DU NNG V CC CNG NGH NNG CP

T VN

Du nng l g? Ti sao phi nghin cu v du nng? Cc cng ngh ch bin du nng ? M hnh nh my ch bin du nng ?

Du nng?

Du nng?

Du nng l mt loi du th rt nht v khng th lu chuyn d dng. c tnh chung ca n l t trng cao, t s H/C thp, hm lng cn cacbon, hm lng asphalten, kim loi nng, hm lng S, N cao

Du nng?

Cc tnh cht ca du nng

Hiu sut phn on cn rt cao, cn kh quyn c th chim trn 70% th tch. Hm lng thnh phn nh rt thp Hm lng asphalt, asphalten cao do trong thnh phn cha nhiu acromatic a vng ngng t. Hm lng cc rt cao, c th t n trn 30% kl i vi loi du c ngun gc bitumen. Hiu sut phn on xng thp. Hiu sut phn on gasoil thp, c bit i vi loi du th c ngun bitumen Hm lng cc tp cht lu hunh, nit, kim loi rt cao. nht rt cao, c th n hng vn Cst nhit 100F, gy kh khn trong qu trnh vn chuyn. im chy cao. T trng API thp,

Mt s du nng tiu biu

537.8oC

537.8oC

(Oil &Gas Journal)

Tnh cht du Cerro Negro, Venezuela

Tnh cht Hm lng cacbon,%kl Hm lng hydro, %kl Hm lng nit,%kl Hm lng oxi,%kl Hm lng lu hunh,%kl Hm lng tro,%kl Hm lng natri, ppm Hm lng vanadi, ppm Hm lng niken, ppm Hm lng st, ppm Gi tr 85,3 9,7 0,54 0,30 4,04 0,12 40 440 110 12 API nht,mPa.s 25C Khi lng ring,kg/m3( 15C) Nhit tng, MJ/kg im chp chy, C im chy, C Hm lng hp cht no, % Hm lng acromatic, % Hm lng nha, % Hm lng asphalten, % Tnh cht Gi tr 8,0 8 x 104-105 1,019 42,8 120 38 10,7 58,0 19,3 11,9

Tnh cht du bitumen Athabasca, Canada

Tnh cht
oAPI

Gi tr Tnh cht 9 4,9 0,5 280 7000 Phn on LPG, %V Phn on naphtha, %V Phn on Jet, %V Phn on %V Diesel,

Gi tr 0,0 1,5 1,7 13,9 31,9 50,8

Hm lng Nit,%kl Hm lng lu hunh,%kl Hm lng kim loi, ppm nht, m2/s x 106 (40C)

Phn on VGO, %V Phn on cn, %V

Tr lng v tim nng ca du nng

1. Douglas Lanier, 7th International Conf. on Heavy Oil and Bitumen 1998. 2. US Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000

(PetroCanada)

Quy trnh khai thc,vn chuyn, nng cp du nng

Vn chuyn du nng

Gia nhit: c in, du th khng cn phn tch dung mi, kh khn trong thit k ng ng (cng sut, bm, nhit lng, n mn,), thay i cu trc keo lm xu i tnh cht ca du th, tiu th nhiu nhin liu hn ch s dng Pha long: s dng rng ri, pha long du bng cc HC khc c nht nh hn nh condensate, naphtha, kerosene, hay du th nh (25-50%). V nht ca du sau pha long t l theo hm m vi lng cht pha long nn rt hiu qu To nh tng vi nc: phn tn cc git du th nng trong nc (30%) vi s c mt ca cht hot ng b mt (500-2000ppm) h nh tng ny n nh hn, c nht thp hn, c s dng ch yu lm nhin liu cho cc nh my nhit in v nhiu ng dng khc thay cho than . Nng cp s b: thng kt hp vi pha long gim nht trc khi chuyn n nh my nng cp loi b bt thnh phn nng v tp cht, do nht ca du nng gim i To dng chy tm ng CAF: To mng nc bao quanh du trong ng ng, vai tr nh cht bi trn, ma st gia du vi thnh ng lc ny tr thnh ma st gia du vi nc, p sut bm s tng ng vi p sut vn chuyn nc trong ng ng. T l nc thng vo khong 10-30%, vn tc dng chy thch hp n nh dng cha nhiu, cn mang tnh th nghim

NNG CP DU NNG? (upgrading heavy oil)

L qu trnh bin i t bitumen hay du nng thnh du th tng hp (synthetic crude oil) hay cn gi l du nng cp tng t l H/C, tch loi lu hunh, nit v kim loi,

Ci thin nht ca du th gip cho qu trnh vn chuyn c d dng. Loi b mt phn tp cht v cn p ng cht lng ca du th th trng.

