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13-08-2010 08:37 AM

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Cc dng ton c bn trong ho v c

Mt s dng ton c bn trong ha v c dnh cho luyn thi H - C Bin son: Lng Thin Ti - Lu Anh T Dng 1: Kim loi + dung dch mui Mui mi + kim loi mi Kim loi mnh hn (khng tan trong nc) y kim loi yu hn ra khi dung dch mui. Phng php tng gim khi lng. V d: Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu 1 mol Fe phn ng khi lng cht rn tng 8 gam. Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu 1 mol Zn phn ng khi lng cht rn gim1 gam. Ch : - khi lng cht rn tng cng chnh l khi lng dung dch gim v ngc li. - Nu cho 2 thanh kim loi vo 1 dung dch mui th cc phn ng ca xy ra ng thi. - Nu hn hp bt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch hn hp mui, th kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht s p vi cation kim loi c tnh oxiha mnh nht trc! Cc phn ng s ln lt xy ra. Da vo iu ny c th xc nh thnh phn kim loi v dung dch mui sau phn ng V d: (Cao ng 2008) Bi tp 1. Ngm mt inh st sch trong 100ml dung dch CuSO4, sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi dung dch, ra sch, sy kh, cn thy khi lng inh st tng ln 0,8 gam. Dung dch CuSO4 ban u c nng l: A. 0,5M. B. 1M. C. 0,1M D. 0,05M. 2. Ngm mt thanh Zn vo mt cc thy tinh cha 50ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,05M n khi dung dch trong cc mt hn mu xanh, th khi lng thanh Zn sau phn ng s: A. gim 0,0025 gam so vi ban u B. tng 0,0025 gam so vi ban u. C. gim 0,1625 gam so vi ban u. D. tng 0,16 gam so vi ban u 1. (khi B,2008) Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2. Khi lng cht rn sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l A. 13,1 gam B. 17,0 gam C. 19,5 gam D. 14,1 gam. 2. (khi B,2008) Tin hnh hai th nghim sau: - Th nghim 1: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V1 lt dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M; - Th nghim 2: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V2 lt dung dch AgNO3 0,1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim u bng nhau. Gi tr ca V1 so vi V2 l A. V1 = V2. B. V1 = 10V2. C. V1 = 5V2. D. V1 = 2V2. 3. (khi B,2007) Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng , lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp ban u l: A. 90,27% B. 85,30% C. 82,20% D. 12,67% 4. Nhng bn km v bn st vo cng mt dung dch ng sunfat. Sau mt thi gian, nhc hai bn kim loi ra th trong dung dch thu c nng mol ca km sunfat bng 2,5 ln ca st sunfat. Mt khc khi lng ca dung dch gim 0,11gam. Khi lng ng bm trn mi kim loi l: A. 1,28 gam v 3,2 gam. B. 6,4gam v 1,6 gam C. 1,54 gam v 2,6 gam. D. 8,6 gam v 2,4 gam.

Ngy tham gia: Sun Jul 2010 Bi vit: Cm n: 423 351

c Cm n: 233 5 None S ln cng|tr: 0 ln

Dng 2: Tnh khi lng mui khan. - Phng php tng gim khi lng . - Phng php bo ton khi lng. I. Mui Cacbonat + dung dch HCl

