H THNG CNG THC VT L 10

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1
H THNG CNG THC VT L LP 10
Chng I: NG HC CHT IM


CHUYN NG C HC
1. Chuyn ng c hc:
- Chuyn ng c hc l s thay i v tr
ca mt vt so vi vt lm mc theo thi
gian.
- khi chuyn ng, cht im vch mt
ng trong khng gian ng gi l
qu o chuyn ng.
- Mi chuyn ng v mi trng thi ng
yn ch c tnh tng i.
2. cht im:
L vt c kch thc rt nh so vi chiu
di qu o ca vt, th vt c coi l
cht im. Khi xc nh v tr ca
vt trn qu o ta c th coi vt nh l
mt cht im nm trng tm ca n.
3. cch xc nh v tr ca mt cht
im:
C nhiu cch xc nh v tr ca mt
cht im, ty theo dng qu o chuyn
ng ca cht im m ta c th chn mt
trong cc cch sau y cho ph hp.
nguyn tc chung l chn mt vt lm
mc v gn trn vt lm mc mt h
ta .
a/ cht im chuyn ng trn mt
ng thng:

M
x OM =
x

M

O

x


- chn trc xx trng vi ng thng qu
o, gc ta O l ty ( n gin
chn chiu dng l chiu chuyn ng).
- khi cht im v tr M, v tr ca cht
im xc nh bi ta
M
x OM =
b/ cht im chuyn ng trn mt
ng cong:

cch 1:


s
O
M
( + )

- chn trc trng vi ng cong qu o.
trn chn im gc ta O, v chiu
dng l ty ( n gin chn chiu
dng l chiu chuyn ng).
- khi cht im M, v tr ca cht im
xc nh bi di s ca on OM.
Cch 2:

x
M
x
M
y
M
y

- Trong mt phng qu o, chn h trc
ta cc xOy vung gc
- khi cht im v tr M, v tr ca cht
im c xc nh bi cc ta x
M
;
y
M
.
4. cch xc nh thi gian trong chuyn
ng :
- o, m thi gian trong chuyn ng.
ngi ta phi chn mc thi gian v dng
ng h.
- Mc thi gian l thi im bt u tnh
thi gian. Mc thi gian c th chn ty
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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2
. Nhng n gin ngi ta chn mc
thi gian l lc vt bt u chuyn ng.
5. H quy chiu: gm
- mt vt lm mc, mt h trc ta gn
vi vt lm mc.
- mt mc thi gian v mt ng h.
* kho st chuyn ng ca mt cht

im nht thit phi chn mt h quy
chiu.

CHUYN NG THNG U
1. chuyn ng thng u:
Chuyn ng thng u l chuyn ng
c qu o l ng thng v c tc
trung bnh nh nhau trn mi qung
ng.
2. tc trung bnh:
Tc trung bnh trong chuyn ng
thng u c o bng thng s gia
qung ng i ( s) v khong thi gian
( t ) i ht qung ng .
( )
tb
s m
v
t s
=
3. qung ng i c trong chuyn
ng thng u:
- cng thc tnh qung ng
| | . s v t =
- qung ng i c trong chuyn ng
thng u t l thun vi thi gian chuyn
ng.
- quy c:
+ Nu vt chuyn ng theo chiu ( + )
th: v > 0.
+ Nu vt chuyn ng theo chiu ( - )
th: v < 0.
4. Phng trnh ta ca vt chuyn
ng thng u:
Phng trnh ta l phng trnh biu
din mi quan h gia ta v thi gian.
N cho php xc nh ta nu bit thi
gian.

O
s

x

x
t x
0
x


Chn trc ta Ox trng vi ng
thng qu o, im O l gc ta v
chiu dng l chiu chuyn ng ca
vt.
* Nu chn gc thi gian l lc vt bt
u chuyn ng th phng trnh chuyn
ng ca vt l:
0
. x x v t = +
Trong : x
0
; v; t tng ng l ta
ban u, tc trung bnh v thi gian
chuyn ng ca vt.
* Nu chn gc thi gian ty th phng
trnh chuyn ng ca vt vit di dng
tng qut l:
0 0
.( ) x x v t t = +
Trong t
0
l thi im vt bt u
chuyn ng so vi mc thi gian.
* Nu chn gc thi gian l lc vt bt
u chuyn ng, gc ta trng vi v
tr ban u ca vt, ngha l x
0
= 0, th
phng trnh chuyn ng ca vt l.
. x v t =
* cng thc tnh qung ng theo ta
ca vt:
0
s x x =
5. th ta - thi gian ca chuyn
ng thng u:
L th ca phng trnh: | |
0
. x x v t = +
- th ta thi gian l mt ng
thng.
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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3

O
t
x
t
t
x
0
x


6. mt s n v vn tc ngoi h SI:
n v cm/s: 1 cm/s = 10
-2
m/s.
n v km/h: 1km/h =
1
3, 6
m/s.
o tc ta dng tc k.

