54111492 tai liệu khuon mẫu tiếng việt

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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com
Cc kiu khun Chng ny trnh by cc kiu khun ch yu v cc phng php to hnh. Khun l mt dn c lm bng kim loi sn xut sn phm nhanh hn, r hn v n nh hn. C rt nhiu kiu khun c cc sn phm khc nhau. Sau y l cc loi khun ch yu. V d, khun bnh quy chng hn
KHUN C c cc chi tit bng cch rt kim loi nng chy vo lng khun.
(1) Lp rp (2)Rt kim loi lng (3) M khun sau khi c lm ngui khun Cc sn phm in hnh Thn ng c, b phn phi, c x, bnh xe, nhng pho tng nh
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RN DP To hnh bng cch dp vt liu trong khun dp.
(1) Cp liu (2) Dp s b (3) Dp ln cui (4)Hon thnh Cc sn phm in hnh Cc sn phm cn bn cao nh l trc khuu, tay bin, hoc khp ni. Ni dung c th: Phng php rn vt liu c nung nng trc c gi l rn nng. Ngoi ra, phng php dp vt liu m khng cn nung n ln c gi l dp ngui: Dp ngui c s dng dp vt liu mm nh nhm chng hn. KHUN P Dp bng cch p mt tm p vo lng khun (Thng dng vi kim loi tm).
(1) Cp liu Cc sn phm in hnh
(2) p khun
(3)Hon thnh
Khung thn xe, cnh ca, vnh xe thp, khay bng nhm, ca, cc. Ni dung c th: Cc nguyn cng trn khun p bao gm un to hnh, ct xn (loi b nhng phn khng cn thit), ln vnh g v to hnh nt nhng phn cn li. Mt s b phn c dp thng qua mt vi cng on. Phng php p lin tc c s dng thc hin cc cng on lin tip ny.
KHUN LC
c bng cch nn kim loi lng v phun n vo khun.
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(1) Lp rp khun
(2)Phun kim loi lng nh p lc
(3) m khun v lm ngui
Nhng sn phm in hnh Nhng sn phm bng nhm nh cc b phn ca ng c, cc chi tit chnh xc. KHUN NHA Khun p cht do c s dng c nhng chi tit bng cch nung nng chy vt liu chng hn nh cht do v p vo trong khun. Khun p cht do c s dng cho nhiu phng php khc nhau nh l c phun p, p nha v n. V c phun p ta s hc sau. By gi chng ta s tho lun v cc phng php khc y. Sn phm in hnh Sn phm cht do nh l in gia dng, ni tht t hoc cc sn phm cht do ni chung nh l chai nha. p nha c bng cch t vt liu vo trong khun ri p n.
(1) t vt liu
(2) p, ng khun v nn
(3) M khun
Ni dung c th: By gi chng ta hy xem quy trnh c th Quy trnh t mt lng ph hp vt liu c l bt cht do nhit rn(thermosetting plastics) vo trong khun. ng khun trn v sau nung nng ln v nn khun. Vt liu s mm ra v in y khun. Vt liu ng c hon ton vi nhit v p sut d. M khun v tho chi tit ra nh cht y.
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u im Khi m vt liu c c t vo trong khun, n s khng di chuyn v bin dng ca cc chi tit c th c gim i. Khi m p lc kp khun c p trc tip vo vt liu c, c th t c cc chi ti t chnh xc. Kh ng cn c cng phun, khng hn ch v loi vt liu c( ht nh, bt, vn vn) Bi vy n c s dng c cht do nhit rn. Do kt cu n gin, gi thnh thit b c th gim. Nhc im Nu nung nng khi khun khng ng hon ton hoc p sut ln qu vt liu c c th r qua khun. Nu vt liu c t vo qu nhiu n c th trn ra ngoi. C nhiu bavia c sinh ra
N My n lin tc c hnh thnh bng cch n vt liu (cung cp qua phu) vi mt trc vt. Vt liu s c hnh dng ging tit din ca ra ca thit b.
(1) Cp vt liu vo phu Ni dung c th:
(2) Khuy trn, y ra bng trc vt
(3) Hon thnh
Chng ta hy xem quy trnh c th Quy trnh t vt liu nha vo phu. Do ho n bng cch khuy trn n trong mt trc vt c b gia nhit. n vt liu khun ra bng trc vt qua mt ci l nh nh khun. Kt thc c bng s ngui cng vt c. u im n, thc hin lin tc v c hiu qu. Nhc im Phm vi p dng ca phng php ny ch nhng chi tit c dnh hnh tr hoc mt ct l tr rng.
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C THI c bng cch t vt liu dng ng vo trong khun v thi khng kh vo.
(1) t vt liu dng ng vo khun Ni dung c th:
(2) Thi khng kh
(3) Hon thnh
By gi chng ta hy xem quy trnh c th Quy trnh Ngt mt on vt liu nha t n vo khun hnh ng c hai na ring bit. Thi khng kh nn vo trong vt liu c, lm cho n gin n cho n khi c cng hnh dng vi khun c c chi tit. u im S dng rng ri c cc chai, bnh cha. CCHN KHNG Mt tm vt liu c nung nng v p st vi lng khun nh ht chn khng to hnh chi tit . C th dng c khun lm v khun li.
(1) t vt liu tm
(2) Ht khng
chn
(3) cho khng kh vo li v b chi tit ra
By gi chng ta hy xem quy trnh c th Quy trnh Lm mm mt tm vt liu c l cht do nhit do bng nhit . Ht khng kh ra khi khun qua l thng hi to chn khng lm cho vt liu c ng dng vi khun v mang hnh dng ca n. Cho khng kh vo tr li v b chi tit ra. u im
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V p sut c c th nh hn p sut kh quyn,va, g, cht do nhit rn c th c s dng lm khun. Khun c ln c th c c vi gi thnh tng i thp. Nhc im Phng php ny ni chung khng dng cho cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp. RIM (Reaction Injection Molding) RIM (c p phn ng ) c bng cch trn hai hoc nhiu hn cc vt liu phn ng trong khun.Sn phm ca phn ng l mt cht mi in y khun
C th hn Chng ta hy xem quy trnh c th sau Quy trnh Bm vt liu c bao gm hn hpca cht xc tc v cht kch hot vo trong khun. To ra polyme trong khun. u im Phng php c ny yu cu p sut thp hn c phun p thng thng, nhm hoc vt liu si c s dng. Nhng khun c ln v hnh dng phc tp c th lm c. Nhc im C th sinh ra kh, n nn khng kh cn li trong khun, c th gy chy. Chu k c ko di
FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) Molding FRP(c cht do c si tng cng) S dng si thu tinh hoc si cacbon nh l cht gia cng. C loi c kiu ny_SMC (c tm ) v phng php c th cng c bng cch trn hai hoc nhiu hn cc vt liu phn ng trong khun.Sn phm ca phn ng l mt cht mi in y khun.
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C th hn Chng ta hy xem quy trnh c th Phng php c tm SMC Quy trnh t vt liu tm c m si c cun bng polyeste vo trong khun.Nn vt liu bng nhit v p sut. u im dy ng u v nhng phn phc tp c th c c.Ngoi ra, c hai b mt ca chi tit u c lm nhn bng. Phng php th cng Quy trnh t vt liu m dng si theo hnh dng ca khun.Tri nha lng ln trn v cng li nhit phng. u im Phng php ny c nhng chi tit bng cht do c si gia cng c kch c tng i ln. Khng cn n my mc thit b Nhc im Lm bng tay, kh lm c dy ng u, chu k c qu di.
C P CHUYN Lm mm vt liu bng nhit trong lng khun v sau n n vo trong lng khun.
(1) Lm do vt liu trong khoang nung
(2)y vo khun
(3) M khun
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C th hn Chng ta hy xem quy trnh c th Quy trnh Lm mm vt liu c trong khoang nung n nha lm mm vo khun bng p lc ng cng nha nng chy M khun v ly chi tit ra. u im Quy trnh c tng t nh c phun p, tuy nhin c p chuyn cn nhit ca vt liu c trong khoang nung lm nng chy n thnh nha nng chy. S dng rng ri cho vic c cht do nhit rn. c p chuyn pht trin c cc chi tit m kh c bng c p lc. Nhng hin ti c s dng cho mt s loi chi tit nht nh. Tt nht l s dng to ra mt hnh dng phc tp hoc l sn phm c dy. Nhc im Gi thnh sn xut ca khun cao. c phun p (Injection Molding) Chng ny trnh by qu trnh p, cc u nhc im cng nh hot ng ca b khun p phun.
Phun p l mt trong nhng phng php ch yu c nha. N c s dng rng ri c cc sn phm khc nhau v n c kh nng to ra nhng sn phm cht lng cao, gi thnh h v thi gian phun ngn. Khun p nha l mt h thng dng nh hnh ra mt sn phm nha. N c thit k sao cho c th s dng cho mt s lng chu trnh sn xut nht nh. Kch thc v kt cu ca khun ph thuc v o kch thc v hnh dng sn phm. Tu thuc v o s lng v phc tp ca sn phm yu cu m kt cu ca khun c th n gin hay phc tp. Khun gm nhiu chi tit lp vi nhau, nha c phun v o, c l m ngui nh hnh sn phm ri y sn phm ra. Sn phm c to hnh gia hai phn ca khun. Khong trng gia hai phn c in y nha mang hnh dng ca sn phm. c bng cch phun vt liu vo lng khun.
(1) Lm nng chy vt liu trong xi lanh.
(2) Phun vt liu vo khun
(3) Lm ngui v tho chi tit ra.
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Quy trnh: Nha c nung nng v trn u nh vt ti trong xi lanh c gia nhit v n s c do ha v nhit tr thnh nha nng chy Phun nha nng chy t xi lanh gia nhit vo khun vi p lc cao. Lm ngui ng rn nha nng chy trong khun. y sn phm ra khi khun nh cc cht y. u im: C th c hu ht cc nha nhit do v mt s nha nhit rn. C th c cc chi tit c cht lng cao, gi thnh h v thi gian phun ngn. Chu trnh c c th c t ng ha. Cu trc ca khun c th c thay i ty theo hnh dng hoc vt liu ca chi tit. Nhc im: Nu lng vt liu c khng c cp chnh xc th c th gy ra khuyt tt c. Cc sn phm chnh: Cc sn phm nha nh gia dng, ni tht t Chng ta hy xem xt c th v hot ng v vai tr ca phng php c phun dng my kiu vt ti.
ng khun, kp khun. Khi ng khun, trc tin ta ng vi p lc nh v sau ch dng vi p lc ln trc khi hon thnh ng khun chc chn. Ni dung c th: Nu khun c ng qu nhanh, n c th b bin dng; v vy qu trnh kp khun c 2 bc. Kp khun 2 bc cng hn ch cc nguyn nhn i khi c th lm hng khun nu kp khun p lc cao.
t hng phun Khi khun c kp xong, xilanh phun s di chuyn sao cho u rt (sprue bush) ca khun tip xc vi hng phun (nozzle).
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Sau nha nng chy s c phun vo khun. C th l: p sut c dng phun nha nng chy vo khun c gi l p sut ban u.
Duy tr p lc, lm ngui, lm nng chy nha. Ngay c sau khi nha nng chy c phun vo khun, vic gi p lc vn c duy tr n khi nha nng chy ngui trong khun. Trong khi nha nng chy ang c lm ngui v ng c (solidified) trong khun, vt liu nng chy cho ln c tip theo s c lm chy do (plasticated). Vic lm chy do ny c thc hin nh nhit sinh ra trong khi trn nha nh vt ti v b phn gia nhit c gn xung quanh xilanh. C th l: p lc duy tr cn c gi l p lc th hai. N c s dng b xung thm nha nng chy bng cch tip tc p nha nng chy vo lng khun in y, b cho lng co ngt (shrinkage) trong qu trnh cng ngui, nh vy c th gim vt lm (sink mark) trn vt c.
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Li hng phun, m khun, tho chi tit Khi thc hin xong vic lm chy do vt liu c cho chi tit tip theo v lm ngui chi tit va c, xi lanh c tch khi khun v khun c m ra. Khi khun m ht, chi tit s c y ra nh cc cht y. Kt thc ton b chu k p phun.
Hng phun c th c gi nguyn gim chu k c (molding cycle.)
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Kt Cu ca khun
I. Kt cu khun c bn 1.1. Nhng b phn chnh ca khun: Trong cc loi khun nha, kt cu khun dng trong p to hnh, n to hnh, phun to hnh th phn quan trng nht trc ht l vng lng khun bo m in y vt liu c c sn phm to hnh nh mong mun. Ly lng khun lm trung tm, khun c to thnh t nhng chi tit vng lng khun, c thm thit b y sn phm ra khi khun, b phn gia nhit, b phn g lp khun trn my v cc trang thit b khc. Ngoi cc b phn nu trn khun to hnh n v phun, cn c thm b phn dn vt liu nng chy vo lng khun nh u rt, rnh dn, cng phn phi. V c bn c 6 b phn sau: a) Vng lng khun. b) B phn dn vt liu ( khun to hnh n v phun). c) Thit b y, ly sn phm. d) B phn iu tit nhit khun (b phn thc hin gia nhit hoc lm ngui). e) B phn g lp khun vo my. f) Cc chi tit khun c s. Trong , vng lng khun l vng trc tip to kch thc v hnh dng sm phm, n c hnh thnh t hc khun v li khun. Thng thng kt hp hai ci gi l lng khun (cavity). V hnh dng lng khun, chnh xc kch thc v trng thi b mt ca n c nh hng rt ln n cht lng sn phm, nn lng khun l b phn quan trng nht. Cu to vng lng khun c quan h mt thit vi rnh dn vt liu v ty theo cc phng php to hnh p nha, c p chuyn (tranfer) v p phun m khun c kt cu c th khc nhau. 1.2. Khun p nha p nha l phng php to hnh i din cho nha nhit rn. Ngoi ra, n l c s cho nhiu phng php to hnh khc v khun dng khi p nha c kt cu khun c bn cho cc phng php to hnh khc. Kt cu khun p nha c im khc nhau ty theo hnh dng sn phm, vt liu to hnh s dng v chng loi my p. Nhng cng c th chia thnh 4 loi nh sau: A. Khun h. B. C. D. Khun kn. Khun na kn na h. Khun ghp (split mould).
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Khun h
Khun trn Mp ct bavia Sn phm Khun di(lng khun)
Khun kn
Khun trn Mp ct Khun di
Khun na kn na h
Hnh 2.1 1) Khun h.
Khun trn Mp ct Khun di
l khun n gin nht trong s khun p nha, nh hnh (2a). Khun ny c hnh thnh t hai b phn khun trn v khun di. Na khun trn l b phn khun c gi l li khun (core), cn na khun di l b phn khun ci, gi l hc khun (cavity). ton b khun vo gia tm gia nhit, va gia nhit va vt liu dng bt vo lng khun, t p vo na khun trn. Khi , do p lc, vt liu tha trong lng khun s chy t thnh mp ct khun thnh bavia. Tuy nhin, ni chung kh t c chnh xc kch thc do c chiu dy ca bavia, hn na loi b bavia cn c mt s nguyn cng sau . V li, trong trng hp vt liu to hnh c vy bavia n vi, giy hay si asbest ln th c nhc im l kh bo m lc to hnh, cng nh kh in y vt liu.
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Tm pha c nh Tm gia nhit pha c nh Tm khun Tm y sn phm Vt h m Li Tm khun pha di ng Lng khun Tm gia nhit pha di ng Tm gi Tm y pha trn Tm y pha di Tm pha c nh
Hnh 2.2 Hnh 2.2 biu th kt cu thc t ca khun kiu p phng. Trn hnh v, khi m khun, sn phm tch khi khun di v mc vo khun trn, v ngi ta dng tm g y sn phm ri xung. Khun kiu ny dng ch to chi tit c hnh phng v tng i n gin nh hnh a, bt, nt cng tc. Nu ch to khun ph hp v lng vt liu a vo chnh xc th cng c th p sn phm ln. Kt cu khun to hnh bng cch phun hoc p chuyn (tranfer) m s ni sau cng thuc kt cu khun kiu ny. 2) Khun kn Nh hnh 2.1b, l khun c cu to nh kt hp gia xilanh v piston. p lc t na khun trn nn c tc ng trc tip i vi vt liu to hnh, chnh l c trng ca khun. Khun loi ny, c th p sn phm to hnh n gin vi vt liu c n vi hay si amiang m khun p phng kh thc hin. Hn na, khun ny cng c th cho hnh dng sn phm c chnh xc cao nht. Tuy nhin loi ny c nhc im l hu nh vt liu nng chy khng thot ra ngoi c, nu khng m bo lng vt liu chnh xc th kh t chnh xc theo chu su sn phm. Ngoi ra khun d b nghing i mi ghp gia khun trn v khun di nn chiu dy sn phm s b lch, khun d b xc v in vt ln sn phm.
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3)Khun na kn na h Khun ny, nh hnh 2.1c, l khun tng hp gia khun p phng v khun p chm v c s dng nh l khun p chm na u hnh trnh p, nhng phn sau lm vic nh khun p phng. Khun trn v di c bng b phn p. Vt liu tha chy ra t lng khun s c ct t b phn g ny.
Hnh 2.3 3) Khun ghp Hnh 2.4
Sn phm Li gia Rm ghp
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2. sn phm c vai nh l li cun dy in, th ngi ta dng kt cu khun m, hnh 2.4a. Hn na, sn phm c vng ct ngang (under cut), nh l mt bn trn hnh 2.4b, th coi vng ct ngang nh l chi tit khun c bit v c th s dng khun c kt cu li trt vi kh nng chuyn ng ngang khi ng m khun. Khun to hnh bng cch p chuyn (transfer) Phng php to hnh ny s dng my p p lc thng thng nh hnh 2.5, p lc tc ng phun vt liu dng chy lng vo lng khun. Nhn chung, kt cu khun n gin v cng c u im l thit b r tin. Trong trng hp s lng sn xut t, cng c th p dng hnh thc ny. Nhng
piston Piston
u rt Tm trn Tm di
Cht dn hng Sn phm
di
trng hp sn lng nhiu hoc kch thc chi tit ln, ta c nh chy piston vo bn my p p lc (bn c nh) v lp ng piston vo tm trung gian, v c nh phn lng khun vo bn di ng.
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Kt cu ca khun p phun Trong phn n y chng ta s hc v khun 2 tm, khun 3 tm v khun khng r nh dn Cu trc c bn ca khun c xc nh ty thuc nhiu yu t nh: hnh dng vt c, s lng sn phm, vt liu ca vt c hoc l v tr ca rt. Cu trc ca khun c phn loi theo khun 2 tm, khun 3 tm, khun khng d nh dn v khun c bit, mi loi c c im ring.
Khun 2 tm Khun 2 tm c 1 ng phn khun parting line (PL: where the mold divides) ng n y chia khun th nh 2 phn: c nh v di ng u im: Cu trc n gin hn l khun 3 tm hoc khun khng r nh dn. Gi th nh khun c th gim. H thng rt bao gm cng phn phi (ming phun) cnh (side gate), v cng phn phi trc tip (direct gate), cng phn phi ngm (submarine gate), v trc tip thng s dng nhiu hn. Vi ca rt ngm, ta c th tch chi tit khi r nh dn (bao gm u rt v cng phn phi), nh vy khng cn c bc ct b n sau khi c (ta s hc tng b phn ca r nh dn trong h thng r nh "Runner System"). Nhc im: Cng phn phi cnh v cng phn phi trc tip cn phi loi b r nh dn, nn chng kh t ng ha v khng tit kim.
