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LI NI U ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHNG I
NHIM V -YU CU -PHNG N THIT K
1.1. TNG QUAN .....................................................................................................1
1.2. NHIM V - YU CU THIT K. ................................................................2
1.2.1. Nhim v thit k. ........................................................................................2
1.2.2. Yu cu thit k ............................................................................................2
1.2.2.1. Yu cu chung........................................................................................2
1.2.2.2. Yu cu c th trong tnh ton thit k cu trc ....................................3
1.3. PHNG N THIT K ..................................................................................4
1.3.1. c im, phn lai cu trc ........................................................................4
1.3.1.1. Mt s c im v cu trc ..................................................................4
1.3.1.2. Phn loi cu trc ...................................................................................5
1.3.2. Chn phng n thit k.............................................................................13
1.3.2.1. Phn tch,chn phng n thit k .......................................................13
1.3.2.2. Chn cc thng s c bn ....................................................................16
CHNG II
TNH CC C CU CHNH
2.1. CHN PHNG N V TNH TON C CU NNG .............................18
2.1.1. Chn phng n cho c cu nng ..............................................................18
2.1.2. Tnh c cu nng ........................................................................................20
2.1.2.1. Chn loi dy .......................................................................................20
2.1.2.2. palng gim lc ....................................................................................20
2.1.2.3. Kch thc dy .....................................................................................21
2.1.2.4. Tnh cc kch thc c bn ca tang v rng rc ................................21
2.1.2.5. Tnh chn ng c in .......................................................................24
2.1.2.6. T s truyn chung ..............................................................................25
2.1.2.7. Kim tra ng c in v nhit. ...........................................................25
2.1.2.8 .Tnh chn phanh ..................................................................................29
2.1.2.9.Thit k b truyn .................................................................................32
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
ii
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
iii
CHNG IV
TNH CC THIT B PH V S B
TNH GI THNH
4.1. THIT K H THNG IU KHIN CHO CC C CU CNG TC ...79
4.1.1. Khi nim chung .........................................................................................79
4.1.2. H thng dy dn v cc thit b bo v .....................................................79
4.1.2.1. H thng dy dn cung cp in cho cu trc .....................................79
4.1.2.2. Cc thit b bo v ...............................................................................80
4.1.3. Thit k mch iu khin cho cc c cu cng tc ....................................80
4.2.3.1. Mch iu khin c cu nng: .............................................................80
4.2.3.2. Mch iu khin c cu di chuyn xe con v c cu di chuyn cu ...81
4.2. THIT K CC THIT B AN TON C - IN CHO CU TRC .........85
4.2.1. Thit b hn ch chiu cao nng .................................................................85
4.2.2. Thit b hn ch ti trng nng ...................................................................86
4.2.3. Thit b gii hn hnh trnh di chuyn v gim chn .................................86
4.3. S B TNH GI THNH SN PHM ........................................................87
CHNG V
KT LUN V XUT KIN
KT LUN ..............................................................................................................90
XUT KIN ..................................................................................................90
TI LIU THAM KHO ...........................................................................................91
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
CHNG I
NHIM V -YU CU -PHNG N THIT K
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
6. Palng in.
7. Dm chnh.
3. C cu di chuyn cu.
9. Mc cu.
5. Dm cui.
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
Xe con mang hng 11 di chuyn dc theo ng ray lp trn hai dm (dn) ch;
trn xe con t cc b my ca ti chnh 10, ti ph 9 v b my di chuyn xe con 2,
cc dy cp in 8 c th co dn ph hp vi v ch ca xe con v cp in cho cu
trc nh h thanh dn in 12 t dc theo tng nh xng, cc qut in 3 pha t
st trn cc thanh ny, lng thp lm cng tc kim tra 13 treo di dm cu trc. Cc
b my ca cu trc thc hin 3 chc nng: nng h hng, di chuyn xe con v di
chuyn cu trc. Sc nng ca cu trc 2 dm thng trong khong 5 30 tn, khi c
yu cu ring c th n 500 tn. cu trc c sc nng trn 10 tn, thng c
trang b hai ti nng cng vi hai mc cu chnh v ph, ti ph c sc nng thng
bng mt phn t (0,25) sc nng ca ti chnh, nhng tc nng th ln hn.
Dm chnh ca cu trc hai dm c ch to di dng hp hoc dn khng
gian. Dm gin khng gian tuy c nh hn dm hp song kh ch to v thng ch
dng cho cu trc c ti trng nng
v khu ln. Dm cui ca cu
trc hai dm thng c lm di
dng hp v lin kt vi cc dm
chnh bng bu lng hoc hn.
c. Theo cch ta ca dm
chnh
Theo cch ta ca dm chnh
c cc loi cu trc ta v cu trc
cheo.