II. Kim loi + dung dch HCl / H2SO4

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o Nu kim loi l kim loi kim (Na), cn axit l ru (ROH) th ta vn tnh tng t, lc ny dng bo ton khi lng thun tin hn. Na + ROH RONa + H2 Ch : KL + hn hp HCl v H2SO4 Mui + H2 ( bit s mol tng axit) (bit s mol H2) Chng ta ch c th p dng bo ton khi lng khi kim tra chc chn rng axit phn ng ht. . Nu ta c axit phn ng ht. Cu 44: (Cao ng, 2008) Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l A. 38,93 gam B. 103,85 gam C. 25,95 gam D. 77,86 gam. III. Oxit kim loi + Axit Mui + H2O o Phng php bo ton khi lng. Axit = H2SO4 th: naxit = n H2O V d: 5. (khi A,2007) Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3 , MgO, ZnO trong 500ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l A. 6,81 gam B. 4,81 gam C. 3,81 gam D. 5,81 gam IV. Axit + Baz (NaOH) Mui + H2O o Axit y ta thng gp l axit hu c hn, v d nh axit axetic, phenol, V d: 6. (khi A,2008) Trung ha 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng , thu c m gam cht rn khan c khi lng l: A.8,64 gam B.6,84 gam C.4,90 gam D.6,80 gam 3. (khi B,2008) Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C3H7COOH. Dng 3: NaOH + hn hp axit H2SO4, HCl hoc H2SO4 ,HNO3 . C cn dung dch, tnh m mui khan - Mui khan, u tin to thnh mui sunfat trc, v khi c cn c th xy ra phn ng axit khng bay hi (H2SO4 ) y axit d bay hi HCl,HNO3 to mui sunfat.

Dng 4: Hn hp oxit + H2 / CO Kim loi + H2O/ CO2 Oxit KL [O] KL H2 + [O] H2O CO + [O] CO2 o Vic tnh ton ch cn da vo cc qu trnh cho nhn nguyn t O. o Khi lng cht rn gim hay khi lng hn hp kh tng chnh l khi lng ca nguyn t O tham gia vo cc qu trnh trn o Nhn thy s mol kh/ hi sau phn ng khng i. 7. (khi A 2008) Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton , khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,448 B.0,112 C.0,224 D.0,560 8. (Cao ng,2007) Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l A. FeO; 75%. B. Fe2O3 ; 75%. C. Fe2O3 ; 65%. D. Fe3O4 ; 75%. (Cao ng, 2008) Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l A. 1,120 B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224. Bi tp 9. Thi mt lung kh CO qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm: CuO, Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3 nung nng, lung kh thot ra c sc vo nc vi trong d, thy c 15 gam kt ta trng. Sau phn ng, cht rn trong ng s c khi lng 215 gam. Khi lng m gam ca hn hp oxit ban u l: A. 217,4 gam. B. 249 gam. C. 219,8 gam. D. 230 gam. 10. Hn hp kh Y gm H2 v CO. Ton b lng kh Y va kh ht 4,8 gam Fe2O3 thnh Fe kim loi v to thnh 1,08 gam H2O. Phn trm th tch CO trong hn hp kh Y l:

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A. 66,67%. B. 25,00%. C. 33,33%. D. 50,00%. 11. Cho m gam Fe2O3 tc dng vi 2,24 lt kh CO nhit cao, sau mt thi gian thu c 20 gam hn hp Fe3O4 v FeO v 3,76 gam hn hp kh CO v CO2. m c gi tr l: A. 20,96 B. 22,1 gam C. 23,76 gan D.Khng xc nh 12. Kh ht m gam Fe2O3 bng CO, thu c hn hp A gm Fe3O4 v Fe c khi lng 28,8 gam. A tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 cho ra 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Tnh th tch CO (ktc) phn ng A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 3,92 lt D. 4,48 lt Dng 5: Hn hp kim loi + O2 Hn hp oxit kim loi KL + [O] Oxit bo ton khi lng mO =moxit - mKL Hn hp oxit + dung dch HCl Mui + H2O O2- + 2H+ H2O (hay O + 2H) (trong oxit) (nH+ = nHCl) C th thay HCl bng dung dch H2SO4 long, hoc H2SO4 c, HNO3 (nu khng c phn ng oxiha kh) 13. (khi A 2008) ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3 ), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,23 B.0,18 C.0,08 D.0,16 14. (khi A,2008) Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,3 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l: A. 57ml B.50 ml C.75 ml D.90 ml Dng 6: Phn ng nhit nhm