(Click each name in the figure to display the explanation.) Cm u rt r nh dn v cng phn phi: S lin h vi nh l biu din hnh di, chng c nh du ring.
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Tuy nhin vic x l r nh dn bao gm c vic loi b u rt v cng phn phi. u rt: l li v o, ni m nha nng c phun v o khun. R nh dn: knh chuyn nha nng ti chi tit. Cng phn phi: l ming phun nha v o chi tit t r nh dn.
Ch thch 1. Tm kp pha trc. 3. Tm khun sau. 5. Tm . 2. Tm khun trc.. 4. Tm kp pha sau. 6. Khi .
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8. Tm y. 10. Cht dn hng. 12. Bc m rng. 14. Cht hi v. 16. Bc dn hng cht. 18. Bc cung phun.
7. Tm gi. 9. Vng nh v. 11. Bc dn hng. 13. B nh v. 15. Cht y. 17. Cht .
Khun 3 tm Khun 3 tm c 2 ng phn khun parting lines (PL: where the mold divides) mt tho r nh dn v mt tho chi tit, n gm 3 phn: tm c nh, tm di chuyn v tm dng tho khun. u im: Chi ti t v r nh dn c th t ng tch ring ra, n d t ng ha v c p dng rng r i trong dng sn xu t ln. Nhc im: Cu trc phc tp hn khun 2 tm. Gi thnh khun cng cao hn.
(Click each name in the figure to display the explanation.) Khun khng rnh dn 1. Khi nim. Khun khng r nh dn l khun c t b gia nhit v o vng u rt hoc r nh dn, l m cho vt liu lun trng thi lu ng, khng ng cng. khun 2 tm v khun 3 tm cn tho cc chi tit v r nh dn (runners), khun khng r nh dn ch cn tho chi tit li r nh dn trong khun. C 4 kiu ch yu: - Kiu hng phun ko d i (Extention Nozzle) - Kiu ging (Well Type)
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- Kiu r nh dn cch ly (Insulated Runner) - Kiu r nh dn nng (Hot Runner) ( c dng nhiu nht) Trong hai kiu u l loi khng c u rt nn cng gi l khng r nh dn. Cn hai kiu sau mi thc s l khun khng r nh dn. u im: Do r nh dn khng c ly ra m ch c phn chi tit c tho ra nn khng cn c b phn tho r nh dn. Khng phi loi b r nh dn. u rt hoc r nh dn lun c nung nng bi b gia nhit, do nha nng chy in y tt. N ph hp cho qu trnh t ng ha v c hiu qu cao khi sn xut vi sn lng ln; Nhc im: Kt cu khun phc tp. Gi thnh khun cao. Np liu mt nhiu thi gian.
(Click each name in the figure to display the explanation.) Cch c p nhit cho vt liu c lm nng chy vt liu (molding material), nha thng c lm chy do (plastication) trong xi lanh phun. Tuy nhin khun khng r nh dn p dng phng php r nh dn nng, n lm tan chy vt liu bng b gia nhit. C 2 kiu lm r nh dn nng: kiu nung nng bn trong dng nung nng vt liu t ch hng phun ph, v kiu nung nng t bn ngoi nung nng vt liu t ngoi hng phun ph nh sau:
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Kiu nung nng trong Hiu sut nhit cao. Cn tr dng chy nhiu. Kh thay i m u (do cn lp ng cng bn trong) Kiu nung nng ngo i C hai kiu sau Hiu sut nhit cao. It cn tr dng chy.
iu kin thch hp ca vt liu ca khun r nh dn nng nh sau: - Khng nhy cm vi nhit , n nh nhit cao v d c nhit thp - Khng nhy cm vi p sut, c phun phi c lm nhit thp. - Nhit lm bin dng nhit cao c th nhanh chng ly vt c ra. - dn nhit cao. - Nhit dung ring thp. Chc nng ca cc b phn chnh Trong phn ny chng ta s gii thiu tn gi, chc nng ca cc b phn chnh ca khun p nha.
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Cc b phn chnh Tm khun trc (thng l tm hc): L phn c nh ca khun, thng to th nh phn ngo i ca sn phm. Tm khun sau (thng l tm li): L phn chuyn ng ca khun, thng to nn phn trong ca sn phm.
H thng y Chc nng ca h thng y l ly sn phm ra sau khi khun m. Do vt liu do u b co li khi chuyn t trng thi lng sang rn trong qu trnh l m ngui nn sn phm to th nh s b li trn li. y l thc t thng xy ra do cn c bin php cc sn phm t ri khi khun. Vi cc khun thng thng c th dng mt cht hi v mt l xo, cn i vi cc khun c ln ngi ta c th dng cht hi c l xo kh nn Hnh v sau minh ha mt v d ca khun c ln.
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Khun c s Tm kp pha trc: C tc dng kp phn c nh ca khun v o my p phun. Tm kp pha sau: Kp phn chuyn ng ca khun v o phn chuyn ng ca my p phun.
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Li trt Chng ta s gii thiu tn goi v chc nng ca cc b phn chnh ca mt li trt (slide core).
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Li ni lng C loi c cn y nghing theo hnh 2D, c loi nghing theo hnh 3D
Click each name to display the explanation. < Cn y nghing theo hnh 2D > Loi ny d ch to l dn hng cn y trong khun hn loi 3D, rnh lp bc lt c lm ngay trong khun. < Cn y nghing theo hnh 3D > Loi ny kh ch to l dn hng cn y trong khun hn loi 2D, rnh lp bc lt c lm tch ri khi khun
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2-Dimensional direction
3-Dimensional Direction
Trnh t cc chuyn ng m khun Trong chng ny chng ta s m phng tng bc chuyn ng m khun bng hnh nh. Xem "Chc nng cc b phn_ X l phn ct ngang" M khun
OptionButton1 Nha nng chy in y khun, khi ngui v ng c hon ton khun bt u m tng dn bc.
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Nu c phn ct ngang trn chi tit, n s gii quyt ngay lc ny nh cht xin angular pin v li trt slide core
Nu gc nghing ca li trt khng ln hn gc nghing ca cht xin th s c va chm khi m khun hoc khng chn c khi trt. Nn ly : = + gc h (gc h = 2 n 5 , tuy nhin, M hon ton 20 )
Sau khi cht xin ra ht khi li trt, khun m nhanh. Li trt phi c phi v tr c ra ht khi phn ct ngang.
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B phn y bt uTm y i ln
Tm y y cc cht y v li ni lng nh cn y ca khun v sn phm t t ri ra. Cn c bit ch xem c cc gn hay vu li trn hnh trnh ca tho lng khng. iu c th lm li tho lng b vng, khng th di chuyn c theo yu cu.
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y chi tit xong. . . Tm y ht hnh trnh
Khi tm y i ht hnh trnh, li tho lng phi di chuyn v pha c th tho sn phm ra c. Phi ch n vn sau y khi x l phn ct ngang bng li ni lng. Nu li ni lng khng di chuyn v pha trong sn phm c th tho ra c th s khng ly c sn phm ra.
Thng ta ly : A =B + (3 -- 5) mm
B : di phn ct ngang
phi l:
Ngoi ra, nu hnh trnh y ca sn phm l h, gc nghing ca cn y slide rod
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= (A/h)
Ch ng cho li ni lng chm vo cc b phn khc khi n c y ra ht hnh trnh.
Bt u ng . . . khun ang ng
Sn phm c tho ra v khun bt u ng. Khi cht hi p vo tm hc, khong h gia cht y v tm hc phi ln hn dy ca sn phm.
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Khun ng hon ton
Cht hi chm vo tm hc, mang tm y xung v ko theo cht y v cht ni lng. Lc kp khun tng ln t thp n cao ngay trc khi khun c kp hon ton. iu c th lm hng khun nu khun ang kp vi lc kp ln khi c d vt trong khun.
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Chu k p Chuyn ng ca c chu k
Khun bt u m image\g1-6.gif
Khun ng hon ton
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Hc v li
Trong phn n y, ta s hc v hc v li, cch kiu khi chn v cc gii php cho n, nh v, vt liu, v cc cch s dng khc nhau ph thuc v o s lng sn phm mi ln p.
Trc tin chng ta hc v nha nng chy c phun v o trong khun bng cch n o. Khun c cu to bi hc v li. Hc l ci tm lm. Li l ci tm li. Chng ta thy trc tin l nha do nng c phun v o trong hc. Chnh xc l n c phun v o khong trng gia hc v li
Hc v li Hc v li c phn chia theo phng php l m lin khi v phng php ghp. Phng php n y c quyt nh bi s lng vt c v hnh dng ca n. - Kiu l m lin khi: Hc v li c hnh dng tng t nh chi tit. - Kiu lp ghp: Gm cc chi tit khc nhau c ghp v o khun c hnh dng khun cui cng, n c u im nh: + C th s dng vt liu khc vi vt liu khun ci thin tnh chng m i mn hoc d iu khin nhit trong khun. + Khi khun c hnh dng phc tp kh gia cng trc tip c khun, hoc c nhiu r nh c sp xp th nh h ng, th dng cc tm ghp c gia cng trc s n gin hn. V d: Khi cn mt ch li hoc ng gn (xem hnh a), ngi ta phi gia cng rt nhiu b i tt c vt liu xung quanh n v khi hng rt kh sa cha. Trong hnh b dng ming ghp c qu trnh gia cng v khi hng d thay.
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Hnh a
Hnh b
+ C th thay vt liu ca b phn d b hng bng nhng vt liu c bit, ngo i ra khi sa cha ch cn thay th nhng chi tit b hng. V d: Khi cn cc lng khun cng, khng nn ti cng c mt tm lin c tt c cc lng khun v l m nh vy c th b mo sau khi nhit luyn hoc nu mt trong cc lng khun b hng th phi sa to n b tm. Nu khng th phi bt lng khun li khun tip tc hot ng. Khi dng cc ming ghp ri th mt lng khun c th sa hoc c th nhanh chng thay lng khun d tr. Tm ghp gn v o mt hc c gi l khi chn hc. Tm ghp gn kt vi mt li gi l khi chn li.
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Nhng yu t quyt nh c nn dng khun ghp hay khng. c tnh cakhun Vt liu khun S55C Thp chuyn dng Chi tit n gin L m lin c tnh vt c Chi tit phc tp Hnh dng c bit Dng li chn Li chn, hc chn Li chn, hc chn
Hnh dng sn phm quyt nh nn dng chi tit chn c gn vi hc, li hoc c hai.
Ngo i ra phng php lp ghp n y cng c s dng ch to khi hc v li l vt liu c bit, ph thuc v o vt liu ca vt c. Cc kiu khi chn Khi chn c phn theo cc loi sau: + Dng bch chn: Nu hnh dng ca chi tit l trn xoay th nn s dng bch chn, vic chn n y ch cn 1 g bch ngn cn khi chn khi b trt. Vt l hnh trn xoay th d ch to khi chn hoc khun.
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Ngo i ra, khi s dng tm chn ch nht c th c tip xc vi cnh d i.
Nu H >L., lp ghp theo hng L, nu H < L, theo hng H.
Loi n y thch hp vi cc ming ghp loi nh v va. Nhc im ca n l l m yu khun, nhng c u im l chiu cao ca tm khun v cc ming ghp c th gia cng bng qu trnh m i rt chnh xc. + Dng khi chn: Khi chn thng c s dng khi hnh dng ca chi tit l hnh vung. Khi n y lin kt vi khun bng vt. Loi n y c nhc im l vic to hc rt t v rt kh l m c y l phng v chnh xc. Nhng cch n y c c s lp rp vng v ng nn c dng cho loi khun cn cc ming ghp ln
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To khi chn Khi l m khi chn hoc khun th phi m bo chnh xc kch thc, mi ghp gia khi chn v khun khng c khe h. Nu kch thc khng chnh xc th khi chn khng c tip xc tt vi khun v sn phm s khng p. Vic ghp khi chn v o khun c tin h nh nh sau:
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Vi hc chn:
Vi bch chn:
Khi chn c vt gc khi lp vo khun. Khi chn c vt gc khi lp vo khun. Khi ch to khi chn hoc khun th ti nhng ch c cnh sc phi vt gc. Nhng gc n y c th khng c ch to l gc vung do c gc ln R ca li ct, ngay c khi khi chn hay khun c c ch to ng kch thc. Nu khi chn tip xc vi khun m khng c gc vt th gc s b vng v khi chn khng c t ng v tr . Ngo i ra, khe h ln gia khi chn khun s gy ra ph phm. Do phi bo m tnh cht lp ghp theo yu cu (trong min dung sai ca l v ca trc ) mi lp ghp n y c quy nh theo tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn(JIS). Dung sai lp ghp gia khi chn v khun c biu din bng di y: Dung sai l ( D ) Bnh thng Chnh xc H7 H6 Dung sai trc ( d ) h6 h5
Trong , min dung sai ca l (D) c xc nh c th theo tng c l, min dung sai ca tr (d) c xc nh c th theo tng c trc. Dung sai lp ghp ph thuc v o ng knh ngo i ca l hay ca trc v kiu lp ghp (lp ghp c khe h, lp ghp trung gian hoc lp cht). V tr khi chn
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V tr ca khi chn c xc nh bi s lng chi tit hay loi khi chn. nh v khi chn nh sau: Khi dng bch chn: Khi dng khi chn: Khi dng khi chn:
Gia cng Khi chn c ghp tip trc vi khun, c khi chn v khun cn c ch to chnh xc Lp rp D xc nh v khi chn v o vi khun v chng c ch to chnh xc
Ch to khun c l m vi kch thc ca khi chn cng thm kch thc ca knh dn. Thm ch nu c sai lch v kch thc khun th phng php n y d x l bi v c knh dn (c ch to ring) c s dng iu chnh. Lp ghp Kh nh v khi chn bi v c knh dn tham gia v o chui kch thc lp v sai s kch thc d xy ra.
Ch to khun c ch to d hn v kch thc ca chm c dng iu chnh ngay c khi c sai s v kch thc khun. Lp ghp Do khi chn c ghp th nh b bn ngo i, nn li v tip xc t xut hin, d xc nh v tr ca khi chn
H thng r nh dn:
Trong mc n y, ta s hc v nhng chc nng, c tnh v hnh dng ca u rt, r nh dn v cng phn phi.
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Nguyn liu nha chy v o khun qua h thng cp nha c miu t nh sau (hnh): Nha nng chy c phun t hng phun s i qua u rt (Bc u rt- sprue bush), r nh dn, v cng phn phi in y nha v o lng khun. u rt (cung phun): u rt l knh ni gia hng phun v r nh dn nha, qua nha phun nng chy c chuyn t u phun v o khun. N l mt phn ca bc u rt, mt chi tit ring c lp ghp vi khun. u rt l b phn tip xc vi hng phun ca my to hnh phun dng nhp vt liu vo trong khun t hng phun ca my to hnh phun, ca vo thng c ng knh khong 36 mm, tuy nhin c th phi hp nghing 240 d ko ra khi khun, u kia gn vi rnh dn. Mt tip xc gia u rt vi hng phun d pht sinh vt xc v d mn, ngi ta lp vo y mt b phn gi l bc u rt sprue bush d thay th khi hng Rnh dn: (knh dn nha) R nh dn l on ni gia cung phun v ming phun. N dn nha nng chy v o lng khun Cng phn phi: ( ming phun) Cng phn phi l ca m nha nng chy chy t knh nha v o cc lng khun. Cng phn phi thng c gi kch thc nh nht v c m rng nu cn thit. Nhng cng phn phi ln rt tt cho s chy m ca dng nha. Tuy nhin, tr ngi l phi c thm nguyn cng ct v n li vt ct ln trn sn phm. Cn ch l cng phn phi c ng ngn c ng tt. C th l t 0,8 n 1,5 (mm). V tr ca cng phn phi rt quan trng. Gi s nh iu kin phun khun v thit k sn phm ho n to n ng, nhng v tr ca cng phn phi sai c th to ra mt s khuyt tt khi phun khun.
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Hnh u rt, r nh dn, v cng phn phi s b loi b sau khi ho n th nh sn phm. Tuy nhin, r nh dn v cng phn phi l phn quan trng nh hng n cht lng hoc gi th nh ca chi tit.
Chng ta h y m t c th r nh dn v cng phn phi Rnh dn Khi nha nng chy chm v o khun lnh s nhanh chng b ng li to th nh mt lp v, trong khi phn chnh gia dng chy vn cn l nha nng chy (xem hnh). Lc u lp nha ng li rt mng v th nhit mt i rt nhanh v lp nha c ng d y thm. Sau mt thi gian lp nha ng s t ti d y nht nh th nhit thu c t nha v nhit ma st sinh ra t dng chy s cn bng vi lng nhit mt. Thi im n y t c trng thi cn bng nh trong hnh 21. V nha dn nhit km nn lp v ngo i s ng vai tr l lp cch nhit cho li gia nng chy ca dng nha v gi nhit cho n. Do nguyn liu nha vn c th chy qua li gia trong qu trnh phun. Nu tc phun tng th lp nha ng li s b mng i do nhit ma st sinh ra cao hn. Tng t nh th, nng chy v nhit ca khun s cao l m gim d y ca lp v nha ng c nh hnh 22. c c lp cch nhit bng phng, khng nn gc nhn l m cn tr dng chy. Ngoi ra thng c vng l m ngui chm c t cui ca cung phun v knh nha. iu n y cho php nha nng chy c th chy qua nh trong hnh 26 v hnh 27. Khi trong khun c knh nha d i th vng l m ngui chm l cn thit.
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Hnh
Hnh xc nh r hnh dng, kch thc, v v tr ca r nh dn cn quan tm n cht lng v vt liu cn thit ca sn phm, s lng lng khun, m bo p sut phun (injection pressure) v nhit ca nha nng chy.
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Hnh dng rnh dn.
Knh nha c ng ngn c ng tt nhanh chng in y lng khun m khng b mt nhiu p lc. Kch thc phi nh gim ph liu v lng nha trong lng khun nhng phi ln chuyn mt lng vt liu ng k in y lng khun nhanh v gim s mt p lc knh nha v cc ming phun. Vic la chn tit din r nh dn sao cho s cn dng chy v tn hao nhit l nh nht khi nha lng chy v o lng khun. C ba kiu tit din r nh dn chnh: trn hnh thang hnh ch U
