Nh my xi mng Tin Sn: Vi thit k quy trnh cng ngh gm hai dy chuyn hot ng song song vi nhau nh my sn xut rt c hiu qu, trnh c vic lng ph thi gian v nguyn vt liu trong qu trnh sn xut, kt hp vi vic ci to thay th mt s thit b trong dy chuyn, nn hin nay nh my thuc din mt trong nhng nh my sn xut xi mng hin i ca nc ta. c bit l h thng cn bng nh lng, cng ty kt hp vi trng i hc cng nghip - Thi Nguyn ci to v thay th h thng cn bng nh lng, trc y s dng theo nguyn l cp liu rung, thay vo nay c lp
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC t h thng cn cp liu t ng iu khin bng bin tn, thit b hin i c m phng trn my tnh. Di y l s khi dy chuyn sn xut xi mng ca nh my xi mng Tin SnH Ty (Hnh 1.2):
My ht bi
Nghin liu s 1 + 2 Ht th Phn ly s 1 + 2
Kim tra
My ht bi
Si l 6,7,8
ng nht
Kim tra
H2 0
Trn m 1+2 A Thch cao Ph gia
H 20
V vin 1+2
Kim tra
Kim tra
Kim tra
My ht bi
L nung s 1+2
p,np
Kim tra
Kim tra
Si l 9,10,11
My ht bi
Si l 12,13
H thng cn bng nh lng s 3+4
My ht bi
Nghin xi s 3+4 Ht th Phn ly s 3+4
Kim tra
ng nht
Si l 14,15,16
My ht bi
Kim tra
ng bao
Kim tra
Nhp kho

Hnh 1.2 S khi dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut xi mng Cty xi mng Tin Sn
1.4. Thuyt minh s cng ngh: 1.4.1 Cng on chun b nguyn liu. Nguyn liu sn xut xi mng ch yu l vi, ngoi ra cn c cc loi ph gia khc nh than, t, qung st, thch cao. Vi iu kin thun li l nguyn liu gn st nh my, sau khi c khai thc c h thng cc bng ti cao su vn chuyn v ni tp kt v c phn loi ( vi en, vi xanh), kim tra cht lng. t cht lng c kch thc gii hn l 350 mm. t cht lng c a xung cc mng , t cc mng ny, c cc bng ti xch tm a n cc my kp hm thc hin cng on p ln th nht. Sau khi qua cc my kp hm ny th kch thc t kch thc gii hn l 80 mm. Sau khi qua cng on p ln 1, c h thng bng ti cao su a vo my p ba thc hin cng on p ln 2. Qua khi cng on ny, nguyn liu t kch thc 25 mm v c h thng gu ti xc ln vo cc xilo 1 v 2. Cc loi ph gia khc th c a t cc ni v v tp kt kho cha ph gia. qua cng on p nh, sy, sng phn loi c c kch c quy nh to iu kin cho my nghin t nng sut sau c vo cc xilo 3v 4. Ring ph gia thch cao th cng nh nguyn liu ( vi) c my kp hm p nh ri c gu ti xc ln cha trong xilo 5. 1.4.2 Cng on phi v nghin nguyn liu. y l cng on quan trng, quyt nh cht lng sn phm ca cng ngh sn xut xi mng l ng. m nhn cng on quan trng ny chnh l h thng cn bng nh lng iu khin bng my vi tnh. H thng gm 06 b cn bng c t di y cc xilo theo th t t cui bng ti chnh n ming my nghin l : 1, 2, than, qung st, thch cao. Nhim v chnh ca cc cn bng p ng s n nh v lu lng v iu khin lng nguyn liu cp ny sao cho ph hp vi yu cu cng ngh t ra. Nguyn liu t y cc xilo c trt ln mt cc bng ti cn bng qua h thng cp liu. Mi cn bng trong h thng nhn 1 nhim v khc nhau (vn chuyn cc nguyn liu khc nhau vi 1 lu lng khc nhau) nhm mc ch khng ch v iu chnh (tc bng) sao cho lu lng liu nhn c ng vi gi tr t trc theo yu cu cng ngh sn xut vi sai s b hn hoc bng gi tr cho php.
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC H thng 06 cn bng nh lng ny nguyn liu ln 1 bng ti cao su v bng ti ny c nhim v vn chuyn nguyn liu ( c phi) vo my ngin bi thc hin nghin thnh bt liu. Cc ht bt liu t tiu chun (v kch thc) s c h thng gu ti xc ln vo c xilo cha, cc ht cha t (c mn > 10% trn sng 4900 l/cm2 ) s c my phn ly a tr li vo u my nghin nghin li. T l phi liu theo nh mc sau: 1: 2 : Qung st : Than : t st : Thch cao : t (29 37%) t (32 40%) 6% 16% 4% 5%
1.4.3 Cng on nung luyn clinke. y cng l 1 trong nhng cng on quyt nh cht lng ca sn phm. Bt liu c ly ra v c ng nht bng h thng rt liu,sau qua h thng my trn m t m 60% ri a vo my v vin kiu sng quay. Nhng vin liu c kch c 6 8 mm s c xung 1 bng ti cao su ri a vo h thng cp liu cho l nung, cc vin liu c cp vo l bng cch ri u tng lp mt v c nung nhit 1500oc sau c rt ra bng h thng my ghi x. Lc ny cc vin liu tr thnh clinke v dnh vo nhau thnh tng tng c kch thc khong 80 100 mm. H thng ghi x s x clinke nng ln bng ti xch tm t ngay di y l v cc tng clinke c a vo my kp hm clinke p nh. Tu theo cht lng clinke tt hay xu m c a vo cha trong cc xilo ring ( sau ny rt ra v phi vi cc lng ph gia khc nhau. 1.4.4 Cng on nghin clinke thnh ximng thnh phm v ng bao xi mng. Clinke sau khi c cc b phn chc nng kim tra cht lng, clinke c h thng cn bng nh lng phi cng vi cc thnh phn m, thch cao, t php c, x bng theo mt t l nht nh, sau c h thng bng ti cao su a vo my nghin bi. Sn phm sau my nghin chnh l xi mng thnh phm. Cc ht xi mng cha t (c mn > 10% trn sng 4900 l/cm2 ) s c my phn ly a tr li vo u my nghin nghin li. Sn phm xi mng t cht lng c vo cc xilo 14, 15, 16. Sau khi ngui th c a vo my ng bao, thnh phm c ng kho kt thc quy trnh sn xut.
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Chng 2
M T H THNG IU KHIN CN BNG PHI LIU 2.1. Khi nim: Cn bng nh lng l bao gm cc thit b ghp ni vi nhau m thnh, cn bng nh lng ca nh my sn xut xi mng l cn nh lng bng ti, c dng cho h thng cn lin tc (lin tc theo ch di hn lp li). Thc hin vic phi liu mt cch lin tc theo t l yu cu cng ngh t ra. Trong cc nh my sn xut cng nghip, cc dy chuyn sn xut xi mng, h thng cn bng nh lng cn p ng s n nh v lu lng liu v iu khin lng liu cho ph hp vi yu cu, chnh v n ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong vic iu phi v hoch nh sn xut, do n quyt nh vo cht lng sn phm, gp phn vo s thnh cng ca cng ty. Cn bng nh lng trong nh my sn xut xi mng l cn bng ti, n l thit b cung cp kiu trng lng vt liu c chuyn tr trn bng ti m tc ca n c iu chnh nhn c lu lng vt liu ng vi gi tr do ngi vn hnh t trc. 2.2. Cu to ca cn bng nh lng :
1 3 4 10 5
Hnh 2.1: S cu to cn bng nh lng. 9
Cu to ca cn bng nh lng gm cc phn sau: 1: Phu cp liu 2: Cm bin trng lng (Load Cell). 3: Bng truyn. 4: Tang b ng. 5: Bulng c kh. 6: Tang ch ng. 7: Hp s. 8: SenSor o tc . 9: ng c khng ng b (c ni vi bin tn) 10: Cm bin v tr 2.3. T bo cn o trng lng: L thit b o trng lng trong h thng cn nh lng bao gm 2 loi t bo l loi SFT (Smat Foree Tran Sduer) v t bo cn Tenzomet. 2.3.1. Nguyn l t bo cn s SFT: Ti trng cn o Ngng hn ch Dy rung B chuyn i Cm bin nhit
B vi x l
S Giao thc truyn tin ni tip

Hnh 2.1: S t bo cn s SFT 10
u o trng lng l ni t ti cn o, n truyn lc tc ng trc tip ca ti ln mt y dn t trong t trng khng i. N lm thay i sc cng ca dy dn nn dy dn b dao ng (b rung). S dao ng ca dy dn trong t trng sinh ra sc in ng cm ng. Sc in ng ny c tc ng cht ch ln ti trng t trn u o. u cm bin nhit xc nh nhit ca mi trng thc hin vic chnh nh v cc phn t SFT ph thuc vo rt nhiu vng nhit . B chuyn i : Chuyn i cc tn hiu o lng t u o thnh dng tn hiu s. B x l : X l tt c cc tn hiu thu c v cc tn hiu ra bn ngoi theo phng thc truyn tin ni tip. Bng thng k mt s loi t bo
Ti nh mc Ti cc i 20kg 30kg 30kg 45kg 100kg 150kg 120kg 180kg 200kg 300kg 300kg 450kg
Phm vi nhit -10 60oc -1060oc -1040oc -1060oc -1040oc -1060oc cho php RS 422 RS 422 RS 422 RS 422 RS 422 Giao thc truyn RS 422 RS 485 RS 485 RS 485 RS 485 RS485 tin ni tip vi RS 485 bn ngoi 1w 1w 1w 1w 1w 1w Nng lng tiu th 500m 500m 500m 500m 500m 500m Khong ghp ni phn gii 3,4g 5g 0,0001% 0,0001% 0,0001% 0,0001%
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2.3.2. Nguyn l t bo cn Tenzomet:
R-R
R +R
UN R+R R-R
Ur
Hnh 2.2: S cu t bo cn Tezomet.
Nguyn l t bo cn Tenzomet da theo nguyn l cu in tr, trong gi tr in tr ca cc nhnh cu thay i bi ngoi lc tc ng ln cu. Do nu c mt ngun cung cp khng i (UN=const) th hai ng cho kia ca cu ta thu c tn hiu thay i theo ti trng t ln cu. Khi cu cn bng th in p ra Ur=0. Khi cu in tr thay i vi gi tr R th in p ra s thay i, lc ny in p ra c tnh theo cng thc. R ( 2.1) R Trong : UN - in p ngun cp cho u o Ur - in p ra ca u o R - lng in tr thay i bi lc ko trn u o R - gi tr in tr ban u ca mi nhnh cu. vi R t l vi khi lng vt liu trn bng cn th thy tn hiu Ura l khuych i nn sau gi tn hiu ny qua bin i A/D vo b iu khin x l. Ur=UN *
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Gi s cp cho u vo cu cn mt in p l UN=10v th c 100kg vt liu trn bng LoadCell s chuyn thnh 2mv/v tng ng. Lc ny, in p ra ca cu cn s l Ura=20mv Bng thng k mt s t bo cn Tenzomet Ti nh mc Ti cc i Sai s Phm vi iu chnh Ngun cung cp 2.3.3. Chun b: Sau khi chnh nh cm bin trng lng th tin hnh chun b cho cn bng cch thc hin chc nng (chun b t ng ). Xc nh s trt ca bng trong lc tr b bng ti rng, b iu khin ghi vo b nh s phn on thc ca bng ti gia 2 ln quay li ca thit b nh v (Belt in dex) v so snh vi phn on ghi trong b nh. Nu c s sai khc tc l c s trt ca bng trn puly truyn ng v b iu khin s bo ng. 2.4. Nguyn l tnh lu lng ca cn bng nh lng: 2.4.1. Nguyn l tnh lu lng: Cn bng nh lng (cn bng ti) l thit b cung cp liu kiu trng lng.Vt liu c chuyn tr trn bng ti, m tc ca bng ti c iu chnh nhn c lu lng t trc khi c nhiu tc ng lin h(liu khng xung u). Cu cn v c bn bao gm : Mt cm bin trng lng (LoadCell) gn trn gi mang nhiu con ln. Trng lng ca vt liu trn bng c bn cm bin trng lng (LoadCell) chuyn i thnh tn hiu in a v b x l tnh ton lu lng. xc nh lu lng vt liu chuyn ti ni liu th phi xc nh ng thi vn tc ca bng ti v trng lng ca vt liu trn 1 n v chiu di. Trong tc ca bng ti c o bng cm bin tc c lin h ng hc vi ng c. Tc bng ti V (m/s) l tc ca vt liu c truyn ti. Ti ca bng truyn l trng lng vt liu c truyn ti trn mt n v chiu di (kg/m).
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20
30
50
70
100
150 250 300
150% ti nh mc < 0.015% -10 40 -10 15
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Cn bng ti c b phn o trng lng o v b iu khin iu chnh tc bng ti sao cho im liu, lu lng dng chy liu bng gi tr t do ngi vn hnh t trc. B iu khin o ti trng trn bng truyn v iu chnh tc bng m bo lu lng khng i im liu. (2.2) c tnh theo biu thc: (2.3)
=
FC L g 2
Q=*V
Trng lng tng trn bng l lc Fc(N) c o bi h thng cn trng lng v ,
trong : L - chiu di ca cu cn g - gia tc trng trng (g=9,8 m/s2) Lc hiu dng Fm(N) do trng lng ca vt liu trn bng ti gy nn: (2.4) Fm =Fc F0
Trong : F0 l lc o trng lng ca bng ti c con ln v gi cu cn. Ti trng trn bng truyn c th tnh l: (2.5)
=S*
Trong : - khi lng ring ca vt liu (kg/m3) S - tit din ct ngang ca vt liu trn bng (m2) Do lu lng c th tnh l: (2.6) Q=
Fc * V 2 Fc * V = L L* g g 2
2.4.2. o trng lng liu trn bng ti: Trng lng o nh tn hiu ca LoadCell bao gm trng lng ca bng ti v trng lng vt liu trn bng. V vy o c trng lng ca liu th ta phi tin hnh tr b (tc l tr i trng lng ca bng ti ). B iu khin xc nh trng lng ca liu nh tr b t ng cc phn on bng ti.
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC * Nguyn l ca qu trnh tr b nh sau : Bng ti phi c chia thnh cc phn on xc nh. Trong lc tr b bng ti rng (khng c liu trn bng) trng lng ca mi on bng c ghi vo b nh. Khi vn hnh bnh thng cn bng ti trng lng ca mi vt liu trn mi phn on c xc nh bng cch ly trng lng o c trn on tr i trng lng bng ti tng ng ghi trong b nh. iu ny m bo cn chnh xc trng lng liu ngay c khi dng bng ti c dy khng u trn chiu di ca n. Vic iu chnh trng lng cn phi thc hin ng b vi v tr ca bng (belt index c gn trn bng) mi bt u thc hin tr b. Khi ngng cn v tr ca bng ti c gi li trong b nh do ln khi ng tip theo vic tr b c thc hin ngay. 2.5. Khi qut v iu chnh cp liu cho cn bng: Vic iu chnh cp liu cho bng cn nh lng chnh l iu chnh lu lng liu cp cho bng cn. *Thc hin bng 3 phng php: - Phng php 1: iu chnh cp liu kiu tri Phng php ny iu chnh cp liu bng tn hiu ca sensr cp liu kiu tri iu khin 5 thit b cp liu. V tr ca sensr cp liu theo kiu tri c t pha cui ca ng liu. - Phng php 2: iu chnh cp liu lin tc. Phng php ny iu chnh cp liu lin tc cho bng cn nh lng s dng b iu chnh PID iu chnh cp liu (c th l van cp liu hoc van quay) m bo cho lng ti trn mt n v chiu di bng ti l khng i. B PID c tc dng iu chnh nu lu lng th tch ca liu trn bng thay i theo phm vi 15% v b PID ch hot ng sau khi bng hot ng. * Nhn xt 2 phng php trn: Hai phng php trn iu chnh cp liu khc hn nhau v bn cht. Xt v chnh xc iu chnh th phng php 2 hn hn phng php 1, thi gian iu chnh nh, thit b cp liu lm vic n nh khng b ngt qung, nhng phm vi iu chnh khng rng. Phng php 1 n gin hn, phm vi iu khin rng hn v c th dc
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC t bi ngi s dng, nhng trong phm vi iu chnh thit b phi lm vic gin on th nh hng khng tt n tui th ca thit b. - Phng php 3: iu chnh mc vt liu trong ngn xp: Phng php iu chnh mc liu trong ngn xp c th coi l s kt hp ca 2 phng php trn : phng php iu chnh gin on v iu chnh lin tc. Phng php ny tn dng nhng u im v khc phc nhng nhc im ca 2 phng php trn v c thit k c bit cho cc bng cn nh lng. 2.6 Cu trc ca mt h cn: 2.6.1 Cu to chung ca h cn:
H cn 1
H cn 2
H cn than
H cn qung
H cn t
H cn thch cao
Bng ti chnh
Hnh 2.3. S cu trc ca mt h thng
Cu to ca h thng bao gm: 1- Gm 06 h cn liu t 1 cho ti Thch cao .Cc cn ny c kch thc: chiu di l 3910mm, rng 1250mm, cao 1150mm, chiu rng mt bng 650mm, tc ca bng 0.51m/s, s cu to nh hnh 1.1, h truyn ng s dng hai loi ng c l 1.5kw v 0.75kw, tc ca ng c truyn ng u l : Hiu sut hp s : nd : 970 v/p 2 : 0,8
T s truyn gia bng rng 1 v 2:
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC i=