7. ch :
- Nu vt chuyn ng cng vi chiu
dng ca trc ta th: v > 0.
- Nu vt chuyn ng ngc vi chiu
dng ca trc ta th: v < 0.
- Nu vt bt u chuyn ng t gc
ta th: x
0
= 0.

CHUYN NG THNG BIN I
U
1. Vn tc tc thi:
Vn tc tc thi ca mt vt chuyn ng
ti mt im M trn qu o, l i lng
o bng thng s gia qung ng i
rt nh ( s A ) i qua M v khong thi
gian rt ngn ( t A ) vt i ht qung
ng .
s
v
t
A
=
A

* Nu vt chuyn ng bin i trn
ng cong th s l di qung ng
tnh theo ng cong.
2. chuyn ng thng bin i u:
L chuyn ng c qu o l ng
thng v c ln ca vn tc tc thi
hoc tng u, hoc gim u theo thi
gian.
- chuyn ng c ln ca vn tc
tc thi tng u, gi l chuyn ng
nhanh dn u.
- chuyn ng c ln ca vn tc
tc thi gim u, gi l chuyn ng
chm dn u.
3. gia tc:
L i lng c trng cho s bin thin
nhanh hay chm ca vn tc, c o
bng thng s gia bin thin vn tc
( v A ) v khong thi gian xy ra bin
thin ( t A ).
0
0
v v v
a
t t t
A
= = =
A
h.s
- trong chuyn ng bin i u gia
tc l mt vc t khng i c v hng
v ln.
- chuyn ng nhanh dn u, gia tc
cng hng vi vc t vn tc: a > 0; v
khng i.
- chuyn ng chm dn u, gia tc
ngc hng vi vc t vn tc: a < 0; v
khng i.
- gia tc l mt i lng vc t.
4. vn tc trong chuyn ng bin i
u:
Chn gc thi gian ( t
0
= 0 ) l lc vt bt
u chuyn ng ( bt u kho st); v
0
l
vn tc ban u, a l gia tc th cng thc
vn tc:
0
. v v a t = +
- chuyn ng nhanh dn u: v; v
0
; a
lun cng du ( a > 0)
- chuyn ng chm dn u: v; v
0
; tri
du vi a ( a < 0)
* th vn tc thi gian:
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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a
2
a
1
a2 = a1
O
t
v
t
t
v
0
v
vt
a
1
a2 = a1
O
t
v
01
t
v02
v

Chuyn ng
nhanh dn u
Chuyn ng
Chm dn u

- trn h trc toa vung gc vOt, th
biu din s bin thin vn tc theo thi
gian t l mt ng thng.
- cc vt chuyn ng vi cng mt gia
tc th th vn tc ca chng l nhng
ng thng song soang vi nhau.
5. cng thc tnh ng i trong
chuyn ng bin i u:
2
0
2
at
s v t = +
- chuyn ng nhanh dn u: a > 0.
- chuyn ng chm dn u: a < 0.
* ng i ca mt vt chuyn ng bin
i u l mt hm bc hai ca thi gian.
6. phng trnh ta ca chuyn
ng bin i u:
2
0 0
2
at
x x v t = + +
Trong : x
0
; v
0
l ta v vn tc ban
u; a l gia tc.
* lu :
+ trong chuyn ng nhanh dn u:
- nu vt chuyn ng cng chiu (+)
Th : v > 0; a> 0.
- nu vt chuyn ng ngc chiu (+)
th: v < 0; a < 0.
+ trong chuyn ng chm dn u
- nu vt chuyn ng cng chiu
dng th: v > 0; a < 0.
- nu vt chuyn ng ngc chiu (+)
th: v < 0; a > 0.
+ Nu chn gc ta l v tr ban u
ca vt; ngha l x
0
= 0 th phng trnh
c dng n gin l:
2
0
2
at
x v t = +
7. cng thc lin h gia vn tc, gia tc
v ng i:
2 2
0
2 v v as =
Nu v
0
= 0 th vn tc cui on ng
s l: 2 v as = .
* Lu : cch phn bit cc dng
chuyn ng:
- chuyn ng nhanh dn u th: a > 0;
hay: a.v > 0.
- chuyn ng chm dn u: a < 0;
hay: a.v < 0.
- chuyn ng thng u th: a = 0.