Knh nha trn c a chung v tit in ngang hnh trn s cho php mt lng vt liu ti a chy qua m khng b mt nhiu nhit. Tuy nhin v mc ch ch to khun, loi n y t hn v knh nha phi nm hai bn ca mt phn khun. Knh hnh thang cng c li nhng s phi s dng nhiu vt liu hn. So vi knh nha trn th knh nha hnh thang d gia cng hn v n ch c mt bn mt phn khun. V l do , r nh dn tit din hnh thang hay c dng hn. c bit n cn c s dng khi c b phn trt qua mt phn khun ch c r nh dn. Loi knh hnh ch nht khng nn dng v n c th gy ra nhiu s c. Knh nha hnh bn nguyt v hnh cung l loi ti nht v hin nay t c s dng. Tm li: Tit din ngang ca loi knh tt phi l hnh trn hoc hnh thang. Kch thc tit din ngang ca knh ph thuc v o d y th nh, khi lng sn phm cng nh loi nha s dng. Knh nha phi c thit k in y lng khun ng t l quy nh trnh hin tng khng u dn n s c, b cong vnh. Mun trnh c iu n y cn c s cn bng trong h thng knh nha. Kch c rnh dn
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ln ca rnh dn (din tch tit din) ln th tt vi s chy ca vt liu lng, tuy nhin nu rnh dn ln thi gian lm ngui s di v thi gian chu k to hnh di, do ty theo cc loi vt liu v ln sn phm to hnh ta chn rnh dn cho ph hp. Theo tiu chun, sn phm nh, ng knh rnh dn ly 35 mm, sn phm ln ly khong 610 mm. Tuy nhin, trng hp nha nhit cng v vt liu si thy tinh, cng c th s dng rnh dn ln hn mt cht.
8~10
Hnh thang
Hnh ban nguyet
Hnh trn
Hnh 48 Hnh dng tit din rnh dn
Kch thc rnh dn c xc nh c bn theo nhng ch tiu: 1) B dy ca r nh dn: B dy r nh dn c xc nh c bn trong vt liu v hnh dng chi tit Ny mt r nh dn qu ln, Thi gian ng cng ln v chu trnh c s ln. Ngo i ra, mt r nh dn rng s tn nhiu vt liu c, l m tng gi th nh. Mt khc, mt r nh dn qu nh c th gy ra khuyt tt vt c nh l khuyt thiu (short shot) v cc vt lm, nh hng xu n cht lng chi tit 2) Loi nha: C mt s loi nha c c tnh chy lo ng tt v c nhng loi c c tnh chy xu, vic xc nh hnh dng hoc kch thc ca r nh dn cn quan tm n ch tiu n y. 3) Chiu d i r nh dn: Nu r nh dn d i, nn m rng tit din gim lc cn dng chy. Mc d, n l m tng thi gian ng cng v ph liu do l m tng gi th nh sn phm. Nn dng r nh dn ngn nht nu c th:
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Vi cc chi tit mng in y nhanh nh tng tc phun v l m tng nhit khun. L m r nh dn nh tc dng chy s c nng ln, pht sinh nhit do ma st l m gim nht (nhit n y pht sinh khi nha lng chy qua cng phn phi),.
Vi cc chi tit d y
in y t t nh gim tc phun trnh khuyt tt b mt ca sn phm nh cc vt lm hoc cc r kh do kh ln v o vt liu nha. Dng bin php duy tr p sut in y nha lng v o lng khun tt. Ch to mt r nh dn ln th hin tng vt lm v hin tng khuyt thiu s khng xy ra.
Ngo i ra cn thn trng khi xc nh kch thc r nh dn ca khun ba tm. khun ba tm thao tc m khun cn theo trnh t xc nh v thng c r nh dn d i hn. Nu tnh ton h nh trnh m khun cn thit khng ng th s khng th tho sn phm ra. Vi r nh dn ca khun ba tm, cn thn trng ngay trong bc thit k. B tr rnh dn Trng hp khun c nhiu lng khun, khi vt liu nng chy chy vo cng phn phi i ti cc lng khun, nu c s sai khc thi gian vo mi lng khun th vt liu vo mt cng no u tin nhng vn cha vo cc cng khc. i vi trng hp nh th ny, p lc to hnh trong cc lng khun tr nn rt cao, sau khi lng khun cui cng gn nh c in y th p lc to hnh bt u tng t ngt. Tuy nhin khi lng khun m vt liu in y lc u tin bt u ngui v cng li v vy cc lng khun khc khng th c in y. trnh hin tng ny, vt liu nng chy cn phi t trng thi cn bng ng trong rnh dn cng nh chy vo cc lng khun hu nh ng thi. Hn th na, ta phi iu chnh kch thc cng sau khi vo cng vt liu in y cc lng khun ng thi. Gi khong cch khng i t r nh dn n cc lng khun khi c nhiu sn phm. Bi l m nh vy, p sut phun s c phn b bng nhau v nha lng s c in y u v o cc lng khun.
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V vy, cch b tr tt nht c h thng r nh dn cn bng l a gic u (3 cnh hoc su cnh) gi khong cch bng nhau cho tt c lng khun v phn b u p sut. Di y l mt s v d
Hnh 2.77 a ra loi khun nhiu lng khun, l h thng knh nha khng cn bng, ta c th cn bng knh dn bng cch m rng dn ming phun nhng sn phm pha cui ri p th cho ti khi nha in y to n b cc sn phm.
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Bin php tt nht l cho d i cc knh nha ca tt c cc sn phm nh nhau. Trong hnh 2.78, cc knh nha v cc ming phun u ging nhau, p lc trong tt c cc sn phm nh nhau. Nhc im l d i tng tng i ln. Hnh 2.77
Hnh 2.78
* H thng rnh dn khi gia cng nha nhit cng phn trn, ch yu gii thch h thng rnh dn khun dng to hnh phun nha nhit do. i vi trng hp to hnh phun v to hnh p vt liu nha nhit cng, vic chn rnh dn v cng phn phi hon ton ging vi trng hp nha nhit do. Thng th nha nhit cng so vi nha nhit do, dnh ca vt liu khi nng chy cao v theo phn ng ha hc s ha cng tin trin theo thi gian lm tnh chy lng gim i. Do vy, v cn phi lm gim cc yu t nh hng xu n li tnh chy lng nn rnh dn v cng phn phi phi lm ln.
Cng phn phi Cng phn phi (gate) c phn thnh 2 loi chnh, loi th nht cng c tit din li v o khun hn ch, loi th hai khng l m hp li v o khun.
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Cng phn phi c nhng chc nng: Hn ch dng chy v nh hng nha lng. D ct gt r nh dn v d gia cng tinh vt c. Nhanh chng l m lnh v ng c trnh dng chy ngc sau khi nha lng in y lng khun. Cng hp Restrictive Gate Cng phn phi hn ch, c mt li v o lng khun hp hn ch mt lng nha lng to iu kin in y khun tt hn. Cng phn phi hn ch c cc c im sau: - Pht sinh nhit ct (shear) nh chy qua cng hp, nng cao nhit ca nha nng chy v tng kh nng in y lng khun - Gim ng sut d v gim khuyt tt nh bin dng, cong vnh (warpage) - Thi gian ng c nhanh, chu trnh c tt nhin s ngn - Vt cng phn phi th b hn, nn khng mt nhiu thi gian ho n thin sn phm. Cc loi cng phn phi hn ch: Cng phn phi cnh (Side Gate) Cng kiu cnh qut (Fan Gate)
L kiu thng dng nht. t bn cnh sn phm. Thng dng cho cu trc c nhiu hn hai lng khun
Thng dng cho chi tit dng tm rng v bng phng Kh tch b cng, ho n thin sn phm v gi th nh cao khi cng rng Cn li vt ca cng
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Cng kiu im cht (Pin Point Gate)
Cng ngm Submarine Gate (Tunnel Gate)
Thng dng c nhiu sn phm. V tr tng i linh hot. Cu trc phc tp do c 3 tm khun. Cng phn phi dng cht c th gn vo mt y ca sn phm dng hp nh v dng cc tip xc vi long khun bng im nh. Hn na, sn phm ln c th t cng phn phi nhiu ch v cng c th iu khin c trng thi in y ca vt liu tu theo mi cng phn phi (gi l trng thi cn bng cng phn phi) (Hnh 60)
Cng s t ng b ct b khi khun m ra V tr c th thay i (trc, bn cnh, hoc sau ca chi tit) Cc loi cng phn phi khc u t mt phn khun nhng loi cng phn phi ngm t chm trong mt phn khun nh hnh a, c kt cu ni lin mt cnh ca sn phm bng l khoan trn trong tm khun pha di ng (hay c nh). Trn hnh b, ct vt mt phn ca cht y, v tip xc vi mt u ca cng phn phi chm b phn ny. Trong trng hp ny, cn li mt phn hnh tr nh di sn phm to hnh nhng phn ny sau s c ct b i. Cng phn phi loi ny, khi sn phm c ly ra t khun, v cng phn phi c ct t mt cch t ng nn vic p phun t ng tr nn d thc hin. Hn th na c li ch l c th gn cng phn phi pha trong sn phm
Hnh 60: Cng phn phi
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dng cht (cng phn phi 4 im) ng knh l cng phn phi dng cht nu nh th vt li khng ni bt, v nhit ma st ln tu theo lu ng ca vt liu hiu qu h thp dnh cng ln nhng tn tht p lc phun cng ln, v vy cn nng cao p lc phun. Ni chung ng knh l cht c lm theo tiu chun 0,8 1,0 mm (Hnh 61).
PL
25~ 45
Hnh a
PL
Hnh 61: Cng phn phi dng cht
Hnh b
Cng kiu bng (Film Gate)
Cng kiu van (Valve Gate)
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Thng dng cho chi tit dng tm mng Kh tch b cng, ho n thin sn phm v gi th nh cao do cng rng
Van ca cng c m cng v o thi gian phun. u rt v h thng r nh dn s khng phi tho ra nh dng phng php r nh dn nng c t mt trc hoc sau ca sn phm.
Cng kiu a(Dish Gate)
Cng kiu vu li (Tab Gate)
Dn hung ( kiu li)
u rt Van c s
Phng i ca phn A
ung dn
Thng dng in y lng khun t mt hc hay l, Vt liu t cung phun chy ra ngo i v c tit din lng khun c in y cng mt lc. Loi n y c dng cho trng hp d pht sinh bin dng do nh hng ca hng dng chy, cng nh khi dng nha nhit cng hoc vt liu c trn si thy tinh
Cng phn phi n y c b xung thm mt vu nh trn vt c, vt liu nng chy c dn hng t cng phn phi khc (cng phn
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phi chnh) v o ri v o lng khun, sao cho vt liu t ng dn khng chy trc tip v o lng khun. Kiu cng phn phi n y c s dng cho loi vt liu c tnh chy lo ng km, nh: polyvinylcloride cng, polycacbonat, nha acrylic (nha methacrylic)nh vy trnh pht sinh ng sut hay nt do ng sut d ln c th c to ra gn cng phn phi, hoc trnh nhng vt khuyt tt nh s to ui, n thng xut hin gn cng phn phi ca vt c.
Phn vu li n y s c ct b sau khi c. Cng phn phi dng vng (RingGate) Cng phn phi dng vng dng trong trng hp vt phm c dng trn xoay nh di. Trng hp vt phm hnh dng nh th ny nu t cng phn phi cnh s sinh ra bin dng cnh trong. Cng phn phi dng vng l loi ni sn phm bng cng dng vng mng t rnh dn.
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Cng trc tip khun mt lng khun, u cui ca u rt lin quan trc tip n sn phm to hnh, cng c trng hp khng s dng rnh dn. Vi u rt nh th ny, phn cui cn lm nhim v ca cng phn phi, khi nha lng in y v o lng khun trc tip t u rt (nn ngi ta gi l cng phn phi trc tip) Cng trc tip c nhng c im sau: Gim s tn hao p sut phun khi nh trc tip t u rt v o lng khun. Tn t vt liu v khng c r nh dn Cu trc n gin gim gi th nh sn phm c v khun t trc trc Tuy nhin, v d pht sinh p sut qu ln quanh b phn cng phn phi (u cui ca u rt), do d pht sinh vt nt sn phm ty theo ng sut d tn ti.
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Cng trc tip c dng sau: u rt ng vai tr nh cng phn phi t mt trc hoc sau ca sn phm S cn li vt ca cng
4
3.5
55
60
1.6
Hnh 49 Cng trc tip to hnh sn phm nha PolyCabonate
100
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Xc nh v tr cng
: im 1 : t v tr cng phn phi ni m nha lng kt thc vic in cc lng khun ng thi. im 2 : t v tr cng ti ni chi tit c chiu dy ln nht. trnh cc vt lm khi vt liu co ngt im 3 : im t cng ni t thy vt ca n hoc ni d x l vt n y khi ho n thin sn phm. im 4 : Trnh phun t pha d to xu hng tch t khng kh trong khoang hoc kh sinh ra t nha lng. im 5 : in y nha lng s dng b mt tng khng b to ui (jetting)
Cc b phn ca u rt Cc chi tit c lin quan n u rt v nh nh v v bc cung phun V nh nh v c chc nng nh v khun khi lp t khun v o my p. Bc cung phun l knh dn nha lng phun t u phun t my phun v o khun Ch n cc b phn sau khi lp t chng. V nh nh v
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Kim tra ng knh l nh v ca my c Ni chung, ng knh ngo i bc nh v nn bng ng knh l tr i (0,1 0,3 mm) ng knh l c ly theo tiu chun t: 60, 100, 20, 150 v chiu dy l 15 mm (Tiu chun Nht Bn)
Bc cung phun (Sprue Bush)
Bc cung phun thng c ti cng khng b vi phun ca my l m hng. Kch thc cung phun ph thuc v o hai yu t: a- Khi lng v d y th nh ca sn phm cng nh loi vt liu nha c s dng. b- Kch thc l vi phun ca my cng nh hng n kch thc ca cung phun. m ca cung phun phi ln hn ng knh ming l ca vi phun ca cm phun nha t 0,5 n 1 mm. Bn knh trn bc cung phun v hng phun phi to nn mi ghp ph hp. Bn knh trn bc cung phun phi ln hn 2 n 5 (mm) so vi bn knh ca vi phun m bo khng c khe h gia cung phun v vi khi chng tip xc vi nhau. Nu c khe h, n c th ln dn ln gy r r vt liu. Gc cn ca cung phun rt quan trng bi v nu nh qu c th gy kh khn khi tho cung phun khi bc cung phun. Cn nu gc cn qu ln s l m cho phn y ca cung phun cng phi rt ln nh hng n thi gian l m ngui. Gc cn ti thiu nn l 1 . C th phun khng cn cung phun, khi vi phun p st trc tip v sn phm v lin h vi sn phm qua mt im. Mt u ca vi phun khp kn khun. Lc trn sn phm cn li mt vt rt r. Ngi ta c gng sao cho vi phun b nht c th c. ng knh phun khong 6 n 12 (mm). V trong qu trnh phun, vi phun tip xc vi khun c khng ch nhit trong thi gian c p lc duy tr nn phng php n y ch p dng ch to cc chi tit th nh mng vi thi gian chu k ngn trnh s ng cng.
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Quan h gia ng knh l hng phun v bc cung phun theo bng: D1: ng knh u phun D2: :ng knh l bc cung phun R1: bn knh u u phun R2: bn knh bc cung phun
D1 < D2 R1 < R2
D2 = D1 + (0.5 - 1.0)[mm] R2 = R1 + 1.0[mm]
u u phun dng hnh cu v bn knh cong tiu chun: 10, 20, 30 mm (Tiu chun nht bn) ng knh u phun tiu chun c chn t: 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10 Nha lng p sut cao t u phun ca my n l c phun v o lng khun qua bc u rt Ti thi im n y ung tm ca bc u rt v u phun phi trng nhau p sut cao ca nha lng khng b r r V nh nh v c lp v o khun d nh v khun trn my p.
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X l phn ct ngang (undercut) Trong chng ny bn hc v cch x l mt chi tit c phn ct ngang. Undercut l phn tht li hay phn lm ca chi tit. Khi tho chi tit khi khun, ta cn mt vi c cu phn chi tit tip xc vi phn undercut c th tho khi khun v chi tit khng th tho trc tip m khng c c cu ph tr ny. Qu trnh ny gi l x l phn undercut. C nhiu phng php khc nhau x l phn undercut, ty theo phn undercut l phn trong hay phn ngoi.
Push-pin
Grip of a driver
Grip of a cup
Chng ta s nghin cu v phng php li trt ngoi, phng php trt trong, v phng php xilanh thu lc ch to phn undercut. Phng php li trt ngo i
Phng php li trt (slide core) ngo i thng s dng ch to phn undercut ngo i. L m vic cng vi qu trnh chuyn ng ng/ m ca khun, phng php y n y ch to phn undercut. Phng php dng xilanh thu lc cng c s dng, chng ta s tm hiu c th sau.
Thn khi trt L phn thc hin dch chuyn gn lin vi chuyn ng m khun. Lng di chuyn ca li trt, gc nghing v chiu di ca cht xin l cc yu t quan trong cm ny. Khi kho c lp lng khun c th chu p lc t bm khi ng khun. Trong khi khun m, li y quay li bi lc t cht gc v l xo. do gii phng chi tit khi li trt.
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Nu li trt di chuyn qua xa v pha sau th cht v l khng khp vo nhau c khi ng khun, v vy cn phi lp mt khi kho li. C cu ny c minh ho di y: Khong trt v gc nghing ca cht xin nh sau: S : su phn ct ngang S1: h nh trnh khong trt : gc nghing ca li trt. : gc nghing ca cht xin. S1 = S + 5mm = + ( 2 -- 5 ) nhng < 20 trnh li trt v khi kho vng v o nhau trong qu trnh ng v m khun, ta phi thit k sao cho gc nghing ca cht xin nh hn so vi ca khi kho. Ngo i ra, l cht xin c l m ln hn cht 0,5mm b cho sai s gia cng.
L xo hi v Khi lng tnh ton khi li trt ang trt thay i ph thuc v o hng trt. Khi ang trt hng ln trn, khi lng ca khi li trt c tnh gp 2 Khi trt theo phng ngang, khi lng ca khi li trt c tnh bng1,5 Khi trt theo phng ngang, khi lng ca khi li trt c tnh bng0,5
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V d Gi s ta dng mt khi li y 5kg song song vi mt t, h nh trnh l 20mm. Cn chn l xo (spring) th n o?
D : ng knh l xo L : Chiu di khi cha chu lc E : Chiu di nn ban u F : Hnh trnh G : Lng co li khi chu lc ca khi trt K : cng ca l xo. W : Khi lng
Nu dng ti nh [K = 0.6kgf / mm]: Cc thng s ny c th tm trong catalog v l xo: cng (K) 0.6kg/mm Chiu di t do (L) 65mm (F+ G) 32.5mm ng knh ngoi (D ) 16mm S ln dng 350,000 ln
V khi trt di chuyn ngang nn khi lng ca n bng 1,5 khi lng khi trt: W = 5*1.5 = 7.5kg Lng co li khi chu lc ca khi trt l: G = W / K : G = 7.5/0.6 = 12.5mm Chiu di t do: L = E + F + G : L = 32.5 + 20 + 12.5 = 65.
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Theo catalog, chn, l xo c L = 65. Kt qu: D = 16 L = 65mm
Phng php dng khi trt bn trong Nu c phn ct ngang pha trong chi tit th ta dng cc gii php sau:
Phng php li ni lng
p dng thch hp khi c ch phnh hoc dp ni nh pha trong sn phm. Khi trt (slide unit)c lp vo tm y (ejector plate) v c ni vi li ni lng (loose core) nh cn trt (slide rod) Khi tm y tin v pha trc, li tho lng di chuyn theo hng y chi tit tho phn ct ngang. C cu ny chu lc rt ln phn rt mnh ca khun; v vy cn phi ch c bit v chnh xc v thit k v vt liu ca c cu.
Nu c nhiu hn 2 li ni lng, cn ch trnh b va chm vi nhau. Nu chng va chm th c th khng dng c li ni lng.