40 = 1,5 26
2- Bng ti chnh.C thng s k thut nh sau: - Chiu di tng th ca bng ti: - Chiu rng - Chiu cao - Chiu rng mt bng - Tc ng c truyn ng - T s truyn ca hp s - Vn tc ca bng ti : : : : : :
- Cng sut ng c truyn ng:
Cu trc ca mt h cn trn dy chuyn bao gm 06 h thng cn bng v mt bng ti chnh, trong qu trnh lm vic 06 cn bng trn s ng thi liu xung bng ti chnh, ton b phi liu c bng ti chnh vn chuyn vo Sil trn a vo my nghin.
Chng 3
TNH TON LA CHN H THNG T CHO CN CP THAN 3.1. Hot ng ca cn bng:
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LoadCell
Hp gim tc My pht tc c KB
Nt FT M
MY FT XUNG
B KHUYCH I
AC
P V
B IU KHIN
BIN TN
Hnh 3.1: S cu trc h thng cn bng nh lng.
Trong : ng c s dng l ng c khng ng b ba pha r to lng sc, tc ca ng c o c nh sensr o tc (my ft xung). S xung pht ra t my pht xung t l vi tc ng c v c a v b iu khin. B iu khin (dng vi x l) iu chnh tc ca bng ti v lu lng liu im liu sao cho tng ng vi gi tr t. B cm bin trng lng (LoadCell) bin i trng lng nhn c trn bng thnh tn hiu in a v b khuych i. iu chnh tc ca ng c bng cch iu chnh tn s cp ngun cho ng c. 3.2. H iu chnh tc ng c khng ng b dng bin tn: 3.2.1. Khi qut v ng c khng ng b:
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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC ng c khng ng b (KB) c kt cu n gin, d ch to vn hnh n gin an ton, s dng trc tip t li in xoay chiu 3 pha nn ng c KB c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip, t cng sut nh n cng sut trung bnh n chim t l ln so vi ng c khc. Trc y do cc h thng truyn ng ng c KB c iu chnh tc li chim t l nh do vic iu chnh tc ng c KB kh khn hn nhiu so vi ng c 1 chiu. Ngy nay do vic pht trin ca cng ngh ch to bn dn cng sut v k thut tin hc. Nn ng c KB pht trin v dn c xu hng thay th ng c 1 chiu trong cc h truyn ng. Khc vi ng c 1 chiu, ng c KB c cu to bi phn cm v phn ng khng tch bit. T thng ng c cng nh mmen ng c sinh ra ph thuc vo nhiu tham s. Do vy h iu chnh t ng truyn ng in ng c KB l h iu chnh nhiu tham s c tnh phi tuyn mnh. Phng trnh c tmh: (3.1) M=
3U 1 * R2 *s*
Trong :1- l tc gc ca t trng quay (3.2) vi 1 = p - l s i cc U1- tr s hiu dng in p pha ca stator R1- in tr cun dy ca stator R2- in tr rotor quy i v stator Xnm - in khng ngn mch S - h s trt ca ng c (3.3) S=
1 1
2n * f 1 p
f1 - l tn s in p ca Stator
vi - h s gc ca ng c phng trnh trn cho ta thy M = f(s) ph thuc vo cc i lng U1,1,R2. Tng ng vi cc i lng ta c 4 phng php iu chnh in p - Phng php iu chnh mch rotor.
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nh sau:
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC - iu chnh in p Stator cp cho ng c. - iu chnh cng sut trt - iu chnh cng sut ngun cp cho ng c. Phng php iu chnh in p stator v iu chnh Rotor p dng ch yu cho vic iu khin ng c KB 3 pha rotor lng sc trc y rt kh thc hin. Ngy nay do s pht trin mnh m ca in t cng sut v k thut vi s l m ra c hiu qu phng php iu khin ng c KB lng sc bng iu khin bin tn, phng php ny cho php iu chnh tc ng c trong phm vi rng vi chnh xc cao. Tc ng c c tnh theo cng thc: (3.4) n1=
60 * f1 p
T cng thc trn cho ta thy vic iu chnh ng c KB ph thuc vo s bin i tn s li in. khi iu chnh tn s th tc ng c cng thay i theo. Khi thay i tn s li in cng vi vic b qua in tr dy qun stator, tc l coi R1=0 th mmen ti hn t cc i : (3.5) Trong : (3.6) (3.7) t (3.8)
a=
M th = 3U 12 3U 12 = 2n1 21 * X n * Xn 9.55
Xn = 1* Ln
M th = 3U 12 * P 2 2(2 ) 2 * f 12 * Ln
3P 2 = const 2(2 ) 2 * Ln M th = a 3U 12 f12
Biu thc trn cho thy khi tng tn s ngun (f1> f1dm) m gi nguyn U1 th momen ti hn cc i M th ~
1 s gim rt nhiu. Do , khi thay i tn s f1 th nn f 12
thay i ng thi c in p U1 theo mt quy lut nht nh m bo s lm vic tng ng gia momen ng c v momen ph ti (hay trnh tnh trng ng c b qu
20
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC dng). Tc l t s gia momen cc i ca ng c v momen ph ti tnh i vi cc c tnh c l hng s: (3.9)
=
M th =const M
Trng hp tn s gim (f1< f1dm) nu gi nguyn in p U1 th momen v dng in ng c s tng rt ln. Nn khi gim tn s th phi gim in p theo mt quy lut nht nh sao cho ng c sinh ra c momen nh trong ch nh mc. c tnh c khi f1< f1dm vi iu kin t thng = const (hoc gn ng gia = const th Mth c gi khng i vng f1< f1d
U1 f1
11
f11
f1 > f1m f12
12 1 13 14 0
f1m F13 F14 M f1 < f1m
Hnh 3.2. c tnh c khi thay i tn s ng c khng ng b
3.2.2. M t ng c khng ng b di dng cc i lng vect : Khi iu chnh tn s KB, thng ko theo iu chnh c in p, dng in hoc t thng mch stato, do tnh cht phc tp ca qu trnh in t trong KB, nn cc phng trnh , biu thc phn tch khng s dng trc tip c cho trng hp iu chnh tn s. thun tin cho vic kho st h thng iu chnh tn s, di y nu ra phng php nh gi qu trnh in t di dg vect. Trong ng c KB, t nht c 06 cun dy trn mach t, phng trnh cn bng in p ca mi cun nh sau: (3.10) uk = Rkik +
dk dt 21
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC trong ch s k l tn ca dy qun. Nu coi mch t l tuyn tnh v b qua tn hao st th mmen in t ca ng c l: (3.11) M = ik
k
dt
n gin trong khi vit, coi ng c c hai cc (p = 1) Xem hnh 3.1, trong cc ch s bng ch thng a,b,c Ch cc dy qun pha stato, cc ch s bng ch in hoa A,B,C Ch cc pha rto, gc lch gia dy qun rto v dy qun stato l v th tc s l o hm ca gc ny. (3.12) (3.13) =
d dt
T thng mc vng ca cc dy qun
k = Lkjij,
trong j cng l ch s ca cc pha dy qun, Khi j = k c t thng t cm, j k c t thng h cm, iu chnh tc ng c KB rto lng sc c nhiu phng php nh : - iu chnh tc bng b iu pha in p - iu chnh tc bng b bin tn ngun dng - iu chnh tc bng b bin tn ngun p Do c im ca cn bng ny l s dng ng c truyn ng c cng sut nh di vi kw nn b bin i c dng y l bin tn tranzito,ngun p bin iu b rng xung.
3.2.3. iu chnh tn s ng c bng bin tn: Mun iu chnh tc ng c KB bng cch thay i tn s ta phi c mt b ngun xoay chiu c th iu chnh tn s in p mt cch ng thi thng qua mt bin tn. to ra cc b bin tn c U v f thay i c ngi ta thit k ra nhiu loi bin tn nhng trong n ny ta ch xt n b bin tn ngun p lm vic theo
22
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC nguyn l iu bin rng xung (PWM - Pulse Width Modulation). B bin tn ny p ng c yu cu iu chnh, ng thi n cn to ra c in p v dng in gn ging hnh sin.
Hnh 3.3. S mch lc b bin tn ngun p dng Tranzitor
Dng phng php PWM ta c gin in th v in p pha A nh sau:
/2 2
23
3/2
2 0
Hnh 3.4 Phng php PWM
- S bin tn ba pha dng Tranzitor gm: B nghch lu bin i in p mt chiu t ngun cp thnh in p xoay chiu c tn s bin i c. in p xoay chiu qua b lc v a vo s cu Tranzitor. S bin tn Tranzitor ba pha dng 6 Tranzitor cng sut T1 T6 v 6 it T7 T12 u song song ngc vi cc Tranzitor tng ng. Tn hiu iu khin Vb c a vo baz ca Tranzitor c dng ch nht, chu k l 2, rng l /2. Khi Vb = 0 --> Tranzitor b kha Vb = 1 --> Tranzitor m bo ha Cc Tranzitor c iu khin theo trnh t 1,2,3,4,5,6,1... Cc tn hiu iu khin lch nhau mt khong bng /3. 3.2.4. Lut iu chnh tn s - in p theo kh nng qu ti: Khi iu chnh tn s th tr khng, t thng, dng in v.v ca ng c u thay i, m bo mt s ch tiu iu chnh m khng lm ng c b qu nng th
24
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC cn phi iu chnh c in p . i vi h thng bin tn ngun p thng c yu cu gi cho kh nng qu ti v mmen l khng i trong sut di iu chnh tc . Mmen cc i m ng c sinh ra c chnh l mmen ti hn Mth, kh nng qu ti v mmen c quy nh bng h s qu ti mmen M. (3.14) M =
Mth M
0m m 0
U,f Mc()
Mth
Mth
Hnh 3.5 Xc nh kh nng qu ti v mmen
Nu b qua in tr ca dy qun stato Rs = 0 th t biu thc mmen in t ca ng c : (3.15) M = M.Mth
C th tnh c mmen ti hn nh sau: (3.16) Mth =

Lm 2 Us 2
2 Ls 2 Lro o 2
= K
Us 2 o
iu kin gi h s qu ti khng i l: (3.17) M =

Mth M
Mthdm Mdm
Thay th (3.16) vo (3.17) v rt gn ta c: (3.3.18)

Us
Usdm
M Mthdm
dm
c tnh c gn ng ca cc my sn xut (ph ti) c th vit nh sau:
25
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC (3.19) Mc = Mm (

dm
)x
32.5. B khuych i tn hiu: B khuych i s khuych i cc tn hiu nhn c t t bo cn v a v b iu khin. Tn hiu thu c l ti trng tc thi m t bo cn o c kt hp vi tn hiu nhn c t my pht xung xc nh khong thi gian (khong thi gian tr) m on bng i t t bo cn n im x. Sau khong thi gian tr lu lng ti im x ca cn nh lng l kt qu ca tch s gia lng ti trn mt n v chiu di ca bng (o c lc i qua t bo cn) vi tc hin thi ca on bng . Vic tnh ton v iu chnh sai lch gia lu lng t v lu lng thc do b iu chnh P trong b iu khin thc hin, b ny s khuych i v trit tiu sai lch ch tnh. Tn hiu u ra ca b t l P c a n iu khin bin tn ng c lm cho tc ca ng c truyn ng bng ti thay i sao cho lu lng ti im x liu tng ng vi lu lng t. 3.2.6. Thng s k thut ca cn: Di Rng Mt bng: Cao Lu lng Tc ca bng: 3910mm 1250mm 650mm 1150mm 40-60T/h 0,5-1ms
3.2.7. Cu trc h thng cung cp in cho h cn:
26
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC T ng lc ca h cn c ly ngun t t phn phi T 1, trong t c b tr gm 06 atmat 02 pha u vo n 06 bin tn iu khin tc ng c, u ra ca 06 bin tn c ni qua 06 atmat 03 pha n cc ng c .s nh (hnh 3.6).
3.3. Tnh chn cng sut ng c cho bng cn:

27
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC 3.3.1. S cu trc h truyn ng:
Bnh rng 2 Hp gim tc i1 n 2 Bnh rng 1 ng c n
Hnh 3.7: S cu trc h truyn ng
Cho bit cc thng s: Tc ng c : nd : 970 v/p 2 : 0,8

40 = 1,5 26
Hiu sut hp s :
T s truyn gia bng rng 1 v 2 i= Tc ca bng truyn :V=1m/s Tm tc gc ca ng c: (3.20)

d =
nd 970 2 = 2 * 3,14 = 102,5 Rad/s 60 60
Tc ca bnh rng 2(tc ca puly ch ng) 2 (3.21)

2 =
V *D
1 = 0,99Rad/s 3,14 * 0,32
Trong D l ng knh bnh rng 2 : D=0,32m Tc ca bnh rng 1 : 1 (3.22)

1 = i* 2 = 1,5*0,99 =1,49 Rad/s
T s truyn ca hp s: i1 (3.23) i1 =
d 102,5 = = 68,8 1 1,49
T s truyn gia puly v ng c:

28
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC (3.24) i2 =

d 102,5 = = 103,5 2 0,99
2.3.2. Tnh chn cng sut ng c: (3.25) P1 =

F1 * V 1 * 2
Trong 1 l hiu sut bng ti 1=0,8 F1 l lc ca trng lng tng trn bng (3.26) F1= L*g*
L chiu di ca bng L=2,8m (3.27)

=
Q 60 = = 16,6kg / m V 3600 * 1
g- gia tc trng trng g=9,8m/S (3.28) (3.29) F1= 2,8*9,8*16,6=455,6 N P1 =

455,6 * 1 = 711,8 w 0,8 * 0,8
Vy ta chn cng sut cho ng c l 0,75k w 3.4. Tnh chn LoadCell: Khi c ti chy trn bng th m men lc ca ti trng s c cn bng vi mmen lc ca i trng v LoadCell.
F0
29
F2
l2
F1 L0 l1 LoadCell
Hnh 3.8: cu trc cu cn bng m men lc
Da vo cng thc tnh tng hp momen lc: (3.30) F0L0 = F1L1 + F2L2 F1 l lc ca LoadCell F2 l lc ca i trng L0 l khong cch (cnh tay n ) t ti n puly L0 =0,16m l1 l khong cch (cnh tay n) t puly n LoadfCell l1=0,12m l2 l khong cch (cnh tay n ) t i trng n puly, l2=0,20m Suy ra ta c : (3.31) F0 =
F1 L1 + F2 L2 m1 .a1 .l1 + m2 .a 2 .l 2 = L0 L0 F ..L m2 .l 2 m1 .l1 + m2 l 2 m1 = 0 0 L0 l1
Trong : F0 l lc ca ti trng tc ng ln cu cn
y LoadCell v trng c ni cng vi nhau nn coi a1=a2=1 (3.32) F0 = (*)
Trong : m1: L khi lng ca LoadCell m2: L khi lng ca i trng chn loi 8kg Nng sut ca bng l: 60T/h tc truyn l: V=1m/p
60000 Q = = 16,7 kg / m V 3600 * 1
khi vt liu c truyn ti trn 1 n v chiu di l (3.33) =
30
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Trng lng tng trn bng l lc F0(N) c o bi h thng cn trng lng v c tnh theo biu thc: (3.34) trong L1 - chiu di ca cn g - l gia tc trng trng suy ra : (3.35)
*
F0 L1 *g 2
F0= * M1=
L1 * g thay vo phng trnh (* ) 2
(3.36)
L1 0 .8 * g * Lo m 2 * l 2 16,7 * 9,8 * 0,16 8 * 0,20 2 2 = = 74kg l1 0,12
3.5. Tnh chn bin tn: T cng sut ng c ta c c cng sut bin tn nh sau: theo cng thc: (3.37) Pbt = 1,5* Pdc = 1.5*0,75 = 1,12kw Do c tnh ng c c cng sut nh,ti nh nn ta chn bin tn VF - S9 c cng sut P = 0.75kW.Do hng Toshiba (Nht bn)sn xut. Vi cc thng s sau: + in p : 400v + Tn s : 50 Hz + Dng in : 2,4A
3.6. Bin tn cng nghip TOSHIBA
31

G S/TL1 S/TL2 S/TL3
TOSHIBA
MON
RUN
ENT
STOP
VF - S9
3 Ph-200V-0 75Kw
U/T1 U/T2 U/T3
Hnh 3.9 Mn hnh hin th v cc phm chc nng
3.6.1 S mch lc bin tn VF - S9. 0.75 kW

S/L1 MCCB T/L3 B lc
P0 PA PB PC
U/T1
ng c
Mch chnh
V/T2
FL
Mch iu khin
VF -S9
F
Bng iu khin
Rle pht hi Tn hiu cho bit tc thp
FL FL RY
RST
S1 S2 S3 CC
FMV
RC
B phn kt ni h h
Ngun
CC
FMC
P2 O
Tn hiu dng 4-20mA Tn

R
hiu tn
FM
CC
VIA
VIB PP
Nm phn th ngoi cc VIA v II khng c s dng ng thi cng mt lc
My
+Tn hiu in p 0 10V
Hnh 3.10 Mch lc ca bin tn VF - S9
3.6.2. Chc nng cc cc ca mch iu khin

K u Chc nng
32
Cc c
Mch bn trong ca bin

hiu cc vo/ra im v in tn
u vo Ngn mch qua F-CC l nguyn nhn quay, m hp gim tc v dng. u vo Ngn mch qua R-CC l nguyn nhn ng c quay theo chiu thun. Khi mch h, ng c chm dn v dng hn.
+24v +5v JB301 4.7K F 15K 0.1 10K
RST
S1
u vo Ngn mch qua RST_CC. S3 L nguyn nhn nh hng n vic iu chnh khi chc nng bo v bin tn Khng c ang hot ng. Ch rng in p khi bin tn ang hot ng tip im bnh thng th n khng u vo hot ng u n nu c 24Vdc 5mA ngn mch qua RST. hoc nh P u vo Ngn mch qua S1_CC l hn nguyn nhn tc t trc hot ng u vo Ngn mch qua S2_CC l nguyn nhn tc t trc hot ng u vo Ngn mch qua S3_CC l nguyn nhn tc t trc hot ng im trung tnh u ra Cc ng th ca mch iu khin. u vo tng t thit lp 10 Vdc u ra ngun. 4~20mA (tr khng trong: 400)
3.9K
+24v
Ngun bin tn
0.47 0.1
S2
S3
CC
PP I
u vo Nhiu chc nng chng trnh c u vo l tn hiu tng t. Tiu chun xc lp mc nh u vo 4~20mAdc v 0~50Hz hoc 0-60Hz
+5v
VIA
15K
1K
15K
0.1 250
II
150
VIA
u vo Nhiu chc nng chng 10Vdc

33
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC trnh c u vo l tn hiu tng t. Tiu chun xc lp mc nh, u vo 0~10vdc v 0-80Hz VIB u vo Nhiu chc nng chng trnh c u vo l tn hiu tng t. Tiu chun xc lp mc nh, u vo 0~10vdc v 0-50Hz (60Hz) u ra Nhiu chc nng chng trnh c tn hiu tng t. Tiu chun xc lp mc nh: u ra c mt dng c ni vi mt ampemet c t l 1mA hoc volmet o in p 1 chiu 7.5Vdc (10Vdc) c th thay i t 0~20mA bng cch nhy chuyn mch JP302 (tr khng trong: 30) 10Vdc (tr khng trong: 30)
+5v
VIB
15K 15K 0.1
FM
JP302 FMV
FM FMC
CC
im Cc ng th ca mch trung iu khin. tnh ti u vo v u ra u ra u ra ca dng 24Vdc

