BO CO MY IN THIT B IN

TI: S V MCH iU KHIN CA CC B BiN TN GIN TiP

I. B BIN TN GIN TIP

1/ Khi nim B bin tn gin tip l b bin i ngun in xoay chiu c V1, f1 l hng s thnh ngun in xoay chiu c Vr, fr thay i, qua khu trung gian mt chiu. Tn s u ra c xc nh bi nhp ng m ca cc thit b nghch lu. 2/Cc khu c bn Thit b bin tn gin tip gm ba khu c bn + Khu chnh lu: bin i ngun xoay chiu sang mt chiu. + B lc; gim bt nhp nh ca p v dng u ra ca b chnh lu. + Khu nghch lu: bin i in p mt chiu t vo ng c. Thit b nghch lu c th l Thyristor hoc Transitor cng sut.

S b bin tn gin tip

Do tnh cht khc nhau ca cc khu trung gian ta c hai loi bin tn l bin tn p v bin tn dng.

3/Bin tn p: a>Bin tn p dng Thyristor Nhm chnh lu gm 6 Thyristor T7 n T12 va lm chc nng bin i dng in p t xoay chiu thnh mt chiu va c nhim v iu chnh gi tr in p V0. B lc phng gm c cc cun khng K v t C0. Phn chnh lu ca nhm nghch lu l cc Thyristor T1 n T6. Chng c m theo th t T1-T2-T3-T4T5-T6. Cch nhau 1/6 chu k p ra. Nh vy ti mi thi im c hai Thyristor m, mt ni vi cc dng v mt ni vi cc m ca in p V0.

S nguyn l b bin tn gin tip dng Thyristor

Kt qu in p dy u ra a vo ng c c dng nh sau:

in p u ra b bin tn gin tip

Bang cach thay oi khoang thi gian m Thyristor ta thay oi c thi gian chu ky cua ien ap ra, ngha la ieu chnh c tan so ra. e chuyen mach gia cac Thyristor ngi ta dung cac tu C1-C6. Cac diode D1-D6 ngan tac dung cua cac tu chuyen mach vi phu tai, lam cho ap tren tai khong b anh hng bi s phong nap cua tu. Cac diode D7-D12 tao mot cau ngc, co tac dung m ng cho dong ien phan khang t pha ong c chay ve tu C0. Dong ien nay xuat hien do s lech pha gia dong va ap ong c. T C0 co nhiem vu cha nang lng phan khang v ong v la mot tai n gian oi vi bo nghch lu ma co tac ong mot cach khac nhau vi tng ieu hoa cua dang song ien ap. e duy tr t thong toi u trong ong c khong ong bo can gi t so ien ap/tan so=const.Bien thien tan so au ra cua bo nghch lu phai co bien thien ap.

e gi c quan he ien ap/tan so=const, ta co the ap dung phng phap ieu che be rong xung. Hoat ong mach nh sau: Trong chu ky cua ien ap ra ta ong cat Thyristor mot so lan nhat nh gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap ra phu thuoc vao ty so thi gian ong m. Trang thai mot tng ng vi tat ca hai Thyristor T1va T2 cung dan. Dong ien i t nguon qua T1 va T2 pha a va pha c, ien ap Vac=V0. Neu ta cho T2 ngng dan th luc o dong tai qua T1,D5va Vac=0. Neu cho T1 ngng dan T2 dan th dong tai qua T2 va D4, Vac=0. Neu T1 va T2 ngng dan. Dong ien tai se qua D5, D4 va ngc chieu nguon ien Vac=-V0. Khi T1 va T2 cung dan nang lng c a t nguon mot chieu vao tai. Khi T1, T2 ngng dan nang lng t tai c a tr lai nguon con khi co moat Thyristor dan th gia nguon va tai khong co trao oi nang lng.

e tang toc o va hieu qua oi chieu cua bo nghch lu va khong can en bo chuyen mach phu nh dung Thyristor thong thng. Ngi ta dung Thyristor khoa bang cc khien (GTO) trong khau nghch lu cua bo bien tan co ieu che be rong xung.

Bien tan ieu che be rong xung vi cac Thyristor khoa bang cc khien.

Dang song ien hnh khi co bo ieu che be rong xung. Cac dang song dong ien cho thay ro viec giam cac ieu hoa dong ien, so vi dang song nhan c cua bo nghch lu co dang song gan nh ch nhat.