S RI T DO CA CC VT
1. s ri trong khng kh:
Trong khng kh cc vt ri nhanh hay
chm khc nhau khng phi v nng hay
nh khc nhau m nguyn nhn l do sc
cn ca khng kh.
2. s ri t do: s ri ca cc vt trong
chn khng, ch di tc dng ca trng
lc gi l s ri t do.
3. c im ca s ri t do:
- phng : thng ng.
- chiu : t trn xung.
- chuyn ng ri t do l chuyn ng
thng nhanh dn u.
* gia tc ri t do: cng mt ni trn
tri t v gn mt t th cc vt ri t
do vi cng mt gia tc.
4. cc cng thc ca s ri t do:
Vi vn tc ban u bng khng ( V
0
= 0)
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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5

Mt t H
s
h
(t)

O
(t
0
= 0)

Chn trc ta OH thng ng, gc O
l v tr th vt, chiu dng t trn xung
di ( H.v), gc thi gian l lc th vt:
a/ cng thc tnh vn tc:
. v g t =
Trong : g l gia tc ri t do ( m/s
2
); t
l thi gian ri ( s).
b/ cng thc tnh qung ng ri
c:
2
2
gt
s =
c/ phng trnh ta :
2
2
gt
h =
d/ cng thc lin h:
2
2 2 v gh v gh = = .
e/ cng thc tnh thi gian ri:
2 v h
t
g g
= =
Trong : v l vn tc trc khi chm t;
h l cao t lc th cho n khi chm
t.


CHUYN NG TRN U
1.chuyn ng trn u: l chuyn ng
c qu o l ng trn v c tc
trung bnh nh nhau trn mi cung trn.
2. tc trung bnh: l i lng o
bng thng s gia di cung trn m
vt i c chia cho thi gian chuyn
ng.
3. tc di:


2 v

1 v

M
1
M

Gi s A l di cung trn m vt i c
t im M trong khong thi gian rt gn
t A . Tc di ti im M l:
s
v
t
A
=
A

* vc t vn tc trong chuyn ng trn
u lun lun c phng tip tuyn vi
qu o. n c di khng i nhng c
phng lun lun thay i.
3. tc gc:

s A
M

- tc gc l i lng o bng gc m
bn knh OM qut c trong mt n v
thi gian.
- k hiu l : ( c l m ga)
t

A
=
A
hay 2 . f =
- nu A o bng Radian (Rad); t A o
bng giy ( s) th tc gc c n v l
Radian trn giy ( rad/s).
4. chu k - tn s:
* chu k T ca chuyn ng trn u: l
thi gian vt i c mt vng.
- cng thc lin h gia tc gc v
chu k T l:
2
T

=
- n v ca chu k l giy: (s)
* Tn s f ca chuyn ng trn u: l s
vng m vt i c trong mt giy.
1
2
f
T

= =
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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n v ca tn s l vng trn giy hay l
Hc ( Hz).
5. cng thc lin h gia tc di v
tc gc:
. v r =
6. gia tc ca chuyn ng trn u:
Trong chuyn ng trn u, gia tc lun
nm theo phng bn knh, hng vo
tm ca qu o, v c ln khng i
2
2
.
v
a r
r
= =
Gia tc ny gi l gia tc hng tm.
Gia tc hng tm ch c trng cho s
bin i v phng ca vn tc.