- Cu trc ta l loi cu trc
m hai u ca dm chnh ta ln
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
10
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
11
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
12
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
13
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
14
1
3
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
15
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
16
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Ch lm vic (T)
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
17
15
- Cng lm vic, C%
- H s s dng trong ngy, kng
0,33
0,25
0,55
- S ln m my trong mt gi, m
60
10 15
25
- ln
10
- Bnh rng
15
25
- ln
1000
- Bnh rng
1500
2500
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
18
CHNG II
TNH CC C CU CHNH
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
19
ch tiu kinh t nh gi thnh, chi ph sn xut, khu hao, chi ph bo dng sa cha
v.v..
i vi cu trc thit k phng n b tr cho c cu nng c chn c s
nh hnh 2.1. Vi phng n ny c cu c kch thc tng i gn nh cho php
ch to tng cm c cu ring bit nn thun tin cho vic lp t v n gin trong
vic ch to.
4
3
2
1. ng c in.
2. Khp ni vng n hi.
3. Phanh.
4. Hp gim tc.
5. Khp ni.
6. Tang.
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
20
Cc thng s ban u:
- Ti trng nng:
Q = 1T = 10000N.
H = 5 m.
- Tc nng vt:
Vn =10 m/ph.
Q0
k
m.a p
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
21
Trong :
a = 2 bi sut palng.
m = 1 s nhnh cp cun ln tang.
k = 1,5 h s ti trng ng.
Q0 = Q + Qm = 10000 + 250 = 10250 N
Vi:
(1 a ).t
1 0,98 2 .0,98
= 0,98
=
a (1 )
2(1 0,98)
t S rng rc i hng, t = 0
= 0,98 hiu sut ca rng rc t
10250
.1,5 = 7844 N
1.2.0,98
Trong :
S - lc ko t cp.
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
22
Dt d c (e 1) = 8,1(25 1) = 194,4 mm
Trong :
Dt - ng knh tang n y rnh cp, mm.
d c = 8,1 mm - ng knh dy cp qun ln tang.
L0
L1
L2
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
Z=
23
l
10
+ Z0 =
+ 2 = 13,93 14 vng.
( Dt + dc )
(0,195 + 0,081)
Chiu di L1, nu dng phng php cp thng thng th phi ct thm khong
3 vng rnh trn tang na, do :
L1 = 3.10 = 30 mm
V tang c ct rnh, cp cun mt lp, tuy nhin hai u tang trc khi vo
phn ct rnh ta tr li mt khong L2 = 20 mm lm thnh bn.
L = L0 + L1 + 2L2 = 147 + 30 + 20.2 = 217 mm
thun li cho vic ch tao, chn chiu di tang: L = 220 mm.
B dy thnh tang xc nh theo kinh nghim.
= 0,02Dt + (6 10) = 0,02.195 + 6,1 = 10 mm
n =
k ..S max
[ n ]
.t
1,4
1,8
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
24
n =
1.0,8.7844
= 59,76 N/mm2
10.10,5
bn
565
2
= 113 N/mm
5
n < [ n ]
Vy
Q.v n
60.1000.
Vy
N=
10000.10
= 2,06 KW
60.1000.0,807
Cng
Vn
sut
tc
(kw)
(v/ph)
cos
Mk
M dm
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M max
M dm
M men v
Trng
lng ca r to
lng
GD2 (kgm2)
(kg)
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
K 41-4
25
1,7
1420
0,84
1,8
2,0
0,048
3,9
nc
nt
Vi :
Vn .a
.D0
10.2
= 32 v/ph
.0,2006
i0 =
Vy
1420
= 45
32
0,75Q
0,2Q
0,2t
0,5t
t
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0,2t
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
26
Q0 (1 )
10250(1 0,98)
=
= 5176 N
a
t
m(1 ).
1(1 0,98 2 )
- Hiu sut ca c cu khng tnh hiu sut palng khi lm vic vi vt nng
trng lng bng trng ti.
' = t . 0 = 0,96.0,85 = 0,816
- M men trn trc ng c khi nng vt, theo cng thc (2-79) [tr.48].
Mn =
S n .D0 .m 5176.0,2006.1
=
= 14,2 Nm
2.45.0,816
2.i0 . '
- Lc cng dy cp trn tang khi h vt, theo cng thc (2-2) [tr.25]
Sh =
- M men trn trc ng c khi h vt, theo cng thc (2-80) [tr.48].
Mh =
- Thi gian m my khi nng vt, theo cng thc (3-3) - [tr.52].
t mn =
(Gi Di2 ) l n1
375( M m M n )
Q0 .D02 .n1
375( M m M n ).a 2 .i02 .
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
27
(G D
i
2
i I
(G D
2
i I
Mm mmen m my ca ng c, i vi ng c chn l ng c in
xoay chiu kiu dy cun, xc nh theo cng thc (2-75) [tr47].