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Hnh trnh trt v gc nghing: B : Chiu di phn ct ngang. : Gc nghing ca cn Khong dch A = B + 3mm n 5mm V d: Nu hnh trnh h = 150mm, B = 8.1mm, khong h = 5mm: A = 8.1 + 5 = 13.1mm Gc nghing ca cn: Do = (A / h), (13.1 / 150) = 0.0873 5 Ngoi ra, nu >15 cn c cn (Also, if the tilt angle is larger than 15 , a support rod needs to be installed.)
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Phng php y ra ngoi phn ct ngang
c dng i vi sn phm c mt pha trong. Used for the part which has a side boss inside. The method in which parts are pushed by the block and slid to the side by hand.
Phng php li trt bn trong.
S dng khi sn phm c rnh hoc gn (rib) bn trong Phng php ny dng li trt di ng nh cht xin.
Phng php dng xilanh thu lc Phng php x l phn ct ngang ny l phng php dng xi lanh thu lc m khng lin ng n qu trnh ng m ca khun, v n c th chuyn ng c lp.
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S dng phng php ny khi m phn ct ngang phi c gii phng trc khi khun m ra khi phn ct ngang nm pha hc khun. Chuyn ng ca xilanh thu lc Theo phng php ny th phn ct ngang s c gii phng bi lc ca xilanh thu lc bn ngoi. Xi lanh du c lp vo tm hc v to nn mt ci l.
(Click within the circle in the figure to display the animation.) Tnh xilanh thu lc Vic tnh ton xc nh kch c ca xi lanh da vo kch thc phn ct ngang. Bng di y s a ra cch xc nh p sut cn thit tnh ng knh trong cua xi lanh thy lc trong : D : ng knh trong xilanh ( cm ) a : h s p lc xilanh 0.8 k : p sut lm vic (trung bnh 60t-70 kgf/ cm 2 ) P : p lc nha 500 2 (kgf/ cm ) S1: din tch p xut tip xc vi nha ( cm 2 ) S2: din tch tip xc 2 ( cm ) W: khi lng li trt
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( kgf ) H s k ph thuc vo kiu my c p. D : Cylinder inner diameter( ) a : Cylinder thrust coefficient 0.8 k : Working pressure (generally 60 70kgf/ ) P : Resin pressure 500(kgf/ ) S1 : Area to receive resin pressure( ) S2 : Contact area( ) W : Slide mass (kgf) *The value of k varies depending on molding machine. D2 P a.k. . > P.S1 + S 2 . + W 4 5
D > 4
P.S1 +
P .S 2 W 5 + a.k . a.k .
P P.S1 + .S 2 W 5 + D 2 > 4. 175.84 175.84 2000 S1 + 400 S 2 4W D2 > + 175.84 175.84 W D > 11.4S1 + 2.3S 2 + 44
Gi tr S1, S2, W c tnh nh sau: [Cc phn ct] Phn nhn c p sut t nha (cross section of product) S1 l: S1 = C1xC4xC2x(C3x2) ( cm 2 ) V din tch tip xc (slide core cross section - cross section of
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product) S2 l: S2 v = [ C1 ( C3x2 )] x (C2 C4 ) ( cm 2 )
Khi lng bn trt (the mass of the part attached to hydraulic cylinder) W l: W = 7,85*{(A1*A2*B1) + ( C1*C2*B2 )}* 10 3 ( kgf ) (trng lng ring st t = 7.85 )
[Xi lanh thy lc: hnh chiu cnh v ng]
[Mt ct ca phn ct ngang]
Cc chi tit y (Ejecting Parts) Cht y c kt ni vi tm y, y chi tit ra khi khun Ht sc thn trng ch v tr ca n trnh vt, bin dng, cc s c sut hin khi tho chi tit Cht y l d ch to, cng nh nhit luyn, nh bng v c th t nhiu ni trn chi tit. V vy n c dng rng r i
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Chi tit ch yu dnh v o tm li khi m khun. V vy tm hc c nh v pha trn lng khun v tm li trn tm li, chi tit bm dnh chc v o li khi co ngt trong qu trnh l m ngui. Ni chung, nha lng c phun t pha tm hc, cn cht y c t pha tm li. Cn ch khi chn phng php y v v tr cht y sao cho y c chi tit ra khi tm li m khng lm hng hnh dng sn phm C 6 kiu phng php y sn phm. Cht y
Cht y
y vu
B tr ni lc cn ln. Nu lc cn ging nhau th cc v tr cht c phn b u
Nu c vu hoc gn, nn b tr cht ti nh ca vu hoc gn, Nu t cht xung quanh bu hoc gn c th c l m rn nt (crack) khi y bng cht.
Cht y kiu bc
Cht y kiu a
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Khi sn phm nh, dng cht nh khng n nh, kh gia cng. Ta c th l m tng ng knh cht ti im gia Mt cht nh dng cho phn nh .L m tng ng knh cht ti im gia Mt cht nh dng cho phn nh
Thng dng y bng ci np. Khi n d ch to v c b mt tip xc ln. Tuy nhin kh l m ngui cht.
ng y
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D ch to. Tuy nhin, nhng kiu ng c ng knh trong qu b hoc qu ln th kh ch to, ngc li kiu ng mng th d v trong khi s dng. Mt khc qu trnh y ra tt khi n y u v o bin chi tit.
Tm y Tm y c u im l vng y rng hn nhng loi khc. m bo y c ngay c khi lc cn ln. Hnh dng b ngo i l tt hn v khng c li vt y.
y bng kh nn y bng kh nn thng dng h tr qu trnh y cc chi tit c chiu su ( dng trn) hoc h tr tm y y chi tit ra khi khun d d ng. l do n c th trnh pht sinh vng chn khng gia li khun v chi tit trong qu trnh y. Ngo i ra, khc vi cht y, phng php n y to ra s tho khun bi p sut u nn khng gy ra nhng khuyt tt nh : nt hoc whitening, bin dng, ngay c vi chi tit c nhit bin dng thp.
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Qu trnh y 2 bc Phng php y chi tit n y gm 2 bc: thng s dng kt hp tm y v cht y. Quy trnh bt u bng tm y y to n b chi tit, v kt thc vi cht y y cc vng nh vu (boss), hoc phn (undercut). N khng gy ra cong vnh (warpage), bin dng, hoc nt (cracking) chi tit.
y bng thu lc Ngi ta s dng mt thit b thu lc y chi tit. Phng php n y c nhiu u im, nh vic ch ng t thi im y hay tc y. N cng c s dng mt thit b an to n ngn nga cnh cht y (ejector pin) vng v o khun nh vic h thp p sut thu lc hoc trnh l m hng khun bng cch dng khi iu kin ti trng khng c cho php hot ng, v d khi tm y (ejector plate) b kt.
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Trn y chng ta hc mt s loi cht y khc nhau. By gi chng ta h y xem tm y c ni vi cht y nh th n o. Tm y
Mt tm y (ejector plate) di chuyn mt cht y (ejector pin). Mt cn y (push rod) c th ra khi my p y tm y, nh n ci m cht y y ngo i chi tit. Mt cht hi (return pin) thng c s dng hi tm y v v tr ban u. Vi phng php n y, cnh ca cht hi tip xc b mt ca tm hc (cavity plate) trong sut qu trnh khun ng v y tm y tr li, nhng chu trnh c (molding cycle) c xu hng ko d i hn. Khun c nh thng dng l xo hi v hi tm y trc khi qu trnh ng khun ho n th nh y chi tit, c th rt ngn chu trnh c.
V d tnh ton khi lng Tnh ton khi lng c xut pht t gi thit l khi lng tng cng ca tt c cc chi tit gn vi tm y (ejector plate) ( cht hi , cn y, li ni lng , khi y) (return pin, push rod, loose core, slide unit) y chng ta tnh ton n gin vi khi lng ca mt tm y
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Khi lng ca tm y A : 1100 x 450 x 40 = 19 800 000 mm2 = 19 800 cm2 19800 x 7,85 ( khi lng ring ca thp) = 155 430g = 155,4kg Khi lng ca tm y B : 1850 x 450 x 100 = 83 250 000 mm2 = 83 250 cm2 83250 x 7,85 ( khi lng ring ca thp) = 653 512g = 653,5kg Tng khi lng ca tm y : W = A+ B = 155,4 + 653,5 = 808,9 kg
Chn l xo hi l xo xon
Vic chn l xo ph thuc v o kch thc ca khun. y chng ta s hc v cc khun c kch thc tng i nh v va. Vi khun nh
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Ta ly h nh trnh cn thit y chi tit l S = 25mm, khong cch bng khong cch t mt u ca tm y (ejector plate) n y ca tm li (core plate) (hoc mt y ca tm ) Chiu su phn cha l xo = A Khong nn ban u = B Khong nn ca l xo = F Chiu d i t do ca l xo = L ng knh cht hi = 30
* 1. H nh trnh thc H nh trnh cn y chi tit : S = 25mm 2. Chn kch c l xo Chn ng knh ngo i ca l xo D= 46mm cho kch c l xo t catalog vi cht hi ng knh = 30 mm. 3. Gi thit chiu d i t nhin ca l xo Thng ly theo h nh trnh (S x 2 + ), gi s chiu d i t nhin ca l xo L = 60mm hoc 70mm 4. Chn SWR46-60, SWR 46-70, v SWR 46-70 t catalog, v xc nh khong nn F Khong nn (F) (mm) K hiu v loi l xo : SWR Loi l xo ( c trng bi chiu d i) 46 ng knh ngo i ca l xo 60 Chiu d i t do ca l xo SWR46-60 30 SWR46-70 35 SWR46-60 24 SWS46-70 28
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5. Tnh ton chiu d y phn cha l xo: Chiu d y phn cha ( A ) = chiu d i t nhin ca l xo ( L ) khong nn(F)
Ly gi tr ca chiu d y phn cha l xo (A) ln hn so vi kt qu tnh c ko d i tui bn ca l xo bng vic ly khong cha ln v s dng khong nn ca l xo theo tiu chun. H y cng thm v o gi tr tnh ton 2mm: SWR46-60 32 SWR46-70 37 SWR46-60 38 SWS46-70 44
Chiu su phn cha l xo (A)(mm)
6. Tnh ton khong nn ban u (B) v khong nn cui cng (B + S) Khong nn ban u (B) = chiu d i t nhin ca l xo (L) - { Chiu su phn cha l xo (A) + h nh trnh (S) } SWR46-60 3 28 SWR46-70 8 33 SWR46-60 3 22 SWS46-70 1 26
Khong nn ban u (B) (mm) Khong nn cui cng (B+S ) (mm)
7. Tnh ton ti trng nn ban u (Ws) v ti trng cui cng (We) cho l xo Ti trng nn ban u = ti trng l xo t khi bt u chu ti. Ti trng ban u(Ws) = cng l xo ( K ) x khong nn ( B) Ti trng cui = ti trng t ln tm y khi l xo b nn li. Ti trng cui (We) = cng l xo ( K ) x khong nn ( B+ S ) SWR46-60 SWR46-70 SWS46-60 SWS46-70 Hng s l xo (K) (kgf/mm) Ti trng ban u (Ws) ( kgf) Ti trng kt thc (We) (kgf) 3,67 11,01 102,76 3,14 25,12 103,62 5,42 _ 119,24 4,64 4,64 120,64
T tnh ton trn, chn l xo thch hp nht. Ly ti trng ban u v ti trng kt thc da v o nhng d liu chn la.
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H y chn ti trng ban u v ti trng kt thc khng qu ln, nhng cng phi m bo l xo bn. SWR46-60 khng phi loi chu ti trng ban u, n khng bn v khng dng c. SWR46-70 c ti trng ban u qu ln SWR46-70 c ti trng kt thc qu ln. Nh vy l xo thch hp nht s l SWR46-60. Cc yu cu chn la s thay i ph thuc v o ch y (ngha l to lc y ban u mnh hay yu), iu chnh ty theo cc iu kin tng thi im khc nhau.
Cho khun trung bnh D: ng knh ngo i ca l xo d : ng knh trong ca l xo L : Chiu d i t do ca l xo (xem catalog ca nh sn xut) E. Chiu d i l xo lc nn (xem catalog ca nh sn xut) F : H nh trnh G : Khong nn bi ti trng ca tm y. K : cng ca l xo (xem catalog ca nh sn xut). Wo : Ti trng ln mt l xo W : Tng ti trng ln tm y y : S lng l xo
V d v catalog Chiu d i cng ca t do (L) l xo (K) Chiu d i lc nn (E) Khong nn max (F+G) ng knh ngo i ng Gi knh th nh trong (d)
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(D )
L xo c 0.73kg/mm nn cao L xo chu 1.9kg/mm ti nh
300mm
150mm
150mm
46mm
33mm
500 yen
300mm
150mm
150mm
60mm
33mm
2000 yen
V d, nu hnh trnh F= 125 mm ( hnh trnh c tm da trn lng di chuyn y sn phm ra, v c xc nh trong khi thit k khun), tng khong nn ca l xo v co do khi lng ca tm y phi ln hn 125 mm. Theo bng trn th khong nn ln nht l (F+G)=150 mm, khi di t do ca l xo l E+F+G, v vy L=300 mm c th chp nhn c. V vy n phi nh hn chiu di b nn bi tm y (ejector plate): G=L-(E+F) =300-(125+150) = 25mm . Khi c nhng kiu l xo khc nhau, th chng ta i tnh s lng ca hai kiu l xo ph hp vi cc yu cu nu trn, p ng yu cu trn (khi lng ca tm y ging nh khi lng tnh ca tm y c cp phn trc).
L xo c khong nn ln: L xo c ti trng nh: T cng thc: T cng thc: Wo/K G, =>Wo GxK Wo/K G, =>Wo G*K Wo kg 25 mm x0.73 kg/mm Wo kg 25 mm x1.9 kg/mm Wo 18.25 kg Wo 47.5 kg Ngoi ra, t cng thc W/y = Wo , hn na, t cng thc W/y = Wo , y = W/ Wo = 1052 kg/18.25kg y = W/ Wo = 1052 kg/47.5kg y = 58 y = 23 Tnh ton gi c cho mi loi l xo c dng, gi ca loi l xo c khong nn ln s thp hn. Tr li, s dng 58 l xo c D=46, L=300 mm.
Trong vic chn l xo, ng nhin iu quan trng l phi ph hp iu kin thit k, nhng cn mt iu quan trng na l vic cn nhc n gi c, bn hoc chc nng ca n.
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V D CHN L XO KH
Gas spring may be selected based on assembling or the weight of ejector plate. Normally it is used for a relatively large mold (the weight of ejector plate is over 500 kg according to the in-company standard of a certain company). Generally, 2 to 4 gas springs are used. The heavier a mold is, the more gas springs are used. When many gas springs are used, position them so that the weight is evenly distributed to each gas spring. L xo kh c th c chn da trn vic lp rp hoc da vo khi lng ca tm y. Thng thng n c dng vi trng hp khun tng i rng ( Khi lng ca tm y ln hn 500 kg). Ni chung c t 2 n 4 l xo khi c dng , Nu khun nng th c th dung nhiu l xo kh hn. Khi cc l xo y c s dng, th vic nh v chng sao cho khi lng c phn b u trn cc l xo. L xo kh c phn ra lm hai loi sau:
Gas spring is categorized into two types: TB Type Its outer diameter is 75. Installed to a relatively large mold. As the spring constant is small, it is durable. Loi TB: loi ny c ng knh ngoi l 75. c lp t vi loi khun tng i rng, N c h s n hi nh, v n rt bn. KG Type Its outer diameter is 50. Easy to design as the diameter is small. Installed to a small mold. Loi KG: Loi ny c ng knh ngoi l 50. N rt d thit k ng knh nh, v c dng vi loi khun nh.
Let's assume four gas springs are used here for an example of calculation. First, calculate the weight of an ejector plate. Ta gi thit rng c 4 l xo kh c dng tnh ton. u tin ta tnh khi lng ca cc tm y:
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Weight of ejector plate A : 1100 * 450 * 40 = 19800000 = 19800 19800 * 7.85 (specific gravity of iron) = 155430g = 155.4kg Weight of ejector plate B : 1850 * 450* 100 = 83250000 = 83250 83250 * 7.85 (specific gravity of iron) = 653512g = 653.5kg Total weight of ejector plate: W = A + B = 155.4 + 653.5 = 808.9kg Multiply the calculated weight of ejector plate by 1.3 (safety ratio). * 1.3 is used as a common safety ratio here. 808.9 * 1.3 = 1051.57kg 1052kg Calculate the weight put on one spring: 1052kg / 4 = 263kgf Khi lng ca tm y A: 1100*450*40 =19800000 mm3 =19800 cm3 ; 19800*7.85( Trng lng ring ca st) = 155430 g = 155.4 kg. Khi lng ca tm y B: 1850*450*100 =83250000 mm3 =83250 cm3 ; 83250*7.85( Trng lng ring ca st) = 653512 g = 653.5 kg. Tng khi lng ca tm y: W = A+B = 155.4+653.5 =808.9 kg; Nhn khi lng tnh ton c trn vi 1.3( h s an ton): 808.9*1.3 = 1051.57 kg; Khi lng trn mi l xo l: 1052/4 =263 kgf.
<Example of catalog> V d c danh mc sau:
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Gas spring constant ( G ) 1.95mm
Stroke (X) 200mm
Constant (C) 467 H s (C) 467 cm2
Filling pressure (P) Min. 50 - Max. 150kgf/ p sut np (P)
Load selection range ( Wo ) 235 - 700kgf
h s l xo kh Hnh trnh (G) (X) 1.95 mm 200 mm
50 kgf/cm2 As the weight put on one spring will be 263kg, KG750 gas spring meets the requirements of load selection range. Theo khi lng trn mi l xo s l: 263 kg, loi l xo KG750 p ng iu kin ca khong ti trng. i tnh ton p sut np : T cng thc P = 100*W0 / C ta c: P = 100*263/467 = 56.3 (kgf/cm2 ) To calculate filling pressure from P = 100 * Wo / C : P = 100 * 263 / 467 56.3 (kgf / ) As filling pressure is used between min. of 50kgf/ and max. of 150kgf/ , this condition is met. To calculate corresponding spring constant from K = G * P / 100 : K = 1.95 * 56.3 / 100 1.1 (kg/mm) To calculate displacement from the top dead center. of piston rod from W = P (G * X + C ) / 100 : W = 56.3 (1.95 * 200 + 467) / 100 482.5 (kgf) i tnh ton p sut np : T cng thc P = 100*W0 / C ta c: P = 100*263/467 = 56.3 (kgf/cm2 ) p sut np c dung nm trong khong ( 50 -150(kgf/cm2 )), iu kin ny c tho mn. Tnh ton h s ng v ca l xo:
Khong ti trng ( W0 ) 150 235 700 kgf
P : Filling pressure Wo : Early load C : Constant (see a catalog by each manufacturer for details). K : Corresponding spring constant G : Gas spring coefficient (see a catalog by each manufacturer). X : Piston rod displacement
P: p sut np; W0 : ti trng ban u; C: hng s K: h s ng v ca l xo; G: h s ca l xo;( xem danh mc ca nh sn xut)
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X: chuyn v ca piston
T cng thc: K=G*P/100, ta c K=1.95*56.3/100 =1.1(kg/mm); Tnh chuyn v t im cht trn ca piston, ta c cng thc : W =P(G*X+C)/100 = 56.3(1.95*200+467)/100 =482.5(kgf). Tnh chuyn v t im cht trn ca piston, ta c cng thc : W =P(G*X+C)/100 = 56.3(1.95*200+467)/100 =482.5(kgf).
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Quality of Molded Parts

