Bi ging Tin ng dng

CHNG V THIT K CU VI MIDAS CIVIL

Trong chng ny bao gm cc vn sau: Thit k cu dm gin n BTCT DL Thit k cu dm thp lin hp BTCT Thit k cu c hng BTCT DL 1. Thit k cu dm gin n BTCT
1.1 S liu thit k

Thit k cu b tng ct thp nhp gin n vi cc s liu sau: Chiu di nhp L = 33m; Kh cu B = 14.5m; Dm ch s dng l dm nh hnh PCI ca M. (hnh v)

Hnh 5. 1: Mt ct ngang cu

Vt liu s dng: o Bn mt cu v dm ngang s dng b tng theo tiu chun ASTM Grade C4000; o Dm chnh c trc s dng b tng theo tiu chun ASTM Grade C6500; o Ct thp thng s dng A36 theo tiu chun ASTM; o Ct thp DL s dng tao cp 7 si 15,2mm cp 270 theo ASTM.

Ti trng thit k HL93. Tiu chun thit k 22TCN 272 05.

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Hnh 5. 2: Mt ct ngang dm chnh

1.2 Tnh ton thit k

Cc bc tnh ton thit k bng MIDAS Civil:

Bt u

Chun b cc s liu cn thit ca bi ton

M hnh ha kt cu

Thit lp cc thng s cho qu trnh phn tch

T hp ti trng

M hnh ha ti trng

Chy chng trnh, phn tch nh gi kt qu

Xut kt qu Kt thc

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a. La chn n v tnh ton - Khi ng MIDAS Civil. - Trn menu chnh la chn File/New Project hoc bm vo biu tng trn thanh Toolbars. - La chn Tools/ Unit System, xut hin hp thoi:

Hnh 5. 3: Hp thoi la chn n v h thng

La chn n v chiu di Length: m; n v la chn l tonf; b. Khai bo cc c trng hnh hc ca mt ct v vt liu Khai bo cc c trng ca vt liu Cc loi vt liu cn khai bo l: + Bn mt cu; + Dm chnh; + Ct thp DL; + Dm ngang. Khai bo: - Trn menu chnh la chn Model/ Properties/ Material. - Kch vo nt trn hp thoi xut hin.

- Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi sau:

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Name: Banmc; Type of Design: Concrete; Standard: None; Modulus of Elastic: 2.6956e+6; Poissions Ratio: 0.2; Weight Density: 0;

Hnh 5. 4: Khai bo cc c trng ca vt liu

Sau bm nt Apply v khai bo cho cc loi tip theo (theo bng sau).
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STT 1 2 3

B phn Dm chnh Cp DL Dm ngang

Name Dam chinh Cap DUL Dam ngang

Type of Design Concrete User Defined Concrete

Standard None None None

Modulus of Elastic 3.4366e+006 2.0037e+007 2.6956e+006

Poissions Ratio 0.2 0.3 0.2

Weight Density 2.403 2.403 0

Khai bo nh hng ca t bin, co ngt ti vt liu: - Trn menu chnh la chn Model/ Properties/ Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage). - Bm nt trn hp thoi xut hin.

- Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi:

Hnh 5. 5: Khai bo t bin, co ngt

Name: Co ngot Tu bien; Code: CEB FIP; Compressive Strength of concrete at the age of 28 days: 4500; Relative Humidity of ambient environment (40 99): 70; Notational size of member: 1; Type of cement: (N, R);
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Age of concrete at the beginning shrinkage: 3. - Sau bm nt biu din kt qu.

Hnh 5. 6: Biu din co ngt, t bin theo thi gian

Khai bo nh hng ca thi gian ti cng vt liu: - Trn menu chnh la chn Model/ Propertoes/ Time Dependent Material (Com. Strength); - Bm nt trn hp thoi xut hin.

- Khai bo cc thng s yu cu:

Hnh 5. 7: Khai bo nh hng ca thi gian ti cng b tng

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Name: C6500; Type: Code; Development of Strength: CEB FIP; Concrete Compressive Strength at 28 days: 4500; Cement Type: N, R: 0.25. - Bm nt qu trn th. biu din kt

Gn nh hng ca thi gian ti vt liu (Time Dependent Material Link): - Trn menu chnh la chn Model/ Properties/ Time Dependent Material Link. - Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi xut hin.

Hnh 5. 8: Gn nh hng ca thi gian ti vt liu

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Time Dependent Material Type: Creep/Shrinkage: Co ngot Tu bien; Comp. Strength: C6500. Select Material to Assign: Material: 2: Dam chinh; Bm vo nt chuyn loi vt liu la chn sang hp Selected Material. Bm nt Bm nt thc hin php gn. kt thc qu trnh gn.

Khai bo cc c trng hnh hc ca mt ct Cc mt ct cn khai bo: + Mt ct dm trong; + Mt ct dm bin; + Dm ngang u dm; + Dm ngang bn trong. Khai bo mt ct dm trong: - T menu chnh la chn Model/Properties/Section. - Tab Section bm nt trn hp thoi.

- Khai bo cc thng s cn thit vo hp thoi Section Data. - Chuyn sang Tab Composite v khai bo cc thng s sau: Name: Damtrong; Section Type: Composite I; Slab Width: 1540 (B rng ton cu); Girder: Num: 6 (S lng dm ch); CTC: 270 (Khong cch gia tim 2 dm ch); Slab: Bc: 270; tc: 20; Hh: 0; Girder: Symmetry: on; (Khai bo i xng qua trc). Joint: tch vo cc im J1, JL1;
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Hnh 5. 9: Khai bo mt ct dm trong

Nhp gi tr mt ct theo bng sau: H1 HL1 HL2 HL2-1 HL3 HL4 HL5 BL1 BL2 BL2-1 BL4 180.000 8.000 10.000 5.000 135.000 12.000 15.000 7.500 52.500 40.000 32.500

Material: Egd/Esb: 1.2749; (T s m un n hi gia dm chnh v bn

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mt cu). Dgd/Dsb: 0; Consider Shear Deformation: on. Nu mun la chn vt liu theo cc tiu chun sn c ca MIDAS bm vo nt . Bm vo nt khai bo. ct, bm vo nt Khai bo mt ct dm bin: - Trn Tab Section la chn mt ct dm trong va khai bo. Sau bm nt to mt ct nh dm trong. hiu chnh. hoc kt thc qu trnh

Nu mun xem kt qu tnh ton cc c trng hnh hc ca mt .

- La chn mt ct va Copy v bm vo nt - Hiu chnh cc thng s cn thit: Name: dambien;

Slab: Bc = 230; (Tnh t mp ngoi mt cu n gia dm bin v dm trong). - Bm nt kt thc qu trnh khai bo.

Khai bo mt ct dm ngang u dm: - Trn Tab Section la chn v khai bo mt ct dm ngang.

- La chn Tab DB/ User trn hp thoi xut hin v khai bo cc thng s sau: Name: damngangdaudam; La chn mt ct dng ch nht: Solid Rectangle; User: on; Kch thc mt ct: H: 20; B: 108; Khai bo mt ct dm ngang: Name: damngang; La chn mt ct dng ch nht: Solid Rectangle; User: on; Kch thc mt ct:
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H: 20; B: 127.5; M hnh ha kt cu: o To im nt trong kt cu: - La chn n v ca h thng l tonf, cm. - Mt phng biu din l Top View.

- Trn meu chnh la chn Model/ Nodes/ Create Nodes.

Hnh 5. 10: Hp thoi to im ca kt cu

Coordinates (x, y, z): 0,0,0; Copy/ Number of Times: 5; Distances (dx, dy, dz): 0, 270, 0; - Sau bm nt o M hnh ha dm chnh: - Trn menu chnh la chn Model/ Element/ Extrude (Alt + 5). - La chn im 1 v 6; - Extrude Type: Node Elements. v .

- Element Atribute/ Element Type: Beam; - Material: 2: Dam chinh; - Section: 2: Dam bien; - Generation Type: Translate;
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- Translation: Equal Distance; dx, dy, dz: 300, 0, 0; - Number of Times: 12; - Bm vo nt .

Hnh 5. 11: M hnh ha dm bin

- La chn im 2, 3, 4, 5; - Extrude Type: Node Elements.

- Element Atribute/ Element Type: Beam; - Material: 2: Dam chinh; - Section: 1: Dam trong; - Generation Type: Translate; - Translation: Equal Distance; dx, dy, dz: 900, 0, 0;
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- Number of Times: 4; - Bm vo nt o M hnh ha dm ngang: - Hin th s hiu ca im - La chn im 1 v 29; - Extrude Type: Node Elements. ; .

- Element Atribute/ Element Type: Beam; - Material: 4: Dam ngang; - Section: 3: Damngangdaudam; - Generation Type: Translate; - Translation: Equal Distance; dx, dy, dz: 0, 270, 0; - Number of Times: 5; - Bm vo nt .