P24 +24V PTC
P24
OUT u ra
Nhiu chc nng m cc gp u ra. Nhng thit lp mc nh v cc thng s tiu chun pht hin v cho tc u ra t c tn s ra ca tn hiu. Rle a chc nng c lp trnh ngt in u ra. Cng sut ngt: 250V2A (cos=1), 30V-1A, 250V-1A (cos=0.4). Nhng thit lp mc nh
34
OUT
RC RY
u ra
P24 RY
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC v thng s tiu chun s pht hin ra tn hiu v tn s ra c tc thp. FLA FLB FLC u ra Rle a chc nng c lp trnh ngt in u ra. Cng sut ngt: 250V2A (cos=1), 30V-1A, 250V-1A (cos=0.4). Cc cc ny bo cho bit chc nng bo v ca bin tn ang hot ng. Khi chc nng bo v ang hot ng, hai tip im FLAFLC ng, cn hai tip im FLB-FLC m.
FLA +24V FLB RY FLC
3.6.3. Bn phm v mn hnh hin th * Loi bin tn s dng

Bng mch tu chn, m k thut c bit
Kiu V F S 9 2 0
Hnh dng 0 7 P L W N
A 2
Tn model VF_S9 S pha ngun: 3 pha
in th u vo: 400V
Chc nng ph: L: nhm A gn Giao din s hc lin my lc. M: tiu chun. Gn lin my lc AN: cc m
Dung lng ng c tng ng 007: 0.75KW
WN: cc m WP: cc dng
Bng hot ng P: iu kin
Bng mch tu chn, m k thut c bit. A00: m k thut t bit (00: l s )
* Tn v chc nng
35

n VEC n RUN n MON n PRG n ECN n phm ln/xung n phm RUN
: n sng khi vect cm bin c lnh chy : Sng khi bin tn ang hot ng, nhp nhy khi chy t ng gia tc/gim tc hot ng
: Sng khi cch bin tn kim tra : Sng khi cch bin tn t thng s : Sng khi cch tit kim nng lng hot ng : n phm ln hoc xung khi n sng cho php vic t tn s hot ng .
: n bo RUN cho php chy Khi n bo cho php chy sng th n nt ny bt u hot ng
Phm RUN : Phm STOP ENTER
: Nhn nt ny khi n bo RUN sng s dng my mt cch t t : Phm Enter : Phm ln : Phm xung
n gn lin vi nm phn th
Gn lin vi nm phn th. Khi n gn lin vi nm phn th sng th c th thay i tn s hot ng
36

MON Charge lamp Terminal boad cover
Phm gim st hin th tn s hot ng, thng s v nguyn nhn li
n bo ang c in, cho bin hin ti trong bin : tn ang c mt in th cao, khng c m np bng cha u cc khi n ang sng. Bng lp cha u cc, lun lun phi ng cht : np ny trc khi my hot ng trnh tnh trng ngu nhin chm vo cc u cc.
Conector for Np bng cha mi ni la chn theo th t im common : chung, ko np ny sang bn phi chn mi ni. serial option Terminal boad cover : Dng c vt kha cht np bng. lock screws
3.6.4. Tiu chun kt ni Ngun cung cp nng lng v kt ni vi ng c
Ngun cung cp nng lng
Dy ngun c ni vi R.,S.,T.
VF-S9
ng c c ni vi U,V,W.
U/T1 V/T2 W/T3
ng c
R/L1 S/L2 T/L3
Dy dn
Hinh 3.11 S kt ni dy
Ch : Kiu 3 pha 200 0.2; 0.4; 0.75Kw khng c cc ni t c ni t v ca bin tn S kt ni cc thit b ngoi vi
Bin tn
R/l1 S/L2 37 T/L3 U/T1 V/T2 W/T3
IM
Cu ch
Tip xc in t
u vo
B lc
Hinh 3.12 S kt ni cc thit b ngoi vi
Mch chnh K hiu cc Chc nng ca cc cc Cc ni t c ni vi v hp ca bin tn R/L1, S/L2, T/L3 Loi 200v: 1 pha 200 ~240v, 50/60 Hz 3 pha 200 ~230v, 50/60 Hz Loi 400v: 3 pha 380 ~500v, 50/60 Hz Loi 1 pha khng c cc T/L3 Ni vi ng c (phn cng 3 pha) c ni vi cc in tr hm, cc thng s c th thay i nu cn F304, F305, F308 y l cc (-) trong mch chnh ca dng mt chiu. im trung tnh ca dng 1 chiu c th ni qua cc PA (in p (+)) Hai cc ny c ni vi l phn ng mt chiu (thit b la chn bn ngoi)
U/T1, V/T2, W/T3 PA, PB PC PO, PA
3.6.5. Phn mm thuyt minh 3.6.5.1. La chn phng thc iu khin a. t tn s hot ng gn lin vi nm phn th v chy, dng trn bng hot ng: - Cc thng s ci mc nh.
38
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Tiu CNOd FNOd - Hot ng + Chy / dng: n phm RUN v STOP trn bng + Tn s t: iu chnh v tr ca ci o in th b. t tn s hot ng v khi ng, dng dng bng hot ng - Cc thng s ci t Tiu CNOd FNOd - Hot ng : + Chy / dng: n phm RUN v STOP trn bng + Tn s t: t vi cc phm
,
Chc nng Tnh la chn lnh Cch la chn tn s t 1
Gi tr lp trnh
Chc nng Cch la chn lnh Cch la chn tn s t 1 1
Gi tr lp trnh
trn bng hot ng
+ lu gi tn s t vo b nh, n phm ENT FC v tn s t s chp v ln lt tt. c. t tn s hot ng dng nm phn th v chy/dng cc tn hiu bn ngoi. - Trnh t trong vic t tn s Phm hot ng Mn hin th 0.0 Cch hot ng Hin th hot ng ca tn s (hot ng ngng). Khi tiu chun monitor chn F701 th t tn s hot ng l 0 Nhn phm MON cho hin th thng s c bn u tin AUI (t gia tc/gim tc) n 1 trong 2 phm , ti chn CNOd n phm ENTER cho hin th thng s t (t mc
39
MON
AUI CNOd 1
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC nh : 1) 0

0 CNOd
Thay i thng s v 0 bng phm n phm ENTER ghi li thng s thay i. CNOd v gi tr b thng s lun phin c hin th. n 1 trong 2 phm , cho la chn FNOd n phm ENTER cho hin th thng s t (t mc nh : 2) Thay i thng s ln 1 bng phm FNOd v gi tr b thng s lun phin c hin th.
FNOd 2 1
0 FNOd n phm ENTER ghi li thng s va thay i.
n phm MON 2 ln quay li hin th cch iu chnh tiu chun. - Cch khi ng v dng my 1. Khi ng v dng s dng cc phm trn bng hot ng (CNOd:1) Dng phm RUN v STOP trn bng hot ng v dng ng c. 2. Khi ng v dng ng c bng cch dng cc tn hiu bn ngoi trn bng cc. Short F v C: Tip tc chy Open: F v C: chy chm dn v dng
Tn s
Tc ng c
Dng t t
F-CC
ON OFF
F-CC
ST-CC
ON OFF
ON OFF Ci t thng s mc nh tiu chun mc ch l dng ng c mt cch t
t. dng c mt cch t t th phi n nh cc chc nng ca cc ST vi mt cc b khng. Sau chn tn hiu F103: ST, khi dng ng c trng thi nh c m t hnh trn phi ST-CC h mch th mi dng. Lc ny trn mn hnh ca bin tn s hin th tn hiu OFF.
40
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC + Ci t tn s Thit lp tn s bng cch dng nm phn th trn bng mch chnh ca bin tn (FNOd: 20 t tn s bng cc mc vch trn nm phn th.
t tn s bng cc mc vch trn nm phn th
Tn s tng cc mc vch cao hn theo chiu kim ng h
3. Chc nng cc cc u vo s F110: Chn chc nng u vo s t thng s Lnh F 110

F 111 F 112 F 113 F 114 F 115 F 116
Chc nng Hot ng
Dy iu chnh 0..51 (bng 1.1)
Xc lp mc nh 0
Thay i chc nng u vo: : Chn chc nng u vo 1 (F) : Chn chc nng u vo 2 (R) : Chn chc nng u vo 3 (RST) : Chn chc nng u vo 4 (S1) : Chn chc nng u vo 5 (S2) : Chn chc nng u vo 6 (S3)
S dng cc tham s trn gi tn hiu t b iu chnh chng trnh ngoi ti cc cc iu khin input khc nhau hot ng hoc ci t bin tn. Yu cu tip xc ca chc nng cc cc u vo c th c la chn t 51 loi. Tnh linh ng c thit kt gi vo h thng.S ci t cc tip im u vo Biu tng cc Tn Chc nng Dy iu chnh Bng La chn mc nh
0 (khng ch nh
F 110 Chn chc nng u vo s

41
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC (11) F R RST S1 S2 S3

F 111 Chn chc nng u vo 1(F) F 112 Chn chc nng u vo 2(R) F 113 Chn chc nng u vo 3(RST) F 114 Chn chc nng u vo 4(S1) F 115 Chn chc nng u vo 5(S2) F 116 Chn chc nng u vo 6(S3) chc nng) 2 (chy thun) 3 (chy ngc) 10 (reset) 6 (t tc 1) 7 (t tc 2) 8 (t tc 3)
* Phng php ni + A tip xc u vo Bin tn

input
Cng tc
* y l chc nng lm khi cc input v cc ngn mch, s dng chc nng ny ch r F/R chy hoc t tc hot ng
S ni + Phng php vi transisto output
S hot ng c th c iu khin bng vic kt ni gia u vo v CC (im trung tnh) input ti u ra (khng c cng tc tip xc) ca chng trnh. Chc nng cc ny c dng nh r s hot ng: chy S ni thun, chy ngc hoc Giao din gia chng trnh iu khin v bin tn: t tc hot ng. - Khi s hot ng c iu khin bng chng trnh iu khin m cc gp Tranzitor dng loi 24Vdc/5mA
Bin tn
PLC
u ra. Nu chng trnh iu khin tt m bin tn li m. S khc nhau trong ngun
iu khin phn th s l nguyn nhn cc tn hiu sai c gi ti bin tn nh trong s di. Thc cht ngi ta chun b mt kha lin ng cho b iu khin chng trnh khng th tt khi bin tn m. * Thay i chc nng cc cc u ra.
42
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC F130

F131 F132
: Chn cc u ra 1 (RY-RC) : Chn cc u ra 2 (OUT) : Chn cc u ra 3 (FLA/B/C)
Dng cc thng s trn gi cc tn hiu khc nhau t bin tn n cc thit b bn ngoi. Di 30 chc nng c th c dng ci t cc thng s c bit nh: RY-RC, OUT, FL (FLA, FLB, FLC) trn bng cc iu khin. + Ci t chc nng cc cc u ra K hiu cc RY-RC Tn S truyn Chc nng t thng tin 0130 Pht hin tn hiu tc thp a ra cc tn hiu v tn s (hon thnh gia tc/gim tc) Di iu chnh 4 M Cng dng
F130
LOW ON: Tn s u ra bng hoc cao hn gi tr t F100 RCH ON: Tn s u ra trong gii hn (tn s u vo + tn s t F102) OFF: Tn s u ra vt gii hn (tn s u vo + tn s t F102 FL ON: Khi bin tn ngt OFF: khi bin tn khng ngt.
OUT
F131
0131
FL
F132
0132
Mt in FL (ngt u ra)
10
3. Thit lp thi gian tng tc / gim tc AU1: T ng tng tc / gim tc ACC: Thi gian tng tc 1 DEC: Thi gian gim tc 1 * Chc nng: 1. Thi gian tng tc ACC cho php tn s ra ca bin tn c th tng t 0Hz ti tn s cc i FH sau mt khong thi gian.
43
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC 2. Thi gian gim tc dEC cho php tn s ra ca bin tn c th gim t tn s cc i FH xung 0Hz sau mt khong thi gian. a. T ng tng tc, gim tc T ng iu chnh thi gian tng tc v gim tc vi mc ti: AU 1 = 1 T ng iu chnh thi gian tng tc, gim tc vi dng bin tn
nm trong khong t 1/8 n khong ci t ACC v dEC. N t gi tr ti u c tnh n khong cho php. AU 1 = 2 T ng iu chnh ti khong thi gian ngn nht trong khong
120% ca dng bin tn. N l gi tr quan trng t c i vi thi gian tng, gim.
Tn s Ra Hz Khi ti nh Tn s Khi ti ln
0 T(s)
0 T(s)
Thi gian gia tc
Thi gian gim tc
Thi gian gia tc
Thi gian gim tc
Thi gian gia tc/gim tc gim
Thi gian gia tc/gim tc gim
Khi t ng ci t iu chnh thi gian lun lun i thi gian tng gim do n ph hp vi ti. i vi phn o cn thi gian tng gim c nh. S dng ch tng gim bng tay (ACC, dEC) Ci t thi gian tng gim (ACC.dEC) ph hp vi ti trung bnh cho php ci t tt nht, ph hp vi s thay i ti. S dng s hiu ny sau khi kt ni vi ng c.
44
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Tng thi gian c th khng hon thnh c nu phn o hot ng trong vng mch iu chnh. Nu tng thi gian c hon thnh th iu chnh thi gian tng gim bng tay (AU =1). Nu gi tr ci t ln hn thi gian gim tc xc nh bng iu kin ti. Chc nng qu ti dng hoc cng c th lm thi gian tng gim di hn thi gian ci t. Nu thi gian ci t ln hn c th c mt di dng hoc mt di cng qu ti i vi phn bo v o ngc. b. Mmen khi ng AU2: B t ng mmen * Chc nng: T ng thc hin chuyn mch ng thi gia ch iu khin u ra ca bin tn v ch chy ca ng c b m men ca ng c. Thng s ny b sung cho vic ci t ch iu khin V/F c bit, v d nh ch iu khin vector. Ch : Bng biu th bn ti lun tr v gi tr 0 sau khi iu chnh. Nhng gi tr c c biu th bng bn tri. 1. Khi s dng ch iu khin vector s b c mmen khi ng v tng chnh xc khi hot ng. Ci t ch t ng kim sot AU2 l 1 (ch iu khin vector khng c sensor). Vic t ch iu khin t ng AU2 1 s cho mmen khi ng cao, iu ny gip cho ng c c th t c tc ti a t vng tc thp. Nhng thay i kh nhiu ca tc ng c gy ra do dao ng ti cho my hot ng vi chnh xc cao. y l c trng quan trng i vi cc loi my nng v cc loi my vn chuyn khc. Phng php iu chnh Cc nt n Bng hin th 0:0 Hot ng Hin th tn s hot ng (khi dng hot ng, khi m hin th trn chun F7 10 c t 0
45
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC MON AU 1 AU 2 ENT 0 0 0 1 ENT 1 AU2 Nhn MON hin th thng s c bn u tin AU 1 (t ng tng / gim tc ) Nhn thay i thng s sang AU2 9t ng b mmen) Bm ENTER hin th ci t thng s Bm i thng s sang 1 (iu khin vector khng c sensor + t ng iu chnh) Bm ENTER lu thng s thay i AU2 v cc thng s c hin th thay.
Lu 1: iu khin V/F chn Pht trin 3 cho cng kt qu F400 (t ng iu chnh) c t 2. Lu 2: t AU2 1 v t t chng trnh Pht trin 3 Nu iu khin vector khng t c. Xem hng dn v iu khin vector mc 5, 12, 6. AU2 (ch b mmen t ng) v pht trin (ch chn m iu khin). Ch tng mmen t ng l thng s t ch chn m iu khin v ch t iu chnh (F400). l nguyn nhn lm cho tt c nhng thng s c lin quan n AU2 t ng thay i khi ch AU2 b thay i.
Cc thng s chng trnh t ng AU2 0 Hin th 0 sau khi ci t Ch iu khin vector 1 khng c sensor + t ng iu chnh Pt Kim tra gi tr ca Pht trin (nu AU2 khng i, n s v 0 (V/F l hng s) F400 Hon thnh ch t iu chnh
iu khin vector khng 3 c sensor
* B mmen bng tay (iu khin V/F khng i) Nh thit k ci t mc nh ch iu khin ny cho bin tn VF-S9.
46
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC t mmen khng i ph hp vi bng ti. N cng c p dng b mmen khi ng bng tay. Nu ch iu khin V/F khng i c ci t sau khi AU2 thay i th chn m iu khin V/F 0 Ch : 1. Nu mun tng mmen hn na phi nng ch ci gi tr bng tay. 2. Chn ch iu khin V/F 1 (mmen bin thin) l cch ci t hiu qu nht i vi ti cc thit b nh qut v bm. c. Ci t thng s bng phng php hot ng AU4: Thit lp chc nng t ng Chc nng: T ng iu khin cc thng s (cc thng s c m t di) c lin quan n cc chc nng bng cch chn phng php vn hnh ca bin tn. Tn AU4 Chc nng Ci t t ng Di iu chnh 0: khng cho php 0 1: Dng t t 2: Vn hnh 3 dy 3: Ci UP/DOWN cho u vo 4: Hot ng vi u vo c dng 4- 20mA Ci t mc nh
Cc chc nng v gi tr ca thng s c iu khin t ng

2: Vn hnh 3 dy Hot ng vi u vo c dng 420mA
Ci t mc nh FNOd CNOd
1: Dng t t
Ci
UP/DOWN
cho u vo
2: Nm 2: Nm phn th phn th 1: Bng 0: Bng cc hot ng 2:F 2:F
2: nm 1: Bng hot 0: Bng cc phn th ng 0: cc 2:F

47
Bng 0: Bng cc
0: Bng cc
F111(F)
2:F
2:F

F112(R) F113(RST ) F114(S1) F115(S2) F116(S3) F103(ST) 3:R 10:RST 6:SS1 7:SS2 8:SS3 3:R 10:RST 6:SS1 7:SS2 1:ST 3:R 10:RST 6:SS1 7:SS2 49:HD 3:R 10:RST 41:UP
42:DOWN
3:R 10:RST 6:SS1