CHNG II CHT LNG CA CC CHI TIT C
This chapter explains the molding process, which is closely related to the quality of the molded products. It also describes the key aspects of quality improvement. Chng ny din gii qu trnh c ,qu trnh ny c quan h vi cht lng ca sn phm c.Ngoi ra n cn cho bit hng ci tin cht lng.
Quality of Molded Parts

Cht Lng Ca Chi Tit c Injection molding is a straight forward and economical molding method that allows for mass-production of complex-shape moldings to high precision standards. The quality of the molded parts is largely determined by the performance of the injection-molding machine as well as by the precision and the function of the mold. It is also influenced greatly by the molding material. Various combined factors involve molding production; a high-quality molding will be achieved upon good condition of all elements. Khun phun l mt hng ci tin v phng php c tit kim ,phng php ny cho php c sn phm vi sn lng ln hnh dang phc tp , chnh xc tiu chun cao. c tnh ca cc chi tit c l rt a dng ph thuc vo nng sut phun ca khun my c xem nh chnh xc v c tnh ca khun.Ngoai ra n cn chu nh hng ln bi vt liu c.S kt hp cc thng s khc nhau tham gia vo sn phm c ;Cht lng vt c cao s t c nh vo cc iu kin thun li ca tt c cc yu t . The following are the specific factors:
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MATERIAL Type, Price, physical properties DESIGN Dimensions, Dimension tolerances, handling of the undercut parts MOLD Type of the mold, design of each part, design of ejector, etc ENVIRONMENT Production capacity and facilities in the manufacturing plant MOLDING MACHINE Capabilities of the molding machine (clamping force, injection pressure , plasticizing ability of the molding material, etc. CONDITION Molding condition or molding cycle
Di y l s phn loi cc yu t : VT LIU Loi ,gi tr,tnh cht vt l . THIT K Kch thc,dung sai kch thc,x l cc b phn c rnh ct ngang. KHUN Loi khun,thit k tng b phn, ng phun,kt thc . MI TRNG Kh nng v cc phng tin trong k hoch sn xut . KHUN MY Kh nng ca khun my (lc kp, p lc phun,kh nng ho do ca vt liu c,kt thc . IU KIN iu kin c hoc chu trnh c .
Molding Process
Qa Trnh c.
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The quality of the molded products (appearance, dimension and function) is related to various factors during the molding process. As the shape of molded products becomes complex, the factors in molding process become complicated. It is said that predicting any molding related phenomenon is difficult even though it is possible to analyze such phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to design the molding parts through comparison and examination of many cases. The molding process is classified into the following 5 processes. The quality of the molded parts is closely related to these processes. Injection Flow Process Cht lng ca sn phm c(hnh dng ,kch thc,tnh cht) c lin h ti cc yu t khc nhau trong qu trnh c.Nh l hnh dng ca cc sn phm c s tr nn phc tp,cc yu t ca qu trnh c s tr nn phc tp. d bo mi lin h gia cc hin tng c l kh khn,v vy n c th phn tch nh hin tng .V vy cn thit thit k sn phm c qua so snh v kim tra vi nhiu trng hp.Qa trnh c c phn ra lm nm qu trnh di y. Cht lng ca cc chi tit c c quan h vi nhng qu trnh ny.
This is a process in which plasticated molten plastics is injected into the mold cavity. The molten plastics injected initially makes the external part of the part and that injected later makes the internal part of the part. The molten plastics injected first influences the appearance of the part. 1-Qu trnh phun chy. y l qu trnh trong vt liu tan chy c phun vo cc hc khun. Cht do tan chy u tin phun vo to ra b phn bn ngoi ca chi tit v phn phun vo mun hn to ra b phn bn trong ca chi tit.Cht do tan chy phun u tin nh hng n hnh dng ca chi tit .
Injection Filling Process
This is the process in which molten plastics is injected into the mold cavity. When the injection pressure is raised, plastics sink mark is reduced. However, this would also encourage development of deformation around the gate. The increase in injection pressure would require more force to
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take the part out of the mold. This could lead to the development of deformations at the time of removal from mold.
2-Qu trnh phun y . y l qu trnh cht do tan chy c phun vo hc khun . Khi p sut phun c c nng ln,vt lm cht do s c gim bt.Tuy nhin ,qu trnh ny cng khuyn khch s bin dng xung quanh ca.S gia tng p sut phun i hi thm lc mang b phn bn ngoi khun.B phn ny c th bc ch pht trin bin dng ti thi im loi b khi khun.
Gate Seal (Gate Closure) Process This is the process from injection completion through gate sealing (gate closure). Holding pressure (secondary pressure) is applied during cooling and solidification of the gate; it is designed to improve the filling of the molten plastics by reducing molding shrinkage. 3-Qu trnh bt kn ca(ca kn). y l qa trnh t phun hon thnh qua ca bt kn(ca ng kn) . p sut thnh phn (p sut th hai) c cho thm trong khi lm mt v ho rn ca ca ;N c thit k nhm gia tng kh nng in y cht do tan chy bi gim bt co ca khun .
Cooling Process The molten plastics within the cavity is cooled and solidified during this process while the gate is sealed (closed). The difference in cooling rate within the molten plastics would cause intense shrinkage at the thicker part of the part. This would result in a sink mark, bubbles, or residual deformation of the part. 4-Qa trnh lm mt Cht do tan chy bn trong cc hc c lm mt v ho rn trong qa trnh ny. Trong khi ca c bt kn(ng).S khc nhau gia ch lm mt bn trong cht do tan chy s l nguyn nhn gy co mnh b phn dy hn ca chi tit.Qa trnh ny s gy ra vt lm,bt kh,hoc bin dng d ca chi tit. Mold Removal Process This is the process in which the cooled and solidified plastics is ejected from the cavity and removed from the mold. The part must be ejected Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 84
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evenly in relation to ejector pin position; otherwise, defective conditions such as warping, whitening, or cracking would occur. 5-Qu trnh tho khun y l qu trnh trong s lm mt v ho rn cht do c phun t hc v di chuyn khi khun.B phn ny phun du c quan h vi cht y v tr;mt khc iu kin khim khuyt nh l cong vnh,m s xut hin .
How to Improve the Quality of the Parts...
Ci Tin Cht Lng Ca Cc Chi Tit Nh

Appearance The appearance of the plastics part is important because it is often used for home electric appliances, exterior parts of the house holding products, or interior parts of automobiles. Design of the part and the mold should be performed carefully in consideration of the following advice:
Hnh Dng
Hnh dng ca chi tit cht do l quan trng bi v n thng c dng cho cc dng c in trong nh,b mt ngoi ca cc sn phm nh ngh,hoc cc chi tit bn ngoi ca t. Khi thit k cc b phn v khun nn thc hin cn thn cc ch ca cc li khyn di y :
Parting line Plain or simple curving surfaces should have parting lines to prevent the development of flashes. ng Phn khun . B mt phng v b mt cong n gin nn c ng phn khun cn tr s pht trin ca bavia . Gate It is a principle to set the gate position so that the flow of the molten plastics is well balanced and consistent. Ca t v tr ca phi tun theo qui tc cho dng chy ca cht do tan chy c cn bng tt v cht st. Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 85
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Ejection Determine the ejecting position so that the part can be removed uniformly. It is also recommended to make the ejection area as large as possible. S phun Xc nh v tr phun n cc b phn c th di chuyn u.Ngoi ra cn khuyn co to ra khng gian phun ln nh c th. Undercut It is preferable to design the part without any undercut, but when it is not avoidable, use a method such as slide core. Dimension Rnh ct N c thit k ph hp b phn rnh ct bn trong,nhng khi n khng th trnh c,s dng ph bin nh l li trt.
Plastics shrinkage is caused by several factors such as the physical condition of the molding material, part dimension, molding condition, and the environment in which it is used. We have examined each condition and selected the appropriate material, dimension and condition for molding. Kch thc Cht do co ngt nguyn nhn do nhiu yu t khc nhau nh l trng thi vt l ca vt liu c,kch thc b phn, iu kin c,v mi trng s dng. Chng ta phi kim tra mi iu kin v la chn vt liu ph hp,kch thc v cc iu kin c.
Major Plastics products Plastics bags, trash bag Interior or exterior parts of
Resin Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP)
Injection pressure [kgf/ ] 600-1400 600-1400
Resin temperature [ ] 180-300 200-300
Mold temperature [ ] 15-75 40-60
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automobile Water pipe, sewage pipe, electric pipe Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polystyrene (PS) Polycarbonate (PC) Acrylonitrile butadienstylene (ABS) Polyamide (PA) nha 10001500 700-1700 800-1500 150-180 35-65
Food container (Clear) Optical disk such as CD, DVD PC, Printer, etc. Moving parts of machines (bearing, etc.) Nha sn xut chnh Ti nha,nha ph thi b phn bn trong v bn ngoi ca t ng nc , ng nc thi, ng in Hp ng thc n ( sch ) a quang nh l CD, DVD PC,My in Chi tit di ng ca may (gi ta )
180-315 280-320
20-60 85-125
700-1500
200-280
40-85
800-1500 p sut phun (kgf/cm) 600-1400
230-300 nhit nha (C) 180-300
20-90 nhit khun (C )
Polyetilen (PE ) Polypopylen ( pp ) Polyvinylclorid (PVC) Poplystyren (PS ) Plycacbonat (PC) Acrinitrile butadienstylen ( ABS ) Polyamid ( PA )
15-75
600-1400
200-300
40-60
10001500 700-1700 800-1500
150-180
35-65
180 -315 280-320
20-60 82-125
700-1500
200-280
40-85
800-1500
230-300
20-90
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Dimension of Parts
This chapter explains the molding (part) shrinkage rate, draft angle and flow path ratio that need to be considered when determining part dimensions.
Part Shrinkage Rate

Molding (part) shrinkage develops due to heat and pressure during molding. The shrinkage rate varies among each molding material depending on the size or condition of the parts. crystalline plastics has a higher and varied shrinkage rate than amorphous plastics. The higher crystalline plastics rate is due to the higher internal contraction; it is caused by the considerable volume decrease on change from liquid phase into solid phase. A material containing filler such as glass fiber has a lower shrinkage rate and a smaller range of variation, so it is appropriate for applications requiring precise dimensions. Assuming the molding shrinkage is , and the manufacturing dimensions of the mold are L0 and T0, the amount of the contraction is obtained as follows:
L = * L0 T = * T0
Each material has its own fixed value of The chart below shows the molding shrinkage for each material: [Molding shrinkage rate] Resin Name Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Molding Shrinkage (%) 1.5-6.0 1.0-3.0 0.1-0.5
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Polystyrene (PS) Polycarbonate (PC) Acrylonitrile butadienstylene (ABS) Polyamide (PA)
0.2-0.6 0.5-0.8 0.3-0.8 0.6-2.0
Daft Angle
The draft angle is the angle necessary for removing the parts from the mold. It is usually 1-2 , but is determined by the material, the dimension of the parts, and texture treatment (making the surface of the part rougher). Generally, the angle at the cavity side is set as small as possible, and the angle at the core set larger. crystalline plastics has a higher molding shrinkage rate. Therefore, at the cavity side, it is easy to remove from the mold since it shrinks toward inside of the mold. On the other hand, at core side, the part is hard to remove as it tends to adhere to the mold. Setting the draft angle should be done carefully so that the part will not stick to the core. Amorphous plastics has a lower molding shrinkage rate and it does not shrink inward the mold. Therefore, the draft angle at the cavity side should be set as large as the core side angle.
Molten plastics is filled up in the cavity.
After cooling and solidifying, the molding shrinkage occurs. Because the part shrinks inward and adhere to the core, it is difficult to remove the part.
Flow Path Ratio

Flow path ratio is the ratio between L (the distance between the gate and the farthest point in the molding dimension) and T (the thickness of the part) .
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Flow Path Ratio=L /T
When molding large or thin parts, the flow path ratio is calculated to determine if molten plastics can fill the mold cavity. Each molding material has its own flow path ratio, but the ratio varies to a large extent depending on conditions such as composition, temperature of the molten plastics, injection pressure, gate type, length of runner, and so on. The table below indicates the target value for each material. A flow path ratio multiplied by the part thickness (T ) becomes the distance of molten plastics flow (L). [L/T (Flow path ratio) target] Resin Name Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polystyrene (PS) Polycarbonate (PC) Flow Path % L/T = 280-100 L/T = 280-150 L/T = 280-70 L/T = 300-220 L/T = 160-90
Acrylonitrile butadienstylene L/T = 280-120 (ABS) Polyamide (PA) L/T = 320-200
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Installation of Mold
lp t khun
This chapter explains the method of mold installation.
Mold Installation Lp t khun

The following is the method of mold installation to a molding machine.
y l cch thc lp t khun ca my cho my l m khun.

The diagram on the left illustrates the method using clamps. Caution is required so that clamps will not interfere with other parts. The diagram on the right demonstrates the method of installing the mold directly to the machine with bolt. It is necessary to examine if the bolt hole positions for the mold and those of the machine's movable/fixed platens are matched.
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Hnh bn tri s dng s dng phng php kp cht .Yu cu thn trng v vy lc kp s khng nh hng n cc b phn khc. Hnh bn phi minh ho cch thc lp t khun trc tip trn my bng bulng. N cn kim tra nu nu v tr l lp bulng trn khun v trn b n my di ng hoc b n my c nh ph hp.
(Click on the names in the drawings to show the explanations.) [How to install a mold]
Mold Installation Steps Cc bc lp t khun

When installing the mold inside the machine, please be careful. Turn off the switch of molding machine when performing operation inside. Here is the animated instruction for mold installation procedures.
Khi lp t khun v o bn trong ca my phi cn thn Ct ly hp ca my l m khun khi my ang l m vic. y l nhng hng dn lp cho cc phng php lp t khun t khun.
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1. Clean the installation surface of the mold. Place the injection machine in the back.
1.L m sch b mt lp t ca khun.t my phun nha v o pha sau.
2. Adjust the mold thickness by clamping device so that the mold is not too tight.
2.iu chnh b d y khun bng thit b kp v vy m khun khng qu cht.
3. Lift the mold by a crane and insert it between the fixed platen and movable platen.
3.Di chuyn khun bng cu trc v t n v o gia tm c nh v tm di ng.
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4. Adjust the clamping device and install the cavity adaptor plate to the fixed platen , the core adaptor plate to the movable platen respectively.
4.iu chnh thit b kp v lp t bn ni lm v o tm c nh ,v bn ni li v o tm di ng theo th t nh sn.
5. Move the injector forward, confirm the installation position of the mold, and adjust the injector stroke.
5.Di chuyn vi phun trc, khng nh v tr lp t khun, v iu chnh h nh trnh vi phun.
6. Operate the clamping device manually and check the lubrication oil and the movable portion of the mold.
6.iu chnh thit b kp bng tay kim tra du bi trn v v tr di ng ca khun.
7. Adjust the stroke of the ejector pin.
7.iu chnh h nh trnh ca vi phun.
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Mold Installation Bolt
Bulng lp t khun
The bolt position in the platen of molding machine is specified by JIS standard.
V tr lp t ca bulng trn b n my ca my l m khun c xc lp bi tiu chun JSI.