- La chn im 7to27by2 (la chn nhng im c s hiu l bt u t im c s hiu 7, kt thc bi im c s hiu 27). - Extrude Type: Node Elements.

- Element Atribute/ Element Type: Beam; - Material: 4: Dam ngang; - Section: 4: Damngang; - Generation Type: Translate; - Translation: Equal Distance; dx, dy, dz: 0, 270, 0; - Number of Times: 5; - Bm vo nt .

o Gn thay i thuc tnh vt liu do thi gian: - Trn menu chnh la chn Model/ Properties/ Change Element Dependent Material Properties. - La chn tt c cc im v phn t. - Element Dependent Material: Notational Size of Member; - La chn ty chn Auto Calculate; - Code: CEB FIP; - Bm nt v .

o Gn iu kin bin cho kt cu:

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- Trn menu chnh la chn Model/ Boundaries/ Support. - La chn im 1; Boundary Group Name: Default; Options: Add; Support Type (Local Direction): D ALL; - Bm nt - La chn im 29; Boundary Group Name: Default; Options: Add; Support Type (Local Direction): Dy, Dz; - Bm nt . .

- La chn t im 2 n 6; Boundary Group Name: Default; Options: Add; Support Type (Local Direction): Dx, Dz; - Bm nt .

- La chn im 30 v 43 n 46; Boundary Group Name: Default; Options: Add; Support Type (Local Direction): Dz; - Bm nt M hnh ha ti trng M hnh ha ti trng bao gm nhng cng vic sau: Khai bo nhm ti trng Khai bo tnh ti Khai bo ti trng d ng lc Khai bo hot ti o Khai bo nhm ti trng: - thc hin phn tch theo cc giai on thi cng th cn phi khai bo cc nhm nh nhm kt cu, nhm iu kin bin, nhm ti trng. - Trn menu chnh la chn Model/Group/Define Load Group. - Trong mc Name in tn cc nhm ti trng cn khai bo:
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Hnh 5. 12. Khai bo nhm ti trng

- Sau bm nt

. , mun xa b

- Nu mun thay i tn mt nhm th bm nt bm nt - Cui cng bm nt o Khai bo tnh ti - Trn menu chnh la chn Load/Static Load Cases . .

Hnh 5. 13. Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng

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- Trong mc Name tin hnh nhp tn cc trng hp ti trng tnh. y ta khai bo cc trng hp ti trng tnh sau: Damchinh&Damngang (DC); Lancan&Gochan (DC); Banmatcau (DC); Lopphu (DW); DUL (PS); Creep (CR); Shrinkage (SH). - Gn ti trng tnh ln kt cu: Chuyn kt cu sang dng biu din 3D (Iso View). La chn phn t theo mt ct c tn l 1: Damtrong. Trong mc Select Type chn: Section. Nhp chut vo tn mt ct l 1: Damtrong. Sau bm nt v .

Hnh 5. 14. Hp thoi la chn phn t

T menu chnh la chn Load/Element Beam Loads. Trong hp thoi khai bo cc thng s sau: Load Case Name: Banmatcau; Load Group Name: Banmatcau; Direction: Global Z;
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Projection: No; Value: Relative; W: - 1.32 tonf/m.

Hnh 5. 15. Khai bo ti trng bn mt cu

La chn phn t theo mt ct c tn l 2: Dambien. Trong mc Select Type chn: Section. Nhp chut vo tn mt ct l 2: Dambien. Sau bm nt v .

Trong hp thoi khai bo cc thng s sau: Load Case Name: Banmatcau; Load Group Name: Banmatcau;
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Direction: Global Z; Projection: No; Value: Relative; W: - 1.1 tonf/m. Sau bm nt .

La chn phn t theo mt ct c tn l 1:Damtrong v 2:Dambien. Trong hp thoi khai bo cc thng s sau: Load Case Name: Lopphu; Load Group Name: Lopphu; Direction: Global Z; Projection: No; Value: Relative; W: - 0.25 tonf/m. Sau bm nt Nhp chut vo nt . la chn cc phn t trc .

Trong hp thoi khai bo cc thng s sau: Load Case Name: Lancan&Gochan; Load Group Name: Lancan&Gochan; Direction: Global Z; Projection: No; Value: Relative; W: - 0.14 tonf/m. Sau bm nt v nt .

T menu chnh la chn Load/Self Weight. Trong hp thoi khai bo cc thng s sau: Load Case Name: Damchinh&Damngang; Load Group Name: Damchinh&Damngang; Self Weight Factor: Z = -1; Sau bm nt v nt .

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Hnh 5. 16. Khai bo trng lng bn thn dm

o Khai bo ti trng d ng lc

Hnh 5. 17. Ta trng tm ca mt ct

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Hnh 5. 18. B tr cp DL trn mt ct ngang

Hnh 5. 19. B tr cp DL trn mt ct dc cu

- Khai bo nhm ti trng d ng lc: Trn Tree Menu la chn Tab Group. Kch phi chut vo mc Tendon Group v la chn New... Khai bo cc thng s yu cu vo hp thoi xut hin: Name: DUL (tn nhm ti trng d ng lc); Suffix: 1to12 (to ra 12 nhm ti trng DL); Sau bm nt v .

- Khai bo c trng ca cp d ng lc: Chuyn n v sang dng kips in. T menu chnh la chn Tools/Unit System. Chuyn n v: Length in, Force kips. Khai bo c trng ca cp d ng lc. T menu chnh chn Load/Prestress Loads/Tendon Property. Trn hp thoi Tendon Property bm nt Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi:
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Hnh 5. 20. Khai bo cp d ng lc ko xin

o Name: TH (tn loi cp DL ko xin). o Tendon Type: Internal (Pre-Tension) (cp DL pha trong ko trc). o Material: 3: DUL o Khai bo din tch b cp DUL hoc bm vo nt khai bo chi tit. Strand Diameter: 12.7mm; (ng knh tao cp) Number of Strands: 14; (s lng tao cp) Bm nt .

o Ultimate Strength: 270 (cng gii hn) o Yield Strength: 243 (cng chu un). o Sau bm nt .

Lp li qu trnh nh vy cho cp d ng lc ko thng. Ch s lng tao cp ca b cp ko thng l 34 tao cp. Sau bm nt .

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Hnh 5. 21. Khai bo cp d ng lc thng

- Kch hot cc phn t thuc dm chnh: Tt ch hin th s hiu im phn t . v bt ch hin th s hiu

Chuyn mt phng biu din v mt phng X-Y (Top View). La chn phn t theo thuc tnh .

Trn hp thoi Select Identity mc Select Type la chn Section. Bm v gi phm Ctrl ri nhp chut vo hai dng mt ct l 1: damtrong v 2: dambien; Sau bm nt Cui cng bm nt v .

(Active) hoc bm phm F2.

- B tr cp d ng lc trn mt ct: Trn menu chnh la chn Load/Prestress Loads/Tendon Profile. Trn hp thoi Tendon Profile bm vo nt Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi xut hin: Tendon Name: TH1; Group: DUL1;
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Hnh 5. 22. B tr cp d ng lc xin

Tendon Property: TH; Kch chut vo Assigned Element: 1to23by2; Input Type: 3D; Curve Type: Spline; Straight Length of Tendon: Chiu di on cp thng ti hai
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u dm. Trong mc Profile/Reference Axis la chn Straight. (trc dn hng l trc thng). Trong bng ta ca cp d ng lc, nhp vo cc gi tr. Profile Insert Point: -6,0,-52.79; (im u cp ti u dm). Kch chut vo TH1, trong mc Distance: 0, 180, 0. Sau bm Bm nt . chnh sa.

Hnh 5. 23. Thit lp cc nhm cp trn mt ct dc

Thay i tn TH1-Copy thnh TH2; Group: DUL2; Kch chut vo Assigned Element, sau loi b la chn cc phn t bng vic kch vo nt (Unselect All). Cui cng nhp vo 25to69by4 (phn t thuc dm dc s 2). Profile Insert Point: -6, 108, -54.57 Thc hin tng t cho dm s 3, 4, 5 vi ta y cng thm 108inch. Sau to thm profile cho dm s 6 nh dm s 1 vi ta ca im Profile Insert Point: -6, 540, -52.79. - Tng t nh vy khai bo cho cc nhm cp cn li. o Khai bo hot ti

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Hnh 5. 24. Ln xe v lch tm ca ln

Chuyn n v v dng: Length (ft); Force (kips). Khai bo cc nhm kt cu cho dm ngang: Name: Dam ngang; Suffix: 1to5 (v c 5 khoang dm). La chn phn t trong tng khoang dm ri gn cho tng nhm kt cu. T menu chnh la chn Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Moving Load Code. La chn tiu chun thit k: AASHTO LRFD; Khai bo ln xe: Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Traffic Line Lanes. Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi Traffic Line Lanes: Name: Lan1; Eccentricity: 4.5; Vehicle Load Distribution: Cross Beam; Cross Beam Group: Dam ngang1; Moving Direction: Both; Selection by: 2 points> la chn cc phn t ca dm chnh th nht. Cc ln khc khai bo tng t, kch thc trn hnh 5.24. Khai bo xe: T menu chnh Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Vehicles. Nhp chut vo nt
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nhp on xe tiu chun:

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Standard Name: AASHTO LRFD Load;

o Vehicle Load Type: HL 93TRK; o Dynamic Load Allowance: 25; o Nhp chut vo nt Khai bo trng hp ti trng di ng: Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Moving Load Cases. Nhp chut vo nt di ng mi. o Load Case Name: MLC; o Trong phn Sub Load Cases: Loading Effect: Independent; Bm nt Sub Load Cases: khai bo cho hp thoi nhp trng hp ti trng .

o Tng t nh vy cho xe hai trc (tandem).