38:FCHG
43:CLR
1:ST hot cch ch sang hot
1: lun hot 0: kch hot bng 1: lun 1: lun hot 0: kch ng cch chuyn ch hot ng ng bng ST sang ch chuyn hot ng ST ch ng 0:VIA/II 0:VIA/II 0:VIA/II 1 0.1Hz 1 0.1Hz
3:UP/DOWN
F200 F201 F202 F203 F204 F210 F211 F212 F213
0:VIA/II 20% -
Khng thay i (AU4 : 0 ): Cc cc v thng s vo c t theo tiu chun ni sn xut. Ch dng t t (AU4 : 1): Vic t ch dng t t ST (tn hiu ch) c ch nh cho cc S3 v qu trnh vn hnh c iu khin bi nt ON v OFF ca cc S3. Ch vn hnh 3 dy ( AU4 : 2): c vn hnh bng mt nt n nhanh HD (ch gi hot ng) c ch nh cho cc S3. Ch t gi hot ng c xc lp trong bin tn bng cch ni cng tc dng vi cc S3 v ni cng tc chy vi cc F hoc cc R. Ch ci UP/DOWN cho u vo (AU4:3): cho php t tn s u vo t mt im tip xc bn ngoi. C th p dng thay i tn s nhiu v tr khc nhau. UP
48
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC (tn hiu tng tn s u vo t tip im bn ngoi) c ch nh cho cc S1 v DOWN (tn hiu gim tn s u vo t tip im bn ngoi) c ch nh cho cc S2, CLR (tn hiu xa ch UP/DOWN tn s u vo t mt tip im bn ngoi) c ch nh cho S3. Ch vn hnh dng dng in vo 4-20mA (AU4:4): c s dng t tn s vo bng dng 4-20mA, ngi ta hay dng lnh vo FCHG (chuyn i theo lnh tn s) v ST (cc ch) tng ng vi cc cc S2 v S3. iu khin t xa bng tay (bng cc lnh tn s khc nhau) c th c chuyn i sang cc S2. Cc S3 c th c dng dng my t t. d. Chn ch vn hnh CNOd FNOd Chc nng: Cc thng s ny thng c s dng ch vn hnh v ch t tn s t lnh cho bin tn (t bng hot ng hoc cc) * Chn m lnh: - Gi tr t: + Ch vn hnh t bng cc chn m 0: k hiu ON OFF cho bit ch chy v dng ca my. + Ch vn hnh t bng hot ng chn m 1 + Nhn nt RUN STOP trn bng hot ng chy v dng chng trnh : Chn m lnh : Chn m t tn s
+ Thc hin ch chy v dng chng trnh khi s dng bng ph (m rng) C hai loi chc nng: Chc nng tng thch vi lnh LNOd v chc nng ch tng ng vi lnh t bng cc (xem bng 11 chn cc cc chc nng). * Chn m t tn s: - Gi tr t:
49
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC + Ch vn hnh t bng cc chn m 0: Cc lnh t tn s c a vo bng cc tn hiu ngoi. (cc VIA/VIB: 0-10Vdc hoc cc II: 4-20mAdc). + Ch vn hnh t bng hot ng chn m 1: nhn phm trn bng hot ng hoc trn bng ph t tn s. + Dng nm phn th chn chn m 2: nm phn th trong bin tn c s dng t tn s. Quay vch theo chiu kim ng h tng tn s. * Cho d ch chn m lnh CNOd v ch chn m t tn s FNOd c t cho u vo bt k gi tr no th chc nng ca cc cc c a ra di vn lun trng thi hot ng. - Cc t li tn s (ci t mc nh: RST, ch ph hp trong trng hp ang vn hnh). - Cc ch (iu khin chc nng cc u vo chng trnh) - Cc dng hot ng ca u vo (iu khin chc nng cc u vo chng trnh). * thay i ch chn m lnh CNOd v ch chn m t tn s FNOd, trc tin phi dng my tm thi (c th thay i trong khi my ang hot ng nu F600 c t 2 e. La chn chiu chy thun v ngc Fr chn chiu chy thun v ngc Chc nng: t chiu quay trong qu trnh chy v dng s dng phm RUN v STOP trn bng hot ng. Ch c gi tr khi CNOd (m lnh) c t 1 Thng s ci t Tn Fr Chc nng Chn chy thun / ngc Di iu chnh 0: Chy thun 1: Chy ngc Ci t mc nh 0 hoc phm
* Kim tra chiu quay trn mn hnh

50
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Fr-F : Chy thun Fr-r : Chy ngc
Khi u cui F v r c s dng chuyn mch gia chy thun / ngc t bng cc, chn Fr chy thun / ngc f. Tn s cc i (FH) Chc nng: 1. t chng trnh cho khong tn s u ra bi bin tn (cc gi tr u ra cc i) 2. Tn s ny c dng lm tham chiu cho thi gian tng / gim tc.
Hz 80Hz 60Hz
FH=80Hz FH=60Hz
0
100% Tn hiu t tn s (%)
Chc nng ny quyt nh gi tr cc i lin quan ti mc ng c v ti Tn s cc i khng th c iu chnh khi ang hot ng. iu chnh trc ht phi dng bin tn. Nu FH tng, chnh gii hn trn ca tn s UL nu cn: * Ci t thng s: Tn FH Chc nng Tn s cc i Mc iu chnh 30 400Hz Ci t mc nh 80.0
g. Gii hn tn s cao tn s thp UL LL : Tn s gii hn cao : Tn s gii hn thp

51
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC * Chc nng: t tn s gii hn thp quyt dnh gii hn thp ca tn s u ra v tn s gii hn cao quyt nh gii hn cao ca tn s cao.
FH UL
FH
LL
100%
100%
Ci t thng s: Tn VL LL Chc nng Gi tr tn s cao Gi tr tn s thp Di iu chnh 0.5F-H (Hz) 0.0 UL (Hz) iu chnh sau ci t 50 or 60 0,0
Gi tr ci t ph thuc vo phn di ca cc dng AN, WN: 60Hz, WP:50Hz h. Tn s c bn * Chc nng: t tn s c bn ph hp vi trng lng hoc tn s ca ng c
Tn s in p c bn F 306
Lu : y l thng s quan trng quyt nh vng kim sot mmen u Gi tr ci t ph thuc vo phn ui ca dng AN, WN: 60Hz, WP:50Hz i. iu khin bng tay
52
Tn s ra Hz
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Ub tng lc Chc nng: Nu mmen khng chy my tc thp, phi tng mmen bng cch tng t l quay ca mmen bng thng s ny
Tn s in p c bn F 306
Tn s ra Hz
Tn Ub
Chc nng Tng mmen 1
Khong iu chnh 0 30%
Ci t Theo loi
C hiu lc vi cc ci t mc nh tiu chun Pht trin = 0 (V/F u) v 1 (lc xon a dng) Lu 1: Gi tr ti u c t cho dung lng mi bin tn. Khng c tng t l momen quay ln qu cao, v nh vy s gy ra s tng t ngt v dng in im khi ng. Nu mun thay i cc gi tr ci t, phi gi cc gi tr trong phm vi +2% ca cc gi tr mc nh tiu chun. k. t mc nhit ca in - Chc nng: Chn c tnh ngn nhit in ph hp vi cc gi tr ca ng c. y l cc thng s nh cc thng s m rng F600. Cc gi tr c ci t s c gi nguyn d cc thng s khc thay i. Ci t thng s: Tn Chc nng
Gi tr ci
53
Khong iu chnh
Ngn qu ti Ngn ngt t ngt
Ci mc nh
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC 0

Chn c tnh ngn nhit in
0 ng c tiu chun 0 x x 0 ng c VF 0 x x 10 ~100%
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 100 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
OLN
F600
Ngn nhit in ng c mc 1
Ch bo v bng nhit in t c s dng cho php hoc khng cho php ng c chy qu ti v dng qu ti. Khi thng bo qu ti, bin tn ang hot ng khng i th c th dng thng s OLN thng bo qu ti. Gii thch thut ng: - Dng qu ti: Khi bin tn pht hin c hin tng qu ti, chc nng ny t ng gim tn s ra trc khi thng bo qu ti ca ng c OL2 c kch hot. Chc nng gim t t cho php ng c chy tn s dng ti cn bng m khng hin ln thng bo. y l chc nng quan trng cho cc thit b nh qut, bm v thit b thi gi c tc momen thay i, dng ti gim khi tc vn hnh gim. + Ch : Khng c s dng ch gim ti vi nhng ti c tc momen khng i (nh bng truyn c dng ti c nh, khng thay i tc ). S dng cc ng c tiu chun (thay v cc ng c c s dng vi bin tn) Khi mt ng c c s dng vng tn s thp hn vi tn s ci, iu s lm gim hiu qa lm mt cho ng c. Khi ng c tiu chun c s dng ngn hin tng qu nhit, n s lm tng tc ban u ca qu trnh pht hin qu ti. Ci t chng nhit ng c in t cp 1 Nu cng sut ca ng c nh hn cng sut b o ngc hoc dng chun ca ng c nh hn dng chun ca b o ngc, iu chnh ci t chng nhit ng c in t cp 1 ph hp dng chun. [%]/[A]
54
Phm hot ng
Mn LED 0.0
Hot ng Hin th tn s hot ng (trong khi dng) (Khi mn tiu chun hin th la chn F710 c ci t 0 (tn s hot ng) Nhn phm MON hin th tham s c bn u tin AUI (t ng tng gim) Nhn phm hoc chuyn i thng s Nhn phm ENTER hin th ci t thng s (ci t chun 100%) Nhn phm iu chnh thng s 417 (bng dng chun ng c / hiu sut dng o x 100 = 1.0/4.8 x 100 (khi PWM tn s c ci 12kHz) Nhn phm ENTER thay i thng s v gi tr ci t thng s c hin th lin tc.
MON
AUI 100
ENT
417 417
ENT
S dng mt ng c VF (ng c s dng vi b o) Ci t la chn tnh nng bo v nhit in t Gi tr ci t 4 5 6 7 0: C gi tr x: Khng c gi tr

55
Bo v qu ti 0 0 x x
Mt qu ti x 0 x 0
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Mt ng c VF c th c s dng trong di tn thp hn ng c a nng, nhng nu tn s cc thp, nh hng ca vic lm mt s gim dn. Ci t bo v nhit ng c in cp 1 Nu cng sut ca ng c ang s dng nh hn cng sut b o ngc hoc dng chun ca ng c nh hn dng chun ca b o ngc iu chnh bo v nhit ph hp vi dng chun ca ng c.
Nu ch s trong khong (%) n 100% tng ng cng sut dng chun. %/A
Tnh nng qu ti bin tn
Hz
Ci t bo v b phn bin tn, khng th thay i hoc iu chnh bng thng s ci t. Nu chc nng qu ti bin tn c kch hot lin tc n c th c nng ln bng cch iu chnh cp hot ng F601 tng hoc gim thi gian gia tc ACC hoc thi gian gim tc dEC s
60 0
56
110 150
4. Kiu chy nhp F 260 : Tn s chy nhp F 261 : Chy nhp dng Chc nng: Dng cc thng s chy nhp ng c hot ng theo cch nhp. ng vo ca tn hiu chy nhp pht ra cng mt lc u ra mt tn s chy nhp. Khng k thi gian gia tc ch nh. ng c c th hot ng kiu nhp trong khi vic ci t cc cc chy nhp c kt ni (RST ON), (t F113 ln 4) Thng s ci t Tn Chc nng Dy iu chnh 0: Khng s dng 1: T ng chy li sau dng tm thi 2: Khi i chiu ST_CC on hoc off 3: T ng chy li hoc i chiu ST_CC on hoc off 4: Chuyn ng hm mt chiu khi ng ( t ng chy li sau dng tm thi). 5: Chuyn ng hm mt chiu khng khi ng (khi i chiu ST_CC on hoc off) 6: Chuyn ng hm mt chiu khi ng ( t ng chy li hoc khi i chiu ST_CC on hoc off). t mc nh
F301
La chn lnh t ng chy li
Nu motor chy li trong phng thc chy li mt ln, th chc nng s hot ng. Bt chp s t ca tham s . a. T ng chy li sau khi ngun khng hot ng tm thi (chc nng t ng chy li)
in p u vo (V)
Tc motor
57
Hinh 3.13 S chc nng t ng chy li
t F30
1 to 1, (3) chc nng ny hot ng sau khi ngun c du hiu khi
phc sp pht hin ra s di in p bi mng li mch v iu chnh ngun. b. Khi ng li Motor (chc nng tm tc motor)
Tc ng c
F_CC ST_C
ON OFF ON
t F30 1 to 2, (3) : y l chc nng hot ng sau khi ST_CC chuyn tip c OFF du hiu m trc tip v khi thng tr li (1). DC braking trong thi gian chy li Nu tham s l tp hp la chn 4, 5 hoc 6. DC braking l thuyt bi tham s F 251, hoc F 252 s l hng dn trong thi gian chy li ca Motor. Chc nng ny l c hiu qa khi motor di tm thi ngun khng c hoc tnh trng i xung v o chiu v mt s l do bn ngoi. c. Hm mt chiu trong thi gian khi ng li Nu thng s l mt trong nhng b 4, 5 hoc 6, DC hm l thuyt bng thng s F 251 hoc F 252 s dn trong thi gian khi ng li ca ng c. Chc nng ny c hiu lc khi ng c b di tm thi in p li hoc tnh trng xung thp v s o chiu bi mt s l do bn ngoi. 5. iu bin tn s mang (PWM) F 300 : PWM tn s mang
58
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC F 312 : kiu ngu nhin Chc nng: + F 300 thng s cho php lm gim t tnh lm n n ng c sau ny thay i bng PWM tn s mang, thng s ny ngoi ra cn c hiu lc ngn cn ng c n s cng hng vi trng ti my hoc gi . + Trong php cng, thng s F 300 gim bt in t lm n pht ra do bin tn. Gim bt tn s mang t vic gim bt in t lm n. + Tu chn cch gim bt in t lm n ng c bng s thay i mu mc gim bt tn s mang. Tham s t Tn F 300 Chc nng Dy hot ng t mc nh 2.0
PWM tn s vt 2.0 ~ 16.5 (kHz) mang
Gim bt ti s gim bt PWM tn s mang T l quy nh s gim bt ti < Nhm 200V >
VFS9 VFS9S
Tn s 4kHz hoc km hn 12kHz 1.5 A 3.3 A 4.8 A 7.8 A 11.0 A 17.5 A 27.5 A 33.0 A 54.0 A 66.0 A
59
15kHz 1.5 A 3.1 A 4.2 A 7.2 A 9.1 A 15.0 A 25.0 A 29.8 A 49.0 A 54.0 A
16.5kHz 1.5 A 3.0 A 3.9 A 7.1 A 8.7 A 14.3 A 25.0 A 28.2 A 49.0 A 51.0 A
2002PL/M 2004PL/M 2007PL/M 2015PL/M 2022PL/M 2037PL/M 2055PL/M 2075PL/M 2110PL/M 2150PL/M
1.5 A 3.3 A 4.8 A 7.8 A 11.0 A 17.5 A 27.5 A 33.0 A 54.0 A 66.0 A
< Nhm 400V > 480 hoc nh hn VFS9

4kHz hoc <
480 hoc ln hn Tn s
16.5kHz 4kHz hoc < 12kHz 15kHz 16.5kHz
Tn s
12kHz 15kHz
4007PL 4015PL 4022PL 4037PL 4055PL 4075PL 4110PL 4250PL
2.3A 4.1A 5.5A 9.5A 14.3A 17.0A 27.7A 33.0A
2.1A 3.7A 5.0A 8.6A 13.0A 17.0A 25.0A 30.0A
2.1A 3.3A 4.5A 7.5A 13.0A 14.8A 25.0A 26.4A
2.1A 3.1A 4.3A 7.0A 13.0A 13.7A 24.7A 24.9A
2.1A 3.8A 5.1A 8.7A 13.2A 15.6A 25.5A 30.4A
2.1A 3.4A 4.6A 7.9A 12.0A 14.2A 23.0A 27.6A
1.9A 3.1A 4.2A 6.9A 12.0A 12.4A 23.0A 24.3A
1.9A 3.0A 4.0A 6.4A 12.0A 12.0A 23.0A 23.0A
6. iu chnh in p u ra / hiu chnh in p cung cp F306 : iu chnh in p u ra F 307 : Cung cp in p hiu chnh Chc nng: iu chnh in p u ra / tn s in p c bn Thng s F306 iu chnh in p tng ng vi tn s c bn khng b qu p, gi tr t F306 c t bn ngoi (chc nng ny ch c th c thc hin khi F307 c ci l mt trong cc s 0, 1 hoc 2) Cung cp in p hiu chnh Thng s F307 m bo t s V/F lun khng thay i ngay c khi in p u vo gim. Mmen quay trong khi tc hot ng thp. Cung cp in p hiu chnh duy tr t l V/F = const ngay c khi in p u vo dao ng.
60
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC iu chnh in p u ra in p cao Tn s cao, tn s c bn c dng khi ng c hot ng c bit vi in p gy ra thp. Thng s ci t Tn Chc nng Dy hot ng t mc nh 240V, 400V
F306 iu chnh in 0~250(V); 0 500(V) p u ra F307 Cung cp in 0: Cung cp in p khng hiu chnh, p hiu chnh in p ra gii hn 1: cung cp in p hiu chnh, in p ra gii hn 2: cung cp in p hiu chnh (tt thi gian chm xung), in p u ra gii hn. 3: cung cp in p khng hiu chnh, in p u ra khng gii hn 4: cung cp in p hiu chnh, in p u ra khng gii hn 5: cung cp in p hiu chnh (tt thi gian gim tc), in p u ra khng gii hn.
Nu F307 t l 0 hoc 3, in p u ra s thay i t l vi in p u vo. - Ngay c nu in p c tn s c bn (thng s F306) c t ln hn in p u ra th in p u ra s khng vt qu in p u vo. - T l gia in p v tn s c th iu chnh tu theo tc ca ng c.
F306 F306
T l in p in p u ra
F306
in p u vo cao Thp
T l in p in p u ra
in p u vo cao Thp
T l in p in p u ra
Tn s inra u vo u p (0)
cao
F306
T l in p in p u ra
Tn s u ra (1) in p u vo
cao
Thp 61
Thp
Tn s u ra
F307 t 2 v 5 (cung cp in p hiu chnh). Cng ging vi hot ng ca F307 1 v 4 tr trng hp my ang gim tc . Vic t thng s ny ngn khng cho in p tng qu cao khi my gim tc. i khi gim n mc thp nht mmen quay khi my hot ng tc thp do nhng thay i ca bin p. 7. Gia tc / gim tc ACC : Thi gian gia tc 1 dEC : Thi gian gim tc 1 F500 : Thi gian gia tc 2 F501 : Thi gian gim tc 2 F 502 : M hnh gia tc / gim tc 1 F 503 : M hnh gia tc / gim tc 2 F504 : Chn m hnh gia tc / gim tc (1 hoc 2) F 505 : Gia tc / gim tc 1 v 2 tn s chuyn mch * Chc nng: Nhng tham s ny cho php chn hnh thc tng / gim tc theo nhu cu c th .Chuyn mch l c th thc hin c vi gia tc / gim tc mu mc 2 s dng thng s, tn s v cc ngoi. Tn ACC DEC F500 F501 F502 Chc nng
Thi gian gia tc 1 Thi gian gim tc 1 Thi gian gia tc 2 Thi gian gim tc 2 M hnh gia tc / gim tc 1
Dy hot ng
0.1~3600(s) 0.1~3600(s) 0.1~3600(s) 0.1~3600(s) 0: ng 1: S - hnh thc 1 2: S hnh thc 2 0: ng 1: S - hnh thc 1
62
t mc nh 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 0
F503
M hnh gia tc / gim tc 2

