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Cc nguyn t nhm IIA

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Thnh vin

1
2 3 4 5

Nguyn Trung Hiu


ng Tun Hng ng Duy Huy Gip Vn Thnh inh Vn Xun LOGO

Chng c gi l kim th v cc thuc tnh t nhin trung gian ca chng gia cc cht kim (xt ca cc kim loi

kim) v cc loi t him (xt ca cc kim loi t him)


Cc kim loi kim th c t tn theo cc xt ca chng, cc t kim, c tn gi c l berilia, magisia , vi sng, strontia v baryta Trong lp v Tri t kim loi kim th chim t l 4,16 %

(trong y 67 % Canxi, 31 % Magi, 1,4 % Bari, 0,6 %


Stronti v 1 lng rt t Berili v Radi)
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Ni dung

1
2 3 4

Tnh cht n cht


Hp cht ha hc Nc cng ng dng v iu ch

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Nguyn t

Be

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

Ra

S hiu nguyn t

12

20

38

56

88

Nng lng 1800 ion ha I2 (kJ/mol) m in 1,57

1450

1150

1060

970

1,31

1,00

0,95

0,89

in th cc -1,85 chun EoM2+/M

-2,73

-2,87

-2,79

-2,90

Khi lng nguyn t

24

40

88

137

(226)

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1. Tnh cht n cht


u c mu trng bc hoc xm nht, trong khng kh c Be v Mg gi c nh kim.

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Nguyn t

im nng chy (K)

im bc hi (K)

Khi lng ring (kg/m)

cng

dn in (S/m)

Bn knh nguyn t (nm)

Berili

1551,15

~2750

1848

5,5

31,3 . 106

0,113

Magi

923

1380

1738

2,5

22,6 . 106

0,160

Canxi

1115

1757

1550

1,75

29,8 . 106

0,197

Stronti

1050

1655

2630

1,5

7,62 .106

0,215

Bari Radi

1000 973

1913 2010

3620 5500

1,25 -

3 .106 -

0,217

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Tnh cht ha hc
1. Tc dng vi phi kim a. Tc dng vi H2: - Khi t cc kim loi kim th trong kh quyn H2 kh th Ca, Sr, Ba d dng to ra cc hp cht hirua kim loi.

- Phn ng : M + H2 MH2
Khi tip xc vi H2O, cc hirua ny to thnh dung dch M(OH)2 v H2

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b. Tc dng vi oxi: - Khi t nng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u chy trong khng kh to ra oxit. 2M + O2 2MO - Tr BeO, tt c cc oxit ca kim loi kim th u tc dng vi nc cho dung dch baz

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c. Tc dng vi cc phi kim khc: - Khi ung nng cc kim loi kim th tc dng mnh lit vi cc phi kim mnh nh halogen, lu hunh, nit...to ra mui. M + X2 MX2 M + S MS 3M + N2 M3N2 - Cc nitrua kim loi kim th tc dng vi nc to ra

hiroxit v gii phng NH3

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2. Tc dng vi axit a. Tc dng vi HCl, H2SO4 long:

- kh d dng ion H+ ca dung dch axit (HCl, H2SO4 long) thnh


H2 : M + 2H+ M2+ + H2 b.Tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO3, H2SO4 c: - Vi dung dch HNO3 long: cc kim loi nhm IIA c tnh kh mnh c th kh N+5 xung cc s oxi ho thp. V d: 4M + 10 HNO3 4M(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O - Vi HNO3 c : M + 4 HNO3 M(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2 H2O - Vi H2SO4 c, nng : M + 2 H2SO4 MSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
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3. Tc dng vi H2O - Be khng tc dng vi H2O d nhit cao - Mg tc dng chm vi H2O nhit thng to ra Mg(OH)2, tc dng nhanh vi hi nc nhit cao to thnh MgO Mg + H2O hi MgO + H2 - Ca, Sr, Ba tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to thnh

dung dch baz.


Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
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4. Tc dng vi dung dch baz - Ch c Be phn ng c vi dung dch baz to mui berilat v kh H2 - Phn ng : Be + 2Na(OH) + H2O =Na2[Be(OH) 4] + H2 (Be + 2NaOH Na2BeO2+ H2)

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2. Tnh cht hp cht


Cc oxit MO: l cht rn mu trng, kh nng chy v rt bn nhit. Phn ng vi H2O, ta nhit. (Tr BeO)

Cc hydroxit M(OH)2 :
Be(OH)2 v Mg(OH)2 t tan trong H2O. Be(OH)2 c tnh lng tnh. Be(OH) 2 + 2Na(OH) = Na2[Be(OH) 4] M(OH) 2 + 2HCl = MCl2 + 2H2O C kh nng hp th CO2

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Cc peoxit MO 2 : Be khng to c peoxit, Mg ch to c peoxit dng hydroxit c ln peoxit MgO2 v cc peoxit khc th

rt kh tan trong nc.


CaO2 : Ca(OH)2 + H2O2 + H2O2 = CaO2.8H2O CaO2.8H2O CaO2 + 8H2O BaO2 c iu ch bng cch sc khng kh qua BaO 600C : BaO + 0,5O2 BaO2

SrO2 cng c iu ch nh vyv p sut c125 atm


Cc peoxit c kh nng tan trong axit to ra H2O2

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Cc mui halogen: l cht rn trng, d tan, ht m mnh Cc mui sunfat o Canxi oxalat (CaC2O4) l thnh phn chnh ca si thn o Canxi cacbua (CaC2) dng trong cng nghip sn xut Axetilen ,

kh Lu hunh t kim loi th, ...


o Canxi cyanamit (CaCN2) dng lm phn bn

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Berili xt BeO

Magi MgO

Canxi CaO

Stronti SrO

Bari BaO

Hirxt

Be(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

Ca(OH)2

Sr(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

Florua

BeF2

MgF2

CaF2

SrF2

BaF2

Clorua
Sulfat

BeCl2
BeSO4

MgCl2
MgSO4

CaCl2
CaSO4

SrCl2
SrSO4

BaCl2
BaSO4

Cacbonat

BeCO3

MgCO3

CaCO3

SrCO3

BaCO3

Nitrat

Be(NO3)2

Mg(NO3)2

Ca(NO3)2

Sr(NO3)2

Ba(NO3)2

Sulfua

BeS

MgS

CaS

SrS

BaS LOGO

3. Nc cng
Nc cng l loi nc t nhin cha trn 3 milimol lg cation canxi (Ca2+) v magie (Mg2+) trong mt lt. Nc cha

nhiu Mg2+ c v ng. Tng hm lng ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c


trng cho tnh cht cng ca nc. cng ca nc thin nhin dao ng rt nhiu v c trng ln nc ngm.

C 2 loi cng ca nc cng: cng tm thi v cng


vnh cu Mm ha nc cng bng cch cho kt ta Mg2+ v Ca2+ vi (Na2CO3), photphat hoc tch chng bng nha trao i ion hoc un si.
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4. ng dng v iu ch
a. ng dng ca kim loi kim th: Kim loi Be c lm cht ph gia ch to nhng hp kim c tnh n hi cao, bn chc, khng b n mn... Kim loi Mg c dung ch to nhng hp kim c c tnh

cng, nh, bn...Bt Mg trn vi cht oxi ho dng ch to


cht chiu sng ban m. Kim loi Ca dung lm cht kh tch oxi , lu hunh ra khi thp, CaO c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip sx xi mng.
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b.

iu ch cc kim loi kim th: - Nguyn tc: Kh ion kim loi kim th: M2+ + 2e M - Phng php: in phn nng chy mui ca chng

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