I. Phn ng xy ra hon ton. a. Xc nh thnh phn cht rn ban u Hn hp rn sau phn ng gm Al2O3 , Fe v thng l c Al d (Fe2O3 ht) Chia hn hp rn sau phn ng lm 2 phn: Phn 1: Tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, c H2 chng t Al cn d. NaOH + Al + H2O NaAlO2 + H2 Phn 2: Tc dng vi dung dch HCl, kh H2 l do phn ng ca Al, Fe vi HCl Al + 3HCl AlCl3 + H2 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 T 2 d kin trn suy ra nFe to thnh v nAl d. T c th tnh c thnh phn Al, Fe2O3 ban u. b. Tm cng thc oxit st FexOy

1. (khi A, 2008) Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 ( ktc); - Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 22,75 B. 21,40. C. 29,40. D. 29,43. 1. (khi B,2007) Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phnton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d) thot ra V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (Cr = 52) A. 7,84 B. 4,48 C. 3,36. D. 10,08. II. Phn ng khng han ton. Tnh hiu sut phn ng - Thng bi ton s cho s mol Al v oxit Fe2O3 trc. Ta cn xc nh ngay cht thiu l cht no tnh hiu sut theo cht . - V d : Fe2O3 l cht thiu

Dng 7 - Dung dch Ca(OH)2 + CO2 - Dung dch AlCl3 + NaOH - Dung dch NaAlO2 + HCl I. CO2 + dung dch NaOH. Bit trc s mol CO2, NaOH, xc nh thnh phn mui, tnh khi lng mui. 2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3

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t nNa2CO3 = x mol , nNaHCO3 = y mol.

15. Dn 224 cm3 CO2 vo 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, un cn dung dch s thu c mui no, khi lng l bao nhiu? A. NaHCO3 0,63 g v Na2CO3 2,65 g B. NaHCO3 0,63 g v Na2CO3; 0,265 g C. NaHCO3 0,63 g v Na2CO3 0,0265 g D. Na2CO3 0,265 g 2. (khi B,2007) Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l A. 5,8 gam B. 6,5 gam C. 4,2 gam D. 6,3 gam. II. CO2 + dung dch Ca(OH)2 / Ba(OH)2 Bit trc s mol CO2, Ca(OH)2, xc nh thnh phn mui, tnh khi lng kt ta. Hoc bit trc s mol CO2 , s mol kt ta, xc nh s mol Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 t nCaCO3 = x mol , nCa(HCO3)2 = y mol. Gii h: Nn nh phn t khi: CaCO3 = 100; BaCO3 = 197 16. (Khi A, 2007) Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,032 B. 0,048 C. 0,06 D. 0,04 III. x mol CO2 + dung dch a mol Ca(OH)2 / Ba(OH)2 y mol kt ta Cho bit s mol Ca(OH)2 v khi lng kt ta ( CaCO3 ). Tm VCO2 (ktc) Bi ton c 2 trng hp: - Trng hp 1: ch to mui trung ha Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O Lc ny nCO2 = nCaCO3 - Trng hp 2: to c mui trung ha v mui axit. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 C th hiu rng trng hp 1 kt ta cha t cc i, trng hp 2 ban u phn ng ch to mui trung ha CaCO3 .Sau khi kt ta t cc i, vn tip tc sc CO2 th s c phn ng lm kt ta tan mt phn Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 Nh vy vi mt lng Ca(OH)2 xc nh, khi sc CO2 vo thu c mt lng kt ta xc nh th lun c 2 trng hp v s mol ca CO2 (tr trng hp kt ta t cc i) v t c lng kt ta , VCO2 ti thiu ng vi trng hp 1, VCO2 ln nht ng vi trng hp 2.

Tng t bi ton trn , ta cng c 2 dng sau:

17. (khi B, 2007) Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l

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A. 1,2 B. 1,8 C. 2,4 D.2 18. (khi A,2008) Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng han ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l: A. 0,45 B. 0,35 C. 0,25 D.0,05 Bi tp 1. (khi A,2007) Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l A. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. B. ch c kt ta keo trng. C. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln. 19. (khi A,2007) Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn c t l A. a : b = 1 : 4 B. a : b < 1 : 4 C. a : b = 1 : 5 D. a : b > 1 : 4 20. Mt cc ng 200ml dung dch AlCl3 2M. Cho vo cc V lt dung dch NaOH nng a mol/l, thu c mt kt ta, sy kh v nung kt ta n khi lng khng i thu c 5,1 gam cht rn. Nu V= 200ml th gi tr ca a l: A. 2M B. 1,5M hoc 3M C. 1M hoc 1,5M D. 1,5M hoc 7,5M 21. Cho 100ml dung dch KOH vo 100ml dung dch AlCl3 1M thu c 3,9 gam kt ta keo. Nng mol/l ca dung dch KOH l: A. 1,5M. B. 3,5M. C. 1,5M hoc 3,5M. D. 2M hoc 3M. 22. Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5 M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l A. 1,2 B. 1,8 C. 2,4 D. 2 23. Cho 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1 M . Phi thm vo dung dch ny th tch ti thiu NaOH 0,1 M l bao nhiu kt ta thu c sau khi nung c khi lng l 0,51 gam A. 300 ml B. 500 ml C. 300 ml v 700 ml D. 300 ml v 800 ml 24. Ha tan 0,54 gam Al trong 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,1 M c dung dch A. Thm V lt dung dch NaOH 0,1 M cho n khi kt ta bt u tan tr li . Tnh V A. 1 lt B. 0,8 lt C. 1,2 lt D. 1,5 lt Dng 8: Mt s bi ton gii theo phong trnh ion c lin quan - Trong cc bi ton ny, vic u tin chng ta cn l phi nm vng c cc phng trnh phn ly ca cc cht, v tnh c th s mol ca cc ion c to thnh trong dung dch. - Thng th cht l sn phm ca phn ng ny li l cht u ca phn ng khc, nn ta cn ch xc nh r rng thnh phn ca cc cht sau mi mt phn ng . I. CO2 + hn hp NaOH v Ba(OH)2 lng kt ta ? CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O CO2 + OH- HCO3Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3 - Ta thng c bit trc nCO2 v s nOH- t xc nh c thnh phn CO32- (x mol) v HCO3- (y mol)

- T s mol Ba2+ v CO32- ta xc nh c khi lng kt ta 25. (khi A,2008) Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 19,70 B.17,73 C.9,85 D.11,82 II. Hn hp baz NaOH, Ba(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 3OH- + Al3+ Al(OH)3 OH- + Al(OH)3 AlO2- + H2O - Ch : Khi baz l NaOH th ch c duy nht kt ta l Al(OH)3 , nhng nu baz c thm Ba(OH)2 th kt ta ngoi Al(OH)3 ra cn c BaSO4 . 26. (khi A,2007) Thm m gam kali vo 300ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l A. 1,59 B. 1,17 C. 1,71 D.1,95 III. Dung dch NaHCO3 + dung dch Ca(OH)2 HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 27. Ha tan 5,26 gam hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 vo nc c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 1,97 gam kt ta. Hi khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1 M khi lng kt ta thu c l : A. 6 gam B. 3 gam C. 4,5 gam D. 1 gam IV. Cu/cht kh + H+ + NO33Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O 28. (khi A,2008)Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A.0,746 B.0,448 C.1,792 D.0,672 29. (khi B ,2007) Thc hin hai th nghim 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO 2) Cho3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt kh NO Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l: A. V2=V1 B. V2=2V1 C. V2=2,5V1 D. V2=1,5V1

