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Thnh vin
1
2 3 4 5
Chng c gi l kim th v cc thuc tnh t nhin trung gian ca chng gia cc cht kim (xt ca cc kim loi
Ni dung
1
2 3 4
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Nguyn t
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
Ra
S hiu nguyn t
12
20
38
56
88
1450
1150
1060
970
1,31
1,00
0,95
0,89
-2,73
-2,87
-2,79
-2,90
24
40
88
137
(226)
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Nguyn t
im bc hi (K)
cng
dn in (S/m)
Berili
1551,15
~2750
1848
5,5
31,3 . 106
0,113
Magi
923
1380
1738
2,5
22,6 . 106
0,160
Canxi
1115
1757
1550
1,75
29,8 . 106
0,197
Stronti
1050
1655
2630
1,5
7,62 .106
0,215
Bari Radi
1000 973
1913 2010
3620 5500
1,25 -
3 .106 -
0,217
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Tnh cht ha hc
1. Tc dng vi phi kim a. Tc dng vi H2: - Khi t cc kim loi kim th trong kh quyn H2 kh th Ca, Sr, Ba d dng to ra cc hp cht hirua kim loi.
- Phn ng : M + H2 MH2
Khi tip xc vi H2O, cc hirua ny to thnh dung dch M(OH)2 v H2
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b. Tc dng vi oxi: - Khi t nng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u chy trong khng kh to ra oxit. 2M + O2 2MO - Tr BeO, tt c cc oxit ca kim loi kim th u tc dng vi nc cho dung dch baz
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c. Tc dng vi cc phi kim khc: - Khi ung nng cc kim loi kim th tc dng mnh lit vi cc phi kim mnh nh halogen, lu hunh, nit...to ra mui. M + X2 MX2 M + S MS 3M + N2 M3N2 - Cc nitrua kim loi kim th tc dng vi nc to ra
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3. Tc dng vi H2O - Be khng tc dng vi H2O d nhit cao - Mg tc dng chm vi H2O nhit thng to ra Mg(OH)2, tc dng nhanh vi hi nc nhit cao to thnh MgO Mg + H2O hi MgO + H2 - Ca, Sr, Ba tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to thnh
4. Tc dng vi dung dch baz - Ch c Be phn ng c vi dung dch baz to mui berilat v kh H2 - Phn ng : Be + 2Na(OH) + H2O =Na2[Be(OH) 4] + H2 (Be + 2NaOH Na2BeO2+ H2)
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Cc hydroxit M(OH)2 :
Be(OH)2 v Mg(OH)2 t tan trong H2O. Be(OH)2 c tnh lng tnh. Be(OH) 2 + 2Na(OH) = Na2[Be(OH) 4] M(OH) 2 + 2HCl = MCl2 + 2H2O C kh nng hp th CO2
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Cc peoxit MO 2 : Be khng to c peoxit, Mg ch to c peoxit dng hydroxit c ln peoxit MgO2 v cc peoxit khc th
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Cc mui halogen: l cht rn trng, d tan, ht m mnh Cc mui sunfat o Canxi oxalat (CaC2O4) l thnh phn chnh ca si thn o Canxi cacbua (CaC2) dng trong cng nghip sn xut Axetilen ,
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Berili xt BeO
Magi MgO
Canxi CaO
Stronti SrO
Bari BaO
Hirxt
Be(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
Florua
BeF2
MgF2
CaF2
SrF2
BaF2
Clorua
Sulfat
BeCl2
BeSO4
MgCl2
MgSO4
CaCl2
CaSO4
SrCl2
SrSO4
BaCl2
BaSO4
Cacbonat
BeCO3
MgCO3
CaCO3
SrCO3
BaCO3
Nitrat
Be(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2
Ca(NO3)2
Sr(NO3)2
Ba(NO3)2
Sulfua
BeS
MgS
CaS
SrS
BaS LOGO
3. Nc cng
Nc cng l loi nc t nhin cha trn 3 milimol lg cation canxi (Ca2+) v magie (Mg2+) trong mt lt. Nc cha
4. ng dng v iu ch
a. ng dng ca kim loi kim th: Kim loi Be c lm cht ph gia ch to nhng hp kim c tnh n hi cao, bn chc, khng b n mn... Kim loi Mg c dung ch to nhng hp kim c c tnh
b.
iu ch cc kim loi kim th: - Nguyn tc: Kh ion kim loi kim th: M2+ + 2e M - Phng php: in phn nng chy mui ca chng
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