Nhp cc thng s vo hp thoi Define Moving Load Case:

Vehicle Class: VL: HL 93TRK; Scale Factor: 1; Min. Number of Loaded Lanes: 1; Max. Number of Loaded Lanes: 4; Assignment Lanes: List of Lanes: Chn tt c cc ln v bm nt Nhp chut vo nt o T hp ti trng: T menu chnh Load/Create Load Casrs Using Load Combinations To cc t hp ti trng trong hp thoi Load Combinations. c. Phn tch v hin thi kt qu o Thc hin qu trnh phn tch: T menu chnh la chn Analysis/Perform Analysis hoc bm F5. o Hin th v phn tch kt qu: Hin th biu m men: Result/Force/Beam Diagram; Chn trng hp ti trng cn hin th.
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Nhp chut vo nt Hin th biu vng:

hin th kt qu.

Result/Deformation/Deformed Shape. Chn trng hp ti trng cn hin th. Nhp chut vo nt ng sut trn mt ct ngang: Result/Beam Detail Analysis. Chn trng hp ti trng v chn: o Element Number: chn phn t cn xem; o Stress Section: (chn phng php tnh ng sut) Normal (theo ng sut php); o Nhp chut vo nt . hin th kt qu.

Trong ca s Beam Detail Analysis chn Tab Section hin th. 2. Thit k cu dm thp lin hp BTCT 2.1. S liu thit k Kiu cu v nhp lin tc c s dng trong v d ny nh sau: Kiu cu: cu dm I lin hp 3 nhp lin tc, bn b tng. Chiu di cu: L = 45.0 + 55.0 + 45.0 = 145.0m B rng cu: B = 12.14m Cu thng, m tr t vung gc vi cu. a) Mt ct ngang

Hnh 5. 25. Mt ct ngang cu

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b) Vt liu Cu kin Dm ch Dm ngang Bn c) Ti trng Ti trng tnh trc khi lin hp o Ti trng bn thn ca dm thp ch: c t ng chuyn i thnh ti trng bn thn trong chng trnh o Ti trng bn thn ca bn: c nhp vo di dng cc ti trng dm Ti trng tnh sau khi lin hp o c nhp vo thnh cc ti trng dm d) To cc giai on thi cng nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng v nhm ti trng. Mt ct A53 A36 Mc C6000 Thp Thp B tng (S dng mt hm cng nn ca b tng) Ghi ch

Hnh 5. 26. Qu trnh thi cng bn v mi phn ca mt ct bn

Cc bn c mt im cong ti v tr 0.2L tnh t gi gia, khi b tng mi trn b tng c, to on cong ni khng c ng sut xy ra. Trng hp Nhm ti ti trng trng DL (BC)1 DL (BC)2 DL (BC)3 DL (BC)1 DL (BC)2 DL (BC)3 Kiu ti trng Self Weight Beam load Beam load Ghi ch Trng lng bn thn ca dm Trng lng bn thn ca bn trong phm vi 0.8L1 Trng lng bn thn ca bn trong phm vi 0.2L1 + 0.8L2

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DL (BC)4 DL (AC)

DL (BC)4 DL (AC)

Beam load Beam load

Trng lng bn thn ca bn trong phm vi 0.2L2 + L3 Trng lng ca lan can, g chn, tay vn

nh ngha cc nhm iu kin bin: Nhm iu kin bin BGroup E_Width1 Kiu iu kin bin Support Gi cng Ghi ch

T s ca m men qun tnh tnh vi chiu di c hiu v Effect Width m men qun tnh tnh vi tng chiu di c hiu. Mt ct Scale Factor CS2 (ti v tr gia ca nhp th nht) T s ca m men qun tnh tnh vi chiu di c hiu v Effect Width m men qun tnh tnh vi tng chiu di c hiu. Mt ct Scale Factor CS3 (ti v tr gi gia th nht v gia ca nhp th hai) T s ca m men qun tnh tnh vi chiu di c hiu v Effect Width m men qun tnh tnh vi tng chiu di c hiu. Mt ct Scale Factor CS4 (ti v tr gi gia th hai v gia ca nhp th ba)

E_Width2

E_Width3

nh ngha cc giai on thi cng Giai on thi cng Nhm Nhm iu kin kt cu bin SGroup BGroup Nhm ti trng (c kch hot) Nhm Bc Khong thi gian 5 30 30 10000 Ghi ch Mt ct cha lin hp Mt ct CS2 lin hp Mt ct CS3 lin hp Mt ct CS4 lin hp

CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4

DL (BC)1 First Step DL (BC)2 First Step

E_Width1 DL (BC)3 25 ngy E_Width2 DL (BC)4 25 ngy E_Width3 DL (AC) First Step

SGroup biu din mt nhm kt cu gm c tt c cc cu kin (dm ch, dm ngang) Mt nhm phn t l v hnh hc ca kt cu khng thay i theo cc giai on thi cng. S dng tnh nng Composite Section for Construction Stage, nh ngha mt mt ct lin hp/khng lin hp theo qu trnh thi cng bn. Gi thit rng cn 25 ngy ch to vn khun v bn b tng c c cng
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ban u ti ngy th 5. Sau , cn 30 ngy hon thnh vic thi cng. Trng lng bn than ca bn c nhp vo theo dng ti trng phn t dm (Element Beam Loads) s c kch hot ti ngy th 25 khi vn khun c lp rp xong.

Hnh 5. 27. Trng lng bn v tnh ti 2 c xp trong cc giai on thi cng

CS1 Pht sinh cc dm ch bng thp v cc dm ngang dc theo chiu di cu. S dng tnh nng Self Weight nhp vo trng lng bn thn ca dm v dng tnh nng Element Beam Loads nhp trng lng bn thn bn ca mt ct CS2. (xem hnh 5.26). CS2 Mt ct CS2 khi lin hp Nhp vo b rng c hiu ca mt ct CS2 S dng tnh nng Element Beam Loads nhp trng lng bn thn bn ca mt ct CS3 (xem hnh 5.26). CS3 Mt ct CS3 khi lin hp Nhp b rng c hiu ca mt ct CS3 S dng tnh nng Element Beam Loads nhp trng lng bn thn bn ca mt ct CS4 (xem hnh 5.26). CS4 Mt ct CS4 lin hp Nhp chiu rng c hiu ca mt ct CS4
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S dng tnh nng Element Beam Loads nhp tnh ti phn 2. 2.2. Thit lp iu kin lm vic v nhp cc thuc tnh mt ct/vt liu a) Thit lp iu kin lm vic t h thng n v l kN v m cho m hnh ca v d ny. Tools/Unit System Length>m ; Force>kN b) Nhp cc thng s vt liu Cc thng s vt liu ca dm ch, dm ngang v bn c th c nh ngha bng cch s dng th vin c xy dng trong MIDAS/Civil. T menu chnh la chn Model/Property/Material Khai bo cc thng s cn thit vo hp thoi xut hin: o Type>Steel ; Standard>ASTM(S) o DB>A53, bm nt ; DB>A36, bm nt .

o Type>Concrete ; Standard>ASTM(RC) o DB>Grade C6000, bm nt .

Hnh 5. 28. Khai bo vt liu

c) Nhp cc thng s mt ct Vi qu trnh thi cng c xem xt, cc dm ch s c cc tn mt ct khc nhau t

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giai on ny n giai on khc. Trong v d ny, gi thit tt c cc mt ct dm l ging nhau; nh vy, cc dm s c cc thng s mt ct ging nhau nhng c cc tn khc nhau (Sec 1, Sec 2, Sec 3 v Sec 4). to cc dm ngang, s dng mt ct kiu ngi dng nh ngha.