TNH TNG I CA CHUYN
NG CNG THC CNG VN
TC
1. Tnh tng i ca qu o: trong
cc h quy chiu khc nhau th qu o
th qu o cng c hnh dng khc nhau
ta ni qu o c tnh tng i.
2. tnh tng i ca vn tc: vn tc
trong cc h quy chiu khc nhau th khc
nhau ta ni vn tc c tnh tng i.
3. cng thc cng vn tc:
- gi tb v

l vn tc ca thuyn i vi b
- gi tn v

l vn tc ca thuyn i vi
nc.
- gi nb v

l vn tc ca nc so vi b.
* cng thc cng vn tc
tb tn nb v v v = +


V ln :
tn nb tb tn nb
v v v v v s s +
- nu thuyn chy xui dng:
tb tn nb
v v v = +
- nu thuyn chy ngc dng:
tb tn nb
v v v =
- nu thuyn chy vung gc vi b sng:
2 2
tb tn nb
v v v = +


CHNG II: NG LC HC
CHT IM
TNG HP V PHN TCH LC
IU KIN CN BNG CA CHT
IM
1. cc lc cn bng: l cc lc khi tc
dng ng thi vo mt vt th khng gy
ra gia tc cho vt.
* hai lc cn bng l hai lc cng tc
dng ln mt vt, cng gi cng ln
nhng ngc chiu.
* ng thng mang vc t lc gi l gi
ca lc.
2. tng hp lc: l php thay th cc lc
tc dng ng thi vo cng mt vt bng
mt lc c tc dng ging ht nh cc lc
y.
Lc thay th gi l hp lc.
* quy tc hnh bnh hnh:
Nu hai lc ng quy lm thnh hai cnh
ca hnh bnh hnh th ng cho ca
HBH k t im ng quy biu din hp
lc ca chng.


1 2 hl F F F = +


2 F

1 F

O



3. iu kin cn bng ca cht im:
Mun cho mt cht im ng cn bng
th hp lc ca cc lc tc dng ln n
phi bng khng.
1 2 ... 0 hl F F F = + + =


H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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* v ln:
1 2 1 2 hl
F F F F F s s +
- nu 1 F

cng phng cng chiu vi 2 F

th:
1 2 hl
F F F = +
- nu 1 F

cng phng ngc chiu vi 2 F

th:
1 2 hl
F F F =
- nu 1 F

vung gc vi 2 F

th:
2 2
1 2 hl
F F F = +
- nu 1 F

hp vi 2 F

mt gc nh
(H.v) th:

2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
2 os
2 os
hl
hl
F F F FF c
F F F F F c

= + +
= + +

4. Php phn tch lc:
L php thay th mt lc bng hai hay
nhiu lc c tc dng ging ht nh cc
lc y. php phn tch lc l php lm
ngc li vi php tng hp lc v cng
tun theo quy tc hnh bnh hnh.
* mun phn tch mt lc cho theo hai
phng th phi bit lc c tc dng
c th theo hai phng no.


BA NH LUT NIU - TN
I/ nh lut I Niu Tn:
1. nh lut: nu mt vt khng chu tc
dng ca mt lc no hoc chu tc dng
ca cc lc c hp lc bng khng th
mt vt ng yn s tip tc ng yn,
mt vt chuyn ng thng u s tip tc
chuyn ng thng u.
2. qun tnh:
Qun tnh l tnh cht ca mi vt c xu
hng bo ton vn tc ca vt c v
hng v vn tc.
* nh lut I Niu tn gi l nh lut qun
tnh v chuyn ng thng u gi l nh
lut theo qun tnh.
3. h quy chiu qun tnh:
- H quy chiu qun tnh l h quy
chiu trong nh lut I Niu tn c
nghim ng.
- H quy chiu gn vi mt t hoc
chuyn ng thng u so vi mt t l
h quy chiu qun tnh.
II/ NH LUT II NIU TN:
1. nh lut: Gia tc ca mt vt t l
thun vi lc tc dng vo vt, ln ca
gia tc t l thun vi ln ca lc tc
dng vo vt v t l nghch vi khi
lng.
* Biu thc trong trng hp vt chu
tc dng ca mt lc:
F
a
m
=
* trong trng hp vt chu nhiu lc
ng quy tc dng th gia tc ca vt
c xc nh bi hp lc hl F

ca cc lc
;
hl F
a
m
=

2. khi lng v qun tnh:
- khi lng l i lng c trng cho
mc qun tnh ca vt.
- khi lng l mt a lng v hng
dng v khng i.
- khi lng c tnh cng c.
- Nu c nhiu vt c khi lng khc
nhau chu tc dng ca cng mt lc th
vt no c khi lng ln hn s c gia
tc nh hn, tc l vn tc kh thay i
hn. Ni cch khc tc l vt c khi
lng cng ln th mc qun tnh cng
ln.
3. trng lc v trng lng:
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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- trng lc l lc ht ca tri t tc dng
ln vt v gy ra cho chng gia tc ri t
do, k hiu trng lc l P

