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Bi 2: K thut xi hn v thit k mch in

Bai 2: KY THUAT XI HAN VA THIET KE MACH IN


I.THIET B S DUNG: - Mo han ien 40W, o gac mo han ien. - Day ong moi hoc sinh khoang 0,5m. - Ch han, nha thong han, kem cat va dao. - Mach in moi hoc sinh 1tam mach in 4x5cm. - Thuoc ngam mach in. - Giay nham nhuyen, but long dau. II.MUC TIEU: - Nam c phng phap han va s dung mo han. - Thc hanh cac moi han c ban theo ung thao tac ky thuat. - Han c cac moi noi at yeu cau ve ky thuat va my thuat. - Han linh kien va van hanh vao mach. - Thiet ke c mach in theo ung yeu cau. III.NOI DUNG: 3.1 KY THUAT XI HAN

3.1.1 Dng c ngh: 3.1.1.1 M han in: - S dng loi m han dung in tr ot nong 40W (khong dung m han t nong theo nguyen ly ngn mch th cp bin ap, tranh nh hng ca t trng len linh kin khi han, nht la i vi IC CMOS). - gac m han: khi cha s dng m han ta phi gac m han vao gac m han.

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Bi 2: K thut xi hn v thit k mch in

3.1.1.2 Ch han, nha thong: - Ch han c dung trong qua trnh lp rap cac mch in t. Ch han d nong chy nhiet o khoang 600C 800C, co ng knh 1mm, rut rng cha nha thong, hoc c bc nha thong ben ngoai. - Nha thong (chloro-phyll) dng rn mau vang nht. Ta nen ng nha thong vao hp tranh tnh trng v vn va d bo qun hn. Nha thong co hai cong dng: ra sch (cht ty) ni cn han ch d bam cht, bo v mi han vi moi trng (nhit , m, hoa cht). 3.1.1.3 Cac loi kem: - Kem ct: - Kem m vt: 3.1.1.4 Dao, giy nham nhuyen: 3.1.2 Cach chuan b m han:

Kim tra u m han nu lng phi bt li vt u m han. Kim tra day cp

nguon in. - Lam sch u m han bng giy nham. Cp in, i m han nong phi tin hanh xi ch len u m han ngay, tranh m han nong lau s b oxy hoa. 3.2.2. Nu cha s dng phi gac m han vao gac m han. Trnh t thc hin thao tac xi ch tren day dn: Tut lp vo nha cach in tren day. Dung dao hay giy nham anh sch lp oxide hay lp men cach in bao quanh day dn. Nu s dng dao phi t li dao nghieng 450 so vi mt day tranh try xt day ng. Day c xem la sch khi day ng mau ng (mau hng nht) bong u quanh v tr va lam sch. iu quan trng cn chu y, sau khi lam sch ta phi tin hanh xi ch ngay. Mun xi ch, u tien phi lam nong day dn cn xi, t m han ben di va vuong goc vi day. Khi truyn nhit quan sat ni cn xi, mau hng ca day

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Bi 2: K thut xi hn v thit k mch in

s sam dn khi nhit gia tng, trong luc quan sat ta a ch han tip xuc len day dn, ch han t khac pha vi u m han. Khi im cn xi ch nhit o, ch s chy ra va bc quanh day ti im xi ch. Nh thao tac nay, nha thong co sn trong ch chy ra ty sch im cn xi, ch loang t mt tren xung pha di va i v pha ngun nhit. Tuy nhien nu a qua nhiu ch vao im xi ch, lp xi qua dy hoc b bam mau nau do nha thong chy ra va chay tren im xi ch. - Day ng phi luon tip xuc vi u m han, thc hin lien tc theo nguyen tc tin hai bc lui mt bc va xoay tron day ng cho n khi xong. 3.1.4 Cac mi ni han day c bn: 3.1.4.1 Han u hai u day dn: Phng phap han nay con gi la mi han ghep nh. Ta dung phng phap nay khi mun to cac on day dn hnh a giac hoc co th ni dai hai day dan ngn. Tuy nhien, mi han nay kho thc hin va co bn c kem hn cac kiu khac.

3.1.4.2

Mi han ghep song song:

Thng dung ni hai day dn vi nhau. Khong cach giao nhau thng c chn tu theo yeu cu. Trong qua trnh thc tp nen chon khong cach giao nhau ngn nht la 5mm ri tng dn theo trnh .

3.1.4.3 goc.