Thng thng du nng sau khi c khai thc s c pha long bng dung mi nh v c vn chuyn n nh my nng cp t gn ni khai thc

Example

Coal

EHOor Ar.Heavy Vac.resid 1.5 11.1

Usual crudes Around 2 Around 14

Naphtha

Diesel

Methane

H/C (atom.) Hydrogen wt%

0.4 0.8

2.3 16

1.9 13.6

4 25

NNG CP DU NNG? (upgrading heavy oil)

Mc nng cp

Nng cp mt phn: du 8-9oAPI s c nng cp thnh du 14-22oAPI du nng cp c cht lng trung bnh v thp. Nng cp ti a: du 8-9oAPI s c nng cp thnh du >26oAPI du nng cp c cht lng cao. Loi b cacbon B sung hydro

Cng ngh nng cp

Ngun: PDVSA

S cc mc nng cp du nng

Cng ngh nng cp

Cng ngh loi cacbon (carbon rejection): cracking nhit, cracking xc tc, tch asphalt bng dung mi (solvent deasphalting).

u im: c th x l c du th c hm lng tp cht cao (cracking nhit, tch asphalt bng dung mi). Nhc im: sn xut cc sn phNm c cht lng thp, c bit i vi cc qu trnh cracking nhit to sn phNm khng n nh, hiu sut sn phNm lng thp.

Cng ngh thm hydro (hydrogen addition): gm cc cng ngh hydrocracking, hydrotreating.

u im: sn phm c cht lng cao, n nh, hiu sut du nng cp cao. Nhc im: linh hot km, vi nguyn liu du nng c t trng cao, hm lng tp cht nhiu th d gy ng c xc tc.

thu c hiu sut du nng cp cao, cht lng du nng cp tt, thng phi kt hp c 2 qu trnh trn (nng cp ton phn).

M hnh h thng nng cp du nng

Mt s d n nng cp du nng Venezula

D n Cerro Negro

Mt s d n nng cp du nng Venezula

D n Sincor

Mt s d n nng cp du nng Venezula

D n Petrolera Ameriven/Hamaca

Mt s d n nng cp du nng Venezula

D n Petrozueta

Mt s d n nng cp du nng Canada

D n Husky Oil Lloydminster

Mt s d n nng cp du nng Canada

D n Heartland

Mt s d n nng cp du nng Canada

D n Heartland

Thng k s lng cc cng ngh x l cn ang c s dng trn th gii nm 2003

Cng ngh Hydroprocessing Fixed bed Ebullated Slurry Cng ngh thm hydro Solvent Deasphalting Thermal Processing RFCC Tng 12 7 1 20 15 131 19 185 21 4 0 25 3 155 26 209 27 1 0 28 6 147 57 238 60 12 1 73 24 433 102 632 9 2 0 12 4 69 16 100 Bc v Chu u v Nam M Nht Bn Cc nc khc Tng s T l %

CNG NGH KH ASPHALT BNG DUNG MI

Nguyn liu

Thit b chit

Thit b phn tch

Hi nc

Hi nc DAO

Pitch

Propane Pressure, MPa DAO yield, wt % DAO properties Density, g/cc Gravity, API Oils, wt % Resine, wt % Asphaltenes, wt % Sulphur, wt % N itrogen, ppm CCR, wt % N i+V, ppm 0.956 16.5 89.3 10.7 0 3.66 1537 2.9 3.21 11.6

n-butane 1.41 47.1 1.001 9.9 73.1 26.8 0.1 5.52 3392 6.37 55

n-pentane 0.72 66 1.022 7.0 59.6 40.3 0.1 6.3 4784 14.33 140

n-heptane 0.45 80.5 1.038 4.8 51.2 43.3 5.5 6.53 5771 19.38 270