Hnh 5. 29. Mt ct ngang cu

Phn loi Dm ch Dm ngang

Mt ct H 32008009002032/34 H 8004002020/20

Ghi ch Mt ct lin hp Mt ct ngi dng nh ngha

T menu chnh la chn Model/Property/Section Trn Tab Composite, khai bo cc thng s sau: o Section ID (1); Name (Sect 1); Offset>Center-Center o Section Type>Steel-I; o Slab Width (12.14); o Girder>Num (2); CTC (6.15) o Slab>Bc (6.07); tc (0.25); Hh (0.028) o Girder>Hw (3.2); tw (0.02); B1 (0.8); tf1 (0.032); B2 (0.9); tf2 (0.034) o Material> Steel Material>DB>ASTM(S); Name>A53 o Section ID (2); Name (Sect 2) o Section ID (3); Name (Sect 3)
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Concrete Material>DB>ASTM(RC); Name>Grade C6000

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Hnh 5. 30. Khai bo thng s mt ct

Trn Tab DB/User: o Section ID (4); Name (CBeam); Offset>Center-Center o Section Shape>I-Section; User o H (0.84); B1 (0.4); tw (0.02); tf1 (0.02) d) Nhp cc thng s vt liu ph thuc thi gian Cc thng s vt liu ph thuc thi gian s c nh ngha vi s thay i ca cng b tng dn n s thay i ca m un n hi b tng, t bin v co ngt pht trin theo thi gian. Cc thng s vt liu ph thuc thi gian c xc nh t tiu chun CEB-FIP. B dy ca bn l 25cm s c s dng tnh ton kch thc danh nh ca cu kin. Cng tui 28 ngy: 20000 kN/m2 m tng i: 70% Kch thc danh nh: 2Ac/u = (212.140.25)/(12.14+0.25) 2 = 0.245 Kiu b tng: B tng thng Thi gian b vn khun: 3 ngy sau khi b tng (thi gian bt u xy ra hin tng co ngt) Trnh t khai bo: T menu chnh la chn Model/Property/Time Dependent Material (Creep & Shrinkage).
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Khai bo cc thng s sau: o Name (Mat-1); Code>CEB-FIP o Compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days (20000) o Relative humidity of ambient environment (40 ~ 99) (70) o Notational size of member (0.245) o Type of cement>Normal or rapid hardening cement (N, R) o Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage (3)

Hnh 5. 31. nh ngha cc thng s ph thuc thi gian

B tng c c lm cng v thu c cng theo tui. xem xt iu ny, mt hm cng nn ca b tng c a ra y theo tiu chun CEB-FIP. S liu c nhp vo trong hp thoi Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage) c ly trong hp thoi Time Dependent Material (Comp.Strength). Model/Property/Time Dependent Material (Comp. Strength) Khai bo cc thng s sau: o Name (Mat-1) ; Type>Code o Development of Strength>Code>CEB-FIP o Concrete Compressive Strength at 28 Days (S28) (20000) o Cement Type(a)>N, R : 0.25;

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Hnh 5. 32. Khai bo nh hng ca thi gian ti cng vt liu

Trong MIDAS/Civil, vt liu ph thuc thi gian c nh ngha mt cch tch bit vi vt liu thng thng, v cc thng s vt liu ph thuc thi gian c th c gn cho cc vt liu thng thng c chn. Trong v d ny, cc thng s vt liu ph thuc thi gian s c gn cho bn b tng (Mc C6000). Model/Property/Time Dependent Material Link Khai bo cc thng s sau: o Time Dependent Material Type>Creep/Shrinkage>Mat-1 o Comp. Strength>Mat-1 o Select Material for Assign>Materials> Nhp chut vo loi vt liu 3:Grade C6000 v bm nt Operation>

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Hnh 5. 33. Gn cc thng s vt liu ph thuc vo thi gian cho vt liu thng thng

2.3. To m hnh cu Sau khi nh ngha cc nhm cn thit to cc giai on thi cng, xy dng m hnh cu cho mi giai on thi cng. V d ny gii thch k thut gn cc giai on thi cng khi s dng mt ct lin hp. a) nh ngha cc nhm T menu chnh la chn Model/Group/Structure Group o Name: SGroup. o Nhp chut vo nt T menu chnh la chn Model/Group/Boundary Group o Name: BGroup. o Nhp chut vo nt o Name: E_Width; Suffix: 1to3 o Nhp chut vo nt
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T menu chnh la chn Model/Group/Load Group o Name: DL (BC); Suffix: 1to3 o Nhp chut vo nt o Name: DL (AC); Suffix: () o Nhp chut vo nt b) To m hnh cu Pht sinh dm ch: Trong v d ny, cc dm ngang c t ti khong cch 5m v b tng bn c theo qu trnh thi cng nh trn hnh 5.25. xem xt chiu rng c hiu ca cc dm ch, cc phn t dm s c pht sinh c cc chiu di sau y: Mt ct CS2 Mt ct CS3 Mt ct CS4 Trnh t khai bo: Top View, Node Snap (on), Element Snap (on), Auto Fitting (on) 7@5 + 1 4 + 3@5 +1 + 3 + 6@5 1 + 3@5 + 4 + 1 + 7@5 = = = 36m 53m 56m (Dng Sect 1) (Dng Sect 2) (Dng Sect 3)

Model/Nodes/Create Nodes o Coordinates (0, 0, 0) o Copy>Number of Times (1); Distance (0, 6.15, 0) Model/Elements/Extrude Elements o Select All

o Extrude Type>Node Line Element o Element Attribute>Element Type>Beam Material>1:A53 ; Section>1: Sect 1 Generation Type>Translate Translation>Unequal Distance Axis>x; Distance (7@5,1,4,3@5,1,4,5@5,4,1,3@5,4,1,7@5) gn cc phn t dm ch ca CS3 cho mt ct Sect 2, v cc phn t dm ca CS4 cho Sect 3, s dng tnh nng ko v th. Trn Tree Menu la chn Tab Works o o Select Window: 17to40; Properties>Section>Sect 2 (Ko v th) Select Window: 41to66; Properties>Section>Sect 3 (Ko v th)

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Hnh 5. 34. Gn mt ct cho mi phn ca mt ct

Pht sinh dm ngang: Trnh t thc hin: Node Number (on) T menu chnh la chn Model/Elements/ Create Elements o Element Type>General beam/Tapered beam o Material>2:A36; Section>4:CBeam; Beta Angle (0) o Nodal Connectivity (1, 2) Model/Elements/Translate Elements o Select Recent Entities

o Mode>Copy; Translation>Equal Distance o dx, dy, dz (5, 0, 0); Number of Times (145/5)

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Hnh 5. 35. Pht sinh dm ngang

2.4. Nhp cc iu kin bin a) Nhp cc iu kin bin gi V tt c cc iu kin bin ca kt cu c kch hot ng thi ti giai on 1 (CS1), nhm BGroup l nhm iu kin bin gm tt c cc lin kt ca cu. Model/Boundary/Supports o Boundary Group Name>BGroup o Select Single (Node: 21)

o Options>Add ; Support Types>D-ALL (on) o Select Single (Nodes: 1, 47, 67)

o Options>Add ; Support Types>Dy, Dz (on) o Select Single (Nodes: 2, 48, 68)

o Options>Add ; Support Types>Dz (on) o Select Single (Nodes: 22)

o Options>Add ; Support Types>Dx, Dz (on) b) Nhp chiu rng c hiu Nhp cc h s t l cho m men qun tnh ca cc mt mt ct dm xem xt hiu
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b rng c hiu. Trong MIDAS/Civil, h s t l b rng c hiu (Effective Width Scale Factor) s c s dng tnh ton cc thnh phn ng sut. Nu bn mun tnh ton cc ng sut trong mt mt ct c xt n b rng cnh c hiu, s dng tnh nng Effective Width Scale Factor vi t s m men qun tnh Iyy ca mt ct c hiu v m men qun tnh mt ct nguyn, c nhp trong mc Scale Factor for Iy.