Mm =
N c
1,7
= 9550
= 11,4 Nm
nc
1420
Mm = 1,5.11,4 = 17,1 Nm
Vy khi Q1 = Q
t mn =
1,1.0,686.1420
10250.0,2006 2.1420
+
= 1,06s
375(17,1 14,2) 375(17,1 14,2).2 2.45 2.0,807
vn
10
=
= 0,157 m / s 2
n
60t m 60.1,06
Q0 .D02 .n1
t =
+
375( M m + M h ) 375( M m + M h ).a 2 .i02 .
h
m
1,1.0,686.1420
10250.0,2006 2.1420
t =
+
= 0,117 s
375(17,1 + 9,3) 375(17,1 + 9,3).2 2.45 2.0,807
h
m
60.H 60.5
=
= 30s
10
vn
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
28
Mmen trung bnh bnh phng trn trc ng c, theo cng thc (2-37) [tr.44].
M tb =
Trong :
M m2 . (tm ) + ( M t2 ).tv
khc nhau, s.
Mt mmen cn tnh tng ng vi cc ti trng nht nh trong thi gian
chuyn ng n nh vi ti trng , Nm.
tv thi gian chuyn ng vi vn tc n nh khi lm vic vi tng ti trng, s.
Thng s cn tnh
Q1 = Q
Q2 = 0,75Q
Q3 =0,2Q
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
29
Q0, N
10250
7750
2050
Sn, N
5176
3882
1035
0,807
0,605
0,75
Mn, Nm
14,14
10,6
3,2
Sh, N
5072
3804
1014
9,3
7,02
2,03
Mh, Nm
n
m
t ,
1,06
0,50
0,214
t mh ,
0,117
0,13
0,152
Mtb =
= 11,26 Nm
Cng sut trung bnh bnh phng ca ng c c pht ra theo cng thc (276) [.47].
N tb =
M tb .nc 11,26.1420
=
= 1,67 kW
9550
9550
k .Q0 .D0 .
2.a.i0
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
30
i0 = 45 t s truyn chung.
a = 2 bi sut palng.
Vy:
M ph =
1,5.10250.0,2006.0,807
= 14 Nm
2.2.45
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
31
M ph
z.Rtb . f
Rt + R n
= (0,21 +0,14) = 0,175 m
2
14
= 222 N
3.0,175.0,12
P
[ p]
( R + Rt2 )1000
2
n
p lc cho php ca mt s loi vt liu trong phanh p trc tra theo bng(2-4).
Bng (2-4). p sut cho php [p] i vi phanh p trc, N/mm2.
Vt liu ma st
Khng bi trn
Bi trn m
Trong b du
0,2
0,4
0,8
0,3
0,6
0,8
0,6
1,0
1,2
Vy:
p=
222
= 1,12 N/mm2
2
(0,21 + 0,14 ).1000
2
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
32
i = 2 s a ma st.
Vy:
h = 0,5.2 = 1 mm
P 222
=
= 222 N/mm
1
h
nc
nt
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
33
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
34
II
III
Thng s
I
I12 = 7,5
I23 = 6
n, v/ph
1420
190
32
N, kW
1,7
1,632
1,567
Mx, (N.m)
11,4
82,08
472,78
Vi:
n1 = nc =1420 v/ph ; n2 =
N1 =Nc =1,7 kW ;
n
n1
; n3 = 2
i23
i12
N2 = N1; N3 = N2
F1
F1
N
F2
F2
N
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
35
10000
Q
=
= 40000 N
f1 + f 2 0,15 + 0,1
tg = f 1 + f 2 1 + cos
r
tg f1 + f 2 1 + cos
r
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
36
Mu
0,1.[ ]
l
2
P 38720
=
= 19360 N
2
2
[ ] =
' 1
[n].k
'
250
= 66,67 N/mm2
1,5.2,5
387200
= 38,72 mm
0,1.66,67
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
37
100000
= 24,66 mm
0,1.66,67
lo
S max
7844
= 0,14.4 = 1352 N
f
e
e
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
38
Lc ko cc vt cy
p=
S0
1352
=
= 4828 N
2 f 2.0,14
Lc un cc vt cy
P0 = P. f = 4828.0,14 = 676 N
ng sut tng xut hin trong thn vt cy, theo cng thc (2-17) (tr.23)
P0 l 0
1,3P
+
2
.d
0,1.Z .d13
Z. 1
4
Vy:
1,3.4828
676.8
+
= 41,64 + 35,2 = 76,84 N / mm 2
2
3
0,1.3.8
.8
3.
4
RA =4047
RA
RA = 3797 RA
30
152
35
A
78,5
B
D
R = 7844
217
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
39
R = Smax = 7844 N
T s tnh trc tang trn hnh (2-9) ta xc nh c ti trng tc dng ln
may bn tri (im D).
RD = 7844
78,5
= 4047 N
152
Phn lc ti B l:
RB = R RA = 7844 3919 = 3925 N
Mmen un ti D
MD = 3919.35 = 137165 Nmm
Mmen un ti C
MC = 3925.30 = 117750 Nmm
Trc tang khng truyn mmen xon, ch chu un. ng thi trc quay cng
vi tang khi lm vic, nn n s chu ng sut un theo chu k i xng.