2: S hnh thc 2
F504 F505
Chn m hnh gia tc / gim tc (1 0: gia tc/gim tc 1 hoc 2) 0: gia tc/gim tc 1 Gia tc / gim tc 1 v 2 tn s 0 ~ UL (Hz) chuyn mch
0 0.0
a. Gia tc / gim tc 1. ng gia tc / gim tc t tc ng gia tc / gim tc, Tn s u ra Hz iu ny c th thng xuyn Tn s cc i s dng
FH
Biu gia tc / gim tc 2. S- gia tc/ gim tc 1. La chn ny n gia tc /gim tc 1. Motor nhanh t ti Tn s t Hz vng tc cao vi 1 tn s Cc i FH ra ca 60Hz hoc ln hn hoc gim ti mc ti thiu s va chm ng dng trong thi gian gia tc / gim tc
ACC
ACC
dEC
t
Gia tc thi gian
Biu gia tc, gim tc 1 3. S- gia tc / gim tc 2. La chn ny t c s tng gia tc ni b kh t vi Tn s tHz mmen gia tc ca ng c nh. Kiu ny thch hp cho Cc i FH hot ng ca trc quay vi Chn tn s tc cao. Biu gia tc, gim tc 2
ACC
Gia tc thi gian
b. Chuyn i gia tc / gim tc

63
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC 1. S la chn tn s

Tn s u ra Hz
F504 = 0 F504 = 1
ACC F 500
dEC F5 501
Hinh. 3.14 Biu s la chn tn s
Gia tc / gim tc 1 thi gian 1 l vo lc tp hp l mc nh. Gia tc / gim tc 2 c th c la chn bng thay i t ca thng s F504
Tn s u
F 505
(1)
(2)
(3) (4) Hinh.3.15 Biu chuyn i t ng gia tc / gim tc
(1): Gia tc ng dc tng ng ti gia tc thi gian ACC (2): Gia tc ng dc tng ng ti gia tc thi gian F500 (3): Gia tc ng dc tng ng ti gia tc thi gian F501 (4): Gim tc ng dc tng ng ti gim tc thi gian dEC
3. Chuyn i s dng ngoi cc chuyn i gia tc / gim tc thi gian qua ng ngoi cc
Hz
64
(1): Gia tc ng dc tng ng ti gia tc thi gian ACC (2): Gia tc ng dc tng ng ti gia tc thi gian F500 (3): Gia tc ng dc tng ng ti gia tc thi gian F501 (4): Gim tc ng dc tng ng ti gim tc thi gian dEC Trong trng hp t CNOd ti 0 (bng cc) Tn hiu chuyn mch cho gia tc / gim tc 2 khng t mc nh Ch nh chc nng s 5 (Rd2) ti cc khng dng n bng ch r cc u vo chc nng la chn tham s. 8. t hng s ng c F400 : T ng t F 401 : Tn s trt F 402 : Thng s mch stato F 403 : Thng s mch roto F 404 : T thng kch t F 405 : Ci t momen qun tnh F 408 : Dung lng ca inverter so vi motor s dng chc nng iu khin vector, kch momen t ng v tit kim nng lng t ng, vic t hng s ng c l cn thit. Ba phng php sau y c p dng lm cng vic trn: 1. Dng phng php kch momen t ng ng thi t chc nng t iu chnh v la chn hnh thc iu khin V/F 2. t ha ch trn c lp vi nhau. 3. Kt hp iu chnh bng tay vi la chn kiu iu khin V/F [ La chn 1: t chc nng kch momen t ng (phng php d nht, va iu khin vector, va t iu chnh) ]
65
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC B tham s t ng nng momen quay AU 2 ti 1 [ La chn 2: t iu khin vector khng dng b cm bin v t iu chnh c lp ] B tham s t ng nng momen quay AU 2 ti 1 [ t tham s ] Tn Chc nng Dy iu chnh
0: t ng iu chnh khng dng tay 1: gn kt cc t ring l ca F401 F405 2: cho php t ng iu chnh (quay li ti 1 ri chy t ng iu chnh)
t mc nh
F400
Auto tuning
B F 400 ti 2 B F 408 ti 1 nu in dung ng c l mt c nh th c th dng tc cng sut ca bin tn [ la chn 3 : t iu khin vector v iu chnh c lp bng tay ] Nu ETN iu chnh li l hin th trong thi gian t ng chy hoc khi vector iu khin
Tn
Chc nng
Dy hot ng
0: t ng iu chnh khng dng tay 1: gn kt cc t ring l ca F401 F405 2: Cho php t ng iu chnh (quay li ti 1 ri chy
66
t mc nh 0
F400 Auto tuning

t ng iu chnh)
F401 Thng s trt F402 Thng s mch stato F403 Thng s mch roto F404 T thng kch t F405 Ci t momen qun tnh
vi motor
0.0 ~ 10.0 (Hz) 0~ 255 0~ 255 0~ 255 0 ~200 0: nh hn dung lng ca inverter
0 0 0 0 0 0
F408 Dung lng ca inverter so 0: dung lng nh nhau
Th tc t iu chnh tip theo thng s F400 : la chn 1 ti ng c khng i khng ph thuc thng s F401 F405 F401 : Tn s trt cao gim bt tc ng c do (tn s trt c th l b trn c s h s kim tra ng c) F402: iu chnh ch yu in tr hp thnh ca ng c 9. Chc nng bo v a. Pht hin ng b u ra li F 605: cch la chn pht hin ng b ra li Chc nng: y l thng s pht hin li ng b u ra bin tn. Nu ng b li tn ti dai dng cho 1.2 hoc nhiu chc nng nh my v rle FL s kch hot. cng mt thi im thng tin nh EPHO s cng hin th B F 605 ti 2 s iu khin m ca bin tn ni ti ng c v ni ngun ti ng c. F 605 = 0 (khng iu chnh bng tay) Khng tc ng (rle FL khng kch hot) F605 =1 (cho php trong thi gian hot ng) Pht hin ng b khng thch hp l cho php trong thi gian hot ng bin tn s ngt nu tnh trng ng b li c dai dng 1,2 hoc nhiu (rle kch hot) F 605 = 2 (cho php : khng iu chnh bng tay trong thi gian t ng khi ng li) Chc nng ny, d th no khng iu chnh bng tay trong thi gian t ng khi ng li sau khi ngun li nht thi. Khi ng b li nhn ra s gim bt in p u ra v khi ng li. Tn Chc nng Dy hot ng
67
t mc
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC nh

0: khng iu chnh bng tay 1: cho php trong thi gian Cch la chn pht hin hot ng ng b u ra li 2: cho php: khng iu chnh bng tay trong thi gian khi ng li
F605
b. Pht hin ng b u vo li F 608: Cch la chn pht hin ng b u vo li Chc nng: Thng s ny pht hin ng b u vo bin tn li. Nu tnh trng in p khng bnh thng ca mch chnh l t din c dai dng mt t pht hoc nhiu, chc nng ngt v rle FL s kch hot. cng mt thi im, thng tin ngt EPH 1 s hin th F608 = 0 khng ngt ( rle FL khng kch hot) F608 = 1 pht hin ng b li l cho php trong thi gian hot ng. Bin tn s ngt nu tnh trng in p khng bnh thng ca mch chnh t in c dai dng mi pht hoc nhiu hn ( rle FL kch hot)
Tn
Chc nng
Dy hot ng
t mc nh 0
F608
0: iu chnh bng tay Cch la chn pht hin 1: cho php ng b u vo li 2: cho php: khng iu chnh
c. Cch thc iu chnh cho dng in nh F 610 : la chn dng in nh ngt F 611 : dng in nh (ngt/bo ng) pht hin dng in F 612 : dng in nh (ngt/bo ng) pht hin thi gian
68
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC Chc nng: Thng s F 610 cho php bin tn ngt nu dng in nh th F 611 l thuyt gi tr dng cho nhiu hn th F 612 l thuyt thi gian. Khi ngt c chn, i vo pht hin thi gian ti ngt, thng tin ngt l hin th UC. F 610 = 0 (off) : khng ngt (rle khng kch hot) Bo ng dng in nh c th cho ra ngoi bng thng s la chn chc nng u ra. F 610 = 1 (on) : bin tn ngt (rle FL kch hot) duy nht sau khi dng in nh ht pht hin ra Tn F610 Chc nng Dy hot ng t mc nh 0 0
0 ~ 255 (%)
La chn dng in nh 0: khng iu chnh ngt 1: cho php

0 ~ 100 (%)
Dng in nh (ngt/bo F611 ng) pht hin dng in Dng in nh (ngt/bo F612 ng) pht hin thi gian
3.7. B khuch i o B khuch i o c nhim v x l tn hiu o t loadcell hoc c cm bin o khc phc v cho mc ch iu khin tip theo. B khuch i c khi khuch i, khi ny thc hin cc chc nng l chun ha cc tn hiu t loadcell hoc cc loi cm bin khc, sau n bin cc tn hiu ny thnh cc tn hiu in tng thch cp cho iu khin. Tn hiu in lt ra t cu cn l rt nh, khuch i cc tn hiu ny mch khuch i phi c tnh nng c bit. B khuch i y ngi ta dng b khuch i vi sai c phn hi m, c in tr vo ln v h s nn tn hiu ng pha ln.
Ungun
R-R
R+R
+ _
OA
69
Ura R R3
R4
Hnh 3.16. S b Khuch i o
Tng vo l mch khuch i vi sai c u vo v u ra i xng. Tng th hai l tng khuch i vi sai ln. Hai tng khuch i OA1 v OA2 c hai li vo khng o nn tr khng vo i vi tn hiu l rt cao, nh th h s khuch i c th thit lp mt cch chnh xc. c tnh ny c th lm cho n tr thnh mt phn t l tng dng khuch i chnh xc cc tn hiu nh. in p vo hai tng khuch i OA1 v OA2 c truyn i qua mch phn hi ca tng khuch i thut ton trn R1. V th y xut hin mt gi tr in p ni vo. in p ny gy ra mt dng in i qua R1. in p ra ca cu cn cng chnh l in p vo ca hai tng khuch i OA1 v OA2, c Uvo = 20mV. in p ra khi tng khuch i c gi tr l Ura = 10V th ta c h s khuch i:
K= U a 10V = mV = 500 U vao 20
Mt khc ta c:
U a = R4 R3 2R * 1 + 2 R1 * U vao
R4 R3
2R * 1 + 2 R1
U a = U = 500 vao
70
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC T biu thc trn ta mun thay i h s khuch i th ta thay i gi tr ca R1 Nu cho Chn
1+ 2 R2 = 10 R1
R2 = 4.5K
R1 = 1K
R4 500 = = 50 R3 10
R4 = 250K
chn R3 = 5K Vy, in p ra b khuch i l 10V v c h s khuch i l 500 ta c th chn: R1 = R2 = R1 = 1K 4.5K 5K
R1 =250 K 3.5. B vi iu khin * Chc nng ca b iu chnh B iu chnh ng vai tr quan trng trong h thng cn bng nh lng, n c hai chc nng chnh sau: - Nhn tn hiu trng lng t b khuch i v tn hiu tc t my pht xung truyn v tnh lu lng. - So snh lng t: So snh lu lng t vi lng thc nhn c t b khuch i v my pht xung. T tnh c sai lch gia lng t v lng thc v to hm iu khin.
010 V
Qt
A D
V
Tnh ton
RQ
D A
xung
Xung D
71
Tn hiu trng lng 0 10V v tn hiu xung c hai b bin i A/D v Xung/D chuyn thnh dng tn hiu s v tnh ra lu lng thc: Lng Qo s c so snh vi lng Qt v c b bin i D/A chuyn thnh tn hiu tng t iu khin bin tn quay ng c. Ton b qu trnh trn c iu khin nh b vi x l. iu khin tn s ng c ta chn bin tn c s xung pht ra trong mt vng l 100 xung. 3.8. Tng hp b iu chnh lu lng 3.8.1. S cu trc Q RQ Qt
T
Hnh 3.17. S cu trc
- M t i tng Nhn c kt qu so snh t b iu khin bin tn s iu khin quay ng c vi tc gc l , khi lu lng trn bng s l tch s ca trng lng liu trn mt n v chiu di vi tc di ca bng. Lu lng tc thi trn tng phn on ca bng s c gi v b iu khin xc nh lng liu trung bnh trn bng bng cch ly tch phn lng liu tc thi:
Qth =
1 1 QTT * d t = T * V * d t T 0 0
T xc nh c lu lng thc trn bng v so snh vi lng t do ngi vn hnh t trc. Ta c s h thng nh sau:
U
K1 (TP + 1)
72
1 ( P)
U1
Gi thit ta coi lng liu trn mt n v chiu di l khng i (=const) khi s ca h thng s l:
U-
K1 (TP + 1)
K2 P
U1
Ghp hai khu trn li ta c:

Qd + -
RQ
K1 K 2 P(TP + 1)
U1
Trong : T l hng s thi gian ca h thng kn truyn ng - l hng s thi gian tch phn lu lng >> T 3.8.2. Xc nh thng s b iu chnh Ta c s h thng nh hnh sau:
Qd + -
RQ
K1 K 2 P(TP + 1)
Ta coi: K = K1 * K2 p dng tiu chun modul ti u cho b iu chnh P ta c:

KR =
2K * T
Hm truyn ca h thng:
Fdt = K (1 + TP )P
73

F0 = K * Fdt = F0 =
2K * T
K (1 + TP )P
1 2TP (1 + TP )
Hm truyn kn ca h:
Fk = F0 1 = 2 2 1 + F0 2T P + 2TP + 1
Gi thit h truyn ng c hai mch vng, mch vng dng in tng hp theo modul ti u v mch vng tc tng hp theo i xng th ta c hm truyn PI, lc ny T = 40ms, =1s. Hm truyn h s khuch i h thng kn K1 = Hng s tnh ton lu lng: K 2 =
Q 1.3 = = 0.013 U a 10
Bng cc thng s cc thit b bin tn toshiba
a. S dng cc thng s Tn FC Chc nng Tn s c bn thch hp ca ng c iu khin tn s ca bng iu khin b. Cc thng s c bn Bn chc nng t ng: Tn S truyn t 0000 Chc nng n v n v t ti thiu Di iu chnh t mc nh 0 n v Hz Hz 0.1 n v t ti thiu Di iu t mc chnh nh 60 50 Ll-UL *1 0.0
*3. Khi gi tr t tiu chun (TYP:3) c thit lp, thng s ny s c hin th
AU 1
T ng tng/gim tc
0: khng x 1: tc tt nht 2: tc ti thiu
74
GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC AU 2 0001 T ng mmen tng 0: khng x 1: vector iu khin + t ng iu chnh 0: khng x 1: t t ng 0: khng x 1: dng 2: 3 vng iu khin 3: t gi tr u vo ln xung 4: 4-20mA dng iu khin u vo 0
AU 3 AU 4
0002 0040
T ng t theo mi trng Chng trnh t t ng
0 0
Chng 4
4.1 KHI QUT V PLC PLC (vit tt t ting Anh ca t: Programmable Logic Controller) c gi l B iu khin logic kh trnh. S pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng hin i v cng ngh iu khin logic kh trnh da trn c s pht trin ca tin hc, c th l s pht trin ca k thut my tnh. Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC hin nay c ng dng rt rng ri. Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC c th thay th c c mt mng rle, hn th na PLC ging nh mt my tnh nn c th lp trnh c. Chng trnh ca PLC c th thay i rt d dng, cc chng trnh con cng c th sa i nhanh chng. Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC p ng c hu ht cc yu cu v nh l yu t chnh trong vic nng cao hn na hiu qu sn xut trong cng nghip. Trc y th vic t ng ho ch c p dng trong sn xut hng lot nng sut cao. Hin nay cn thit phi t ng ho c trong sn xut nhiu loi khc nhau, nng cao nng sut v cht lng. 4.2. CC THNH PHN CA MT B PLC. Mt b PLC thng thng c nhng Modul phn cng nh sau: Modul ngun. Modul n v x l trung tm CPU. Modul b nh chng trnh. Modul u vo.
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Modul u ra. Modul phi ghp. Modul chc nng ph. Modul ngun nhn t ngun in li cng nghip to ra ngun in mt chiu cung cp cho hot ng ca ton b PLC. Modul n v x l trung tm CPU: trong mi thit b PLC Modul n v x l trung tm gm nhiu h thng vi x l bn trong, c hai loi n v x l trung tm l: n v x l mt bt v n v x l bng t ng. Modul b nh chng trnh: Chng trnh iu khin hin hnh c gi li trong b nh chng trnh bng cc b phn lu gi in t nh RAM, PROM hoc EPROM. Chng trnh c to ra vi s tr gip ca mt n v lp trnh chuyn dng, ri c chuyn vo b nh chng trnh. Mt ngun in d phng cn thit cho RAM duy tr chng trnh ngay c trong trng hp mt ngun in chnh. Modul u vo: Modul u vo c chc nng chun b cc tn hiu bn ngoi chuyn vo trong PLC c cha cc b lc v b thch ng mc nng lng. Mt mch phi ghp c la chn c dng ngn cch in gii mch trong ra khi mch ngoi. Cc Modul u vo c thit k c th nhn nhiu u vo v c th cm thm cc Modul u vo m rng. Vic chn on cc sai xt h hng s c thc hin rt d dng vi mi u vo c trang b mt it pht sng (led) b ch th nh sng bo hiu cho s c mt ca in th u vo. Modul u ra: Modul u ra c cu to tng t nh Modul u vo. N gi thng cc thng tin u ra n cc phn t kch hot (cho dn ng) ca my lm vic. V vy m nhiu Modul u ra thch hp vi hng lot mch phi ghp khc nhau c cung cp. it pht sng (led) cng c th gip quan st in th u ra. Modul phi ghp: Modul phi ghp dng ni b iu khin kh trnh PLC vi cc thit b bn ngoi nh mn hnh, thit b lp trnh hoc cc Panen m rng. Thm vo , nhiu chc nng ph cng cn thit hot ng song song vi nhng chc nng thun tu logic ca mt b PLC c bn. Cng c th ghp thm nhng th in t ph c bit to ra cc chc nng ph . Trong nhng trng hp ny u phi dng n mch phi ghp. Modul chc nng ph: Nhng chc nng ph in hnh nht ca PLC l b nh duy tr c cng chc nng nh Rle duy tr ngha l bo tn tn hiu trong qu trnh mt in. Khi ngun in tr li th b chuyn i ca b nh nm t th nh trc lc mt in. B thi gian ca PLC c chc nng tng t nh cc r le thi gian, vic t thi gian c lp trnh hoc iu chnh t bn ngoi. B m c lp trnh bng cc lnh logic c bn hoc thng qua cc th in t ph. B ghi tng ng vi c cu nt bm- bc. Bc tip theo c th ra bi b pht thi gian hoc bng xung ca mch chuyn i. Chc nng s hc c thit k thc hin bn chc nng s hc c bn: cng, tr, nhn. chia v cc chc nng so snh: ln hn, nh hn, bng v khng bng. Chc nng iu khin s ca PLC iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh trn cc my cng c hoc trn cc tay my, ngi my cng nghip. 4.3. CHC NNG CA PLC. Chc nng ca b iu khin logic kh trnh cng ging nh cc b iu khin khc thit k trn c s cc r le hoc cc thnh phn in t:
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Thu nhn cc tn hiu u vo v phn hi (t cc cm bin). Lin kt, ghp ni li v ng m mch ph hp vi chng trnh. Tnh ton v son tho cc lnh iu khin trn c s so snh cc thng tin thu c. Phn pht cc lnh iu khin n cc a ch thch hp. 4.4. U IM CA VIC NG DNG PLC. Vic ng dng cc b PLC vo cc h thng gp rt nhiu thun li nh Thi gian lp t ngn. tin cy cao v ngy cng tng. D dng thay i phn mm nh thit k. C th tnh ton c chnh xc gi thnh. X l t liu t ng. Tit kim khng gian. Chun ho c phn cng iu khin. Kh nng ti to. Thch ng trong mi trng khc nghit: nhit , m, in p giao ng, ting n. Ghp ni my tnh. Ghp ni my in. 4.5. THIT B IU KHIN LOGIC KH TRNH SIMANTIC S7- 200 Simatic S7 - 200 l thit b iu khin logic kh trnh ca hng Siemen (Cng ho Lin Bang c) . Th h Simatic S7 - 200 rt linh hot v hiu qu s dng cao do nhng c tnh sau: C nhiu loi CPU khc nhau trong h S7-200 nhm p ng yu cu khc nhau ca tng ng dng. C nhiu Modul m rng khc nhau nh cc Modul ng vo/ ra tng t, Modul ng vo/ ra s. Modul truyn thng kt ni PLC trong h S7-200 vo mng Profibus- DP nh l mt Slave. Modul truyn thng kt ni PLC trong h S7 - 200 vo mng AS- I nh l mt MASTER. Phn mm STEP 7- Micro/ Win softwarl. Trong phm vi n ny, em xin c gii thiu v CPU 215 ca hng SIEMENS . CPU 215 nh hnh sau: 4.5.1. Cc c tnh k thut ca CPU 215 v Modull 315 c tnh k thut Kch thc vt l Trng lng Cng sut tiu th 0,5 kg 8w
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CPU 215 246 x 80 x 62 mm