Phn loi Ti v tr gia nhp bin Ti gi Ti v tr gia nhp chnh

B rng c hiu 5.653 5.117 5.839

M men qun tnh Iyy Iyy_1 (B rng y ) 0.4696905 0.4696905 0.4696905 Iyy_2 (B rng c hiu) 0.4628585 0.4530761 0.4659784

H s t l ca Iy, Iyy_2/Iyy_1 0.985 0.965 0.992

Display o Boundary>All ; Support (on) Node Number (off), Element Number (on)

Model/Boundary/Effective Width Scale Factor o Boundary Group Name>E_Width1 o Select Single (Elements: 1~16)

o Scale Factor Iy ( 0.985 ) o Boundary Group Name>E_Width2 o Select Single (Elements: 17~26)

o Scale Factor Iy ( 0.965 ) o Select Single (Elements: 27~40)

o Scale Factor Iy ( 0.992 ) o Boundary Group Name>E_Width3 o Select Single (Elements: 41~50) o Scale Factor Iy ( 0.965 ) o Select Single (Elements: 51~66) o Scale Factor Iy ( 0.985 )
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Hnh 5. 36. Nhp h s t l m men qun tnh mt ct c xt n b rng c hiu

2.5. Nhp s liu ti trng Trong v d ny a cc ti trng trc v sau khi lin hp bng cch s dng tnh nng Element Beam Loads. Xem bng di y a ti trng cho mi giai on thi cng. Dm tri Phn loi Ti trng trc khi lin hp, DL (BC) Ti trng sau khi lin hp, DL (AC) Ti trng phng ng (FZ) -38.96 -18.69 M men M men xon -1.49 19.69 Dm phi Ti trng phng ng (FZ) -38.96 -18.69 M men M men xon 1.49 -19.69

nh ngha cc ti trng tc dng ti mi giai on thi cng, chn ti trng giai on thi cng (Construction Stage Load) cho mc loi ti trng (Load Type). u tin bn cn phi nh ngha cc trng hp ti trng. Load/Static Load Cases o Name ( DL(BC)1 ); Type>Construction Stage Load (CS); o Name ( DL(BC)2 ); Type>Construction Stage Load (CS);
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o Name ( DL(BC)3 ); Type>Construction Stage Load (CS); o Name ( DL(BC)4 ); Type>Construction Stage Load (CS); o Name ( DL(AC) ); Type>Construction Stage Load (CS); a) Gn cc ti trng tnh cho mt ct trc khi lin hp: Iso View, Load/Self Weight o Load Case Name>DL(BC)1; o Load Group Name>DL(BC)1; o Self Weight Factor>Z ( -1 ); o Operation>Add Load/Element Beam Loads o Select Identity-Elements ; Element Number (off)

o Select Type>Section>1:Sect 1 o Load Case Name>DL(BC)2; o Load Group Name>DL(BC)2; o Load Type>Uniform Loads; o Direction>Global Z; Projection>No ;

o Value>Relative x1 ( 0 ) ; x2 ( 1 ) ; w ( -38.96 ) o Select Polygon

o (Elements: 2to16by2, phn th nht ca mt ct lin hp bn tri dm) o Load Type>Uniform Moments/Torsions o Direction>Global X; Projection>No; o Value>Relative x1 ( 0 ); x2 ( 1 ); w ( 1.49 ) o Select Polygon

o (Elements: 1to15by2, phn th nht ca mt ct lin hp bn phi dm) o x1 ( 0 ) ; x2 ( 1 ) ; w ( -1.49 ) Tng t, a ti trng trc khi lin hp DL (BC) 3 cho mt ct CS3 v ti trng trc khi lin hp DL (BC) 4 cho mt ct CS4.

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Hnh 5. 37. Ti trng bn ca mt ct trong giai on CS3 v CS4

b) Gn cc ti trng tnh sau khi lin hp: Load/Element Beam Loads Select Identity-Elements o Select Type>Section ; 1:Sect 1, 1:Sect 2, 1:Sect 3 Load Case Name> DL(AC) ; Load Group Name>DL(AC) Load Type>Uniform Loads Direction>Global Z ; Projection>No ; Value>Relative x1 ( 0 ) ; x2 ( 1 ) ; w ( -18.69 ) Select Polygon (Elements: 2to62by2, left girders) Load Type>Uniform Moments/Torsions Direction>Global X ; Projection>No ; Value>Relative x1 ( 0 ) ; x2 ( 1 ) ; w ( -19.69 ) Select Polygon (Elements: 1to61by2, right girders) x1 ( 0 ) ; x2 ( 1 ) ; w ( 19.69 )
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Hnh 5. 38. Khai bo tnh ti hnh 2

2.6. nh ngha cc giai on thi cng a) nh ngha mt nhm phn t Gn cc nt v cc phn t thch hp thnh nhm phn t, nhm phn t ny s c a vo trong phn tch cc giai on thi cng tip theo. Select All Group>Structure Group>SGroup (Ko v th )

Hnh 5. 39. Gn cc phn t thnh mt nhm kt cu

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b) Xy dng cc giai on thi cng c) nh ngha cc mt ct lin hp tng ng vi mi giai on thi cng 2.7. Thc hin phn tch kt cu Khi m hnh mt ct lin hp v cc giai on thi cng c hon thnh, thc hin vic phn tch kt cu. Analysis>Perform Analysis 2.8. Biu din kt qu phn tch C hai phng php xem cc kt qu phn tch theo giai on thi cng. Mt l xem cc thnh phn lc v chuyn v ca tt c cc cu kin ti mi giai on thi cng nht nh, v cch th hai l xem s thay i ca cc ng sut ti mi phn ca mt ct lin hp do cc giai on thi cng trc theo dng bng. a) Biu din cc thnh phn lc Xem cc thnh phn lc ti giai on thi cng CS4, biu din mt mt di hn. y, Summation = Dead + Erection Load + Creep Secondary + Shrinkage Secondary. Stage>CS4 Results/Forces/Beam Diagrams o Load Cases/Combination>CS:Summation; o Step>Last Step Components>My o Output Options>5 Points ; Line Fill o Type of Display>Contour (on)

Hnh 5. 40. Biu m men ti giai on CS4

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Hnh 5. 41. M men ti giai on CS4

b) Biu din cc thnh phn ng sut Xem cc ng sut ca mi phn mt ct lin hp ti giai on thi cng CS4, biu din mt mt di hn. Result/ Result Table/Composite Section for C.S./Beam Stress Node or Element> ; (19)

Loadcase/Combination>Summation(CS) (on) Stage/Step>CS1:001(first) ~ CS4:002(last) (on) Part Number>Part j (on)

Hnh 5. 42. Kim tra cc lc v ng sut ca mt ct lin hp

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3. Thit k cu c hng BTCT DL 3.1. S liu thit k Thit k cu b tng ct thp d ng lc thi cng theo phng php c hng cn bng vi cc thng s sau: - S kt cu: 68+110+68m. - Kch thc mt ct ngang: (nh hnh v) Mt ct trn mt ct trn tr tr
1050 50 25 100 25 100 50

50

30

25

30

50

25

100 50

250

100 50

25

250

30

30

550

250

mt Mt ctgia nhp ct gia nhp

1050 50 25 100 25 100 50

50

25

30

30

50

600

25

250

550
Hnh 5. 43. Kch thc mt ct ngang

250

- Mt ct tr c kch thc nh hnh v:

-MIDAS/CivilTrang 186

300

50

50

25

100

250

100

25

25

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Hnh 5. 44. Kch thc tr cu

- Qu trnh thi cng c phn thnh cc on vi s sau:

Hnh 5. 45. Phn chia t c ti nhp gia v nhp bin

- Vt liu: Dm chnh: B tng c s hiu C5000; Tr: B tng c s hiu C3000; Thp DL tao 12.7mm.

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3.2. Khai bo vt liu: a) Chn n v tnh ton: T menu chnh la chn Tools/Unit System. La chn n v: Length>m; Force>KN. b) Khai bo vt liu: T menu chnh la chn Model/Properties/Material . Nhp chut vo nt trn hp thoi xut hin.

Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi Material Data. o Name: Nhp vo tn ca vt liu hoc chng trnh t in tn theo loi vt liu m ngi dng la chn. y ta chng trnh t in tn. o Type of Design: La chn loi vt liu thit k, b tng (Concrete), thp (Steel), SRC hoc loi t nh ngha User Defined. o Standard: La chn loi tiu chun vt liu mun khai bo hoc c th t nhp cc thng s cho vt liu bng cch chn None. o DB: La chn loi vt liu tng ng vi tiu chun la chn. o Cui cng nhp chut vo nt v .

Hnh 5. 46. Khai bo cc thng s vt liu

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c) Khai bo nh hng ca co ngt v t bin T menu chnh la chn Model/Properties/Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrink)... Nhp chut vo nt trn hp thoi xut hin.

Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi xut hin: o Name: Nhp tn ty theo ngi dng (C5000). o Code: La chn code tng ng, y thng dng CEB-FIP. o Cng b tng tui 28 ngy: (50000). o m mi trng: (70%) o Kch thc danh nh: (1). o Loi xi mng: (N, R). o Tui b tng bt u co ngt: (3) (ngy). o Sau nhp chut vo nt . v .

o xem kt qu hm nh hng thi gian ti vt liu nhp chut vo nt

Hnh 5. 47. Khai bo co ngt, t bin

d) Khai bo nh hng ca thi gian ti cng ca vt liu T menu chnh la chn Model/Properties/Time Dependent Material (Comp. Strength). Nhp chut vo nt trn hp thoi xut hin.

Khai bo cc thng s sau vo hp thoi: o Name: Nhp tn (C5000). o Type: (Code)

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o S pht trin ca cng : (CEB-FIP). o Cng chu nn ca b tng tui 28 ngy: (50000). o Loi xi mng: (N, R: 0.25). o Sau nhp chut vo nt v .