The size of the bolt is also specified according to the clamping force. The bolts, however are subject to all mold opening force or weight of the mold.
Kch thc ca bulng c xc lp theo lc kp. Bulng, tuy nhin l i tng m khun hoc trng lng ca khun.
[Mold installation bolt and the clamping force] Mold installation bolt Clamping force Bulng lp t khun Lc kp M12 Less than 30 ton M12 M16 30 ton and over, less than 300 ton M16 30 tn , 30 tn <300 tn M20 300 ton and over, less than 600 ton M20 300 tn , <600 tn M24 600 ton and over M24
600 tn
In general, molds weighing over 1 ton require 8 bolts at the movable and fixed sides, and molds weighing less than 1 ton require 4 bolts for the movable and fixed sides.
Ni chung trng lng ca khun trn 1 tn cn 8 bulng mt di ng v c nh, v trng lng ca khun nh hn mt tn cn 4 bulng b mt di ng v c nh.
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Setting Molding Conditions

iu chnh iu kin c
This chapter explains each molding condition (injection, temperature, and ejector).
y l vn gii thch mi iu kin c (s phun, nhit , my y liu).
Molding conditions differ depending on each molding material. A good part is made only with the proper setting of each condition. Air-tightness is required of the mold to prevent development of flashes during the molding process. On the other hand, good venting is necessary in order to emit the air inside the mold cavity. Setting conditions for injection molding is said to be difficult. It is often the case that there are few defects if conditions are set based on experience. The following are general molding conditions for your reference.
iu kin c ph thuc v o mi mt loi vt liu c. Mt b phn tt c sn xut khi iu chnh chnh xc iu kin. Khun i hi phi kn khng kh ngn cn s pht trin ca bavia trong thi gian c. Thng gi tt l cn thit cho s to nhit bn trong ch trng ca khun. iu chnh iu kin ca c phun l kh. thng l hm khun y c t khuyt tt nu iu kin bin l bin dng d da trn kinh nghim.Tip theo l iu kin c y cho mu ca bn.
Injection Conditions
iu kin phun
Injection pressure The injection pressure required for molding differs considerably depending on the molding material, shape, and preciseness of dimension. There is primary injection pressure with which molding material is filled in the mold cavity. There is also a secondary injection pressure (which is also called holding pressure) applied to prevent sink mark after mold filling. At the initial setting of conditions, only primary pressure is applied to satisfy the filling condition, without considering secondary pressure. This method helps specify the role of primary and secondary pressure. This Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 96
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method enables us to recognize what is necessary for the ultimate molding condition. The pressure inside the cavity changes depending on several conditions, such as the type of molding material, the structure and dimension of the clamping device, cavity shape and molding condition. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain by calculation or measurement. Injection pressure is said to decrease by 30 - 50% within the cavity due to loss of pressure.
p lc phun p lc phun cn cho khun c n quyt nh vt liu c, hnh dng , v chnh xc ca kch thc p lc ban u cng vi vt liu c c rt y vao ch trng ca khun .p lc phun th hai c p dng ngn cn cc vt lm sau khi in y khun. Ban u iu khin iu kin, ch c p lc ban u c ng dng n bo in y khun, khng xt n p lc th hai . y l phng php nh r vai tr ca p lc th nht v p lc th hai. Phng php n y c kh nng nhn dng n cn thit cho iu kin c gii hn.p lc bn trong ch lm thay i nhiu iu kin, nh loi vt liu c, kt cu v kch thc ca thit b kp, hnh dng vt lm v iu kin c.V th, n kh t c bng tnh ton hoc o. p lc phun c th ly gim 30-50% trong ch lm do gim p lc. [p lc bn trong ch lm ca nha]
[Pressure inside cavity of plastics] Resin Name Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polystyrene (PS) Polycarbonate (PC) Resin Temperature [ ] 180-300 200-300 150-180 180-315 280-320 Injection Pressure [kgf/ ] 600-1400 600-1400 1000-1500 700-1700 800-1500 Pressure Inside the Cavity [kgf/ ] 230-320 220-320 280-290 260-320 270-300
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Acrylonitrile butadienstylene (ABS) Polyamide (PA)
200-280
700-1500
330-440
230-300
800-1500
240-450
Tn nha
Nhit nha [oC] 180-300 200-300 150-180 180-315 280-320 200-280 230-300
p lc phun [kgf/cm2] 600-1400 600-1400 1000-1500 700-1700 800-1500 700-1500 800-1500
Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polystyrene (PS) Polycarbonate (PC) Acrylonitrile butadienstylene(ABS) Polyamide (PA)
p lc bn trong ch lm[kgf/cm2] 230-320 220-320 280-290 260-320 270-300 330-440 240-450
Injection Speed The faster the injection speed, the better the molding condition. However, excessive speed will result in the following inconveniences: During injection of the molding material into the mold cavity , molding material may compress the air within the mold, and the resulting high air pressure hinders further filling of the molding material. The temperature of the molding material rises to combustion temperature and considerably deteriorates the quality of the molded parts. The molten plastics is filled within the cavity before the air inside the cavity is ejected. This will cause the molding material to mix with the air, which deteriorates the surface of the part. Accordingly, it is necessary to adjust the injection speed by checking the part condition. Generally, the thinner the part is, the higher the injection speed should be. Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 98
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Tc phun Tc phun nhanh hn, iu kin c tt hn. Tuy nhin, tc ln s khng thun li cho kt qu tip theo: Trong thi gian phun vt liu v o trong ch lm ca khun, vt liu c c th b ng c bi khng kh trong khun ,v kt qu l p lc khng kh cao s cn tr hn na kim loi c in y khun. Nhit ca vt liu c tng ln n nhit chy v ch n s thay i c tnh ca cc b phn khun. Nha nng chy c in y v o trong ch trng trc khi khng kh bn trong ch trng b tng ra. y vt liu c s trn ln vi khng kh ,n s l m hng b mt ca b phn. V vy, cn thit phi iu chnh tc phun bng kim tra c tnh ca b phn. Thng thng, b phn mng hn, tc phun nn cao hn.
Temperature Condition
iu kin nhit
Resin Temperature
Nhit nha
In the case of thermoplastics resin, the volume becomes larger as the temperature of the molten plastics gets higher. Accordingly, the shrinkage rate becomes higher. However, as the temperature drops down below a certain level, the flow of the molten plastics becomes less smooth, and the shrinkage rate becomes higher.
Trong hm ca nha nhit do th tch tr th nh ln hn nhit ca nha nng chy gi c cao hn . V vy co ngt tr nn cao hn. Tuy nhin, nh nhit ca nhng ht ri xung mt bit, dng chy ca nha nng chy tr nn t u n , v co ngt tr th nh cao hn.
Mold Temperature
Nhit khun
Effects of mold temperature differ among the types of molding material. With a rise of the mold temperature, thermosetting plastics becomes harder, and the shrinkage rate becomes lower. Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 99
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Mold temperature has effects on the cooling speed of thermoplastics resin. The higher the mold temperature, the larger the heat expansion and molding shrinkage. In general, the lower the mold temperature, the shorter the molding cycle becomes. Therefore, it is advised to start with a lower temperature and then adjust to the appropriate one by raising it gradually.
Tc dng ca nhit khc nhau gia cc loi ca vt liu c. Tng nhit ca khun,nha nhit rn tr nn cng hn , v tc co ngt gim i. Nhit ca khun c tc ng n tc l m lnh ca nha nhit rn. Nhit ca khun cao hn, nhit gi n n ln hn v co ngt vt liu. Thng thng , nhit ca khun gim, chu k c tr nn ngn hn V th, n ng n bt u cng vi nhit gim v sau iu chnh thch hp,tng dn dn nhit .
[Molding Temperature] Resin Name Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polystyrene (PS) Polycarbonate (PC) Acrylonitrile butadienstylene (ABS) Polyamide (PA) Resin Temperature [ 180-300 200-300 150-180 180-315 280-320 200-280 230-300 Mold ] Temperature [ 15-75 40-60 35-65 20-60 85-125 40-85 20-90 ]
Tn nha Polyethylene
[Nhit c] Nha nhit [oC] 180-300
Khun nhit [oC] 15-75
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(PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polystyrene (PS) Polycatbonate (PC) Acrylonitrile butadienstylene (ABS) Polyamide (PA)
Ejection Condition iu kin phun
200-300 150-180 180-315 280-320 200-280 230-300
40-60 35-65 20-60 85-125 40-85 20-90
There are two types of ejectors: mechanical ejector and hydraulic ejector. Currently, the hydraulic ejector is popular. In general, the higher the ejection speed, the easier to remove the part from the mold. However, if the draft angle of the product is small, and mold-removing resistance is higher, the part could be damaged or broken under high ejection speed. Therefore, in such a case, ejection pressure needs to be raised by slowing the ejection speed.
C hai loi phun l :phun c hc v phun thu lc. Hin nay, phun bng thu lc l ph bin. Ni chung, tc phun cao, d tho cc b phn ra khi khun. Tuy nhin, Nu gc bn v sn phm nh,v lc cn di chuyn khun cao, b phn c th b h hi hoc b hng di tc phun cao,v vy p lc phun cn tng tc phun chm.
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Mechanical Structure of Molding Machine

Kt cu ca my c
The injection molding machine consists of an injection carriage, a mold and a clamping device. This chapter explains the structure of the primary elements.
My c phun gm c h thng phun , khun v h thng kp. y l vn gii thch kt cu ca phn t c bn.
(Click on each element, then a description on the element will appear on the screen)
Injection Carriage H thng phun

The injection carriage plasticsizes the molding material and injects it into the cavity. The most important part of the device is a screw cylinder, which makes a great difference in the molding condition. The screw within the screw cylinder is divided into 3 parts.
H thng phun vt liu c v a n v o ng. B phn quan trng ca thit b l vt xon phun n c ln khc nhau trong tng iu kin c. Vt xon c l thit b gm 3 b phn.
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Transfer Section This section transfers the molding material received from a material hopper into the compression section while warming up the material. It is designed to transfer the molding materials rather than mixing them. Therefore, its groove (h1) is rather deep. Compression Section The molding material transferred from the transfer section is mixed extensively to produce heat and melt the plastics. The groove at the screw becomes shallower, and the pressure for compression becomes stronger as it nears the metering section. The screw at the compression section functions to force the gas and water from the molten plastics and push these back to the transfer section. Metering Section This section mixes the material further and produces fully plasticsized molten plastics. As the groove (h2) at the screw is shallow, the shear heat developed in this section is higher than in the compression section.
B phn chuyn y l b phn di chuyn vt liu c nhn t phu nguyn liu v o trong b phn p trong thi gian l m nng nguyn liu. N c thit k di chuyn vt liu c ng hn l trn ln chng .V vy r nh c chiu su (h1). B phn nn Vt liu c c di chuyn t b phn di chuyn c trn ln sinh ra nhit chy nha. ng r nh ca vt tr th nh ch nng, v p lc nn tr nn mnh hn n gn vi b phn pha ch vt liu. Vt b phn nn c chc nng cng bc ga v nc t nha nng chy v y n tr li b phn di chuyn. B phn pha ch vt liu y l b phn trn ln vt liu v sinh ra nng lng cho nha nng chy. ng r nh (h2) vt l ch nng, di chuyn nhit trong b phn n y cao trong b phn nn.
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Screw Diameter and Injection Pressure
ng knh vt v p lc phun
The screw diameter is related to injection pressure to a certain degree for each molding machine. If the size of the screw changes, the ultimate injection pressure of the injection-molding machine will change. To determine the injection pressure, the following values are used for calculation: (1) the screw diameter and hydraulic pressure, or (2) ultimate injection pressure and hydraulic pressure, or (3) the actual injection pressure calculated by the ultimate injection pressure and hydraulic pressure. Injection pressure and ultimate injection pressure are obtained as follows:
ng knh vt c lin quan n p lc phun bit mc ca mi mt my c. Nu kch c ca ng knh thay i th gii hn p lc phun ca my c phun s thay i. Gii hn p lc phun, tip theo l gi tr s dng cho tnh ton: (1) ng knh vt v p lc thu ng, hoc(2) gii hn ca p lc phun v p lc thu ng, hoc (3) p lc phun thc t tnh ton bi gii hn p lc phun v p lc phun thu lc. p lc phun v p lc thu ng t c nh sau:
p lc phun =din tch p lc ca pistng a cm2* p lc thu ng p kgf/cm2 p lc phun ln nht p kgf/cm2 = p lc phun F kg* din tch trong vt xon Acm2
Please note that the hydraulic pressure does not indicate the actual injection pressure.
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Injection Volume, Injection Load (Weight)
Th tch phun, trng lng phun

Molding cannot be realized if the injection volume is too small. Injection volume is not only the volume of the cavity; the volume of the runner and sprue shall also be included. The equation to obtain the injection volume is as follows:
c khng th c thc hin nu p lc phun qu nh. Th tch phun khng ch l th tch ca ng;bao gm c th tch ca r nh dn v u rt. Biu thc tnh th tch phun nh sau:
Th tch phun Vcm3=h nh trnh ln nht S cm*din tch bn trong vt xon Acm2 Th tch phun l thuyt ln nht Vcm3 = h nh trnh ln nht Scm*din tch bn trong xon vt Acm2
You can assume that the actual injection volume which the injectionmolding machine can produce is smaller than the values indicated in the manufacturers' catalogs. The values in the catalogs are often the maximum injection stroke and just theoretical figures. The volume loss is not accounted for. The volume loss is the reverse flow of the molten plastics during injection. The plasticated molten plastics with low viscosity loses a considerable amount of injection force. Molten plastics with high viscosity tends to lose less injection force. The injection volume varies depending on the nature and the molding condition of the molding material. However, the most appropriate injection volume is said to be 60% to 70% of the maximum theoretical volume. Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 105
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Bn c th gi s th tch phun thc t ca my c phun c th sinh ra nh hn cng dng c ch th trong danh mc ch to. Cng dng trong danh mc thng c h nh trnh phun ln nht v chnh l con s l thuyt . th tch t hn bn k. Th tch mt mt l dng chy ngc ca nha nng chy trong lc phun.Nha nng chy cng vi nht gim dn n mt t hn lc phun. Th tch phun thay i ph thuc v o c tnh v iu kin c ca vt liu c.Tuy nhin, hu ht th tch phun chn 60% n70% ca th tch l thuyt ln nht.
Injection Rate
Nng sut phun

Injection rate is the volume injected per unit time, the same meaning as the injection speed. The shorter the injection time, the shorter the molding cycle becomes. In industrial molding, in many occasions, the quality of the part cannot be guaranteed unless it is injected with high pressures and high speeds. For example, injection molding at less than 100 tons clamping force for less than a minute is considered appropriate. In the case of thinner molding, especially high speed is required to fill in the mold. Therefore, a high injection rate is necessary.
Tc phun l phn trm th tch phun trong mt n v thi gian,n c ngha ging nh tc phun. Thi gian phun ngn hn , chu k c tr nn ngn hn. Trong c cng nghip, trong nhiu l do, c tnh ca b phn khng th c n bo tr khi n phun vi p lc cao v tc cao. cho v d,c phun t hn 100 tn lc kp cho t hn 1 pht phi ch cho tng thch. Trong hm khun ca khun mng, nht l tc cao i hi in y khun. V vy, nng sut phun cao l cn thit.
Plasticating Ability and Screw Speed
Kh nng ca cht do v tc ca vt
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The injection machine performs plastication of the molding material while the product is being cooled and solidified. The molding cycle would be wasted unless the plasticizing is completed within the cooling and solidification time. Therefore, molding injection requires large plasticizing capacity. The volume of plastication will increase if the screw cylinder revolves more. However, this may cause a thermal decomposition to the molding material, so it is advisable not to raise the number of screw speed.
My phun thc hin cht do ca vt liu c trong thi gian thi gian sn phm c l m lnh v ng rn. Chu k c c th b nh hng tr khi kim loi c b sung trong khi l m lnh v trong thi gian ng rn. V vy, c phun cn cht do c nng xut ln. Th tch ca cht do s tng nu nh vt xon quay nhiu hn. Tuy nhin, n c th l nguyn nhn phn gii nhit ca vt liu c, v vy khng nn tng tc quay.
Others
Vt khc
When a rapid molding cycle is more important than the accuracy of the part, a machine with a higher plasticating capacity is effective. The part with high melting viscosity should require a large operating torque for the screw. In such a case, it is better to use the screw optimized for mixing rather than plasticizing ability.
Khi chu k c nhanh quan trng hn chnh xc ca cc b phn , mt my dung lng cht do cao l c ch . B phn cng vi nht cao ca dng nng chy i hi vt phi c mmen vn h nh ln, n tt hn khi khi s dng vt cht do.
Clamping Device H thng kp cht
The clamping device tightens the mold with great force to prevent the mold from opening and closing due to the pressure from injection. Nowadays it is generally run by hydraulic force. There are two major systems: the direct pressure system and the toggle system: Direct Pressure System: It is the system in which the mold is tightened directly by the hydraulic force. The clamping force works anywhere as long as it is within clamping stroke range. Toggle System Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 107
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This is the system using a mechanical device called a "toggle link". Clamping force comes from mechanical power, but the force works only when the toggle arm is fully extended. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the clamping device according to the mold thickness. The following are the comparison between the direct pressure system and the toggle system:
H thng kp cht khun cng vi lc kp ln ngn cn m v ng khun theo hng p lc phun.Ng y nay n thng chy bi lc thu ng. C 2 loi h thng chnh: h thng iu khin p lc v h thng dch chuyn H thng iu khin p lc: N l mt h thng kp cht khun bng lc thu ng. Lc kp l m vic mi ni d i nh trong gii hn ca h nh trnh kp. H thng dch chuyn y l h thng s dng thit b c hc gi l bn l di chuyn. Lc kp l lc c hc, nhng lc ch l m vic khi cn my di chuyn m rng. V vy n cn phi iu chnh thit b kp theo chiu d y ca khun Sau y l so snh h thng iu khin p lc v h thng di chuyn:
[Comparison Between Direct Pressure System & Toggle System] Comparing condition Speed of opening/closi ng Mold replacement Mold clamping force Set up of clamping force Mold opening Direct pressure system Slow Toggle system
Fast
Easy Same force as hydrauli c pressure Easy Small
Need adjustment by the thickness of the mold
More force than the given force due to mechanical tightening
Uncertain as it depends on tightening condition of bolt Large Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 108
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stroke
[So snh gia h thng iu khin p lc v h thng kp cht] So snh iu H thng iu H thng dch chuyn kin khin p lc Tc chm nhanh ng/m Thay th d Cn iu khin chiu d y ca khun khun Lc kp p lc thu Lc ln hn lc cho a v o c cu kp khun ng cht Thit lp d N quyt nh iu kin kp cht ca bulng lc kp H nh trnh nh ln m khun
Calculation of the Clamping Force
Tnh ton lc kp cht

Clamping force is calculated as follows: [Example] Assuming that you make two molds for the following parts (units : mm) :
The required clamping force F [kgf] is calculated by the following equation: A : Total projection area of the part[ ] F A*P/0.8 P : Average pressure within the cavity [kgf/ ] 0.8 : Safety rate Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 109
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In the case of the above drawing, A becomes the projection area for the two cavities and runner parting line. What is the total? A = projection area of the cavities + runner portion projection =(190*150)*2+(30*3) =57090[ ] =570.9[ ] Assuming P=400 [kgf/ ], F 570.9*400/0.8 285450[kgf] 285.45[tf] Therefore, a molding machine with 285.45 ton clamping force should be used.
Lc kp cht c tnh ton nh sau: [V d] Gi thuyt bn l m 2 khun vi cc b phn sau( n v : mm) : i hi lc kp F [kgf] c tnh ton bng phng trnh sau: A: tng din tch hnh chiu ca cc b phn [cm2] FA*P/0.8 P :p lc chun trong ch trng [kgf/cm2] 0.8 :h s an to n Trong hm khun ca hnh v bn trn, A tr th nh din tch hnh chiu ca 2 ch trng r nh dn ng phn khun. Tng l g? A= din tch hnh chiu ca ch trng + din tch hnh chiu phn d nh dn =(190*150)*2 +(30*3) =57090 [mm2] =507.9 [cm2] Gi thuyt P =400[kgf/cm2] F570.9*400/0.8 285450[kgf] 285.45 [tf] V vy, my c cng vi lc kp 285.45 tn c s dng
Mold Opening and Closing Stroke
H nh trnh m v ng khun
The mold opening/closing stroke needs to be examined thoroughly; otherwise, the part may not be removed from the mold. In the toggle system, the toggle link position is moved by a thickness adjustment device, and the mold is tightened while the link is constantly extended. As such, a stroke can be secured between maximum and Thaivu.com su tm v chia s 110
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minimum mold thickness. In the direct pressure system, there is no structure to move the clamping device. Therefore, the stroke can be secured at the minimum thickness range. Be aware and cautious that the stroke is reduced as the mold becomes thicker.
H nh trnh m v ng khun cn phi kim tra lu lng ; cch khc,b phn c th khng tho c t khun. Trong h thng dch chuyn,v tr bn l dch chuyn di chuyn bi iu chnh h thng, v khun tr nn cht ch hn khi bn l lin tc c m rng.Nh vy h nh trnh c th c n bo gia gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht chiu d y khun. Trong iu khin h thng lc, y khng c kt cu di chuyn thit b kp. V vy, h nh trnh c th kp cht chiu d y nh nht. Nhn bit v thn trng h nh trnh l gim bt chiu d y ca khun.
Power and Transfer System H thng lc v di chuyn