Vt liu trc tang dng thp 45 vi gii hn bn b= 610 N / mm 2 , gii hn
chy ch = 430 N / mm 2 v gii hn mi ' 1 = 250 N / mm 2 . Khi ng sut un cho
php vi chu k i xng trong php tnh s b c th xc nh theo cng thc (1-12)
(tr.12).
[ ] =
' 1
[n].k
'
250
= 78 N/mm2
1,6.2
MD
137165
=3
= 26 mm
0,1.[ ]
0,1.78
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
40
Kt cu trc cng cc kch thc cho trn hnh 2-12. Trc cn c kim tra ti
cc tit din c kh nng chu ng sut ln nht: cc tit din cn kim tra l I-I, II- II,
III-III v IV-IV.
- Ta kim tra tit din I-I, c ng knh d = 30 mm
ng sut un ln nht: u =
MD
176610
=
= 65,61 N/mm
3
0,1.d
0,1.30 3
III
IV
II
30
28
30
28
III
IV
II
152
35
30
2
2
Z0 =
3045024 = 609005
10
10
Z2 =
5
5
Z0 =
3045024 = 1522512
10
10
Z3 =
3
3
Z0 =
3045024 = 913057
10
10
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
41
10 7 8 10 7
=
= 1,4
Z t
761258
u + 1 . m
.
b
325
2
325
65,61 +
.0
0,88.0,9
610
= 1,96
H s an ton cho php ca trc trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng l: [n] =
1,5 2,6. Vy trc tang m bo an ton
i vi cc tit din II-II, III-III v IV-IV ta cng lm php kim tra tng t.
d. Khp ni trc ng c vi hp gim tc
Ta s dng khp ni vng n hi, l loi khp ni di ng c th lp v lm
vic khi hai trc khng ng trc tuyt i; ngoi ra loi khp ny cn gim c
chn ng v va p khi m my v khi phanh t ngt. Pha na khp bn hp gim
tc kt hp lm bnh phanh.
Khi mmen ln nht m khp phi truyn c th xut hin trong hai trng
hp: khi m my nng vt v khi phanh hm vt ang nng.
- Khi m my nng vt, vi h s qu ti ln nht quy nh, s xut hin
mmen m my ln nht bng
Mm max = 2,5.Mdn = 2,5.11,4 = 28,5 Nm
Phn d thng qun tnh ca c h thng.
Md = Mm max Mn = 28,5 14,2 = 14,3 Nm
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
42
(G D )
2 '
i k
= 0,4.0,216 = 0,0864 Nm 2
(G D ) =(G D )
i
2 '
i I
2
i roto
+ Gi Di2
'
k
(G D )
i
2
i td
v n2
10 2
= 0,1.Q0 2 = 0,1.10250
= 0,051Nm 2
2
nc
1420
(G D ) = (G D ) + (G D )
i
2
i
2
i I
2
i td
(G D ) = (G D ) (G D )
i
2 '
i
2
i
2 '
i I
M = Md
2 '
i
2
i
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
43
Ta c th tnh c phn mmen truyn qua khp thng qun tnh cc tit
my quay trn pha ng c bng cch tng t nh trn. Mt khc cng c th tnh
xut pht t thi gian phanh, theo cng thc (3-6) (tr.52).
t
n
ph
(Gi Di ) I n1
375( M ph
Q0 .D02 .n1
+
+ M t* ) 375( M ph + M t* ).a 2 .i02
M =M
'
qt
(G D ) .n
=
i
2 '
i I
n
ph
375.t
0,5664.1420
= 16,663 Nm
375.0,1287
Nh vy, khi phanh vt ang nng khp phi truyn mmen ln hn, do cn
phi kim tra kh nng truyn ti ca khp theo mmen truyn yu cu l M =16,663
Nm. Kim tra iu kin an ton ca khp ni:
M.k1.k2 = 16,665.1,3.1,1 = 23,824 Nm < Mmax = 46,62 Nm
Trong : k1, k2 l h s tnh n mc quan trng ca c cu v iu kin
lm vic ca c cu, gi tr c tra theo bng (2-7).
Mmax = Rn.P = 46,26 Nm (da vo phn tnh chn phanh).
Vy khp ni chn lm vic an ton.
Bng (2-7). H s k1 v k2.
k2 i vi ch lm vic
Loi c cu
k1
C cu nng vt
1,3
C cu nng chuyn
1,5
Nh
TB
RN
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,5
1,4
tm vi
C cu di chuyn
1,2
v c c vu quay
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
44
2
3
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
45
40
130
G0 4000
=
= 1000 N
4
4
Q 10000
=
= 2500 N
4
4
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
46
Vy:
1
1
1+
2
1 + Q
G0
=
3
1
1
= 0,72
1+
2 10000 3
1 +
4000
Pbx
[ d ]
b.r
Vy:
2772
2
= 226 N/mm
30.65
kbx
1,0
My trc dn ng bng my
Ch lm vic nh
1,1
Ch trung bnh
1,2
Ch nng
1,4
Ch rt nng
1,6
2.2.2.2. Chn ng c in
Phng php tnh lc cn chuyn ng cho kiu xe ln c 4 bnh xe, lp bng
ln trn khung cng chy trn hai cnh di ca dm ch I.
