XC NH TRNG TM CA MT HNH A GIC BT K

Ngy gi bi: 02/03/2009 S lt c: 1907

Chc c ln trong cng vic hng ngy, chng ta gp bi ton sau: Trong mt phng, cho mt hnh a gic bt k vi to cc nh l s thc. Vn t ra l xc nh trng tm ca hnh a gic . lm c vic , sau y xin tm tt li l thuyt c trng hnh hc ca mt ct ngang:

2. Tr c trung tm: Mmen tnh ca mt hnh i vi mt trc no bng khng trc y gi l trc trung tm. 3. Tr ng tm: Giao im ca hai trc trung tm c gi l trng tm mt ct.Trng tm l duy nht i vi mt hnh phng. 4. Quan h gi a mmen tnh c a m t hnh i v i m t tr c v kho ng cch t tr ng tm c a hnh n tr c . a) Gi s c trc x bt k v trc trung tm xc (C l trng tm mt ct) song song vi trc x. Ta c y = yc + yo. Thay vo cng thc nh ngha, ta c:

Theo nh ngha s hng th hai v phi bng khng, do :

Hay

Tng t ta tnh c:

Nh vy l t cc cng thc trn, ta c th tnh c mmen tnh ca mt hnh nu bit trng tm hoc ngc li xc nh c trng tm nu bit mmen tnh ca hnh m khng phi qua php tnh tch phn.

b) T ta c cng thc tnh trng tm hnh ghp nu bit trng tm ca cc hnh thnh phn.

Nh n xt : T cng thc ny ta c th tnh c trng tm ca mt hnh a gic bt k da vo cc tam gic thnh phn.
Cng thc tnh trng tm G, v din tch F ca hnh tam gic bit to 3 nh A (x A, yA), B (xB, yB) v C (xC, yC).

Da vo nhn xt trn y ti xin gii thiu chng trnh tnh trng tm ca mt hnh a gic li bt k. D liu vo l n (n > 2) im (trong mt phng Oxy) to n nh lin tip nhau ca a gic li. Ta chia a gic li ny thnh n-2 tam gicvi 3 nh ca tam gic ln lt l nh th 1, nh th i v nh th

T y ta c th xy dng chng trnh, sau y l ton vn chng trnh: {$A+,B-,D+,E+,F-,G-,I+,L+,N-,O-,P-,Q-,R-,S+,T-,V+,X+,Y+} {$M 16384,0,655360}

Program Xac_dinh_trong_tam ; Const Maxn = 1000 ; FileInp = 'TTAM.INP' ; FileOut = 'TTAM.Out' ; tp = 2 ; {So chu so thap phan can} Type Toado = Record x, y : Real ; End ; Mang = Array [1.. Maxn] of Toado ; Var A : Mang ; XG, YG : Real ; tongx, tongy, tong : Real ; N : Integer ; Procedure Docfile ; Var f : Text ; i : Integer ; Begin Assign (f, FileInp) ; {$I-} Reset (f) ; {$I+} If IOResult <> 0 then Halt ; Readln (f, N) ; FillChar (A, Sizeof (A), 0) ;

For i := 1 to N do Readln (f, A [i].x, A [i].y) ; Close (f) ; tongx := 0 ; tongy := 0 ; tong := 0 ; End ; Function XAG (AA, BB, CC : Toado) : Real ; Begin XAG := (AA.x + BB.x + CC.x) / 3 ; End ; Function YAG (AA, BB, CC : Toado) : Real ; Begin YAG := (AA.y + BB.y + CC.y) / 3 ; End ; Function SA (AA, BB, CC : Toado) : Real ; Var tam : Real ; Begin tam := (AA.x - BB.x) * (AA.y + BB.y) + (BB.x - CC.x) * (BB.y + CC.y) + (CC.x - AA.x) * (CC.y + AA.y) ; SA := Abs (tam) / 2 ; End ; Procedure Xuly ; Var i : Integer ; tamx, tamy, tamS : Real ;

Begin For i := 2 to n - 1 do Begin tamx := XAG (A [1], A [i], A [i + 1]) ; tamy := YAG (A [1], A [i], A [i + 1]) ; tamS := SA (A [1], A [i], A [i + 1]) ; tongx := tongx + tamx * tamS ; tongy := tongy + tamy * tamS ; tong := tong + tamS ; End ; XG := tongx / tong ; YG := tongy / tong ; End ; Procedure Ghifile ; Var f : Text ; Begin Assign (f, FileOut) ; Rewrite (f) ; Writeln (f, XG : 0 : tp, #32, YG : 0 : tp) ; Close (f) ; End ; Begin Docfile ; Xuly ; Ghifile ; End. File vo TTAM.INP

4 00 40 44 04 File ra TTAM.OUT 2.00 2.00 Bn c c th tm hiu thm xc nh c trng tm ca mt hnh bt k (c c phn khuyt bn trong) ng thi c th xc nh thm cc c trng hnh hc khc nh m men qun tnh Jx, Jy, Jxy, bn knh qun tnh ix, iy Rt mong s quan tm v trao i ca qu bn c.

Ti li u tham kh o : 1. Sc bn vt liu V nh Lai (Ch bin), Nguyn Xun Lu, Bi nh Nghi Nh xut bn giao thng vn ti H Ni 1997. 2. Sc bn vt liu Nguyn Y T (Ch bin) Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut H Ni 1996.
a ch: KS. Nguyn Thnh Qu - Phng THD Phn vin KHCN GTVT Pha Nam. S 3 Phm Ngc Thch Phng 6 Qun 3 TPHCM.

Nguyn Thnh Qu Email: Rotsutc@yahoo.com