Recently, most injection molding machines are run by the hydraulic force system. This is because the hydraulic system is easy to adjust in speed and pressure and because it can direct the force transfer freely and flexibly. The hydraulic device consists of the following:
o o o
Power unit, which sends oil, the source of force, into the hydraulic circuits. Valve which adjusts the flow and movement of the oil. Actuator which performs work by the force received by oil.
Bi v h thng thy lc d iu chnh tc v p lc v bi v n c th iu chnh di chuyn lc t do v linh hot. Thit b thu lc bao gm nh sau: o n v lc, pht du, ngun gc ca lc, v o trong dng thu lc. o Van iu chnh dng chy v chuyn ng ca du. o B phn dn ng l m vic bi lc nhn t dng du.
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n v lc Bm, ng c
Van iu chnh p lc iu khin hng
B phn dn ng chu k kp khun chu k phun
Hnh trnh lm vic
lc khi ng
Quyt nh ln v hng ca lc
Di chuyn lc vo trong hnh trnh
Electric Control
The following are 3 types of electric circuits used for injection molding:
o o o
Power transfer circuits-control of hydraulic device Electric heat circuits- heater control of screw cylinder Power circuits-electric motor-(motor, pump) control
To control the electric circuits, no breaker point sequence (meaning continuing or in sequence) with IC is employed.
iu khin in Sau y l 3 loi dng in s dng trong c phun: o in chuyn iu khin dng ca h thng thu lc o Nhit in iu khin dng nhit ca vt xon o Dng iu khin ng c in (bm, ng c)
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Cc loi nha v c tnh ca n
Chng ny trnh by s khc nhau gia nha nhit do v nha nhit rn,v s khc nhau gia cht do kt tinh v cht do v nh hnh.
Nha nhit do Loi nha ny mm hoc chy ra nu c t nng. Cht do t n trang thi mm hoc tan chy c phun vo hc khun trong qu trnh c. Khi h bt nhit nha s ng cng li (solidifies). Nha ng cng c th mm tr li di tc ng ca nhit. Nha do nhit do c th phn thnh cht do kt tinh (crystalline plastics) v cht do v nh hnh (amorphous plastics), c hai u c th dng cho khun c phun. Chu trnh c (molding cycle) c th ngn hn so vi cht do nhit rn. Di y l cc sn phm ca nha nhit do. [Mt s th d s dng nha nhit do] Tn nha Cng dng [PE mt thp] ng thc phm, ung, l ng thuc, mng ng gi, v dy in, chi, gia dng. [PE mt cao] Ti sch hng, ti ng rc, Hp ng x phng bt, ng thot nc, ng dn kh.
Polyethylene (PE)
Chi tit ni tht v bn ngoi ca t, mng bao gi thc Polypropylene phm, bn my git, (PP) Thng nha, can nha, cc ngn t, gh, chn tch mng, bp nc.
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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
[Vt liu PVCcng] Dng trong nng nghip, ng dn v thot nc, ng dy in, lp vch cho cabin bn tm, khung ca s, ng ni, chp n.
[Vt liu PVC mm] Vt liu lt sn v vt liu dn tng, gi thc phm, ng trong nng nghip.
Polystyrene (PS)
Hp nha trong sut ng thc n (HIPS), cc b phn cho thit b in gia dng ln nh tivi, t lnh, my git, my iu ho, vt liu cch nhit, bnh cha. My tnh c nhn, my in, my Fax, in thoi di ng, a cng nh CD v DVD, pha n xe t, mt ng h, vt liu lp, nh xe, vt liu cch m trong xy dng.
Polycarbonate (PC)
My tnh c nhn, my in, my Fax, t lnh, my iu Acrylonitrile ho,my ht bi, my tr chi, chi, th thao, gii butadienstylene tr. (ABS) Cc chi tit chuyn ng ca my (bc lt, bnh rng, cam vv) kp ti liu, bulng Moving parts of machine (bearing, gear, cam, etc.) Fastener, bolt
Polyamide (PA)
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[Vt liu nha s dng cho cc b phn xe t]
Carry box (ABS) : hp ng Roof rail (PC): Gi trn mui xe. Spoiler (ABS): Np cp sau Over fender (PP): Tm chn bn bnh xe. Bumper (PP): Ba sc bo v t.
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[Vt liu nha s dng bn trong t]
Dash board (ABS): bng iu khin. Console box(pp): hp iu khin. Brake pedal (PA): bn p phanh. Door rim (PP): p ca.
Nha nhit rn.

Loi nha ny mm i khi chu nhit nhng khng tan chy. Cht do ny c n vo pha trong hc khun khi n mm. Vt liu ny ng cng chm hn do c phn ng ho hc bi s gia tng nhit . Cht do nhit rn khi b cng li n s khng mm nh c cho d c nung nng. Cc cht do nhit rn u l cc loi nha v nh hnh, mt vi th khng ph hp vi c phun. Chu trnh c vi cc cht do ny l di hn.
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th i g nh r ia o n
rn rn lng
Cht do nhit rn s b mm ra sau khi b t nng qu nhit (Tg ). cho n cng li, nhit phi c gi di nhit xy ra phn ng ho hc(Tg), nu khng ch c phn ng ho hc xy ra, m khng c qu trnh cng li.
Tg
nhit
Tg
Tg Tg
:@ mm
t cht do bt u
:@ nhit cht do bt u phn ng m khng ng rn
[Thi gian phn ng v ng rn ca nha nhit rn] Cc sn phm cht do lm t cht do nhit rn nh : [Mt s v d s dng cht do nhit rn] Tn nha Nha Epoxy (EP) Nha Phenol (PF) Cng dng Thng ng thuc, ng, hp, IC, u ni, cht keo, sn, cht ph. Sn phm in v in t, chi tit ca t, thit b in, cc chi tit c ng, cng tc, gt tn, np du, thng nhin liu, quai ni, a
S khc nhau gia cht do kt tinh v cht do v nh hnh
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Cht do kt tinh Cht do v nh hnh Cc cht do ny khng hp thnh chui lin kt u n v ch c trng thi rn. D m bo kch thc chnh xc hn so vi cht do kt tinh. nht (Viscosity) thay i trong khong nhit +100 0 C t im nhit chuyn pha thu tinh.
Chui cc phn t ca cc cht do c uc lin kt rt u, nhiu chui phn t ny khng cho php m bo chnh xc kch thc
[im nhit nng chy v ho rn i vi mi loi nha] im Tn nha nng chy [ ] Polyethyl ene (PE) Cht do kt tinh Polyprop ylene (PP) Polyamid e (PA) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Cht do v nh hnh Polystyre ne (PS) nhit xi lanh nhit ng rn [ ] nhit khun [ ]
[ ] 200 - 300
110 - 141
100 - 200
15 - 75
168 - 186
200 - 300
100 - 200
15 - 90
215 - 265
220 - 350
145 - 170
20 - 90
87 - 212
140 - 210
87
35 - 65
100 - 240
170 - 310
100
20 - 60
Polycarbo nate 150 - 250 (PC)
270 - 380
150
85 - 125
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Acrylonit rile butadiens tylene (ABS)
80 - 255
200 - 300
80 - 125
40 - 85
Property of Plastics
Chng ny trnh by v c tnh c a ch t d o v cc thng s c a cc lo i v t li u trong cng ngh c. c tnh c a ch t d o
c tnh ca cht do (Plastic) c phn loi theo 5 ch tiu sau: Nhng c in c cp y c th dng tham kho khi chn cht do. Tuy nhin, cc c tnh ny kh trnh khi thay khi nhit hoc m thay i, v vy chn cht do cn tnh ton tht cn thn v s thay i iu kin mi trng.
C tnh
C tnh l k n s bin dng hoc b t v ca cht do do s thay i c hc nh ti trong t ln n chng hn. C tnh ca cht do ph thuc vo nhit , ti trng tc dng v khong thi gian chu ti trng t vo. N cng c th b tc ng do bc x tia cc tm khi s dng ngoi tri.
Tnh ch t nhi t
c tnh v nhit bao gm kh nng chu nhit v kh nng bt la ca cht do. Nha nhit (Thermoplastics) do c h s gin n nhit ln hay c tnh d bt la v tnh dn nhit hay nhit dung nh hn vt liu khc nh kim loi chng hn.
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Tnh cht ha hc bn ha hc, kh nng chng nt do mi trng (environmental stress crack resistance) hoc kh nng chu c s thay i ca mi trng l c tnh ha hc. Khi nha tip xc vi cc ha cht, s mt c s thay i no . Sau khi nha tip xc vi ha cht khong mt tun, s thay i s xut hin, khi lng v kch thc c thay i. Nhng thay i ny c xem nh tnh cht ha hc ca n.
c tnh v i n
c tnh v in ca cht do thng c xem nh nhng tnh in t. Tnh cht in bao gm tnh cch in, dn in, tch in tnh. Nh c tnh cch in tt, nn nha thng c s dng trong cc lnh vc in. Tuy nhin, nu cht do c nhng khuyt tt, chng d b nhim in.
L tnh
Trng lng ring, h s khc x v tnh ht m chng c gi l tnh cht vt l ca cht do. Trng lng ring ca cht do thng l nh v n thay i ph thuc vo c tnh ca Polyme cao (high polymer), hoc tc ng nhit v c i vi cht do.
c tnh c a v t li u c
l cc c tnh, kh nng ng dng, nhng iu cn lu khi s dng, ch c v tnh cht vt l ca cc vt liu em c (molding material ) ( Ch c tnh cht vt l ca cht do nhit rn(thermosetting plastics)). Cc ch tiu ca vt liu c thng bin i thnh nhng trng thi khc nhau do nhiu yu t. c im chung, kh nng ng dng, lu khi dng, v ch c c gii thiu di y:
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Polyamide (Nylon) (PA) a. c im : Chng va p cc tt v c bn ha hc cao, chu c nhit thp v cch in tt. Nhit nng chy cao, chu nhit tt. Nh c tnh t bi trn nn n thng c dng lm cc bc ca cc chi tit c kh. b. ng dng: Thng c s dng cho cc b phn chuyn ng ca my (bc, bnh rng, cam) hoc bulong. c. Ch : V n c c im l ht m, do chnh xc v kch thc b nh hng v cht lng ca vt liu c th thay i. v vy cn phi c xy kh trc khi c. nht khi chy long thp nn c th to ra bavia (flashes). d. Ch c: Ni chung nhit nha thng c t cao. iu khin nhit khun lm ngui u.
C TNH 1( Nhit sy-p sut phun)

Nha Lo i Ny lon 6 Ny lon 6-6 Ct liu K hiu Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] 8 - 15 Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ] 800 1500 1000 1500
Polya mide (Nylo n)
PA6
80
220 - 300
20 - 90
PA6 6
80
8 - 15
250 - 350
20 - 90
C TNH 2 ( gin di- Trng lng ring)

Nha Lo i Ct liu K hiu gin di [%] T l co ngt [%] chu nhit lu di [ ] Nhit b bin dng. [ ] Trng lng ring
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Ny lon 6 Ny lon 6-6
Polya mide (Nylo n)
PA6
25 320 60 320
0.5 1.5 0.8 2.0
82 - 121
60 - 70
1.12 1.14 1.13 1.15
PA6 6
82 - 121
66 - 105
C TNH 3 ( bn ko - bn va p)
Nha Lo i Ny lon 6 Ny lon 6-6 Ct liu K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] 490 850 630 850 bn nn [kgf/ ] 914 bn un [kgf/ ] bn va p [kgf/ ]
Polya mide (Nylo n)
PA6
560 - 1250
1.0 - 20.0
PA6 6
1050
430 - 1200
1.0 - 5.4
Polypropylene (PP)
a. c im: Loi ny c trng lng ring nh nht trong cc loi nha thng dng. Tnh chy long rt tt. c s dng vi cc loi cng phn phi khc nhau nh: cng phn phi kiu im cht (pinpoint gate), cng phn phi trc tip (direct gate), cng phn phi c bit Loi ny khng cn sy kh vt liu trc khi c v n ht m rt t. H s co ngt c (Molding shrinkage) thay i ty theo nhit khun. b. ng dng: Thng c dng cho cc chi tit rt ln hoc cc chi tit cc mng. V n c bn mi rt tt, nn thng c dng lm cc chi tit nh khp ni, bn l chu un nhiu ln. c. Ch : Do c h s co ngt ln, nn n c th b bin dng nu ch lm lnh trong khun khng .
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com c t c chnh xc kch thc, phi thc hin iu chnh nhit . Khi dng khun, c th gy ra (sink marks) hoc l, nn p sut phun (injection pressure) phi tng i cao. d. iu kin c: Nhit c thng dng l 40-60 . p sut phun tiu chun l 800-1200KG/cm2. Tuy nhin, vi p sut cao nht d sinh bavia (flash). Phm vi nhit c (molding temperature) thch hp l khong 200300 v tt hn ht l dng vng nhit cao.
C TNH TH NHT( Nhit sy-p sut phun)

Nha Lo i Ct liu K hiu Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ]
Th n g d Polypr opylen ng e (PP) -
PP
180 - 300 20 - 90
600 1410
Si thy tinh 40%
PP
200 - 300 20 - 90
703 1410
C TNH TH HAI ( gin di- Trng lng ring)

gin di [%] H s co ngt %] Kh nng chu nhit lin tc [ ] Nhit bin dng nhit [ ] 103 130 Trng lng ring
Nha
Lo i
Ct liu
K hiu
Polypr opylen e (PP)
Th n g d
PP
100 800
1.0 2.5
88 - 115
0.90 0.91
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ng Si thy tinh 40% 2.0 4.0 0.2 1.8 110 161 1.22 1.23
PP
121 - 138
C TNH TH BA ( bn ko - dai va p)
Nha Lo i Ct liu K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] bn nn [kgf/ ] bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ]
Th n g d Polypr opylen ng e (PP) -
PP
210 400
260 562
352 - 492
1.5 110
Si thy tinh 40%
PP
560 1000
387 492
492 1000
6 - 11
POLYETHYLENCE (PE) a. c im: C 2 loi PE : PE t trng thp v PE t trng cao. PE t trng thp th mm hn PE t trng cao. N c tnh c rt tt. Cn PE t trng cao th c cng tt v tnh chng va p rt cao. C bn ha hc rt tt. Khng cn sy trc khi c bi v n khng ht m. b. ng dng: PE t trng thp c dng sn xut cc chi tit mm v d un. N thng dng i vi chi tit hnh dng phc tp hoc vt liu bao gi. Loi ny cn c dng pha vo vt liu c ci thin tnh chy long ca cc vt liu c (molding materials). PE t trng cao thng c dng ch to cc thng phi hoc lm cc sn phm nha ln nh thng cha
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c. Ch : Nu nhit c cao s dn n kt qu sau: Chu trnh c (molding cycle) di hn, bn va p gim i, co ngt (molding shrinkage) tr ln ln hn v trng lng ring tng ln. Nhit c thp l nguyn nhn lm cho b mt vt c b tch ra hoc bin dng. d. iu kin c: Nhit khun cao hn s ci thin c bng b mt v hnh dng, ng nt ca chi tit. p sut c (injection pressure) cao hn s lm cho nhit ca nha nng chy bn trong khun u hn. N lm tng mt v bn ca nha. Nn s dng p sut duy tr thp sau khi nha nng chy c in y. C TNH TH NHT( Nhit sy-p sut phun)
Nha Lo i M t th p Polyet hylene (PE) M t tru ng b nh M t Ct liu K hiu Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ]
LD PE
150 - 270
20 - 60
500 2110
MD PE
200 - 300
10 - 60
562 2110
HD PE
200 - 300
10 - 80
600 1410
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ca o

Lo i Ct liu K hiu gin di [%] H s co ngt %] Kh nng chu nhit lin tc [ ] Nhit bin dng nhit [ ] Trng lng ring
Nha
M t th p M t tru ng b nh M t ca o
LD PE
90 800
1.5 5.0
80 - 100
37.6 49.2
0.91 0.925
Polyet hylene (PE)
MD PE
50 600
1.5 5.0
48.7 - 121
48.7 73.7
0.926 0.940
HD PE
20 130
2.0 6.0
78 - 124
59.8 88
0.941 0.965
Lo i Ct liu K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] bn nn [kgf/ ] bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ]
Nha
Polyet hylene (PE)
M t th p M
LD PE
42 161
Kh v
MD
84 -
337 - 492
2.7 - 87
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t tru ng b nh M t ca o PE 246
HD PE
218 387
190 253
2.7 - 87
Acrylonitrile butadienstylene (ABS) a. c im: y l loi nha c tnh n hi tt v kh v. L loi nha v nh hnh (Amorphous plastics), n t c kh nng chu ng iu kin kh hu xu. L vt liu d t c chnh xc kch thc v gi c s n nh v kch thc. L vt liu d thc hin gia cng tip theo (gia cng c, m in, hn chy). b. ng dng: Thng c s dng lm cc thit b in trng gia nh v ni tht. c. Ch : y l vt liu c c tnh ht m tt, nn cn phi sy trc khi em c, mt khc n hay b c bt kh hoc vt gy (cracks) trn b mt sn phm. Nn trnh c hnh dng mng, kh in y khun. d. iu kin c: Duy tr nhit khun c tng i cao, nhit n nh khong 60 80 0C. p sut c cao v ABS c tnh chy long km.
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Nha L o i c ng ca o B Acrylon n itrile nh butadien it stylene (ABS) Ct liu K hiu Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ]
AB S
70 80
180 - 260
40 - 80
560 1760
AB S
70 80
250 - 300
40 - 80
560 1760
Si th y tinh 20 %40 %
AB S
70 80
200 - 260
40 - 80
1050 2810