Tng lc cn tnh, tnh theo cng thc (3-43) [tr.66].
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
47
Wt = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 + W5 + W6
Trong : W1 lc cn do ma st, tnh theo cng thc:
W1 = k t (G0 + Q)
2 + fd
D
Vy:
trt
h
0,10
ln
C hp trc
bi v
bi du
thanh ln
0,08
0,015
W1 = 1,2(4000 + 10000)
nn
0,02
2.0,3 + 0,015.40
= 155 N
130
r
h
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h
= 0,4 0,7
r
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
48
Vy:
B+r
W5 = (4000 + 10000).0,17
1
= 9N
200 + 67,5
r1 r2
2(r1 + r2 )
75 60
= 132 N
2(75 + 60)
r
h
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
49
526.20
Wt vx
=
= 0,21 kW
60.1000.c 60.1000.0,85
165
49
250.8
65
165
150
131
15 7
4-12
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
50
20
Vx
=
= 50 v/ph
Dbx 0,130
T s truyn cn c i vi b truyn h .
inh =
nhs 150
=
=3
50
nbx
II
3
n (v/ph)
150
50
N (kW)
0,3
0,288
28650
82512
M (N.mm)
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
51
[ tx ] = 2,5.HB.K N
Trong : KN h s chu k ng sut tip xc.
KN =
N0
N td
[ tx1 ]
[ u ] = (1,4 1,6). 1 .K N
'
n.K
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
52
1 = (0,45 0,5) b
n = 1,1 h s an ton.
K = 1,8 h s tp trung ng sut chn rng.
K N' = m
N0
- h s chu k ng sut un.
N td
Vy:
'
N2
5.10 6
= 0,65
6,34.10 7
5.10 6
=
= 0,73
3,17.10 7
6
[ u1 ] = 1,5.0,45.620.0,65 = 137
N/mm2
[ u 2 ] = 1,5.0,45.580.0,73 = 144
N/mm2
1,1.1,8
1,1.1,8
Bnh ln:
N/mm2
Bnh ln:
N/mm2
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
53
19,1.10 6.K .N
y.z.n. m [ u ]
Vy:
19,1.10 6.1,5.0,3
= 1,48
0,429.25.150.12.137
.n1 .d1
6.10
2 . A.n1
2 .50.150
=
= 0,2 m/s
4
6.10 (i + 1) 6.10 4 (3 + 1)
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
54
K tt =
i +1
3 +1
= 0. 2.
= 0,4
2
2
1+1
=1
2
K = 1.1,1 = 1,1
Ta xc nh li gi tr,
m = msb 3
K
1,1
= 100.3
= 97 mm
K sb
1,2
K
1,1
= 2.3
= 1,94
K sb
1,2
H = tx . K qt [ H ]max
Vi : K = 1,5 h s qu ti.
N cng sut ca ng c trn trc tng ng.
y = 0,429 h s bin dng rng, xc nh da vo s rng.
z s rng tng ng trn mi bnh.
n s vng quay trn mi trc.
b = A . A = 0,2.97 = 19,4 mm, chiu rng bnh rng.
m =2 m un n khp.
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
55
u1
Vy:
19,1.10 6.1,5.0,3
=
= 68,84 N/mm2
2
0,429.2 .25.19,4.150
u2 =
19,1.10 6.1,5.0,288
= 56,59 N/mm2
2
0,501.2 .75.19,4.50
(i + 1)3 K .N
b.n 2
1,05.10 6
=
97.3
(3 + 1)3 .1,5.0,288
19,4.50
= 609 N/mm
A = 97mm
- h hng tm
- ng knh vng ln
Di1 = dc1 - 2m - 2C = 45 mm
Di2 = dc2 - 2m - 2C = 145 mm
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
56
i. Tnh lc
Lc tc dng trong trong b truyn bnh rng c xc nh theo hai thnh
phn:
2.M x 2.28650
=
= 1432 N
d
40
- Lc vng
P 1 = P1 =
- Lc hng tm
3
1
2
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
57
Gc
Gx + Q
RB
B
l = 400
4000
L = 8000
Hnh 2.17. S ti trng tc dng.
Pmax = P1 = P2 =
=
1
(G x + Q ) L l + 1 Gc =
2
4
L
1
(4000 + 10000) 8 0,4 + 1 20000 = 11650 N
2
8
4
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
58
Pmin (1;2) =
1
2
= 4000.