Hnh 5. 48. Khai bo nh hng ca thi gian ti cng vt liu

e) Gn nh hng co ngt, t bin v thi gian ti cng vt liu T menu chnh la chn Model/Properties/Time Dependent Material Link. Nhp cc thng s sau trong hp thoi: o Time Dependent Material Type Creep/Shrink: (C5000); Comp. Strength: (C5000). o Selected Material to Assign Material: Nhp chut vo 1: Grade C5000; Nhp chut vo nt Materials. Nhp chut vo nt chuyn loi vt liu sang Selected v .

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Hnh 5. 49. Gn cc thuc tnh ph thuc thi gian cho vt liu

3.3. Khai bo mt ct: a) Khai bo mt ct tr cu: T menu chnh la chn Model/Properties/Section. Trn Tab Section ca hp thoi Properties, nhp chut vo nt Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi Section Data>DB/User: o Loi mt ct: o Name: (Than tru); o User: on; o Nhp kch thc mt ct: H (3); B (7.5); a (1); b (0.75); o Nhp chut vo nt
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o Do mt ct tr cu thay i nn ta phi khai bo thm mt ct pha thn tr: Chuyn sang Tab Tapered; Loi mt ct: Name: (Pier1); La chn ty chn: (User); Section i: H (3); B(5.5); a (0.0001); b (0.0001); Section j: H (3); B(7.5); a (1); b (0.75); Offset: (Center Center); Dng thay i mt ct: (Liner); Nhp chut vo nt b) Khai bo mt ct dm ch: Trn hp thoi Section la chn Tab PSC; Khai bo cc thng s sau: Khai bo mt ct trn tr: o La chn loi mt ct: o Name: (Tai tru); o Joint On/Off: JI1 (on); JI5 (on); o Cc thng s mt ct: HO1 0.25 HO2 0.25 HO3 5.5 BO1 2.5 BO2 0 BO3 2.75 ; . ;

HI1 0.25

HI2 0.25

HI2-1 0

HI3 4.6

HI4 0.3

HI4-1 0 ;

HI5 0.6

BI1 2.25

BI1-1 1.25

BI3 2.25

BI3-1 1.95

o Nhp chut vo nt Khai bo mt ct gia nhp: o Name: (Giua nhip);

o Joint On/Off: JI1 (on); JI5 (on); o Nhp cc thng s mt ct theo s liu sau: HO1 0.25 HO2 0.25 HO3 2.5 BO1 2.5 BO2 0 BO3 2.75

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HI1 0.25

HI2 0.25

HI2-1 0

HI3 1.9

HI4 0.3

HI4-1 0

HI5 0.3

BI1 2.25

BI1-1 1.25

BI3 2.25

BI3-1 1.95

Hnh 5. 50. Khai bo mt ct dm chnh

Khai bo dng mt ct thay i: Trn hp thoi Section la chn Tab Tapered; La chn loi mt ct: Khai bo mt ct t tr n gia nhp: o Name: (Tai tru Giua nhip);
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o Size-I: Nhp chut vo nt tru; o Size-J: Nhp chut vo nt 4:Giua nhip o y Axis Variation: (Liner); o z Axis Variation: (Liner); o Offset: Center Top; o Nhp chut vo nt ;

, la chn mt ct 3:Tai , la chn mt ct

Khai bo mt ct thay i t gia nhp n tr: o Name: (Giua nhip Tai tru); o Size I: La chn mt ct 4: Giua nhp; o Size J: La chn mt ct 3: Tai tru; o Nhp chut nt 3.4. M hnh ha kt cu: To m hnh im v phn t dm: Chuyn i cc thng s sau: (on); Element Snap (on); Front View; Auto Fitting (on); Node Snap .

T menu chnh la chn Model/Nodes/Create Nodes... Coordinate (x, y, z): (0, 0, 0), nhp chut nt ;

T menu chnh la chn Model/Elements/Extrude Elements... La chn im va c to, nhp chut nt o Extrude Type: Node Line Element; o Element Type: Beam; Material: Grade C5000; o Section: 4: Giua nhip; Generation Type: Translate; o Translation: Unequal Distance; Axis: x; o Distance: 2@1, 3@4, 2@1, 11@4, 3, 5.5, 1.5, 1.5, 5.5, 3, 11@4, 1 o Nhp chut vo nt . Select All;

o Extrude Type: Node Line Element; o Element Type: Beam; Material: Grade C3000; o Section: 1: Than tru; Generation Type: Translate; o Translation: Unequal Distance; Axis: z;
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o Distance: -6, -1.5, -10.5; o La chn im c s hiu: 22; 59. o Nhp chut vo nt Model/Elements/Mirror o La chn tt c cc phn t o Mode: Copy; o Reflection: y-z plane> x: 125; o Reverse Element Local: on; o Nhp chut vo nt Gn mt ct cho cc phn t: La chn phn t theo s hiu: Select Identity> Elements: 8to20; 59to71; v . Select All; .

Gn mt ct c tn 4: Giua nhip Tai tru (Ko v th); La chn phn t c s hiu: 23to35; 44to56; Gn mt ct c tn 5: Tai tru Giua nhip (Ko v th); La chn phn t c s hiu: 21to22; 57to58; Gn mt ct c tn 3: Tai tru; Gn mt ct thay i cho tng nhp: T menu chnh la chn Model/Properties/Tapered Section Group; Khai bo cc thng s sau: o Group Name: Nhip1; o Element List: 8to20; o Section Shape Variation>z-Axis: polynomial>2; o Nhp chut vo nt o Group Name: Nhip2; o Element List: 23to35; o Section Shape Variation>z-Axis: polynomial>2; o Nhp chut vo nt o Group Name: Nhip3; o Element List: 44to56; o Section Shape Variation>z-Axis: polynomial>2; o Nhp chut vo nt
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o Group Name: Nhip4; o Element List: 59to71; o Section Shape Variation>z-Axis: polynomial>2; o Nhp chut vo nt ;

o Bm v gi t hp phm Ctrl+Shift v la chn tt c cc nhm va khai bo. o Nhp chut vo nt New Start Section Number: 101; Use New Section Number Suffix: on; Start Suffix Number: 1; Nhp chut vo nt . .

Hnh 5. 51. To mt ct thay i

3.5. Khai bo cc nhm (Group): a) Khai bo iu kin bin: T menu chnh la chn Model/Group/Define Boundary Group; Khai bo cc nhm sau: BL (gi tri); BR (gi phi) v Pier (tr);

Hnh 5. 52. Khai bo nhm iu kin bin

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Gn cc iu kin bin cho kt cu: o T menu chnh la chn Model/Boundaries/Supports. o La chn cc im b tr gi: 2 u cu, ti 2 tr; La chn im 1; Boundary Group Name: BL; Cc iu kin bin b khng ch: Dy; Dz; Rx; Rz; Nhp chut vo nt La chn im 38; Boundary Group Name: BR; Cc iu kin bin b khng ch: Dy; Dz; Rx; Rz; Nhp chut vo nt La chn im 78, 79; Boundary Group Name: Pier; Cc iu kin bin b khng ch: D-ALL; R-ALL; Nhp chut vo nt . . .

o Khai bo lin kt gia tr v dm chnh trong qu trnh thi cng: T menu chnh la chn Model/Boundaries/Elastic Link; Boundary Group Name: Pier; Link Type: Rigid Type; 2 Nodes: 22, 74 (La chn bng chut); Copy Elastic Link: on; Distance: on; Axis: x; Distances: 110; Nhp chut vo nt b) Khai bo nhm kt cu T menu chnh la chn Model/Group/Define Structure Group (Ctrl+F1); Khai bo cc nhm sau: Tr, cc t c hng, t hp long, t c trn gio. o Name: Tru; Suffix: 1to2; o Name: K0P; Suffix: 1to2; o Name: P1K; suffix: 1to12; o Name: P2K; Suffix: 1to12; o Name: Hop long; Suffix: 1to3;
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o Name: Da giao; Suffix: 1to2; Sau mi ln nhp tn v s bc lp th nhp chut vo nt .

Hnh 5. 53. Khai bo cc nhm kt cu

Gn cc nhm kt cu cho phn t tng ng: o La chn phn t bng s hiu ca n: 75to77; ; Select Identity Element.