. gn mt t
trng lc c phng thng ng, chiu t
trn xung, v t vo mt im gi l
trng tm ca vt.
- trng lng ca vt l ln ca trng
lc tc dng ln vt, k hiu l P. trng
lng ca vt c o bng lc k.
- biu thc ca trng lc: P mg =


4. nguyn l c lp ca tc dng
cng thc cng gia tc:
Khi mt vt( cht im) chu tc dng ca
nhiu lc 1 2 ; ;... n F F F

th mi lc s gy ra
cho vt mt gia tc ring, khng ph
thuc vo vic c hay khng c tc dng
ca nhng lc khc.
1 2
1 2 ; ;...; ;
n
n
F F F
a a a
m m m
= = =



l nguyn l c lp ca tc dng.
Gia tc ca vt bng tng cc vc t gia
tc: 1 2 ... n a a a a = + + +


y chnh l cng thc cng vn tc.
III/ nh lut III Niu tn:
1/ s tng tc ca cc vt:
Nu vt A tc dng ln vt B mt lc th
ngc li vt B cng tc dng tr li vt
A mt lc, hai lc ny cng phng, cng
ln nhng ngc chiu.
2/ nh lut:
Trong mi trng hp khi vt A tc dng
vo vt B mt lc, th vt B cng tc dng
tr li vt A mt lc, hai lc ny l hai
lc trc i, ngha l chng c cng gi
cng ln nhng ngc chiu.
Biu thc: AB BA F F =


3/ lc v phn lc:
- mt trong hai lc tng tc gia hai vt
gi l lc tc dng cn lc kia gi l phn
lc.
* Lc v phn lc c cc c im sau:
- lc v phn lc lun lun xut hin v
mt i ng thi.
- lc v phn lc c cng gi, cng ln
nhng ngc chiu ( hai lc nh vy gi
l hai lc trc i)
- lc v phn lc khng cn bng nhau v
chng t vo hai vt khc nhau.


LC HP DN NH LUT VN
VT HP DN
1. Lc hp dn: mi vt trong v tr u
ht nhau vi mt lc gi l lc hp dn.
Lc hp dn c tc dng t xa, qua
khong cch khng gian gia cc vt.
2/ nh lut vn vt hp dn:
Lc hp dn gia hai cht im bt k t
l thun vi tch hai khi lng ca chng
v t l nghch vi bnh phng khong
cch gia chng.
Cng thc:
1 2
2
.
hd
m m
F G
r
=
Trong :
2
11
2
G 6, 67.10
Nm
kg

= gi l hng
s hp dn. m
1
; m
2
( kg) l khi lng ca
hai cht im. r ( m) l khong cch gia
hai cht im.

12 F

21 F

m
2
m
1
r

Cng thc trn p dng c cho cc vt
thng thng trong hai trng hp:
- khong cch gia cc vt rt ln so vi
kch thc ca chng.
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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9
- cc vt ng cht v c dng hnh cu,
khi r l khong cch gia hai tm, lc
hp dn nm trn ng ni tm hai vt.
3/ trng lc l trng hp ring ca lc
hp dn:
Xt vt c khi lng m cao h so vi
mt t. gi M v R ln lt l khi lng
v bn knh ca tri t.
Lc hp dn gia vt v tri t:
2
.
( )
hd
mM
F G
R h
=
+

Trng lc tc dng ln vt: P = mg. vi
F
hd
= P
2
( )
GM
g
R h
=
+

Khi vt gn mt t ( h R << ) th:
2
GM
g
R
=
4. lc hng tm:
Vt chuyn ng trn u c gia tc
hng tm. Lc gy ra gia tc hng tm
gi l lc hng tm. Lc hng tm l
hp ca tt c cc lc tc dng ln vt
chuyn ng trn u v gy ra cho vt gi
tc hng tm
Cng thc ca lc hng tm:
2
.
ht ht
mv
F ma
R
= =


LC N HI CA L XO
1/ Lc n hi:
- khi mt vt c tnh n hi b bin dng
th vt xut hin mt lc c xu hng
lm cho n ly li hnh dng v kch
thc ban u. Lc y gi l lc n hi.
- Cc c im ca lc n hi:
+ xut hin hai u ca l xo v tc
dng vo cc vt tip xc vi l xo lm
cho n b bin dng.
+ Hng ca lc n hi mi u ca
l xo, ngc vi hng ca ngoi lc gy
ra bin dng.
+ c ln t l vi bin dng ca
vt.
2/ ln ca lc n hi nh lut
Hc:
Trong gii hn n hi , ln ca lc
n hi ca l xo t l thun vi bin
dng ca l xo.

l A h F

Cng thc:
h
.