1
Ll 1
Gx
+ Gc =
2
4
L
8 0,4 1
+ 20000 = 6900 N
8
4
1
1
=
1+
2
1 + Q
G0
1
1
= 0,82
=
1+
3
3
2
10000
1 +
4000 + 20000
Vy:
d = 190
Pbx
[ d ]
b.r
d = 190
10508
2
= 199 N/mm
60.160
2 + f .d
Dbx
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
59
Vy:
2.0,5 + 0,02.60
= 234 N
320
Wt .Vc
783.35
=
= 0,537 kW
60.1000. c 60.1000.0,85
Nc = 0,6 kW
M max
= 1,9
M dn
(G D )
- Khi lng
27 kg
2
i roto
= 0,2 Nm2
Vbx
35
=
= 35
Dbx .0,32
nc 930
=
= 26,5
nbx
35
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
60
g
G0
Gd
d
+ Gd f
Wt 0
Dbx
1,2
Vy:
j 0 max =
2 + f .d
2.0,5 + 0,02.60
= 160 N
= 24000
320
Dbx
9,81 6900.0,2
0,05
+ 6900.0,02
160 = 0,41 m/s2
0,3
24000 1,2
Gi Di2 I n1
Wt 0 Dbx
G0 Dbx2 n1
+
+
2ic c 375ic2 t m0 c
375t m0
vc
35
=
= 1,4 s
60 j 0 max 60.0,41
(G D
2
i I
(G D
i
2
i I
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
Vy:
61
160.0,32
24000.0,32 2.930 0,363.930
M =
+
+
= 26,43 Nm
2.26,5.0,85 375.26,5 21,4.0,85
375.1,4
0
m
N c
0,6
= 9550.
= 6,16 Nm
930
n c
2
Wt 0 Dbx G0 Dbx2 n1 c Gi Di I n1
+
+
2ic c
375ic2 t 0ph
375t 0ph
vc
35
=
= 1,42 s
0
60 j ph 60.0,41
s bm .
Vy:
M ph
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
62
II
III
Thng s
I
I12 = 2,65
I23 = 2
n, v/ph
930
351
175,5
N, kW
0,6
0,576
0,553
6161
15673
30092
Mx, (N.mm)
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
63
n2 =
n1
;
i12
n3 =
N2 = N1;
N1 = Nc =0,6kW;
n2
i 23
N3 = N2
n tr
nc
Hnh 2.19. S hp gim tc.
II
5
n (v/ph)
175,5
35
N (kW)
0,553
0,531
Mx (N.mm)
30092
144441
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
64
xut v kh nng cng ngh cho php. Cn c vo nhng yu cu trn ta chn loi vt
liu cho cp bnh rng thit k nh sau:
- i vi bnh rng nh, chn thp C50 thng ha c cng HB = 220, b =
620 N/mm2, ch = 320 N/mm2, ng knh phi 100 200mm.
- i vi bnh rng ln, chn thp C45 thng ha, c cng HB = 190, b =
580 N/mm2, ch = 320 N/mm2, ng knh phi 200 400 mm.
Cc bc tip theo lm tng t nh trnh by phn 2.2.2.4 ta xc
nh c cc i lng chnh sau:
b. ng sut cho php
- ng sut tip xc cho php:
[ tx1 ]
[ u1 ] = 1,5.0,45.620.0,65 = 137
N/mm2
[ u 2 ] = 1,5.0,45.580.0,73 = 144
N/mm2
1,1.1,8
1,1.1,8
Bnh ln:
N/mm2
Bnh ln:
N/mm2
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
65
19 ,1 . 10 6 . K . N
y . z .n . m [ u ]
msb 3
19,1.10 6.1,5.0,553
= 1,56
0,451.30.186.12.137
K
1,47
= 180.3
= 192 mm
K sb
1,2
M un n khp xc nh li c gi tr bng:
m = msb 3
K
1,47
= 2.3
= 2,14
K sb
1,2
H = tx . K qt [ H ]max
Kt qu tnh c l:
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
66
A = 192mm
- h hng tm
- ng knh vng ln
- Lc vng
P 1 = P1 =
- Lc hng tm
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
67
P
2
max
[ ]d
max 146
=
= 0,45 , theo bng (2- )ta chn
min 320
m = 0,536.
d = 3600.0,536.3
Vy:
7480
2
= 807 N/mm
2
320
60
320
h1
20
r1
r2
h2
b1
60
100
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
68
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,28
0,97
0,80
0,716
0,6
0,536
0,49
0,468
0,44
0,42
0,40
0,38
h1
h2
b1
b2
r1
r2
r4
ray
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
P15
120
24
50
76
36
52
45
146
Mx
0,2.[ x ]
[ x ] Vy:
30092
= 24,68 mm
0,2.20
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
69
CHNG III
TNH KT CU THP CA CU TRC
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
70
Gc = 20000 N
- Khu dm cu
L=8m
Gt = 1500 N
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
71
q = k1
Gt + G d
1500 + 1100
= 1,0
= 325 N/m
8
L
Gx
10000
4000
= 1,1
+
= 3750 N
4
4
4
Q G x 10000 4000
+
=
+
= 3500 N
4
4
4
4
1 ' 1
P = 3500 = 500 N
7
7
R
d
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
72
ca n.