Group/Structure Group/Tru1 (Ko v Th); 76to78; ;

Group/Structure Group/Tru2 (Ko v Th); 20to23; ;

Group/Structure Group/K0P1 (Ko v Th); 56to59; ;

Group/Structure Group/K0P2 (Ko v Th); Gn cc nhm kt cu khc tng ng vi bng sau: Nhm kt cu P1K1 P1K2 P1K3 P1K4 P1K5 P1K6
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Phn t 19, 24 18, 25 17, 26 16, 27 15, 28 14, 29

Nhm kt cu P2K1 P2K2 P2K3 P2K4 P2K5 P2K6

Phn t 55, 60 54, 61 53, 62 52, 63 51, 64 50, 65

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P1K7 P1K8 P1K9 P1K10 P1K11 P1K12

13, 30 12, 31 11, 32 10, 33 9, 34 8, 35

P2K7 P2K8 P2K9 P2K10 P2K11 P2K12 Hop long1 Hop long2 Hop long3 Da giao1 Da giao2

49, 66 48, 67 47, 68 46, 69 45, 70 44, 71 6, 7 36, 72 42, 43 1to5 37to41

c) Khai bo nhm ti trng: Theo nguyn tc s lng nhm ti trng t nht s bng s ti trng nhn vi s lng nhm kt cu. Trn c s nh vy khai bo nhm ti trng nh sau: Cc nhm ti trng v b tng sau khi ng cng (Ban than), b tng t (BT), xe c (XD), d ng lc (DUL), ti trng thi gian v tnh ti giai on 2. T menu chnh la chn Model/Group/Define Load Group; o Name: Ban than; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

o Name: BT-P1K; Suffix: 1to12; o Name: BT-P2K; Suffix: 1to12; o Name: BT-Hop long; Suffix: 1to3; o Name: XD-K0P; Suffix: 1to2; o Name: XD-P1K; Suffix: 1to11; o Name: XD-P2K; Suffix: 1to11; o Name: XD-Hop long; Suffix: 1to3; o Name: DUL-K0P; Suffix: 1to2; o Name: DUL-P1K; Suffix: 1to12; o Name: DUL-P2K; Suffix: 1to12; o Name: DUL-Hop long; Suffix: 1to3; o Name: TT Thoi gian;
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o Name: TT Phan 2;

Hnh 5. 54. Khai bo nhm ti trng

3.6. Khai bo cc bc thi cng thc hin khai bo cc bc thi cng, ngi thit k phi xc nh r thi gian cn thit thi cng xong mt t c. Trong v d ny, chng ta cn quan tm ti mt s thng s sau: - Ti trng d ng lc v ti trng xe c ch tc dng ln t c khi t c lm vic (Actived). - Ti trng b tng ti tc dng ln t c khi b tng t tip theo. - Thi gian di chuyn xe c, lp t vn khun, ct thp v ng cha cp d ng lc l 7 ngy. - Thi gian b tng ng cng l 5 ngy. Do tng thi gian thi cng mt t c l 12 ngy.

Hnh 5. 55. Ti trng tc dng ln t c theo tng giai on thi cng

T menu chnh la chn Load/Construction Stage Analysis Data/Define Construction Stage; Nhp chut vo nt
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Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi Define Construction Stage: o Name: CS; Suffix: 1to12; o Duration: 12; o Additional Steps> Day: 7; Nhp chut vo nt o Save Result> Stage: on; Additional Steps:on; o Nhp chut vo nt o Name: CS13; Suffix: (); o Duration: 30; o Additional Steps> Day: 20; Nhp chut vo nt o Save Result> Stage: on; Additional Steps:on; o Nhp chut vo nt o Name: CS14; Suffix: (); o Duration: 30; o Additional Steps> Day: (20); Nhp chut vo nt o Save Result> Stage: on; Additional Steps:on; o Nhp chut vo nt o Name: CS15; Suffix: (); o Duration: 30; o Additional Steps> Day: 20; Nhp chut vo nt o Save Result> Stage: on; Additional Steps:on; o Nhp chut vo nt o Name: CS16; Suffix: (); o Duration: (0); o Additional Steps> Day: (); Nhp chut vo nt o Save Result> Stage: on; Additional Steps:on; o Nhp chut vo nt o Name: CS17; Suffix: (); o Duration: 10000; o Additional Steps> Day: (); Nhp chut vo nt o Save Result> Stage: on; Additional Steps:on;
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o Nhp chut vo nt

Hnh 5. 56. Khai bo cc giai on thi cng

Gn cc thng s theo tng bc thi cng: ng vi mi bc thi cng ta cn phi khai bo 3 thng s yu cu: - Phn t c kch hot (Activation) hoc loi b (Deactivation); - iu kin bin tng ng; - Ti trng tc dng ln kt cu. o Trn hp thoi Construction Stage, nhp chut vo bc thi cng CS1 v bm nt ; o Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi Compose Construction Stage: Trn Tab Element: La chn phn t c kch hot hoc loi b: Group List: Tru1, Tru2; Activation>Age: 100; Group List: K0P1, K0P2; Activation>Age: 15; Trn Tab Boundary: Group List: Pier; Activation>Support/Spring Possition>Origin: on; Trn Tab Load: Group List: Ban than, DUL-K0P1, DUL-K0P2, XD-K0P1, XD-K0P2; Activation>Active Day: First;
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Group List: BT-P1K1, BT-P2K1; Activation>Active Day: 7.

Hnh 5. 57. Khai bo giai on thi cng (Tab Element)

Hnh 5. 58. Khai bo giai on thi cng (Tab Boundary)

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Hnh 5. 59. Khai bo giai on thi cng (Tab Load)

o T bc 2 cho n bc 12 thc hin theo trnh t nh sau: Tab Group: Kch hot phn t ca t trc ngy th 5; Tab Boundary: trng; Tab Load: Loi b ti trng xe c v trng lng b tng ti ca t trc ; Kch hot ti trng xe c trn t hin ti; Kch hot ti trng d ng lc trn t trc .

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Hnh 5. 60. Khai bo giai on thi cng (t 2-12)

o Vi bc 13:

Hnh 5. 61. Bc thi cng 13 (Tab Element)

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Hnh 5. 62. Bc thi cng 13 (Tab Load)

o Vi bc 14:

Hnh 5. 63. Bc thi cng 14 (Tab Element)

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Hnh 5. 64. Bc thi cng 14 (Tab Boundary)

Hnh 5. 65. Bc thi cng 14 (Tab Load)

o Vi bc 15:

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Hnh 5. 66. Bc thi cng 15 (Tab Element)

Hnh 5. 67. Bc thi cng 15 (Tab Boundary)

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Hnh 5. 68. Bc thi cng 15 (Tab Load)

o Vi bc 16:

Hnh 5. 69. Bc thi cng 16 (Tab Element)

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Hnh 5. 70. Bc thi cng 16 (Tab Load)

o Vi bc 17:

Hnh 5. 71. Bc thi cng 17 (Tab Load)

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3.7. Khai bo ti trng a) Khai bo trng lng bn thn: T menu chnh la chn Load/Self Weight o Load Case Name: Ban than; o Load Group Name: Ban than; o Self Weight Factor>Z: -1; o Nhp chut vo nt b) Khai bo ti trng xe c: Xe c c trng lng 800KN, c m hnh thnh ti trng tp trung 800KN v m men 2000KNm quay xung quanh trc y, t ti u mi t c. La chn bc thi cng th nht: CS1; Load/Nodal Loads; Select Window: (im 20); Load Case Name: XD; Load Group Name: XD-K0P1; Fz: -800; My: -2000; Select Window: (im 24); Load Case Name: XD; Load Group Name: XD-K0P1; Fz: -800; My: 2000; Select Window: (im 61); Load Case Name: XD; Load Group Name: XD-K0P2; Fz: -800; My: -2000; Select Window: (im 57); Load Case Name: XD; Load Group Name: XD-K0P2; Fz: -800; My: 2000; Cc giai on khc khai bo tng t. c) Khai bo ti trng b tng ti: Ti trng ca b tng ti c m hnh thnh ti trng tp trung v m men quay
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xung quanh trc y. Gi tr ti trng c tnh ton thng qua Bill of Material. Tools/Bill of Material; Select BOM output>Beam Truss Element BOM Type 1: on; Nhp chut vo nt .

Qu trnh khai bo: o Chuyn v giai on thi cng th nht CS1; o Load/Nodal Loads; o Select Identity Node: La chn im 20;

o Load Case Name: BT; o Load Group Name: BT-P1K1; o Fz: -774.8; My: -774.8*2.5; o .

Select Identity Node: La chn im 24;

o Load Case Name: BT; o Load Group Name: BT-P1K1; o Fz: -774.8; My: 774.8*2.5; o .

Select Identity Node: La chn im 57;

o Load Case Name: BT; o Load Group Name: BT-P2K1; o Fz: -774.8; My: 774.8*2.5;
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Select Identity Node: La chn im 61;

o Load Case Name: BT; o Load Group Name: BT-P2K1; o Fz: -774.8; My: -774.8*2.5; Cc bc sau khai bo tng t. .