F k l = A
Trong : k (
N
m
) gi l h s n hi;
hay cng ca l xo.
0
l l l A = ( m): gi l bin dng ca l
xo ( c th l dn; hay nn: l l
di ca l xo khi b bin dng;
0
l l chiu
di ban u ca l xo).
3/ ch :
- i vi dy cao su hay dy thp, lc
n hi ch xut hin khi b ngoi lc ko
dn. Trong trng hp ny lc n hi
gi l lc cng dy.
- i vi cc mt tip xc b bin dng
khi p vo nhau th lc n hi c phng
vung gc vi mt tip xc.


LC MA ST
I/ Ma st trt:
1/ N: khi mt vt chuyn ng trt trn
mt b mt th b mt tc dng ln vt( ti
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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10
ch tip xc ) mt lc ma st trt, cn
tr chuyn ng ca vt trn b mt .
2/ c im:
- khng ph thuc vo din tch tip xc
v tc ca vt.
- t l vi ln ca p lc.
- ph thuc vo vt liu v tnh trng ca
hai mt tip xc.
3/ h s ma st trt:
mst
t
F
N
=
4/ cng thc tnh lc ma st trt:
.
mst t
F N =
Trong :
t
l h s ma st trt; N l p
lc
* Nu vt trt trn mt phng nm ngang
th p lc bng vi trng lc: N = P = mg.
* Nu ko vt chuyn ng thng u th
lc ko F

c ln bng vi lc ma st
trt : F
ko
= F
mst

II/ Lc ma st ln:
- Lc ma st ln xut hin khi mt vt
ln trn b mt ca mt vt khc, cn tr
chuyn ng ln ca vt
- Lc ma st ln cng t l vi p lc N
ging nh ma sat trt, nhng h s ma
st ln nh hn h s ma st trt hng
chc ln.
III/ Lc ma st ngh:
- lc ma st ngh xut hin khi vt chu
tc dng ca lc ko nhng vt vn ng
yn ( lc ma st ngh cn bng vi lc
ko).
* c im ca lc ma st ngh:
- lc ma st ngh c hng ngc vi
hng ca lc tc dng, song song vi
mt tip xc, c ln bng ln ca
lc tc dng, khi vt cn cha chuyn
ng
- ln ca lc ma st ngh cc i
cng t l vi ln ca p lc nh lc
ma st trt.
msn_max 0
F N = ( trong
0
l
h s ma st ngh)
* th nghim chng t: khi vt trt lc
ma st trt nh hn lc ma st ngh cc
i.


LC HNG TM
1/ Lc hng tm:
Lc (hay hp lc ca cc lc) tc dng
vo mt vt chuyn ng trn u v gy
ra cho vt gia tc hng tm gi l lc
hng tm.
2/ cng thc:
2
2
.
ht ht
mv
F ma m r
r
= = =
Trong : m ( kg) l khi lng ca vt;
a
ht
l gia tc hng tm ( m/s
2
); r l bn
knh qu o (m); ( rad/s) l tc gc.
* Lu : khi v tinh chuyn ng trn u
quanh tri t, lc hp dn ca tri t tc
dng ln v tinh ng vai tr lf lc hng
tm: F
hd
= F
ht

2
2 2
( )
( )
GmM mv GM
g
R h R h R
= =
+ +



BI TON V CHUYN NG NM
NGANG
1/ Phng php ta :
- chn h ta ( thng l h ta
cc) v phn tch chuyn ng phc tp
thnh cc chuyn ng thnh phn n
gin , ngha l chiu cht im M xung
hai trc Ox; Oy c cc hnh chiu M
x
;
M
y
.
- kho st ring r cc chuyn ng ca
M
x
; M
y
.
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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11
- phi hp cc li gii ring r ( ca M
x
;
M
y
) thnh li gii y cho chuyn
ng thc ca M.
2/ kho st chuyn ng ca vt nm
ngang.