Cac dang song cua bo nghch lu ba pha co ieu che o rong xung.

b>Bin tn p dung Transitor

V phng din iu khin ng c, nhng nhn xt v cng sut ca b nghch lu dng Transitor cng ging nh i vi b nghch lu dng Thyristor. Cc Transitor lm vic ch dch chuyn mch, cho song u ra gn nh l hnh ch nht. Transitor T ng vai tro nh mt b iu chnh in p mt chiu iu khin in p lin lc. Tn s ng ct c th ln hn v cc thnh phn b lc nh hn so vi trng hp dng Thyristor. iu ch b rng xung cho php loi b Transitor ny. Cc Thyristor Th1 v Th2 c nhim v bo v ngn mch, hay n bo v cho Transitor khi c dng qu ln trong b nghch lu, lc ny Thyristor c mi, ngn mch b nghch lu v tc ng thit b bo v. Ngi ta c th kha tt c Transitor bng cch kh cc tc ng ln cc gc ca n loi tr s c.

u in ca Transitor so vi Thyristor l b c chuyn mch cng bc,cc tn hao i chiu nh hn cng c kh nng cho b nghch lu lm vic ti tn s cao hn. Khuyt im ca n l i hi lin tc tc ng vo cc gc trong chu k dn ca Transitor, nhng nu dng s Darlington c th c h s khuch i dng in ti 400. Mt khuyt im khc l in p nh mc hi thp hn in p nh mc Thyristor. B bin tn gin tip c di iu tn rng, tn s ra fr c th ln hn hoc nh hn tn s vo f1, do c th iu chnh v cp c. Vic iu chnh Vr, fr c dng bc thang nn gy ra cc sng hi bc cao v vy khi lm vic ng c s sinh ra t trng c tn s cao to ra trong ng c mt h thng dng in, moment c hi t nng ng c lm tng tn hao st v lm gim tnh n nh ng c.

4/ Bin tn dng a>Bin tn dng dng Thyristor Cu chnh lu iu khin gm 6 Thyristor T7 n T12 cu bin tn gm 6 Thyristor T1 n T6. Mi Thyristor c ni tip qua mt Diode v trong mi ca cu c 3 t in. Cu chnh lu thng qua in cm K san bng cung cp cho cu bin tn dng in Id. mi thi im c hai Thyristor dn in, cc Thyristor c iu khin m theo th t 1,2,,6, mi Thyristor dn trong khong 1200.

S nguyn l

Dng sng dng in v in p ra trn mt pha Dng in ra c dng gn nh bc thang. in p ra c dng nh hnh sin nhng mang cc nh nhn ti cc thi im chuyn mch.

Ta bit rng cc Diode ni ngc b nghch lu p ngn cn in p lin lc mt chiu i cc tnh v cho dng in ngc chy qua. Khi vt qu tc c th ng c tr thnh my pht. Do i cc tnh in p gc m c th lm b bin tn lm vic ch nghch lu v tr nng lng v ngun. Dng sng dng in hnh bc thang gy kh khn khi lm vic tc rt thp. Cun dy lin lc mt chiu ngn cn bin thin t ngt ca dng in. Mt u im khc ca b nghch lu dng l ngn mch u cc ng c khng gy h hng b nghch lu v dng in c xu hng gi khng i.

b>Bin tn dng dng Transitor

Bo nghch lu dong Transistor cung s dung 6 Transistor va 6 diode. Nhng trong s o nghch lu dong cac diode c mac noi tiep vi cac Transistor va cac diode nay co nhiem vu ngan dong ngc bao ve cho tat ca cac transistor. Phng phap ieu chnh toc o bang bien tan dong gian tiep dung cac Thyristor thong thng vi chuyen mach n gian ch co tu ien ngan mach tc thi au ra khong gay anh hng g nh cuon day lien lac ngan tat ca cac ot bien cua dong ien va tai sinh tng oi de dang, co kha nang cung cap cho nhieu ong c lam viec song song co hieu suat cao. Viec dung ngay cang nhieu cac Thyristor khoa bang cc khien hay Transistor cong suat trong cac bo nghch lu ap chng to rang bo nghch lu dong khong c s dung rong rai vi truyen ong cong suat nho v gay ra moment va va ap ln, cac cuon day co kch thc ln va viec ieu chnh toc o kho.

B. CC NG DNG CA B BIN TN GIN TIP

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Cam n cac ban a chu y theo doi! Good luck to you