Vi ti trng nh tnh trn, theo tiu chun TOCT 8239-56, s b ta chn
loi thp c k hiu l N070 vi thng s c gi trn bng 3-1.
Bng (3-1). Cc thng s ca thp N070.
S
hiu
thp
hnh
N070
Trng
lng
Cc tr s i vi trc
Din
R
tch
x-x
y-y
1m
mt
Jx
Wx
Ix
Sx
Iy
Wy
Jy
di
ct
cm4
cm3
cm
cm3
cm4
cm4
cm4
(N)
175370
5010
27,4
2940
3910
373
4,09
1840
cm
700
210
17,5
28,5
24
10
234
P L3
[f ]
48EJ x
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
73
14000.8000 3
f =
= 0,4 mm < [f] = 11,43 mm
48.2,1.10 5.175370.10 4
Vy:
Vy dm m bo an ton.
b. Kim tra bn
Khi kim tra dm ch I chu ti theo bn ta cn tnh n kh nng lm vic
ca g di. y, ngoi ng sut chung ca ton kt cu, di p lc ca bnh xe
P, xut hin ng sut cc b, g di chu un dc theo dm on aa v un theo
hng ngang trn chiu rng g b. V tr kim tra l v tr khi xe con mang vt vi ti
trng Q chnh gia dm chnh.
Ty theo v tr ca lc P trn g, ng sut un ln nht c th xut hin hoc
th trn ti im bt u ca bn knh ni g vi thnh ng hoc th di bin
t do ca g.
ng sut un cc b ca g c xc nh theo cc cng thc sau:
- tit din st thnh ng do un trong mt phng xz
x =
k1 .P
2,0.7000
=
= 17,6 N/mm2
2
2
28,2
t
k 2 .P
0,6.7000
=
= 5,3 N/mm2
2
2
28,2
t
k 3 .P
0,5.7000
2
=
= 5,4 N/mm
2
2
25,5
t tb
c 65
=
= 0,62
b 105
P 14000
=
= 7000 N ti trng tp trung.
2
2
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
74
Trong cc cng thc tnh trn, du (+) dng cho cc th kim loi trn,
du (-) dng cho th di.
ng sut un ton ton phn mt phng yz c tnh theo cng thc:
u =
M
Wx
Vy:
664.10 6
= 132 N/mm2
3
5010.10
- bin t do ca g:
= u + yb = 132 + 5,4 = 137,4 N/mm2 < [ ]2
2,9
k1
2,5
2,1
k3
ttb t
1,7
1,3
d
p
P
z
0,9
x
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0,5
k2
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
c/b
0,9
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
75
do nh hng ca un cc b.
3.2. TNH DM CUI
Kt cu dm cui gm hai thanh thp ch I t song song c lin kt vi nhau
bi cc lin kt thp bng phng php hn v gi trn hai trc ca bnh xe di
chuyn. Do kt cu dm cui hai bn l ging nhau nn khi tnh ta ch cn tnh cho
mt bn l .
3.2.1. Chn vt liu cho dm cui:
Vt liu cho dm cui chn tng t nh chn cho dm chnh (phn 3.1.1).
3.2.2. Xc nh cc ti trng tc dng ln dm cui
Ti trng tc dng ln dm cui cng bao gm cc ti trng khng di ng, ti
trng di ng v lc qun tnh khi phanh cc c cu, cc ti trng ny c tnh
tng t nh trn.
3.2.3. Chn kt cu dm cui v kim tra bn
Phn chu ti ca cu trc mt dm l thp hnh kiu ch I, dm c chn theo
iu kin m bo cng vng khi chu t trng tp chung chnh gia tm.
Vi ti trng nh tnh trn, theo tiu chun TOCT 8239-56 s b ta chn
loi thp c k hiu l N020 vi thng s c gi trn bng .
Bng (3-2). Cc thng s ca thp N020.
S
hiu
thp
hnh
N020
Trng
lng
tch
1m
mt
di
ct
(N)
cm2
207
200
100
5,2
8,2
Cc tr s i vi trc
Din
9,5
4,0
26,4
x-x
Jx
Wx
4
y-y
Ix
Sx
cm
cm
cm
cm
1810
181
8,27
102
Iy
Wy
4
Jy
cm
cm
cm4
112
22,4
2,06
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
76
B
400
4000
L = 8000
Phn lc ti cc gi tng ng l:
- Phn lc do lc tp chung gy ra ti hai gi:
R1 = R2 =
PI 25550
=
= 12775 N
2
2
Pqt
2
R1
3900
= 1950 N
2
PI + Pqt
R1
R2
I
A
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R1
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
77
M u1 = R1 .