Hnh 5. 72. Kt qu ti trng sau khi khai bo

d) Khai bo ti trng d ng lc: Khai bo tn ca cc phn t cp d ng lc: o T menu chnh la chn Load/Prestress Loads/Tendon Property; o Nhp chut vo nt o Khai bo cc thng s sau: Tendon Name: TOP (cp d ng lc pha trn); Tendon Type: Internal (Post-Tension); Material: 3: Cap DUL; Total Tendon Area: nhp din tch b cp hoc nhp chut vo nt khai bo ng knh tao cp 12.7mm v s lng tao l 19 tao. Duct Diameter: 0.097 (ng knh ng gen); Ultimate Strength: 1860000 (cng gii hn chy); Yield Strength: 1670000 (cng gii hn bn);
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trn hp thoi Tendon Property;

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Curvature Friction Factor: 0.2 (h s ma st gia cp v ng); Wobble Friction Factor: 0.001 (h s ma st cong); Anchorage Slip: tt neo Begin: 0.006; End: 0.006; Bond type: Bonded (on); o Nhp chut vo nt ;

Tendon Name: BOTTOM (cp d ng lc pha di); Tendon Type: Internal (Post-Tension); Material: 3: Cap DUL; Total Tendon Area: nhp din tch b cp hoc nhp chut vo nt khai bo ng knh tao cp 12.7mm v s lng tao l 25 tao. Duct Diameter: 0.107 (ng knh ng gen); Ultimate Strength: 1860000 (cng gii hn chy); Yield Strength: 1670000 (cng gii hn bn); Curvature Friction Factor: 0.2 (h s ma st gia cp v ng); Wobble Friction Factor: 0.001 (h s ma st cong); Anchorage Slip: tt neo Begin: 0.006; End: 0.006; Bond type: Bonded (on); Nhp chut vo nt ;

Hnh 5. 73. Khai bo c trng ca cp d ng lc

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Khai bo cch b tr cp d ng lc: Tn TC1 x 4.119 5.15 6.45 -4.119 -5.15 -6.45 4.119 5.15 6.45 -4.119 -5.15 -6.45 7.394 8.229 9.45 -7.394 -8.229 -9.45 10.394 11.229 12.45 -10.394 -11.229 -12.45 13.348 15.45 -13.348 -15.45 TC6 16.348 18.45 -16.348 -18.45 TC7 17.458 18.345 21.45 -17.458 -18.345 -21.45 20.458 21.345 y 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 2.79 2.732 2.56 2.56 2.732 2.79 1.71 1.768 1.94 1.71 1.768 1.94 2.874 2.56 2.874 2.56 1.626 1.94 1.626 1.94 3.09 3.024 2.56 3.09 3.024 2.56 1.41 1.476 R 15 x 4.119 5.15 6.45 -4.119 -5.15 -6.45 4.119 5.15 6.45 -4.119 -5.15 -6.45 7.119 8.15 9.45 -7.119 -8.15 -9.45 10.119 11.15 12.45 -10.119 -11.15 -12.45 13.119 14.15 15.45 -13.119 -14.15 -15.45 16.119 17.15 18.45 -16.119 -17.15 -18.45 -0.125 20.15 21.45 -19.119 -20.15 -21.45 22.119 23.15 z -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 TC7 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 R 15

15

15

TC2

15

15

15

15

TC3

15

15

15

15

TC4

15

15

15 15

15 15

TC5

15

15

15

15

15

15

19.119 15

17.458 15

15

15

TC8
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15
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TC9

TC10

TC10R

24.45 -20.458 -21.345 -24.45 22.684 23.623 27.45 -22.684 -23.623 -27.45 26.184 27.123 30.95 -26.184 -27.123 -30.95 25.237 26.176 30.95 -25.237 -26.176 -30.95

1.94 1.41 1.476 1.94 3.24 3.166 2.56 3.24 3.166 2.56 1.26 1.334 1.94 1.26 1.334 1.94 3.39 3.316 2.56 3.39 3.316 2.56

15

15

15

15

15 15

15

24.45 -22.119 -23.15 -24.45 25.119 26.15 27.45 -25.119 -26.15 -27.45 28.619 29.65 30.95 -28.619 -29.65 -30.95 28.619 29.65 30.95 -28.619 -29.65 -30.95

-0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25 -0.125 -0.16 -0.25

15

15

15

15

15 15

15

o Kch hot nhm kt cu ca t K0 tr P1; o T menu chnh la chn Load/Prestress Loads/Tendon Profile; Tendon Name: P1TC1R; Tendon Property: TOP; Assigned Element: Select All hoc la chn phn t t 20 23;

Input Type: 2D (la chn kiu nhp l 2D); Curve Type: Round; Straight Length of Tendon: chiu di on thng u cp d ng lc Begin (0); End (0); Profile: Nhp ta x, y, z v bn knh R nh bng thng k trn. e) Khai bo ti trng giai on 2: o La chn phn t theo s hiu: T menu chnh, nhp chut vo biu tng (Seclect Identity).

Nhp s hiu phn t (1to71) vo Element v bm phm Enter trn bn phm.

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Hnh 5. 74. La chn phn t theo s hiu

o T menu chnh la chn: Load/Element Beam Loads o Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi xut hin: Load case name: TT2; Load group name: TT2; Khai bo gi tr ti trng phn b u: w = -7.5; o Nhp chut vo nt Apply v Close. f) Khai bo hot ti: o T menu chnh la chn: Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Moving Load Code; o La chn tiu chun tiu chun thit k: AASHTO LRFD;

Hnh 5. 75. La chn tiu chun thit k

o Khai bo ln xe: Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Traffic Line Lanes; Nhp chut vo nt Add vo hp thoi Traffic Line Lines; Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi: Lane name: lantrai;
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Hnh 5. 76. Khai bo ln xe

lch tm (a): -3.5 Selection by: 2point: Nhp chut vo im u v im cui ca kt cu nhp; Nhp chut vo nt OK; Lane name: lanphai; lch tm (a): 3.5;
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Selection by: 2point: Nhp chut vo im u v im cui ca kt cu nhp; Nhp chut vo nt OK; o Khai bo xe: Vehicles Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Vehicles; Nhp chut vo nt ;

Khai bo xe ti thit k (HL-93TRK) v xe hai trc (HL-93TDM); Khai bo h s xung kch: Dynamic Load Allowance: 25; Nhp chut vo nt .

Hnh 5. 77. Khai bo xe

o Khai bo nhm xe: Vehicle Classes Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Vehicle Classes; Nhp chut vo nt trn hp thoi Vehicle Classes;

Khai bo cc thng s vo hp thoi xut hin: Vehicle Class Name (tn xe): Xe tai TK; La chn loi xe l HL-93TRK v nhp chut vo nt Nhp chut vo nt
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Tip tc khai bo: Xe hai truc; La chn loi xe l HL-93TDM; Nhp chut vo nt .

Hnh 5. 78. Khai bo nhm xe

o Khai bo trng hp ti trng di ng: Moving Load Cases; Load/Moving Load Analysis Data/Moving Load Cases; Nhp chut vo nt Khai bo cc thng s sau: Load Case Name: MVL; Sub-Load Cases: Loading Effcet: Independent; Nhp chut vo nt v la chn: trn hp thoi xut hin;

o Vehicle Class: VC:Xe tai TK; o Min. number of load lanes: 1; o Max. number of load lanes: 2; o La chn lantrai, lanphai v nhp chut vo nt o Nhp chut vo nt o Vehicle Class: VC:Xe hai truc; o Min. number of load lanes: 1; o Max. number of load lanes: 2; o La chn lantrai, lanphai v nhp chut vo nt o Nhp chut vo nt Nhp chut vo nt
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Hnh 5. 79. Khai bo trng hp ti trng di ng

3.8. Chy chng trnh v xut kt qu 3.8.1. Chy chng trnh: - Thit lp cc ty chn cho qu trnh phn tch: Analysis/Construction Stage Analysis Control; La chn cc ty chn tnh ton sau: Trong mc Analysis Option la chn Include Time Dependent Effect; La chn tnh ton nh hng ca thi gian ti hiu ng co ngt v t bin bng la chn Creep&Shrinkage; T menu chnh la chn Analysis/Perform Analysis hoc bm phm F5.

3.8.2. Xut kt qu: - Xut kt qu ni lc tng giai on thi cng: Results/Forces/Beam Diagrams; La chn dng ni lc cn xut ra (M men (M), lc ct (Q));
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Hnh 5. 80. Biu m men cho giai on c hng (GD10)

Hnh 5. 81. Biu lc ct cho giai on thi cng c hng (GD10)

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Hnh 5. 82. Biu m men cho giai on thi cng (GD16)

Xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti: Xut kt qu ng nh hng: Results/Influence Lines/Beam Forces/Moments; La chn phn t cn xut v loi ni lc cn xut ng nh hng;

Hnh 5. 83. Cc ty chn cho vic xut kt qu AH

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Hnh 5. 84. ng nh hng m men ca phn t

Hnh 5. 85. ng nh hng lc ct ca phn t

Xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti: Results/Moving Load Traces/Beam Forces/Moments La chn loi ni lc cn xut kt qu.

Hnh 5. 86. Cc ty chn xut kt qu ni lc do hot ti

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