Dung lng b nh chng trnh Dung lng b nh d liu S lng u vo tng t S lng u ra tng t S lng u vo s S lng u ra s C th ghp ni m rng cc Modul S lng b to thi gian tr S lng b m S lng bt nh c bit u vo Kiu u vo Di tn hiu vo Thi gian phn ng li: I0.0 ti I1.5 I0.6 ti I1.5 Kiu khe cm T 15 30 V in p mt chiu , 4mA T 0,2 ms n 8,7 ms mc nh 0,2ms 6 s bt v 30 s tt 500 V AC ,1 pht 4 K Word 2,5 K Word 16 10 64 64 2 256 256 368
C cch ly quang u ra Di in p Dng ti ti a Q0.0 ti Q0.7 Q1.0 ti Q1.1 Dng in d Q0.0 ti Q0.7 Q1.0 ti Q1.1 Thi gian chuyn mch Q0.0 ti Q0.7 Cc u ra khc
T 24,4 n 28,8 V mt chiu nhit t 00 n 550 C 0,5 A/ im 10 A/ im
200 A 400 A
100 s, ON/OF 150 s ON, 400 s OF
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in tr trong ln nht Bo v dng ngn mch Q0.0 ti Q0.7 Q1.0 ti Q1.1 C cch ly quang Ngun cp in p Dng vo T 20,4 n 28,8 VDC 120 mA 400 m
0,7 n 1,5 A/ Knh 1,5 n 3 A/ Knh 500 VAC , 1pht
Cch kt ni cc cng dnh cho CPU 215 c biu din nh hnh sau: Modull m rng EM235 c tnh k thut Kch thc vt l Trng lng Cng sut tiu th S lng u vo tng t S lng u ra tng t u vo Kiu u vo Di tn hiu vo cc i Diferential 30 V in p mt chiu , 32mA 0,2 kg 2w 3 1 CPU 215 90 x 80 x 62 mm
phn gii chuyn i t Analog sang 12 bit hoc 1 trong 4096 Digital Thi gian chuyn i t Analog sang 25 s tng t u ra in p ra Dng ti ti a 10 V T 0 n 20 mA
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4.5.2. Cng truyn thng. S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi phch ni 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 baud. Chn 1
5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6
Gii thch t 24 VDC Truyn v nhn d liu Khng s dng t 5VDC 24 VDC Truyn v nhn d liu Khng s dng
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ghp ni S 7- 200 vi my lp trnh PG 702 hoc vi cc loi my lp trnh thuc h PG7 XX c th s dng mt cp ni thng qua MPI. Ghp ni S7- 200 vi my tnh qua cng RS 232 cn c cp ni PC/ PPI vi b chuyn i RS 232/ RS 485. 4.5.3. Cu chc chng trnh ca S 7 - 200 C th lp trnh cho PLC S7-200 bng cch s dng mt trong nhng phn mm: STEP - MICRO/ DOS. STEP - MICRO/WIN. Phn mm ny c th ci t c trn cc my lp trnh hoc PG 7xx v cc my tnh c nhn (PC). Chng trnh c th vit bng cc ngn ng sau Lu h iu khin (Control system flow chart) Gin thang (Ladder Diagram). Danh sch lnh (Statment List). Cc lnh kiu khi v cc lnh bc cao. Trong bn n ny em gii thiu v ngn ng lp trnh gin thang bng my tnh c nhn. Cc chng trnh cho S7-200 c cu trc bao gm chng trnh chnh v cc chng trnh con v cc chng trnh x l ngt. Chng trnh chnh c kt thc bng lnh kt thc chng trnh (MEND). Chng trnh con l mt b phn ca chng trnh. Cc chngtrnh con c vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh, l lnh MEND). Cc chng trnh con c nhm li thnh mt
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nhm ngay sau chng trnh chnh. Sau n cc chng trnh x l ngt th cu trc chng trnh c r rng v thun tin hn trong vic c chng trnh. Main program MEND Thc hin trong mt vng qut
SBR0 chng trnh con th nht RET SBRn chng trnh con th n+1 RET
Thc hin khi c chng trnh tnh gi
INT O chng trnh x l ngt th nht RETI INTn chng trnh x l ngt th n+1 RETI 4.6. NGN NG LP TRNH CA S7 - 200. 4.6.1. Phng php lp trnh.
Thc hin khi c tn hiu bo ngt
S7-200 biu din mt mch logic cng bng mt dy cc lnh lp trnh. Chng trnh l mt dy cc lnh S7 - 200. Thc hin chng trnh bt u t lnh lp trnh u tin v kt thc lnh lp trnh cui trong mt vng c gi l vng qut (scan). Giai on chuyn d liu ra ngoi vi Giai on nhp d liu t ngoi vi
Giai on truyn Giai on thc Mt vng qut (scan cycle) c bt u bng vic c trng thi ca u vo, v sau thc thng ni b v t hin chng trnh hin chng trnh. Mt vng qut kt thc bng vic thay i trng thi u ra. Trc khi bt kim tra li u mt vng qut tip theo S7-200 thc thi cc nhim v bn trong v nhim v truyn thng. Hnh 4.3. Chng trnh theo vng qut trong S7-200 thc hin Chu trnh thc hin chng trnh l chu trnh lp c th hin hnh 3.3. Cch lp trnh cho S7 -200 ni ring v cho cc PLC ca Siemen ni chung da trn hai phng php c bn: Phng php hnh thang (Ladder logic vit tt thnh LAD). Phng php lit k lnh (Stamennt List vit tt thnh STL).
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Phng php hnh thang LAD l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng ho. Nhng thnh phn c bn dng trong lad tng ng vi cc thnh phn ca Bng iu khin bng r le. Trong chng trnh LAD cc phn t c bn dng biu din lnh logic. Cc tip im thng m c m t Cc tip im thng kn c m t Cun dy c m t Hp l biu tng m t cc hm khc nhau n lm vic khi c dng in chy n hp. Nhng dng hm thng c biu din bng hp l cc b thi gian (TIM ER) b m (COUNTER)v cc hm ton hc Mng LAD l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon thin i t ng ngun bn tri sang ng ngun bn phi, ng ngun bn tri l dy nng, ng ngun bn phi l dy trung ho hay l ng tr v ngun cung cp Phng php lit k lnh STL l phng php th hin chng trnh di dng tp hp cc cu lnh. Mi cu lnh trong trng trnh k c nhng lnh hnh thc biu din mt chc nng ca PLC. H lnh ca S7- 200 c chia lm ba nhm v xp xp theo th t Alphaber Cc lnh m khi thc hin th lm vic c lp khng ph thuc vo gi tr Logic ca ngn xp. Cc lnh ch thc hin c khi bit u tin ca ngn xp c gi tr logic bng 1. Cc nhn lnh nh dn v tr trong tp lnh. Chng trnh c vit theo kiu LAD, thit b lp trnh s t to ra mt chng trnh theo kiu STL tng ng. Ngc li khng phi mi chng trnh c vit theo kiu STL cng c th chuyn sang c LAD. M t vic thc hin lnh a gi tr logic ca tip im IO.O vo trong ngn sp xp theo cch biu din LAD v STL nh sau: LAD
I O.O Q 1.O
STl LD = IO.O Q1.0
4.6.2. C php h lnh ca S7- 200. SIMATIC S7- 200 c mt khi lng lnh tng i ln th hin cc thut ton ca i s Boolean, song ch c mt vi cc kiu lnh khc nhau. Tng lnh ca S7- 200 c m t chi tit v cch s dng, chc nngv tc ng ca chng vo ni dung ngn xp.Gii hn ton hng ca CPU 215 c trnh by nh sau: Phng php truy cp Gii hn cho php ton hng CPU 215
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V I Q M SM T C S VB IB MB SMB AC SB Hng s VW T C IW QW MW SMW AC AIW AQW SW Hng s (0.0 n 5119.7) (0.0 n 7.7) (0.0 n 7.7) (0.0 n 31.7) (0.0 n 194.7) (0 n 255) (0 n 255) (0 n 31.7) (0 n 5119) (0 n 7) (0 n 7) (0 n 31) (0 n 194) (0 n 15) (0 n 5118) (0 n 255) (0 n 255) (0 n 6) (0 n 6) (0 n 30) (0 n 193) (0 n 3) (0 n 30) (0 n 30) (0 n 30)
Truy cp bit (a ch byte, ch s bit)
Truy cp byte
Truy cp t n (a ch byte cao)
Truy cp t n (a ch byte cao)
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VD ID QD MD SMD AC HC SD Hng s (0 n 5116) (0 n 4) (0 n 4) (0 n 28) (0 n 191) (0 n 3) (0 n 2) (0 n 3)
Truy cp t kp (a ch byte cao)
4.6.3. Lnh c bn ca PLC SIMATIC S7- 200 1. Lnh nhy v lnh gi chng trnh con Cc lnh ca chng trnh nu khng c nhng lnh iu khin ring s c thc hin theo th t t trn xung di trong mt vng qut. Lnh iu khin chng trnh cho php thay i th t thc hin lnh. Lnh gi chng trnh con l lnh chuyn iu khin n chng trnh con. Khi chng trnh con thc hin xong cc php tnh ca mnh th vic iu khin li c tr v lnh tip theo trong chng trnh chnh nm ngay sau lnh gi chng trnh con. JMP,CALL: Lnh nhy JMP v lnh gi chng trnh con SBR cho php chuyn LBL. SBR iu khin t v tr ny n mt v tr khc trong mt chng trnh. LAD
n
JMP
STL JMP LBL Call SBR Kn Kn Kn Kn
M t Lnh nhy thc hin vic chuyn iu khin n nhn n trong mt chng trnh Khai bo nhn n trong mt chng trnh Lnh gi chng trnh con Lnh gn nhn n
LBL: n
n
Call SBR:n
CRET
CRET RET
Lnh tr v gi chng trnh con c iu kin Lnh tr v gi chng trnh con khng c iu kin
RET
2. Lnh vo: LD v LDN. Lnh LD np gi tr logic ca mt tip im vo trong bit u tin ca ngn xp. Cc gi tr c cn li trong ngn xp b y li xung mt bit.
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Lnh LDN np gi tr logic, nghch o ca mt tip im vo trong bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr c cn li trong ngn xp b y li xung mt bt. M t lnh bng LAD: LAD M t Ton hng
n n n n
Tip im thng m s c n: I, Q, M, SM, T,C, V (bit) ng nu n= 1 Tip im thng ng s m khi n= 1 Tip im thng m s ng n: I thc thi khi n= 1 Tip im thng ng s m thc thi khi n= 1 M t lnh bng STL:
Lnh LD LDN LDI LDNI 3. Lnh ra. n n n n
M t
Ton hng
Lnh np ga tr logic ca im n u tin n: I,Q,M,SM,T trong ngn xp (bit) C,V Lnh np nghch o ca im n vo bit u tin trong ngn xp Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic ca im n n: I vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n vo bt u tin trong ngn xp
OUT PUT (=): Lnh sao chp ni dung ca bit u tin trong ngn xp vo bit c ch nh trong lnh. Ni dung ca ngn xp khng b thay i. M t lnh bng LAD: LAD M t Ton hng Cun dy u ra trng thi kch thch n: I,Q,M,SM,T,C,V khi c dng iu khin i qua (bit) Cun dy u ra c kch thch tc n: Q thi khi c dng iu khin i qua M t lnh bng STL nh sau: STL M t
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n n
Ton hng

= n Lnh = sao chp gi tr ca nh ngn n: I,Q,M,SM,T,C,V xp ti tip im n c ch dn trong (bit) lnh. Lnh = 1 sao chp tc thi gi tr ca n: Q nh stack ti tip im n c ch dn (bit) trong lnh
=1 n
4. Cc lnh ghi / xo gi tr cho tip im. SET (S) RESET (R) Lnh dng ng v ngt cc im gin on c thit k. Trong LAD, logic iu khin dng in ng hoc ngt cc cun dy u ra. Khi dng iu khin n cc cun dy th cc cun dy ng hoc m cc tip im (hoc mt dy cc tip im). Trong STL, lnh truyn trng thi bit u ca ngn xp n cc im thit k. Nu bit ny c gi tr bng 1, cc lnh S v R s ng ngt tip im hoc mt dy cc tip im (gii hn t 1 n 255) Ni dung ca ngn xp khng b thay i bi cc lnh ny. M t lnh S v R bng LAD: LAD
S' Bit S n
M t ng mt mng gm n tip im k t S_ BIT Ngt mt mng gm n tip im k t S_BIT. Nu S_BIT li ch vo Timer hoc Counter th lnh s xo bt u ra ca Timer/ Counter .
Ton hng S_ BIT: I, Q, M, SM, T C,V(bit) n: IB,QB, MB, SMB, VB (byte) AC, hng s, *VD, * AC
S' Bit R n
S' Bit SI n
S' Bit RI n
ng tc thi mt mng gm n cc S_BIT: Q tip im k t S_BIT (bit) Ngt tc thi mt mng gm n cc n: IB,QB,MB,SMB,VB (byte) AC, hng s, tip im k t a ch S_BIT *VD, *AC M t lnh S (set) v R (Reset) bng STL nh sau: M t Ton hng M,
Lnh S n S_BIT
Ghi gi tr logic, vo mt mng gm n S_BIT : I, Q, bit k t a ch S_BIT SM, T C,V(bit)
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R n S_BIT xo mt mng gm n bit k t a ch S_BIT. Nu S_BIT li ch vo Timer hoc Counter th lnh s xo bit u ra ca Timer/ Couter.
SI n
S_BIT Ghi tc thi gi tr logic 1 vo mt mng S_BIT: Q gm n bt k t a ch S_BIT n:IB,QB,MBSMB,VB (byte) AC, hng s, RI S_BIT n Xo tc thi mt mng gm n bt k t *VD, * AC a ch S_BIT 5. Cc lnh logic i s boolean Cc lnh tip im i s Boolean cho php to lp c cc mch logic (khng c nh). Trong LAD cc lnh ny c biu din thng qua cu trc mch, mc ni tip hay song song cc tip im thng ng v cc tip im thng m. STL c th s dng cc lnh A (And) v O (Or) cho cc hm h hoc cc lnh AN (And Not), ON (Or Not) cho cc hm kn. Gi tr ca ngn xp thay i ph thuc vo tng lnh. Lnh O A n n M t Ton hng Lnh thc hin ton t (A) v (O) gia gi tr n: logic ca tip im n v gi tr bit u tin I,Q,M,SM, trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u (bit) T,C,V ca ngn xp Lnh thc hin ton t (A) v (O) gia gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n v gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u ca ngn xp Lnh thc hin ton t (A) v (O) gia gi tr n: I logic ca tip im n v gi tr bit u tin trong (bit) ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u ca ngn xp Lnh thc hin ton t (A) v (O) gia gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n v gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u ca ngn xp
AN ON
n n
AI OI
n n
ANI ONI
n n
6. Cc lnh can thip vo thi gian vng qut. Trong LAD v STL chng trnh chnh phi kt thc bng lnh kt thc khng iu kin MEND. C th s dng lnh kt thc c iu kin END trc lnh kt thc khng iu kin. Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh, n chuyn iu kin chng trnh n ch STOP. Nu nh gp lnh STOP trong chng trnh chnh hoc trong chng trnh con th chng trnh ang c thc hin s c kt thc ngay lp tc.
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Nu nh gp lnh STOP trong chng trnh x l ngt th chng trnh x l ngt s kt thc ngay lp tc v tt c cc tn hiu ngt ang ch x l, sau u b b qua v khng c thc hin. Lnh WOR s khi ng li ng h quan st v chng trnh tip tc c thc hin trong vng qut ch quan st. S dng lnh MEND, STOP v WDR trong LAD nh sau: LAD
END
M t Lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh hin hnh c iu kin. Lnh kt thc khng iu kin dng kt thc mt chng trnh hin hnh.
Ton hng
END
khng c
STOP
Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh hin hnh v chuyn sang ch STOP. Lnh WRD khi to li ng h quan st. Lnh NOP khng c hiu lc trong chng trnh hin hnh. Ton hng n l mt s nm n: 0 255 trong khong 0255
WRD
NOP
S dng lnh END, STOP v WDR trong STR trong STL nh sau: STL END MEND STOP WDR NOP n 7. Cc lnh s hc : Cc lnh s hc dng thc hin cc php tnh s hc trong chng trnh .Cc php tnh vi s thc hoc vi s thc du phy ng v php bin i gia s thc v s nnguyn kiu t kp ch thc hin c CPU214.Ngoi bn php ton c bn (cng, tr, nhn, chia) .S7-200
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M t Lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh hin hnh nu bit u ngn xp c gi tr logic 1. Lnh kt thc khng iu kin dng kt thc mt chng trnh hin hnh. Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh hin hnh v chuyn sang ch STOP. Lnh WRD khi to li ng h quan st.
Ton hng
khng c
Lnh NOP khng c hiu lc trong chng trnh n: 0 255 hin hnh. Ton hng n l mt s nm trong khong 0 255