Vy:
1 =
A
1200
= 12775
= 7665.10 3 N.mm
2
2
M u1 7665.10 3
=
= 42,34 N/mm2 < [ ]1
3
Wx
181.10
Vy:
2 =
A
1200
= (12775 + 1950)
= 8835.10 3 N.mm
2
2
M u2 8835.10 3
=
= 48,81 N/mm2 < [ ]2
Wx
181.10 3
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
78
CHNG IV
TNH CC THIT B PH V S B
TNH GI THNH
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
79
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
80
dung lng cha cp. Khi cu trc di chuyn tnh tin v pha trc, b phn cha
cp 1 s t ng nh cp khi quay cng chiu ci bnh xe c cu di chuyn. Khi cu
trc di chuyn v pha ngc li gn v tr t in, b phn cha cp 1 s t cun cp
khi quay cng chiu vi bnh xe ca c cu di chuyn.
Tin
li
1
2
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
81
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
82
n, cung cp in cho ng c v phanh lm vic theo chiu di chuyn sang phi. Khi
nh nt P ra s ngng cung cp in cho ng c v kt thc qu trnh di chuyn ca
c cu.
Khi iu khin c cu sang tri, ta nhn nt T ca KT cung cp in cho cng
tc t 1K n s ng cc tip im thng m v m cc tip im thng ng ca
n, cung cp in cho ng c v phanh lm vic theo chiu di chuyn sang tri. Khi
nh nt P ra s ngng cung cp in cho ng c v kt thc qu trnh di chuyn ca
c cu.
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RN1
K1
RN2
CC
CD
K2
MBA
CTC
K1
K2
CK
KT
2K
1K
RN2
RN1
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
83
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
RN1
K1
RN2
CC
CD
CK
KT
CTC
K1
K2
2K
1K
RN2
RN1
K2
MBA
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
84
Thit k cu trc 1 tn
85
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
86
tn hiu cho ngi s dng bit iu chnh ti trng nng cho ng yu cu.
4.2.3. Thit b gii hn hnh trnh di chuyn v gim chn
a. Thit b gii hn hnh trnh di chuyn
hn ch hnh trnh di chuyn ca xe con hoc cu trc ta cng dng b hn
ch hnh trnh c trc xoay tng t nh c cu nng mc. B cng tc ca hnh
trnh c lp u mt ca ca khung gi di chuyn, cn thanh gt 2 t cui
ng ray gn chn gii hn. Khi c cu di chuyn vt qu v tr gii hn cho
php, tay xoay 2 s chm vo tay gt 1 s lm trc 3 quay v ngt mch in iu
khin c cu di chuyn, xe con hoc cu trc s dng chuyn ng.
3
Hnh 4.6. Thit b gii hn hnh trnh.
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
87
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
88
n gi
Thnh tin
(ng)
(triu ng)
Ci
70.106
70
2.106
- Bnh xe..
Ci
200 000
0,8
- ng c in.
Chic
3.106
- Bnh xe.
Ci
200 000
0,8
- Hp gim tc.
Chic
1.106
- ng c in.
Chic
5.106
2.106
STT
1
Tn chi tit
Khi
lng lng
Palng in
C cu di chuyn xe con:
C cu di chuyn cu:
3
Thp ch I:
- N070.
1472
kg
40 000
58,88
- N020.
132
kg
40 000
5,28
Ray P15.
40
600 000
24
150
kg
40 000
Bu lng.
50
Ci
200 000
0,2
Cc thit b ph
6.106
Tng cng
184,96
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
89
CHNG V
KT LUN V XUT KIN
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
90
KT LUN
Sau khi tm hiu v hon thnh ti c giao, ta c th a ra mt s kt lun
sau:
- Cc thng s tnh chn l hon ton chnh xc, m bo bn theo iu kin
cho php trong qu trnh lm vic.
- Cu trc lun m bo kh nng vn chuyn tn tm trong cc phn xng.
- Hnh dng, kch thc ca cc kt cu ph hp loi vt mang v khng gian
nh xng.
- Cc h thng iu khin cho cc c cu cng tc v cc thit b an ton cin ca cu trc lm vic tin cy, m bo an ton cho cu trc trong qu trnh lm
vic.
- Gi thnh chp nhn c.
XUT KIN
Qua thi gian thc hin ti ti c a ra mt s kin nh sau:
Cu trc thit k ch yu da trn c s ly thuyt, cc chi tit kt cu c tnh
chn theo iu kin bn. Do s gy tn km nguyn vt liu dn ti gi thnh s
tng. khc phc nhc im trn, trong tng lai cn c s kt hp gia cc thy
trong b mn v khoa cng ton th sinh vin trong khoa tp trung nghin cu tm ra
phng php thit k mi tch cc hn.
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Thit k cu trc 1 tn
91
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