Mi han ghep vuong goc:

Mi han t yeu cu phi to ch bam quanh im t hai day dn vuong

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Bi 2: K thut xi hn v thit k mch in

3.1.4.4 Han xon: dung han gp cac day dn nhiu si. 3.1.4.5 Han linh kin len mch in: Khi han dung ch han chm nhanh len chan linh kin ti mi han. Khong m han qua lau ti mi han s lam troc ng mch in. Chan linh kin khong tho dai qua moi han. i vi linh kin khong chu c nhit phi dung kp tn nhit. 3.1.5 CAC BAI THC TAP Hc sinh tin hanh xi ch len day dn theo cac bc a c hng dn. Thc hin ung cac thao tac k thut cho n khi t yeu cu. Thc hin cac mi han day c bn. Khi thc tp c gng khong ri vao cac mi han khong t yeu cu. Sinh vien dung dng c un cong, kt hp vi cac cach han ghep tin hanh han ten ca mnh va cac hnh theo ung yeu cu ky thuat. Thc hanh han linh kin len board mch ni. KY THUAT MACH IN

3.2

3.2.1 Mot so quy tac khi thiet ke mot mach in:


n gin hoa s nguyen ly. Phi bit nhan dng va chan linh kin, yeu cu b tr linh kin. Cac linh kin phi co ch han chan linh kin rieng, khong han hai chan linh kin vao mt lo. ng mch in co th i vao gia hai chan linh kin nhng hai linh kin khong c nm chng cheo lan nhau. Cac ng mch khong tip xuc s nguyen ly th tren mch s mch in khong c giao nhau.

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Bi 2: K thut xi hn v thit k mch in

3.2.2 . Quy trnh thiet ke mach in tren giay: Dung mt t giy chia o ly va t cac linh kin len o. Sp xp hp ly v tr cac linh kin: cac transistor hay IC cong sut th t ni bt ming nhom tn nhit, cac nut chnh t ni khong b cn tr iu chnh, cac IC va cac linh kin ban dn khac phi t xa cac linh kin phat nhit mnh. Nu mch lam vic tn s cao th con phi chu y n tham s ky sinh. Dung vit chm cac chan gn linh kin. Dung vit to m cac ng ni mch gia cac chan linh kin. C gng t linh kin sao cho ng ni mch co tng chiu dai ngn nht, chiu rng to nht va t un cong nht. Chu y linh kin va cac ng mch nm i mt nhau tren tm mch in nen ta phi lam s b tr linh kin ngc vi s mch in. Nen thit lp c hai s tng ng vi hai mt ca tm mch in. 3.2.3 Cac bc thc hien mot tam mach in: Sau khi a thit k mch in tren giy, tin hanh ct tm mch in theo ung kch thc a thc hin tren giy. Dung gia va giy nham cha phng cac cnh sc ca tm mch in. Dung giy nham nhuyn cha sch lp bn va oxy hoa bam tren bn mt ng ca tm mch in. Ct tm giy va v s mch in tren chp len tm mch b mt ng. Dung pointou nhn anh du cac im nut hay cac im chan linh kin len mch in (co th dung giy than in s mch a v len b mt ng). Dung vit long du (dung moi aceton) to cac im han chan linh kin va cac im pad ni mch, dung thc v cac ng ni mch tren mt ng (da theo cac im pointou va nh v va s mch a v trc). Lu y cac ng tn hiu v manh con cac ng ngun nen v to; cac mi han mass va mch mass phi c thit k ln va chy bao quanh h mch. Sau khi a v xong cac ng ni mch, ta quan sat xem, co v tr nao b v khong lin net hay khong, m cac ng phi u nhau, ng thi khong b sot ng mch nao c. Trng hp cn thit ch cho mc kho hn ri li mt ln na.
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Bi 2: K thut xi hn v thit k mch in

Dung dao ben co sa cac bien ca ng mch sao cho ng mach an ton va p. Khi a v hoan chnh, ch cho mc kho ri cho bng mch ngam vao dung

dch thuc ngam mch in. Mt ng cho hng xung pha di, ho cht ty s n mon lp ng ti cac v tr khong bam mc va nguyen lp ng ti cac v tr c bao ph bng cac ng v mc. Mun lp ng b n nhanh th nen pha bt ngam vi nc m, khi ty nen lc tm mch in trong chu thuc. Sau khi ty xong cac vung ng khong cn thit, ra mch in vi nc sch nhiu ln, dung xng hoc cn lau sch cac ng mc. Dung khoan (mi khoan co ng knh 0,8mm 1mm) khoan cac l cm chan linh kin (co th dung may uc lo). anh s mch in bng giy nham nhuyn va nc, lam sch ri sn ph len mt lp dung dch nha thong (nha thong co pha xng) co th bo qun mch lau ngay khong b len lp ten xanh hoc en. 3.2.4 CAC BAI THC TAP: 3.2.4.1 Ve s o mach in t s o nguyen ly: Hc sinh tin hanh thit k mch in tren giy t mt s s mch nguyen ly sau:

220VAC
R 560 C 2200F/25V led

+VDC

VAC

GND

Cc cch xp linh kin in hnh theo cc mu sau:

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Bi 2: K thut xi hn v thit k mch in

Tin hanh thc hin mch in t s thit k tren theo s hng dn ca giao vien.

3.2.4.2 . Khoi phuc s o nguyen ly t s o mach in:

3.2.4.3 Mach in mau ca mch cu chnh lu :


3.2.4.3.1. S b ch linh kin mu:

3.2.4.3.1. S thit k mch in mu:

3.2.4.3.1. S thit k mch in mu bng chng trnh my tnh:

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