cn cung cp cc lnh thc hin php bin i s thc (4byte)cn c s nguyn kiu t kp v ly du cn. Lnh ADD _I (LAD) +I (STL) Lnh thc hin php cng cc s nguyn 16 bit IN1v IN2 .Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 16 bit c ghi vo out tc l : IN1+ IN2 = OUT Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr 16 bit nhng c ghi vo IN2 tc l : IN1 + IN2 = IN2 Lnh SUB_I(LAD) -I (STL) Lnh thc hin php tr cc s nguyn 16 bit IN1v IN2. Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 16 bit c ghi vo out tc l : IN1- IN2 = OUT Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr 16 bit nhng c ghi vo IN2 tc l : IN1- IN2 = IN2 C php dng lnh cng tr hai s nguyn 16 bit trong LAD v STL nh sau : LAD
ADD-I EN IN1 OUT IN2 SUB-I EN
STL
Ton hng
+ IN1
IN2
IN1 IN2
OUT
IN1,IN2 : VW, T, C, QM, MW, SMW, AC, AIW OUT : VW , T, C, QM, MW, SMW, AC, AIW
IN1
IN2
Lnh ADD-DI (LAD) +D (STL) Lnh thc hin php cng cc s nguyn 32 bit IN1v IN2. Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 32 bit c ghi vo OUT tc l : IN1 + IN2 = OUT Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr 32 bit nhng c ghi vo IN2 tc l : IN1 + IN2 = IN2 Lnh SUB_DI (LAD) -D (STL)
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Lnh thc hin php tr cc s nguyn 32 bit IN1v IN2. Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 32 bit c ghi vo OUT tc l : IN1- IN2 = OUT Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr nguyn 32 bit nhng c ghi vo IN2 tc l : IN1- IN2 = IN2 C php dng lnh cng tr hai s nguyn 32 bit trong LAD v STL nh sau : LAD
ADD -DI EN IN1 OUT IN2
STL
Ton hng
IN1
IN2 IN1,IN2 : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, OUT : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC,
SUB-DI EN IN1 OUT
IN1
IN2
IN2
Lnh ADD _R (LAD) +R (STL) Lnh thc hin php cng cc s thc 32bit IN1v IN2 .Trong LAD kt qu l mt s thc 32 bit c ghi vo OUT tc l : IN1+IN2=OUT Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr thc 32 bit nhng c ghi vo IN2 tc l IN1+IN2=IN2 Lnh SUB-R (LAD) -R (STL) Lnh thc hin php tr cc s thc 32bit IN1v IN2 .Trong LAD kt qu l mt s thc 32 bit c ghi vo OUT tc l : IN1-IN2=OUT Trong STL kt qu cng l mt gi tr thc 32 bit nhng c ghi vo IN2 tc l IN1-IN2=IN2 C php dng lnh cng tr hai s thc 32 bit trong LAD v STL nh sau: LAD STL Ton hng
90

ADD -R EN IN1 OUT IN2
IN1
IN2 IN1,IN2 : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, OUT : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC,
SUB -R EN IN1 OUT IN2
- IN1
IN2
Lnh MUL: *R (STL) Trong LAD: Lnh thc hin php nhn hai s thc 32-bit IN1v IN2 v cho ra kt qu 32 bit cha trong t kp OUT (4byte). Trong STL: Lnh thc hin php nhn hai s thc 32-bit IN1 v s nguyn cha trong t thp (t 0-bit 15)ca ton hng 32bit IN2.Kt qu 32 bit c ghi trong IN2. C php dng lnh nhn hai s thc trong LAD v STL: LAD STL Ton hng
MUL - R
EN IN1 OUT IN2
MUL
IN1
IN2
IN1,IN2: VW, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, hng s OUT : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, AC,
Lnh DIV: Trong LAD: lnh thc hin php chia hai s nguyn 16-bit IN1v IN2 v cho ra kt qu 32 bit cha trong t kp OUT (4byte) gm thng s ghi trong mng 16 bit t 0-15 (t thp) v phn d cng 16 bit ghi trong mng t bit 16 n 31(t cao) Trong STL: Lnh thc hin php chia hai s nguyn 16-bit IN1 cho s nguyn 16 bit cha trong t thp (t 0-bit 15) ca ton hng 32bit IN2.Kt qu 32bit c ghi trong IN2 bao gm
91

thng s ghi trong mng 16 bit t 0-15 (t thp) v phn d cng 16 bit ghi trong mng t bit 16 n 31(t cao) C php dng lnh chia hai s 32 bit trong LAD v STL nh sau: LAD
DIV EN IN1 OUT IN2
STL
Ton hng IN1,IN2: VW, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, IN1 hng s OUT : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, AC,
DIV IN2
Cc lnh chuyn MOV Lnh chuyn thc hin vic di chuyn hoc sao chp ni dung t vng ny sang vng khc trong b nh. Trong LAD v trong STL lnh dch chuyn thc hin vic di chuyn hay sao chp ni dung ca mt byte, mt t n, mt t kp,hoc mt gi tr thc t vng ny sang vng khc trong b nh. 8. Cc lnh chuyn trong LAD Lnh sao chp ni dung Byte MOV-B Lnh sao chp ni dung t n MOV-W Lnh sao chp ni dung t kp MOV-DW Lnh sao chp ni dung mt s thc MOV-R C php dng di chuyn trong LAD v STL: LAD
MOV-B EN
STL MOVB IN OUT
Ton hng IN VB, IB, QB, MB, SMB, hng s OUT VB, IB, QB, MB, SMB, IN : VW, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AC, AIW, hng s OUT: VW, IW, QW, MW, SMW, AIW hng s IN : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, AIW, hng s OUT : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, AIW, hng s IN : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, AIW, hng s
IN1
OUT
MOV-W EN
MOVW IN
OUT
IN1
OUT
MOV-DW EN
IN1
OUT
MOVDW IN OUT
MOV-R EN
MOVR IN OUT
92
IN1
OUT

OUT : VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, AC, AIW, hng s *Ngt v x l ngt Ch ngt v x l ngt cho php thc hin cc qu trnh tc cao phn ng kp thi vi cc s kin bn trong v bn ngoi khi c mt tn hiu bo ngt h thng s t chc gi v thc hin chng trnh con tng ng vi tn hiu ngt ATCH lnh khai bo s dng mt ch ngt vi kiu c xc nh bng ton hng EVENT LAD
ATCH EN INT EVENT
STL
ATCH
INT
EVENT
Lnh DTCH hy b ch ngt LAD

DTCH EN EVENT
STL DTCH EVENT
4.7 . B iu khin PID trong CPU 215 S7-200 Trong cc h thng iu chnh t ng trong cng nghip hin nay thng s dng cc quy lut iu chnh chun nh t l, tch phn, t l vi tch phn, t l vi phn, t l tch phn. Quy lut t l (P : Proportion) Tn hiu iu khin trong quy lut t l t l vi tn hiu sai lch c th hin theo cng thc sau: Ud = K .e Trong : K l h s khuych i ca quy lut e l sai lch ca tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra Theo tnh cht ca khu khuych i ta thy tn hiu ra ca khu khuych i lun trng pha vi tn hiu vo, nn u im ca khu ny l tc tc ng nhanh nhng c nhc im la khng trit tiu c sai lch Quy lut tch phn (I : Integral)
93

Trong quy lut tch phn, tn hiu iu khin c xc nh bng cng thc: Trong : Ti = 1/K l thi gian tch phn e l sai lch ca tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra Trong quy lut ny gi tr Ud ch xc lp khi gi tr sai lch n e = 0. u im ca quy lut ny l trit tiu c sai lch nhng nhc im ca quy lut ny l tc ng chm do tn hiu ra ca n lun chm pha so vi tn hiu vo mt gc /2 Quy lut t l tch phn (PI) va tc ng nhanh va trit tiu c sai lch ngi ta thng kt hp hai quy lut t l v tch phn li vi nhau tn hiu iu khin c xc nh theo cng thc sau: Km l h s tch phn Ti l h s thi gian tch phn Vi Km v Ti thch hp th qu trnh iu khin s ti u vi thi gian tc ng nh v gim c sai lch. Nhng do c thnh phn tch phn nn tc tc ng chm i, nu i tng c nhiu tc ng lin tc m h thng i hi c chnh xc cao th quy lut PI khng p ng c. Quy lut t l vi tch phn PID tng tc tc ng ca quy lut PI ta kt hp thm quy lut vi phn thnh mt b PID b ny c kh nng gim thi gian tc ng, sai lch,chng c nhiu tc ng. Tn hiu iu khin c xc nh theo cng thc sau: Trong : Km l h s tch phn Ti l h s thi gian tch phn Td l h s thi gian vi phn Trong h thng cn bng ti ny ta n nh lu lng theo quy lut PID c th m bo tc ng nhanh, sai lch tnh t, chu c nhiu v chnh xc cao. Sau y l nguyn l thc hin vic tnh ton ca b PID s trong CPU 215-S7200 SEIMEN. B iu khin PID thc hin vic tnh ton PID da trn nhng thng tin v u vo v cu hnh trong bng. B iu khin PID dng thc hin vic tnh ton PID. thc hin vic tnh ton PID. Lnh ny c hai ton hng: Mt l bng a ch (l a ch lc ban u ca vng bng) v mt hng s t 0 n 7. Trong mt chng trnh ch c s dng 8 PID lnh. Nu c hai lnh tr ln c s dng vi cng mt vng (cho d chng c hai bng khc nhau) th vic tnh ton trong PID s b cn tr vic tnh ton khc v kt qu s khng th d bo c.
94

Vng bng lu tr 9 thng s dng iu khin v nh hng qu trnh vn hnh v bao gm cc gi tr ca bin s hin ti v trc, gi tr t, gi tr gia tng, phn hi, gi tr t c, thi gian mu, thi gian thc ton b (khi ng li), thi giam o hm v gi tr lch chun thc hin vic tnh ton PID ti t l mu mong mun, lnh PID phi c thc hin c trong mt chu trnh b gin on nh trc hoc t chng trnh chnh vi mt t l c iu khin bi mt b thi gian. thi gian mu phi c coi l mt u vo ca lnh PID 4.8. Thut ton PID Trong qu trnh vn hnh mt b iu khin PID s iu chnh gi tr ca kt qu u ra sao cho t n c th gim sai lch (e) tr v 0. Cch xc nh sai lch c xc nh bng vic xc nh s khc nhau gia gi tr t v gi tr thc. Nguyn tc tnh ton ca b iu khin PID da trn c s hm sau (th hin gi tr u ra), M(t) l hm bao gm mt hm t l, mt hm tch phn v mt hm vi phn. Trong M(t) l tn hiu ra Kc l h s khuych i e l gi tr sai lch Minnial l gi tr ban u ca u ra thc hin chc nng iu khin trong mt my tnh k thut s th cc hm lin tc phi c lng ho thnh cc mu nh k ca gi tr sai lch cng vi gi tr tnh ton ca u ra. Hm s di y l c s cho qu trnh iu khin bng my tnh s ho: Trong Mn l gi tr u ra c tnh ton ti thi im ly mu n KC l h s t l en l gi tr sai lch tai thi dim ly mu n en-1 l gi tr sai lch tai thi dim ly mu n-1 KI l h s tch phn Minnial l gi tr ban u ca u ra KD l h s vi phn T hm ny suy ra s tch phn s c th hin l mt hm ca tt c cc gi tr sai lch bao gm t mu u tin cho n mu hin ti. Hm vi phn y l mt hm ca sai lch hin ti v sai lch trc cn hm t l ch l mt hm ca sai lch hin ti. PLC khng bao gi lu tt c cc gi tr sai lch bi v iu khng cn thit. Mi khi pht hin sai lch th s phi tnh ton gi tr u vo ngay mu u tin v vy ch cn lu gi tr sai lch trc v gi tr ca cc hm tch phn. Do tnh cht gii lp i lp li ca PLC nn ngi ta lm n gin ho hm c th gii quyt c mu sai lch ny. Phng trnh n gin ho l:
95
Trong Mn l gi tr u ra c tnh ton ti thi im ly mu n KC l h s t l en l gi tr sai lch tai thi dim ly mu n en-1 l gi tr sai lch tai thi dim ly mu n-1 KI l h s tch phn MX l gi tr ca u ra ti n-1 KD l h s vi phn CPU s dng mt hnh thc ca hm c n gin ho trn khi tnh ton gi tr u ra ca vng iu khin Hm n gin l: Trong Mn l gi tr u ra c tnh ton ti thi im n MPn l gi tr ca khu t l ti thi im n MIn l gi tr ca khu tch phn ti thi im n MDn l gi tr ca khu tch phn ti thi im n *Hm t l: Gi tr t l MP l kt qu gi tr t c gi tr ny iu khin nhy bn ca vic tnh ton v gi tr sai lch (c tnh bng s khc nhau gia gi tr t v gi tr thc ti mt thi im cho trc). Hm tr t l c CPU x l l: Trong MPn l gi tr u ra ca khu t l ti thi im n KC l h s t l SPn l gi tr t ti thi im n PVn l gi tr thc ti thi im n *Hm tch phn: Gi tr u ra ca khu tch phn MI t l tch phn vi sai lch Hm ca tch phn c CPU x l l: Trong MIn KC TS TI SPn l gi tr u ra ca khu tch phn ti thi im n l h s tch phn l thi gian ly mu l h s thi gian tch phn l gi tr t ti thi im n
96

PVn l gi tr thc ti thi im n MX l gi tr ca hm tch phn ti thi im n-1 Tng tch phn (MX) l tng cc gi tr trc ang chy ca gi tr tch phn. Sau mi ln tch ton Minm tng tch phn s c cp nht bng gi tr Min c iu chnh (xem phn Bin s v phm vi bit thm chi tit). Gi tr ban u ca tng tch phn c t theo gi tr u ra Minnitial ngy trc qu trnh tnh ton u ra vng u tin. Gi tr tch phn gm mt vi hng s nh h s tch phn v hng s thi gian m trong mt thi gian qut mt vng m PID tnh li gi tr u ra v tch phn thi gian (Ti) m trong mt khong thi gian cn iu khin s tc ng ca hm tch phn trong vic tnh ton u ra. *Hm vi phn: Hm vi phn MD t l thun vi s thay i ca sai lch. Hm di yth hin gi tr vi phn. trnh s thay i bt thng ca u ra do vic pht sinh nhng thay i trong im t, hm ny c iu chnh gi tr t l mt hng s (SPn = SPn-1). iu ny s c hiu qu trong vic tnh ton s thay i gi tr thc ch khng phi thay i sai lch di y: hoc ch l: Trong MDn l gi tr u ra ca khu vi phn ti thi im n Kc l h s Ts l thi gan mu Td l thi gian vi phn SPn l gi tr t ti thi im n SPn-1 l gi tr t ti thi im n-1 PVn l gi tr thc ti thi im n PVn-1 l gi tr thc ti thi im n-1 CPU phi lu gi tr thc ch khng lu sai lch s dng trong vic tnh ton gi tr vi phn tip sau . Trong ln ly mu u tin gi tr PVn-1c coi l tng ng vi gi tr PVn. La chn vng iu khin: Trong nhiu h thng iu khin ngi ta thng s dng mt hoc hai vng iu khin. V d ngi ta c th s dng vng iu khin t l hoc iu khin t l v tch phn.Vic la chn vng iu khin c thc hin bng vic lp gi tr thng s khng i. Nu khng mun tnh ton bng tch phn (khng I trong vic tnh ton PID) th ngi ta phi xc nh gi tr v cc cho thi gian tch phn. Thm ch nu khng tnh ton tch phn th gi tr ca hm tch phn c th khng bng 0 bi gi tr ban u ca tng tch phn MX nu ngi ta khng mun dng b D trong tnh ton PID th thi gian o hm Td s c coi bng 0.0. Nu khng mun s dng b P trong tnh ton PID v bn li mun s dng b I hoc ID th hng s thi gian s c xc nh bng 0.0. Bi v gi tr h s t l l mt nhn t trong cc
97

hm dng tnh ton gi tr tch phn, gi tr vi phn th vic t gi tr 0.0 cho h s s tr thnh gi tr 1.0 s dng trong hm tch phn, vi phn. C gi tr t v gi tr thc u l nhng s thc m phm vi, ln v n v vn hnh c th khc nhau. Trc khi b PID x l cc gi tr thc th chng phi c chuyn ho thnh nhng im r rng ng tiu chun. Bc u tin l chuyn mt s nguyn 16 bit thnh mt im hoc s thc. Dng lnh sau cho thy cch chuyn t s nguyn sang s thc. Lnh XORD AC0, AC0 MOVW AIW0, AC0 LDW >= AC0,0 JMP 0 NOT CRD 16#FFFF0000,AC0 LBL 0 DTR AC0, AC0 Bc tip theo l chuyn s thc thnh gi tr tiu chun (S ho tn hiu) 00 v 1.0. Hm sau dng tiu chun ho c gi tr thc v gi tr t. Trong : RNorm l g tr s thc c chun ho. Rraw l g tr s thc cha c chun ho. Offset bng 0.0 i vi gi tr n cc. 0.5 i vi gi tr song cc. Span l gi tr ln nht ca phn gii . = 32000 cho gi tr n cc. = 64000 cho gi tr song cc. *Chuyn vng u ra thnh g tr nguyn cn bng:Vng u ra l mt s thc tiu chun gia 00 n 01. Trc khi s dng gi tr u ra xc nh tn hiu tng t u ra ta phi chuyn gi tr u ra thnh mt s nguyn 16 bt c sp xp th t. Qu trnh ny l s o ngc qu trnh chuyn i PV v SP sang gi tr tiu chun. Bc u tin, chuyn vng u ra thnh gi tr s thc ta s dng cng thc di y: Cng thc Rscal = (Mn- Offset) . Span Trong : Rscal l chia ca gi tr s thc u ra Mn l gi tr s thc u ra c chun ho Offset bng 0.0 i vi gi tr n cc 0.5 i vi gi tr song cc Span l gi tr ln nht ca phn gii = 32000 cho gi tr n cc
98