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Bi tp 30. Cho m gam hn hp X gam Zn, Fe v Mg vo dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Y. Thm tip KNO3 d vo dung dch Y th thu c 0,672 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Khi lng St c trong m gam hn hp X l: A. 1,68 gam B. 3,36 gam C. 5,04 gam D. 6,72 gam V. Fe2+ + dung dch KMnO4/ H2SO4 Tnh th tch dung dch KMnO4 5 Fe2+ + MnO4 - 31. (Khi A,2007) Ha tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long d, thu c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch KMnO4 0,5 M vo dung dch X. n khi dung dch bt u c mu hng th th tch dung dch KMnO4 dng l A. 20 ml B. 40 ml C. 60 ml D. 80 ml Dng 9: Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 - CO32- lun trng thi d, phn ng din ra ln lt theo 2 giai on v cha to kh ngay. HCl + Na2CO3 NaHCO3 + NaCl HCl + NaHCO3 H2O + CO2 + NaCl Cho t t dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch HCl - HCl lun trng thi d, phn ng to kh ngay git u tin Na2CO3 ri xung. Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O 32. (khi A, 2007) Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l: A. V=22,4(a-b) B. V=11,2(a-b) C. V=11,2(a+b) D. V=22,4(a+b) 33. Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl x (mol/l) vo 100 ml dung dch Na2CO3 1M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Gi tr ca x l: A. 0,5 B. 1 C. 1,25 D. 1,5 34. *Cho t t dung dch cha 0,3 mol Na2CO3 v 0,6 mol NaHCO3 vo dung dch cha 0,8 mol HCl. Th tch kh CO2 thu c ktc l: A.17,92 lt B.11,2 lt C.13,44 lt D.15,428 lt Dng 10: Hn hp Na, Al + H2O - Na,Al tan hon ton trong dung dch NaOH d, lc ny th tch kh H2 (V1) to thnh t Na, Al l cc i . Na + H2O NaOH + H2 NaOH + Al + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2 - Na, Al c th tan trong H2O , thu c V2 lt kh H2 - Thng th : V2<V1 : H2 to thnh l cha cc i, ngha l c 1 phn Al khng tan do NaOH thiu. - Nu V2 = V1 ta c Na, Al tan hon ton trong H2O

V d: 35. Khi cho mt hn hp Na v Al vo nc thy hn hp tan ht. Chng t: A. Nc d v nAl > nNa B. Na d v nNa nAl C. Nc d v nNa nAl. D. Al tan ht trong nc 36. (khi A, 2008) Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1:2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon tan, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l: A.38,72 B.35,50 C.49,09 D.34,36 37. (khi B,2007) Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin) A.39,87% B. 77,31% C. 49,87% D. 29,87% 38. Mt hn hp nng 14,3 gam gm K v Zn tan ht trong nc d cho ra dung dch ch cha 1 cht tan duy nht . Xc nh th tch kh H2 thot ra A. 2,24 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 1,12 lt Dng 11: Xc nh kim loi - Phng php trung bnh Nn nh: Li = 7 ; Na =23; K=39 Be=9; Mg=24; Ca=40 Ba=137 - T xc nh c 2 kim loi lin tip trong cng mt phn nhm chnh sao cho kp gia 2 gi tr phn t khi ca 2 kim loi 39. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim M, N thuc hai chu k lin tip. Ly 0,095 gam X ho tan hon ton vo nc thu c 0,112 lt hiro (ktc). M, N ln lt l: A. Li v Na. B. Na v K. C. K v Rb. D. Li v K 40. Cho 3,2 gam hn hp 2 kim loi k tip, thuc nhm IIA, tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 2,24 lt kh hiro (ktc). Hai kim loi l: A. Ca v Sr B. Be v Mg C. Mg v Ca D. Sr v Ba 41. Hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim thuc hai chu k k tip. Ly 4,25 gam hn hp, ha tan hon ton vo H2O, thu c dung dch X. trung ho dung dch X cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M v H2SO4 0,5M. Hai kim loi l: A. Li, Na. B. Na, K. C. K, Rb. D. Rb, Cs. 4. (khi B,2008) Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li Dng 12: Kim loi + HNO3 I. Xc nh thnh phn, th tch kh - Phng php bo ton electron

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42. (khi A,2007) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l : A. 2.24 B. 4,48 C. 5,60 D. 3,36 Cu 43: (Cao ng, 2008) Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 (d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l A. N2O B. NO2 C. N2 D. NO. II. Xc nh thnh phn kim loi 43. Ho tan hon ton 0,45 gam mt kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,14 lt kh N2O duy nht (ktc). M l kim loi no: A. Fe. B. Zn. C. Cu. D. Al. III. Tnh khi lng mui nitrat

44. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp X gm: Cu, Mg v Al, tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp Y (gm NO v NO2) c t khi i vi hiro l 21,4. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l: A. 6,59gam B. 5,96gam C. 5,69gam D. 9,65gam 5. (khi B,2008) Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l A. 8,88 gam B. 13,92 gam. C. 13,32 gam. D. 6,52 gam IV. Tnh s mol axit HNO3 phn ng

Dng 13: Mt s vn v st Nn nh : FeO = 72; Fe3O4 = 232; Fe2O3 =160 Fe2(SO4)3 = 400 I. Bi ton: Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag - Trong dy in ha cp Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc cp Ag+/Ag nn phn ng trn xy ra l hon ton hp l.

Sn phm cui cng l mui - Khi Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, Fe(NO3)3 . V d: 45. (khi A, 2008) Cho hn hp bt 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l: (bit th t trong dy th in ha : Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag) A.59,4 B.64,8 C.32,4 D.54,0

II. Phng php qui i Dng 1: Fe3O4 FeO . Fe2O3 hoc x mol FeO + x mol Fe2O3 x mol Fe3O4 Ch : vic qui i ch l hon ton gi nh thun li trong tnh ton, Fe3O4 c t tnh (b nam chm ht) cn hn hp FeO v Fe2O3 th khng. V d: 46. (khi A,2008) ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO , Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO v Fe2O3 l bng nhau), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l: A.0,23 B.0,18 C.0,16 D.0,08 Gi : V s mol FeO v Fe2O3 l bng nhau nn ta c th qui FeO v Fe2O3 v thnh Fe3O4. Nh vy bi ton tr thnh hon tan 2,32 gam Fe3O4 trong dung dch HCl . Dng 2 3FeO = Fe + Fe2O3 v 3Fe3O4 = Fe + 4Fe2O3 - Dng qui i ny p dng tt cho cc bi ton oxiha hay kh hn hp Fe v cc oxit FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 . Vic qui i ny khng lm nh hng n s electron trao i. V d: 3FeO - 3e- 3Fe3+ v Fe + Fe2O3 - 3e- 3Fe3+ - Lc ny hn hp Fe,FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 c qui i thnh hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 . iu ny rt thun li, v trong phn ng oxiha-kh (vi HNO3 ) th ch cn c Fe cho electron v ch c N+5 nhn electron . - Vi cc dng ton khng lin quan n phn ng oxiha kh ta khng th p dng vic qui i, v n lm thay i hin tng. V d nh FeO tc dng vi HCl khng to kh, trong khi hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 li cho phn ng to kh vi HCl V d: 47. (khi A, 2008) Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (d) thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu uc m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 38,72 B.35,50 C.49,09 D.34,36

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6. (khi B,2008) Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l A. 9,75 B. 8,75 C. 7,80. D. 6,50 III. Bi ton: Fe (hn hp Fe,Cu) + HNO3 / H2SO4 c nng Sau phn ng : - HNO3 d, mui to thnh l Fe(NO3)3 . - Kim loi cn d, chng t mui st to thnh l mui Fe(II) , v Fe3+ cho phn ng vi Fe v Cu. o Nu chng minh c Cu cha phn ng (mcht rn khng tan > mCu ban u) th dung dch ch cha duy nht mui Fe(II) - Fe v HNO3 cng ht, c th mui to thnh l hn hp Fe(NO3)3 v Fe(NO3)2. Lc ny vit ln lt cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh ton. Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 3FeSO4 V d: 48. (khi A,2007) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l : A. 2.24 B. 4,48 C. 5,60 D. 3,36 49. (khi B,2007) Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l A. Cu(NO3)2 B. HNO3 C. Fe(NO3)2 D. Fe(NO3)3 50. Ha tan 11,2 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3 thu c kh NO, dung dch X v cn li 2,8 gam mt cht rn. Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch X A. 27 gam B. 28 gam C. 36,3 gam D. 54 gam 51. (khi B,2007) Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c , nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4 B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4 D. 0,12 mol FeSO4 7. (khi B,2008) Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO) A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt. IV. Bi ton oxiha khng hon ton Fe. Fe b oxiha khng hon ton giai on u, v b oxiha hon ton ln trng thi oxiha cao nht trong giai on cui