L o i Ct liu K hiu gin di [%] H s co ngt %] Kh nng chu nhit lin tc [ ] Nhit bin dng nhit [ ] Trng lng ring
Nha
c Acrylon ng itrile ca butadien o stylene B (ABS) n nh it
AB S
3.0 20.0
0.2 0.9
60 - 93
82 - 108
1.02 1.07
AB S
5.0 25.0
0.2 0.9
88 - 165
93 - 122
1.05 1.08
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AB S
2.5 3.0
0.1 0.2
93 - 110
93 - 118
1.22 1.36
L o i c ng ca o B Acrylon n itrile nh butadien it stylene (ABS) Ct liu K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] bn nn [kgf/ ] bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ]
Nha
AB S
400 610
127 879
773 - 1000
6 - 33.7
AB S
400 560
506 702
703 - 1050
10.9 35.4
AB S
570 740
600 1550
1120 1900
5.4 13.1
Polycarbonate (PC) a. c im: Loi ny c nhit chy cao, nht (viscosity) cng cao. H s co ngt c (molding shrinkage rate) kh nh (0.5-0.8%) v khng b nh hng bi v tr cng phn phi (gates) Khng b ha mm di 150oC.
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Chng va p cc tt. b. ng dng: Dng ch to cc chi tit c yu cu v bn, cc chi tit chu ti trng ng v ln. c. Ch : Cn pho sy kh trc khi c do c c im l ht m cao, nu khng hnh dng v cht lng c th b hng. Nhit c cao nn khin chu trnh c (molding cycle) di hn. Nhit khun thp c th lm chi tit bin dng. Nu p lc phun (injection pressure) qu cao s lm cho chi tit bin dng bn trong nn d v. d. iu kin c: Nhit khun trong khong 85-110oC. Nu nhit ny cao hn th nha chy trong ng ng s tt hn v tng bng hnh dng bn ngoi. N cng lm gim bin dng ca sn phm. p lc c c th t cao, Nhit c (Molding temperature) nn nm trong khong 260 3000C. C TNH TH NHT( Nhit sy-p sut phun)
Lo i Ct li u K hi u Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hour s] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ]
Nha
Polyc arbon ate (PC)
Th n g d ng
PC
120
24
250 380
80 120
700 1500
Si th y tin h
PC
120
24
270 380
80 120
700 1410
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<1 0% Si th y tin h 10 %
PC
120
24
270 380
80 120
1050 2810

Ct li u K hi u gin di [%] H s co ngt %] Kh nng chu nhit lin tc [ ] Nhit bin dng nhit [ ] Trng lng ring
Nha
Lo i
Th n g d ng
PC
100 130
0.5 0.7
121 133
132 143
1.19 1.20
Si th y tin h <1 0% Si th y tin h <1 0% 40 %
PC
510
0.2 0.5
135
146
1.27 1.28
P C
0.9 5.0
0.1 0.3
135
149 154
1.24 1.52
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com C TNH TH BA ( bn ko - dai va p)

Ct Lo li i u Th n g d ng K hi u bn ko [kgf/ ] bn nn [kgf/ ] bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ]
Nha
PC
550 735
844
950
66 100
Si th y tin h <1 0% Si th y tin h 10 %40 %
PC
630 675
984
1050
6.5
PC
840 1760
914 1480
1200 2250
11
Polystyrene (PS)
a. c im: C tnh chy long rt tt. co ngt (molding shrinkage) t, khng ht m. bn nhit tt nn s phn hy nhit khng xy ra ngay c khi nhit c (molding temperature) qu ln. Cch in tt v bn ha hc cao.
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com b. Ch : Nu ch c khng thch hp th s gy ra bin dng v gy ra ng sut d bn trong chi tit. iu ny s gy nt (cracks) trong khi tho chi tit khi khun. p lc phun (injection pressure) qa ln c th gy ra bavia (flashes). c. iu kin c: Ni chung nhit khun di 40oC. nng cao bng b mt nn chn 60 - 70 oC.

Nha Lo i Th n g d ng Va p cao Polyst yrene (PS) B n nhi t Ct liu K hiu Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ]
GP PS
120 - 310
20 - 70
700 2110
HIP S
190 - 280
10 - 80
703 2110
PS
190 - 280
20 - 80
703 2110
Si thy tinh 20 %30 %
PS
170 - 280
20 - 80
1050 2810
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Nha
Th n g d ng Va p cao Polyst yrene (PS) B n nhi t
GP PS
1.6 4.0
0.2 0.7
60 - 80
74 - 110
1.03 1.09
HIP S
13.0 50.0
0.2 0.8
59.8 - 82
72 - 104
1.03 1.06
PS
2.0 60.0
0.2 0.6
1.05 1.09
PS
1.0 2.0
0.1 0.3
82 - 93
97 - 110
1.20 1.33
Lo i Ct liu K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] bn nn [kgf/ ] bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ]
Nha
Polyst yrene (PS)
Th n g d ng Va p
GP PS
350 840
809 1120
550 - 1000
1.1 - 2.2
HIP S
200 476
281 633
211 - 844
2.6 20.0
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cao B n nhi t 350 530 2.2 19.0
PS
PS
630 1050
949 1270
738 - 1410
1.4 - 2.2
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) a. c im: Khi nng chy th nht (viscosity) cao, Tnh chy long km, c im l c c im ha hc tt v d nh c tnh chng xy ha v kim. Chu c iu kin thi tit khc nghit, b. Ch : iu chnh nhit b gii hn, nu khng iu chnh ng th chi tit c th b phn hy do b chy hoc n mn khun c. Tt hn ht l nn thay i p lc phun (injection pressure), rnh rt (sprue), ng dn (runner), ca phn phi (gate) cn c mng hn, ngn hn v dy ca sn phm cn c dy nht nu c th. Nu tc phun (injection speed) qu nhanh th nhit ma st tng v d bc chy. c. iu kin c: Khi c nn s dng p lc c trong khong 800-1200Kgf/cm2. Nhit c (Molding temperature) nn t thp, thng thng di 180-190oC Nn gim tc phun.
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Nha Lo i Ct liu K hiu Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ]
V t li u Poly m vinyl chlor m ide (PV V t C) li u c ng
SPV C
140 - 190
10 - 60
562 1760
HP VC
170 - 210
10 - 60
703 2810

Nha
V t li u Poly m vinyl chlor m ide (PV V t C) li u c ng
SPV C
200 450
1.0 5.0
1.35 - 1.6
HP VC
40 - 80
0.1 0.5
54.2 - 105
57.0 - 82
1.30 1.58
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Lo Nha i V t li u Poly m vinyl chlor m ide (PV V t C) li u c ng Ct liu K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] bn nn [kgf/ ] bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ]
SPV C
100 240
63 120
2.2 - 100
HP VC
385 630
562 914
703 - 1120
Bin i ln
Epoxy (EP)

Nha Lo i Ct liu Si thy tinh K hiu Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ] -
Epoxy (EP)
Tr ng l Glas ng s ri ball ng th p
EP
121 - 149
703 - 1050
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Nha
Si thy tinh
EP
0.1 - 0.5
149 - 260
1.6 - 2.0
Epoxy (EP)
EP
0.6 - 1.0
0.75 - 1.0
Nha Lo i Ct liu Si thy tinh K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] 703 1410 bn nn [kgf/ ] 1760 2810 bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ] 10.9 163
EP
703 - 4220
Epoxy (EP)
EP
176 281
703 1050
352 - 492
0.82 1.36
Phenolic resin (PF)
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Nh a Lo i Ct liu K hiu PF Nhit sy [ ] Thi gian sy [hours] Nhit xylanh [ ] Nhit khun [ ] p sut phun [kgf/ ] -
T c Bt g, Phen ng Si olic m resin nh (PF) b Si n thy ca tinh o
PF
183 - 222
703 1410
PF
165 - 199
352 1410

Nh a Lo i Ct liu K hiu gin di [%] 1.0 1.5 H s co ngt %] 1.0 1.2 Kh nng chu nhit lin tc [ ] 121 Nhit bin dng nhit [ ] Trng lng ring 1.21 1.30
PF
T c Bt Phen g, ng olic Si m resin nh (PF) b Si n thy ca tinh o
PF
0.4 0.8
0.4 0.9
149 - 176
1.34 1.45
PF
0.2
0.1 0.4
176 - 288
1.69 - 2.0
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Nh a Lo i Ct liu K hiu bn ko [kgf/ ] 492 562 bn nn [kgf/ ] 703 2190 bn un [kgf/ ] dai va p [kgf/ ] 1.09 1.96
PF
844 - 1050
T c Bt Phen g, ng olic Si m resin nh (PF) b Si n thy ca tinh o
PF
352 633
155 253
492 - 984
1.31 3.27
PF
352 1270
1120 4920
703 - 422
1.63 100
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Vn khuyt tt v gii php. y l vn gii thch khuyt tt c nh vt lm, cong vnh v s bin trng v cch phng nga cc hin tng . Khuyt tt khi c do cc nguyn nhn phc tp v c lin quan n nhau nh sau: S c ca my p Ch p khng ph hp Cc li trong thit k sn phm v khun La chn vt liu nha khng thch hp Nh vy vn l phc tp v c th khng gii quyt c nu ch s dng mt gii php. Bi vy kh gii quyt vn trong thi gian ngn. Tuy nhin iu quan trng l phn tch nguyn nhn ca ca cc khuyt tt c, c gng tm gii php hp l v loi tr cc khuyt tt. Vt lm (Sink Mark) y l mt hin tng ni c xut hin vt lm trn cc b mt ca sn phm. N c thy trn nha kt tinh (crystalline plastics) c t l co ngt cao. Khi c gn trn mt sau ca tm , mt vt lm s c to ra trn b mt . Nguyn nhn: Nguyn nhn y l do co ngt ca nha nng chy trong thi gian c. Do d y ca vt c khng u, n ko theo s ng cng khng u. iu c ngha l p sut khng u trn tt c cc phn ca lng khun. Ngay c khi c p sut, n cng gim i nhanh chng Gii php :
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Tng p sut phun ln v gim nhit ca nha nng chy. Nhit ca khun cn c h thp. L m cng phn phi v r nh dn d y v b xung cng phn phi ni vt lm xut hin. Gi d y ca sn phm nha ng u.
B bin dng (Warpage) y l hin tng sn phm b vnh hoc b vn khi tho ra khi khun. Do nha nng chy ng rn trong thi gian chy, c th c bin dng d cng nh ng sut d. Bin dng xut hin khi sn phm c tho ra khi khun va p sut khng cn. Nguyn nhn Tnh thi gian co ngt khng ng do nhit ca cc b mt khun khc nhau (nhit b mt hc v li). Th tch co ngt thay i bi v d y th nh sn phm khc nhau. Nhit ca khun cng qu cao hoc khng ng u, hoc l m mt khng ng u. nhit nha nng chy cao. p lc phun thp Gii php Gi thi gian l m lnh d i hn v gim tc phun. iu chnh v tr cht y hoc tng gc thot khun. Kim tra d y ca tng b phn hoc kch thc. Gim ti a lc cn dng chy gim thiu bin dng bn trong.
Whitening
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S bin trng After the ejection by the ejector pin, the surface of the ejected part or surrounding part turns white. When some portion of the part is hard to remove from the mold, that portion also turns white. This phenomenon is called whitening. Sau khi y sn phm ra nh cht y, b mt ca phn c y hoc phn xung quanh b bin trng. Khi mt v i phn ca b phn kh tho ra khi khun, phn cng bin trng. Hin tng n y gi l s bin trng. Nguyn nhn B phn kh g t khun . Cht lng ca b mt khun km. Gii php nh bng khun tt d tho sn phm. Gim p lc phun (injection pressure) g d tho sn phm. Gim tc cht y, v tng s cht y.
Weldline ng h n This is a phenomenon where a thin line is created when different flows of molten plastics in a mold cavity meet and remain undissolved. It is a boundary between flows caused by incomplete dissolution of molten plastics. It often develops around the far edge of the gate. y l mt hin tng ni mt ng thng mnh c to th nh .Khi dng chy khc ca nha nng chy trong ch trng ca khun gp nhau v phn cn li khng b ho tan. N l dng chy gia bin nguyn nhn bi s ho tan khng ho n to n ca nha nng chy. N thng pht trin vng quanh xa bin ca u rt.
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Cause Low temperature of the mold causes incomplete dissolution of the molten plastics. Nguyn nhn Nhit ca khun gim nguyn nhn do s ho tan khng ho n to n ca nha nng chy. Solution Increase injection speed and raise the mold temperature. Lower the molten plastics temperature and increase the injection pressure Change the gate position and the flow of molten plastics. Change the gate position to prevent development of weldline. Gii php Tng tc phun v tng nhit khun. Gim nhit ca nha nng chy v tng p lc phun. Thay i v tr ca u rt v dng chy ca nha nng chy. Thay i v tr ca u rt cn tr s pht trin ca ng h n.
Flashes Bavia Flashes develop at the mold parting line or ejector pin installation point. It is a phenomenon where molten plastics bulge out and stick to the gap. Bavia pht trin ng phn khun hoc ng phun h thng im.N l hin tng ni nha nng chy gi n n bn ngo i v bm v o k h. Cause Since the thickness of the part is not uniform, the thick and thin parts have different injection pressures and injection speeds.
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Poor quality of the mold. The molten plastics has low viscosity and high flow. Injection pressure is too high, or clamping force is too weak. Nguyn nhn Khi d y ca th nh khng u, b phn d y v mng c p lc phun v tc phun khc nhau. B mt th ca khun. Khi nha nng chy c nht thp v dng chy cao . p lc phun qu cao, hoc lc kp cht qu yu Solution Avoiding excessive difference in thickness is most effective. Slow down the injection speed. Apply well-balanced pressure to the mold to get consistent clamping force, or increase the clamping force Enhance the quality of the parting lines, ejector pins and holes. Gii php Ngn nga s khc nhau qu mc trong chiu d y th nh l c ch. Gim tc phun. t p lc cn bng khun gi c lc kp cht,hoc tng lc kp cht Nng cao c tnh ca ng phn, khun ng phun v l.
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Khuyt thiu (Short Shot) This is the phenomenon where molten plastics does not fill the mold cavity completely. and the portion of parts becomes incomplete shape. y l hin tng nha nng chy khng in y ch trng khun. V hnh dng ca khun tr th nh hnh dng khng y . Cause The injection volume or injection pressure is insufficient. Injection speed is so fast that the molten plastics become solid before air within cavity is ejected. Injection speed is so slow that the molten plastics becomes solid before it flows to the end of the mold. Nguyn nhn Th tch phun hoc p lc phun khng . Tc phun nhanh hn nha nng chy tr th nh rn trc khi khng kh trong ch trng b y ra. Tc phun v vy chm nha nng chy tr th nh cht rn trc khi chy ht v o khun. Solution Apply higher injection pressure. Install air vent or degassing device.
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com Change the shape of the mold or gate position for better flow of the plastics. Gii php Dng p lc phun cao hn. Lp t ca thng gi hoc thit b tch kh. Thay i hnh dng ca khun hoc v tr ca u rt cho dng chy ca nha tt hn.
S to ui (Jetting) y l hin tng sn phm c dng dy chy trn b mt khun. Nguyn nhn V tr ca cng phn phi khng ph hp, dng chy ca nha lng v o lng khun c l m lnh th nh dng ng dy v khng ho tan vi dng nha khc n sau. Gii php Tng nhit nha nng chy v khun, v tng tc phun l m cho dng ban u v dng n sau ca nha nng chy ho tan ho n to n. thay i v tr u rt l m cho nha nng chy tip xc vi cc mt vch khun trc khi to ui. Du vt dng chy (Flow mark) This is a phenomenon where the initial flow of molten plastics which solidifies mixes with a later flow and remains undissolved. It develops distinctive patterns such as clouds, scales or tree rings.
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Su tm v chia s bi Thaivu.com y l hin tng ni m dng chy ban u ca nha nng chy ng li trn cng dng n sau v khng ho tan ho n to n .N pht trin theo nhng dng c bit nh l m my, vy hoc cy
Cause Injection speed is too fast. Mold or molten plastics temperature is too low. nguyn nhn Tc phun rt nhanh. nhit khun hoc nhit ca nha nng chy rt thp. Solution javascript:newwindw_D()Enlarge the gate area to decrease the speed of the molten plastics flowing through the gate. Increase the pressure retention time for better pressure quality. Gii php M rng din tch u rt gim tc ca dng nha nng chy qua u rt. Tng thi gian duy tr p lc cho c tnh ca p lc tt hn.
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1

RN DP To hnh bng cch dp vt liu trong khun dp.

(1) Cp liu Cc sn phm in hnh

c bng cch nn kim loi lng v phun n vo khun.

(2)Phun kim loi lng nh p lc

(3) m khun v lm ngui

(1) Cp vt liu vo phu Ni dung c th:

(2) Khuy trn, y ra bng trc vt

(3) Hon thnh

(1) t vt liu dng ng vo khun Ni dung c th:

(2) Thi khng kh

(3) Hon thnh

(3) cho khng kh vo li v b chi tit ra

(1) Lm do vt liu trong khoang nung

(1) Lm nng chy vt liu trong xi lanh.

(2) Phun vt liu vo khun

(3) Lm ngui v tho chi tit ra.

Hng phun c th c gi nguyn gim chu k c (molding cycle.)

Khun trn Mp ct bavia Sn phm Khun di(lng khun)

Khun trn Mp ct Khun di

Khun trn Mp ct Khun di

Hnh 2.3 3) Khun ghp Hnh 2.4

Sn phm Li gia Rm ghp

Cht dn hng Sn phm

7. Tm gi. 9. Vng nh v. 11. Bc dn hng. 13. B nh v. 15. Cht y. 17. Cht .

y chi tit xong. . . Tm y ht hnh trnh

Ngoi ra, nu hnh trnh y ca sn phm l h, gc nghing ca cn y slide rod

Khun ng hon ton

Chu k p Chuyn ng ca c chu k

Khun ng hon ton

Ngo i ra, khi s dng tm chn ch nht c th c tip xc vi cnh d i.

Nu H >L., lp ghp theo hng L, nu H < L, theo hng H.

Hnh ban nguyet

Hnh 48 Hnh dng tit din rnh dn

Cng kiu im cht (Pin Point Gate)

Cng ngm Submarine Gate (Tunnel Gate)

Hnh 60: Cng phn phi

Hnh 61: Cng phn phi dng cht

Cng kiu bng (Film Gate)

Cng kiu van (Valve Gate)

Cng kiu a(Dish Gate)

Cng kiu vu li (Tab Gate)

Dn hung ( kiu li)

Hnh 49 Cng trc tip to hnh sn phm nha PolyCabonate

Bc cung phun (Sprue Bush)

D2 = D1 + (0.5 - 1.0)[mm] R2 = R1 + 1.0[mm]

V d Gi s ta dng mt khi li y 5kg song song vi mt t, h nh trnh l 20mm. Cn chn l xo (spring) th n o?

Phng php li ni lng

Phng php li trt bn trong.

[Xi lanh thy lc: hnh chiu cnh v ng]

[Mt ct ca phn ct ngang]

B tr ni lc cn ln. Nu lc cn ging nhau th cc v tr cht c phn b u

Trn y chng ta hc mt s loi cht y khc nhau. By gi chng ta h y xem tm y c ni vi cht y nh th n o. Tm y

Chiu su phn cha l xo (A)(mm)

Khong nn ban u (B) (mm) Khong nn cui cng (B+S ) (mm)

L xo c 0.73kg/mm nn cao L xo chu 1.9kg/mm ti nh

<Example of catalog> V d c danh mc sau:

Gas spring constant ( G ) 1.95mm

Stroke (X) 200mm

Constant (C) 467 H s (C) 467 cm2

Filling pressure (P) Min. 50 - Max. 150kgf/ p sut np (P)

Load selection range ( Wo ) 235 - 700kgf

h s l xo kh Hnh trnh (G) (X) 1.95 mm 200 mm