= 64000 cho gi tr song cc Chui lnh sau cho bit cch sp xp th t vng u ra: MOVR VD108 -R 0,5, AC0 *R 64000.0, AC0 Tip theo, gi tr thc th hin vng u ra phi c chuyn thnh mt s nguyn 16 bits. Dng lnh di y cho thy cch chuyn i : TRUNC AC0, AC0 MOV-W AC0, AQW0 *Cc vng hot ng ng chiu v ngc chiu: Gi l vng ng chiu nu nh h s tch phn dng v gi l vng ngc chiu nu h s l m (i vi b iu khin I hoc ID, gi tr ca h s l 0.0 vic xc nh h s tch phn dng cho gi tr thi gian tch phn v gi tr thi gian o hm s nh hng ti vng xui chiu v vic xc nh gi tr m s nh hng ti vng ngc chiu). *Cc bin s v phm vi: Bin s v gi tr t l u vo ca b tnh ton PID. Nh vy ta c th c cc trng Bng lp ca cc bin s nh khng th thay i bi lnh PID. B tnh ton PID c th to ra gi tr u ra v vy trng gi tr u ra trong bng thng s c cp nht sau mi b tnh ton PID. Gi tr u ra c tp hp thnh cc gi tr t 00 n 1.0. Ta c th s dng gi tr u ra nh mt u vo xc nh gi tr u ra ban u khi chuyn i t trng thi iu khin bng tay sang trng thi iu khin t ng ca u ra. Nu ta s dng b iu khin tch phn th b tnh ton PID s cp nht gi tr sai lch v gi tr va c cp nht s c s dng nh mt u vo ca b tnh ton PID tip theo. Khi gi tr u ra va c tnh ton nm ngoi phm vi cho php (nh hn 0.0 hoc ln hn 1.0) th ta c th iu chnh gi tr sai lch theo cng thc sau: MX = 1.0 (MPn + MDn) Khi kt qu tnh ton u ra Mn > 1.0 MX = 1.0 (MPn + MDn) Khi kt qu tnh ton u ra Mn < 0.0 Trong : MX l gi tr sai lch c iu chnh MPn l gi tr u ra ca khu t l ti thi im n MDn l gi tr u ra ca khu vi phn ti thi im n Mn L gi tr u ra ti thi im n Bng vic iu chnh gi tr lch chun nh trnh by trn, kh nng p ng ca h thng c nng cao ng k bi u ra tnh c trn tr li trong phm vi cho php. Gi tr sai lch chun c tnh ton cng c tp hp t 0.0 n 1.0 v sau c vit trong trng lch chun ca Bng lp sau khi hon thnh mi b tnh ton PID. Gi tr lu trong Bng lp s c s dng trong vic tnh ton PID tip theo. Gi tr lch chun trong Bng lp c th c thay i trc khi thc hin lnh PID xc nh cc vn pht sinh trong khi tnh gi tr lch chun trong mt s ng dng c th. Ta phi cn thn khi iu chnh bng tay bt c gi tr sai lch chun no vit trong Bng lp phi l mt s thc t 0.0 n 1.0.
99

Mt gi tr so snh ca bin s thc c lu gi trong Bng lp s dng trong phn pht sinh ca b tnh ton PID do ta khng nn thay i gi tr ny. Khng c b iu khin chun cho cc vng lp PID S7-200. B tnh ton PID c thc hin ch khi c dng in truyn n hp PID. Nh vy trng thi t ng s c bt khi b tnh ton PID c thc hin mt cch tun t. Trng thi bng tay s bt khi ta khng thc hin b tnh ton PID. B lnh PID c mt Power-flow history bit. Lnh s dng bit nh du ny d tm t 0 n 1 Power flow transition. V khi d thy lnh ny s thc hin mt lot cc cng vic nhm thay i t ch iu khin bng tay sang ch iu khin t ng. qu trnh thay i sang ch iu khin t ng khng gp tr ngi th gi tr u ra do b iu khin bng tay to ra phi cng nh dng vi u vo ca lnh PID (gi tr Mn trong Bng lp) trc khi chuyn sang ch iu khin t ng. Lnh PID thc hin mt chui cng vic sau i vi cc gi tr trong Bng lp m bo mt s thay i t ch bng tay sang ch t ng khi d c s chuyn i dng in t 0 n 1. Lp im t (SPn) = bin s thc (PVn) Lp bin s thc (PVn-1) = bin thc (PVn) Lp gi tr lch chun (MX) = gi tr u ra (Mn) Trng thi mc nh ca PID history bit l Set v trng thi c thit lp trong bc khi ng ca CPU v trong mi ln thay i t trng thi STOP sang trng thi RUN ca b iu khin. Nu dng nng lng chy ti hp PID ln u tin m lnh ny c thc hin sau khi vo trng thi RUN th khi lnh s khng d c s chuyn i nng lng v s thay i trng thi mt cch bnh thng s khng th thc hin c. *Bo ng, qu trinh vn hnh c bit: Lnh PID l mt lnh n gin nhng rt hiu qu tnh PID. Nu cc qu trnh x l cn thm cc tnh nng nh bo ng hoc tnh ton c bit cc bin s lp th ta phi s dng cc lnh c bn do CPU cung cp. *Cc iu kin ca sai lch: Trong khi dch, CPU s to ra mt li bin dch (sai lch v mt phm vi) v vic bin dch s khng th tip tc c nu a ch khi ng trong Bng lp hoc ton t s vng lp c xc nh trong lnh PID ngoi phm vi cho php. Cc gi tr u vo Bng lp nht nh khng phi l phm vi m lnh PID kim sot. Bn phi lu rng bin s thc v im t (hay l gi tr lch chun v bin thc lin k trc nu c coi nh l cc u vo) l nhng s thc gia 0.0 v 1.0 Nu gp phi bt k li no trong khi thc hin cc php ton ca b tnh ton PID th SM1.1 (gi tr trn hay gi tr khng hp l) c t v lnh PID s khng th c thc hin tip. (vic cp nht cc gi tr trong Bnglp c th khng c hon chnh) v vy bn khng nn quan tm ti cc gi tr v vic sa gi tr u vo s gy ra nhng sai lch ton hc trc khi thc hin lnh PID ca vng tip theo . Bng lp di 36 bytes vo c nh dng nh sau: STT 1 2 Thng s VD100 VD104 Gi tr thc (PVn) Gi tr t (SPn)
100
ngha

3 4 5 6 7 8 VD108 VD112 VD116 VD120 VD124 VD132 Tn hiu a ra iu khin bin tn (Mn) H s Kc(khuch i) Hng s thi gian Ts mu Hng s thi gian tch phn(Ti) Hng s thi gian vi phn(Td) Bin s thc c lu t ln thc hin trc
Trong m hnh cn ny, vi yu cu cng ngh l vi mt gi tr t trc ca lu lng liu v b PLC c nhim v tnh tan v iu chnh bin tn iu chnh mt ng c quay bng ti sao cho lu lng liu ra khi cn bng bng lng t trc. im t y l lu lng liu c t t b TD200. im t c xc nh trc v s c nhp trc tip vo Bng lp. Bin thc s l mt gi tr tng t v c hin th trn TD200. u ra c ghi trong Bng u ra tng ng n cc dng iu khin tc ng c quay bng. T yu cu cng ngh nh trn ta c th lp trnh cho b iu khin kh trnh PLC Lp trnh cho CPU S7-200 lp trnh cho PLC ta cn thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Tm hiu k yu cu cng ngh, b sung nhng yu cu cn thiu. 2. Chn PLC c s u vo u ra ln hn s u vo u ra yu cu. 3. Phn cng vo ra cho PLC. 4. Lp lu cch m PLC thc hin cng ngh yu cu. 5. Phin dch lu sang gin thang v lp trnh vo PLC. 6. Kim tra v sa i chng trnh v chy th. 7. Ni PLC vi h thng thc. 8. Kim tra v sa i chng trnh. 9. Chy th nghim v sa i. 10. Lu gi chng trnh v hon tt ti liu. 11. kt thc cng vic. *Phn cng vo ra cho PLC: Cng V0 M a in p iu khin ra iu khin bin tn. Cng A+ A- l cng a in p t LoadCell vo PLC. Cng A+ A- l cng a in p t my pht tc vo PLC. Lu cho PLC thc hin nh Hnh 4.8 di y
Bt u
Chu k 1 ? 101 S
Thc hin chng trnh con
Phin dch lu sang gin thang chng trnh nh hnh sau:

DIV-R EN ENO IN1 IN2 OUT AC0
AC0 16000
MOV-R EN ENO AC0 IN OUT VD100
SBR-0 SM0.0
MOV-W 102 EN ENO 0.25
MOV-B ENO EN 100 IN OUT SMB34
0 10
ATCH ENO EN IN1 IN 2

VD1000
ENI
103
Chng trnh con ngt
- Xo AC0 - Ly mu p lc P ti AIW0 chuyn vo thanh ghi AC0 - i AC0 sang s thc - Chuyn AC0 v gi tr thc - Xo AC1 - Ly mu p lc V ti AIW1 chuyn vo thanh ghi AC1 - i AC1 sang s thc - Chuyn AC1 v gi tr thc - Nhn AC0 vi AC1 - Chuyn kt qu ra vng nh VD100 a vo b PID s l sai lch
*Thuyt minh chng trnh Kt thc Theo yu cu cng ngh th lu lng ca qu trnh bng lu lng t Q= Qt= P.V. Kq| Gi tn hiu AIW0 l tn hiu p lc Tn hiu vn tc l AQW0 Chng trnh chnh Thc hin khai bo chng trnh chnh lc ny tip im SM0.1 bt u thc hin chng trnh gm c. Khai bo a ch V14.6 l a ch ca h s Kq v a ch V14.7 l a ch ca gi tr t Tip im I0.0 bt ln thc hin chng trnh chuyn gi tr t t vng a ch VW59 ti a ch VD104. c thng qua cc bc sau: Xa tn hiu trong thanh ghi AC3 (tn hiu AC3 ang l s nguyn). Chuyn gi tr VW59 (s nguyn) kt qu a vo AC3. Chuyn gi tr AC3 thnh s thc kt qu a vo AC3. Chia gi tr AC3 cho 1000 kt qu a vo AC3. Nhn tn hiu AC3 vi VD80 (h c quy i) kt qu a vo VD100 Thc hin tnh PID. Tn hiu VD108 (tn hiu ra iu khin) nhn vi 16000 Uk ch nm trong khong 0-5V c gi ra tn hiu AQW0 y ly tn hiu AQW0 l tn hiu vn tc lun. Chuyn tn hiu
104

AQW0 thnh s thc. Kt qu ghi vo VD100. Chuyn tn hiu VD100 ln mn hnh hin th TD200. VD69 chia cho h s quy i lc ny l tn hiu Q(t) vi a ch VD69. Chng trnh con Khai bo cc hng s. t gi tr t VD104 (a ch trn CPU) Hng s Kc=0.25 c chuyn vo a ch VD112 trong vng bng PID. Hng s thi gian Ts=0.1 c chuyn vo a ch VD116 trong vng bng PID. Hng s tch phnTi= 0.5pht c chuyn vo a ch VD120 trong vng bng PID. Hng s vi phn Td=0 c chuyn vo a ch VD124 trong vng bng PID. Khai bo ngt dng lnh ATCH y khai bo ngt 10. Kt thc chng trnh khai bo ngt. Chng trnh ngt Xa tn hiu trong thanh ghi AC0 (tn hiu AC0 ang l s nguyn). Chuyn gi tr AIW0 (s nguyn) kt qu a vo AC0. Chuyn gi tr AC0 thnh s thc kt qu a vo AC0. Chia gi tr AC0 cho 16000 kt qu a vo AC0. Chuyn tn hiu AC0 ra VD1000. Tn hiu p lc AIW0 c chuyn i t s nguyn sang s thc v kt qu c gi sang VD1000. Chng trnh c th c thc hin Sau khi lp trnh xong chng trnh c xung PLC v t PLC c ni vi mn hnh hin th TD200 iu khin cm tay. Vi cc thng s c thay i nh Q(). Tn hiu p lc thay i lm cho tc ng c thay i c hin th trn mn hnh TD c th l p lc tc ng ln lm cho tc ng c gim v p lc nh lm cho ng c quay nhanh.
105
Mc lc
Trang
Li m u .................................................................................................................................1
Chng 1: H thng cn bng nh lng ..................................................................................3
1.1. Khi nim ............................................................................................................................4 1.2. Cu to ca cn bng nh lng .....................................................................................5 1.3. T bo cn o trng lng ................................................................................................6
1.3.1. Nguyn l t bo cn s SST ..........................................................................................6 1.3.2. Nguyn l t bo cn Tenzomet ......................................................................................7 1.3.3. Chun b ..........................................................................................................................8
1.4. Nguyn l tnh lu lng ca cn bng nh lng ........................................................9

1.4.1. Nguyn l tnh lu lng ................................................................................................9 1.4.2. o trng lng liu trn bng ti ..................................................................................10
1.5. Khi qut v iu chnh cp liu cho cn bng .............................................................10

Chng 2: Thit k ng lc cho cn bng nh lng c cng sut 40 - 60T/h .....................12
2.1. Hot ng ca cn bng ..................................................................................................13

2.1.1. Cu trc iu khin cn .................................................................................................14 2.1.2. Thng s k thut ca cn.............................................................................................14
2.2. Tnh trn cng sut ng c cho bng cn ....................................................................15

2.2.1. S cu trc h truyn ng.......................................................................................15 106

2.2.2. Tnh trn cng sut ng c..........................................................................................16
2.3. Tnh trn loadcell .............................................................................................................17

2.2.3. Tnh trn bin tn .........................................................................................................18 Chng 3: Xy dng cu trc h iu chnh ............................................................................19
3.1. Cu trc h iu chnh.....................................................................................................20 3.2. H iu chnh tc ng c khng ng b dng bin tn .......................................20

3.2.1. Khi qut v ng c khng ng b ...........................................................................20 3.2.2. iu chnh tn s ng c bng bin tn ......................................................................23
3.3. Bin tn cng nghip TOSHIBA.....................................................................................26

3.3.1. Mch lc ca bin tn ...................................................................................................26 3.3.2. Chc nng cc cc ca mch iu khin ......................................................................27 3.3.3. Bn phm v mn hnh hin th .....................................................................................29 3.3.4. Tiu chun kt ni .........................................................................................................31 3.3.5. Phn mm thuyt minh .................................................................................................32
3.4. Cu trc ca Loadcell v b khuch i ........................................................................66

3.4.1. Cu trc ca loadcell .....................................................................................................66 3.4.2. B khuch i................................................................................................................68
3.5. B vi iu khin ................................................................................................................70 3.6. Tng hp b iu chnh lu lng .................................................................................70

3.6.1. S cu trc................................................................................................................70 2.6.2. Xc nh thng s b iu chnh ...................................................................................72 Chng 4: M phng Matlab & Simulink ................................................................................73
107

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GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

Vi ti Nghin cu h thng cn bng nh lng trong nh my sn xut xi mng l ng.

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

Gim c Ph trach chung

Hnh 1.1 S t chc cng ty xi mng Tin Sn

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

Nghin liu s 1 + 2 Ht th Phn ly s 1 + 2

Trn m 1+2 A Thch cao Ph gia

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

H thng cn bng nh lng s 3+4

Nghin xi s 3+4 Ht th Phn ly s 3+4

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

S Giao thc truyn tin ni tip

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

2.3.2. Nguyn l t bo cn Tenzomet:

150 250 300

150% ti nh mc < 0.015% -10 40 -10 15

Trng lng tng trn bng l lc Fc(N) c o bi h thng cn trng lng v ,

Hnh 2.3. S cu trc ca mt h thng

T s truyn gia bng rng 1 v 2:

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC i=

- Cng sut ng c truyn ng:

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

Hnh 3.1: S cu trc h thng cn bng nh lng.

3P 2 = const 2(2 ) 2 * Ln M th = a 3U 12 f12

f1 > f1m f12

f1m F13 F14 M f1 < f1m

Hnh 3.2. c tnh c khi thay i tn s ng c khng ng b

T thng mc vng ca cc dy qun

Hnh 3.3. S mch lc b bin tn ngun p dng Tranzitor

Dng phng php PWM ta c gin in th v in p pha A nh sau:

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

Hnh 3.4 Phng php PWM

Hnh 3.5 Xc nh kh nng qu ti v mmen

Nu b qua in tr ca dy qun stato Rs = 0 th t biu thc mmen in t ca ng c : (3.15) M = M.Mth

C th tnh c mmen ti hn nh sau: (3.16) Mth =

iu kin gi h s qu ti khng i l: (3.17) M =

Thay th (3.16) vo (3.17) v rt gn ta c: (3.3.18)

c tnh c gn ng ca cc my sn xut (ph ti) c th vit nh sau:

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC (3.19) Mc = Mm (

3.2.7. Cu trc h thng cung cp in cho h cn:

3.3. Tnh chn cng sut ng c cho bng cn:

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC 3.3.1. S cu trc h truyn ng:

Bnh rng 2 Hp gim tc i1 n 2 Bnh rng 1 ng c n

Hnh 3.7: S cu trc h truyn ng

Cho bit cc thng s: Tc ng c : nd : 970 v/p 2 : 0,8

T s truyn gia bng rng 1 v 2 i= Tc ca bng truyn :V=1m/s Tm tc gc ca ng c: (3.20)

Tc ca bnh rng 2(tc ca puly ch ng) 2 (3.21)

1 = 0,99Rad/s 3,14 * 0,32

Trong D l ng knh bnh rng 2 : D=0,32m Tc ca bnh rng 1 : 1 (3.22)

T s truyn gia puly v ng c:

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC (3.24) i2 =

2.3.2. Tnh chn cng sut ng c: (3.25) P1 =

L chiu di ca bng L=2,8m (3.27)

g- gia tc trng trng g=9,8m/S (3.28) (3.29) F1= 2,8*9,8*16,6=455,6 N P1 =

GII THIU V B IU KHIN PLC

Hnh 3.8: cu trc cu cn bng m men lc

y LoadCell v trng c ni cng vi nhau nn coi a1=a2=1 (3.32) F0 = (*)

khi vt liu c truyn ti trn 1 n v chiu di l (3.33) =

L1 * g thay vo phng trnh (* ) 2

g- gia tc trng trng g=9,8m/S (3.28) (3.29) F1= 2,89,816,6=455,6 N P1 =