Trong 2 qu trnh trn, cht kh l Fe, cn cht oxiha l O2 v HNO3 . p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c: ne- Fe cho = ne- (O2 nhn) + ne- (HNO3 nhn) 52. m gam phi bo st A ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp B c khi lng 12 gam gm Fe v cc oxit FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi axit nitric d thy gii phng ra 2,24 lt kh duy nht NO. Tnh khi lng m ca A? Hng dn gii:

53. (khi B,2007) Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l A. 2,52 B. 2,22 C. 2,62 D. 2,32 54. (khi A, 2008) Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (d) thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu uc m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 38,72 B.35,50 C.49,09 D.34,36 Gi : Gii bi ton ny bng cch chuyn bi ton v dng : oxiha khng hon ton x mol Fe bng O2 khng kh c 11,36 gam hn hp . Sau ha tan hn hp bng dung dch HNO3 d ta c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht. Khi mui thu c chnh l x mol Fe(NO3)3 Bi ton ny c gii trn bng phng php qui i.V trong trng hp ny ta thy phng php qui i t ra ngn gn hn.

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V. Nhit phn hp cht ca Fe trong khng kh Cc hp cht Fe(II) u c tnh kh, do nu nhit phn hp cht Fe(II) hay Fe(III) trong khng kh th sn phm cui cng lun l Fe2O3 (do c phn ng vi O2 khng kh hoc l O2 sinh ra trong phn ng )

V d: 55. (khi A,2007) Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c mt cht rn l A. Fe3O4 B.FeO C.Fe D. Fe2O3 56. Nhit phn hon ton R(NO3)2 thu c 8 gam oxit kim loi v 5,04 lt hn hp kh X. Khi lng ca hn hp kh X l 10 gam. Cng thc ca mui X l: A. Fe(NO3)2 B. Mg(NO3)2 C. Cu(NO3)2 D. Zn(NO3)2 8. (khi B,2008) Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k) A. a = 0,5b B. a = b C. a = 4b D. a = 2b VI. Bi ton:

Xc nh thnh phn hn hp rn ban u hoc tnh hiu sut phn ng - Hn hp kh c H2 chng t Fe cn d sau phn ng vi S - Cn ch dng phng php ng cho xc nh thnh phn hn hp kh. Nu hh=18 chng t hn hp kh 50% H2 v 50% H2S - Lun tnh hiu sut phn ng theo cht thiu. V d: 57. Cho H2S d vo 200ml dung dch X(FeSO4 1M v CuSO4 1M) phn ng xong khi lng kt ta thu c l: A. 12,8 gam B. 19,2 gam C. 36,8 gam D. 17,6 gam 58. Nung 5,6 gam Fe vi 3,2 gam S nhit cao trong iu kin khng c oxi thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho X vo dung dch HCl d thu c hn hp kh Y. T khi ca Y i vi H2 l 10,6. Hy cho bit hiu sut ca phn ng gia Fe vi S. A. 50% B. 60% C. 70% D. 80% Cu 38: (Cao ng, 2008) Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 2,80. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48. Phn ng nhit phn 9. (khi B,2008) Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l

1. (khi B,2008) Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi qung nu trn l A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%. (Cao ng, 2008) Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u l A. 8,60 gam B. 20,50 gam. C. 11,28 gam. D. 9,40 gam. Phng php t t gi tr 1. (Cao ng, 2007) Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 20% thu c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l A. Cu B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg. 1. (Cao ng, 2007) Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%, thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng phn trm ca MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l (Cho H = 1; Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5; Fe = 56) A. 24,24%. B. 11,79%. C. 28,21%. D. 15,76%. Cc bi vit khc trong cng chuyn mc : Nguyn t ha hc: Boy Ha hc chuyn vp lth p n mn Ha khi B - 2011 (tt c cc m... trang web gup cn bng pt hoa hoc kho? thn chu hoc hoa..dz nhanh. Fe phn ng vi HNO3,H2S04

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