0 v

h
v v
y
v
x

M

M
x
M
y
y
O
x
Mt t

Xt mt vt M b nm theo phng ngang
vi vn tc ban u 0 v

, t mt im O,
cao h so vi mt t. b qua sc cn
ca Khng kh.
a/ dng qu o ca vt:
2
2
0
2
g
y x
v
=
Qu o l mt nhnh ca Parapol.
b/ thi gian chuyn ng( t lc nm
n lc chm t) :
2h
t
g
=
c/ tm nm xa ca vt;
ax ax 0 0
2
m m
h
L x v t v
g
= = =
d/ vn tc ca vt ti thi im t:
2 2 2 2 2
0 x y
v v v v g t = + = +
e/ gc lch ca vc t vn tc so vi
phng ngang ti thi im ang xt
c xc nh:
0
tan
x
y
v gt
v v
= =


CHNG III CN BNG V
CHUYN NG CA VT RN
CN BNG CA MT VT CH
TC DNG CA HAI LC V CA
BA LC KHNG SONG SONG
1. cn bng ca mt vt chu tc dng
ca hai lc:
Mun cho mt vt chu tc dng ca hai
lc trng thi cn bng th hai lc
phi cng gi, cng ln v ngc
chiu.
1 2 F F =


2. cn bng ca mt vt chu tc dng
ca ba lc khng song song:
a/ quy tc: mun tng hp hai lc c gi
ng quy tc dng ln mt vt rn, trc
ht ta phi trt hai vc t lc trn gi
ca chng n im ng quy, ri p
dng quy tc hnh bnh hnh tm hp
lc.
b/ iu kin cn bng:
mun cho mt vt chu tc dng ca ba
lc 1 2
3
; ; F F F

khng song song trng thi
cn bng th:
- ba lc phi c gi ng phng,
ng quy.
- hp ca hai lc phi cn bng vi lc
th 3.
1 2 3 F F F + =




CN BNG CA MT VT C
TRC QUAY C NH M MEN
LC
1/ m men lc: m men lc i vi trc
quay l i lng c trng cho tc dng
lm quay ca lc v c o bng tch
ca lc vi cnh tay n ca n.
. M F d =
Trong : F l ln ca lc ( N); d l
cnh tay n ca lc ( l khong cch t
H THNG CNG THC VT L 10
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12
gi ca lc ti trc quay) (m); M l m
men lc ( N.m).
2/ iu kin cn bng ca mt vt c
trc quay c nh ( quy tc m men
lc):
Mun cho mt vt c trc quay c nh
trang thi cn bng th tng cc m men
lc c xu hng lm vt quay theo chiu
kim ng h phi bng tng cc m men
lc c xu hng lm vt quay ngc
chiu kim ng h.
1 2
1 1 2 2
M M
Fd F d
=
=


QUY TC HP LC SONG SONG
CNG CHIU
1/ Quy tc:
- hp ca hai lc song song cng chiu
l mt lc song song, cng chiu v c
ln bng tng cc ln ca hai lc
y.
- gi ca hp lc chia khong cch gia
hai gi ca hai lc song song thnh
nhng on t l nghch vi ln ca
hai lc y.
2/ Biu thc:
1 2
F F F = +
1 2
2 1
F d
F d
= ( chia trong).

2 F

1 F

A

O

O
1
O
2
d
2
d
1
B




CC DNG CN BNG CN
BNG CA MT VT C MT
CHN
1/ Cc dng cn bng: c ba dng cn
bng l: cn bng bn; cn bng khng
bn; cn bng phim nh.
* khi vt b ko ra khi VTCB mt cht
m trng lc c xu hng:
- ko n tr v v tr cn bng th l
cn bng bn.
- ko n ra xa v tr cn bng th l cn
bng khng bn.
- gi n ng yn v tr mi th l
cn bng phim nh.
2/ iu kin cn bng ca mt vt c
mt chn : l gi ca trng lc phi
xuyn qua mt chn ( hay trng tm
ri trn mt chn ).
3/ mc vng vng ca cn bng: c
xc nh bi cao ca trng tm v din
tch ca mt chn
* mun tng mc vng vng ca vt c
mt chn th h thp trng tm v tng
din tch mt chn ca vt.